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Ranganathan K, Kavitha L. Clinical aspects of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders in South and Southeast Asia. Oral Dis 2024. [PMID: 38817004 DOI: 10.1111/odi.15008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD) are major health problems in South and Southeast Asia. AIMS To describe and discuss the clinical aspects of Oral Cancer and OPMD in South and Southeast Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature review of concepts and data over the last four decades. DISCUSSION Asian countries account for about two-thirds of new cases of oral cancer (OC) globally, with the highest burden in the South and Southeast Asian countries, including Pakistan and India. Habits, dietary patterns, socioeconomic status, and access to routine dental care play a crucial role in defining the demographics and clinical presentation of OC in these regions and significantly influence the morbidity and mortality of the disease. This region sees the use of different types of tobacco with or without areca nut (AN), such as pan masala, gutka, gul, snuff, mawa, and mishri. Tobacco use is high among men in Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Maldives, Bangladesh, Nepal, India and Bhutan. Areca nut is the fourth most common addictive substance globally and is frequently used in South and Southeast Asian countries, including Southeast China, Hainan Island, India, Taiwan, and the Pacific Islands, and immigrants from these regions in Africa, Europe, and North America. The use of these products results in mucosal alterations with varied clinical presentation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs) and OC. We discuss here the different types of OPMD and OC, the diagnostic aids and their relevance in clinical practice, and factors that influence their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Ranganathan
- Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Loganathan Kavitha
- Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu J, Zhu H. FKBP4 correlates with CD8 + T cells and lymphatic metastases in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Dis 2024; 30:422-432. [PMID: 36067001 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify the engagement of CD8+ T cells in the lymph node metastasis (LNM) of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and significant CD8+ T cell-related genes regulating the LNM. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Tumor samples of primary OSCC patients were obtained (n = 71). CD8 expression in LNM- and LNM+ tumors were identified using tissue microarray (TMA)-based immunohistochemistry (IHC) and compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. The LNM status, as well as the metagene expression of CD8+ T cells of OSCC patients, were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Metagenes related to LNM were screened using logistic regression analyses and further identified using TMA-based IHC. RESULTS CD8 was significantly positively associated with LNM (p < 0.05). Furthermore, tumors with higher expression of FKBP4 had significantly higher LNM rate (HR: 1.63; 95% CI: 1.08 ~ 2.53; p < 0.05), which was also proven using TMA-based IHC analysis. CONCLUSION CD8+ T cells might engage in the lymphatic metastases of OSCC. Among CD8+ T cell-related genes, FKBP4 could be a promising biomarker to predict the risk of LNM of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- School of Stomatology, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huiyong Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Naseer A, Goode F, Doyle T. Osteoradionecrosis - an old problem with new consequences. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2024; 18:39-46. [PMID: 38170197 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a devasting complication of radiation therapy (RT), especially in head and neck cancers (HNC), and is still poorly understood. The aim of this review is to report its incidence and consider the risk factors associated with ORN to highlight prevention strategies to decrease its incidence. RECENT FINDINGS The average incidence of ORN is between 2% and 23%, with incidence decreasing in more recent years with the introduction of modern RT technology and better oral health care. Smoking, diabetes mellitus, oropharyngeal and oral cavity cancers, pre- and post-RT dental extractions and a total radiation dose of over 60 Gy were all identified as risk factors for ORN. In prevention, strategies were mainly structured around minimising risk factors or targeting possible mechanisms of ORN's pathophysiology. SUMMARY At present, the controversy surrounding the risk factors and pathogenesis of ORN makes it difficult to establish a set of prevention guidelines for its incidence. In order to achieve this, more research examining its aetiology must be conducted as well as a universal staging system within which ORN may be classified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amara Naseer
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin
| | - Fiona Goode
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Tia Doyle
- Trinity College: The University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
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Binmadi N, Subahi G, Alsharif M, Daous Y, Jamal B, Alshinkity H, Salleh Barefah A. Oral squamous cell carcinoma with synchronous follicular lymphoma: A rare case report. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2024; 12:2050313X241233423. [PMID: 38419799 PMCID: PMC10901051 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x241233423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of oral squamous cell carcinoma synchronously with lymphoma arising primarily in cervical lymph nodes is rare. Here, we report a case representing an infrequent finding. A 66-year-old male who was diagnosed with right mandibular squamous cell carcinoma and was subsequently found to have a nodal follicular lymphoma as a second malignancy. The patient underwent surgical resection for the oral squamous cell carcinoma with right selective neck dissection. The multidisciplinary team's postoperative treatment strategy involved adjuvant radiotherapy for the oral squamous cell carcinoma, while adopting a close follow-up approach for the follicular lymphoma. After an 18-month follow-up, there were no evidence of disease progression. This case report highlights the diagnostic challenges of synchronous primary malignancies occurring in the head and neck region. It also underscores the importance to conduct a comprehensive clinical and histopathological examination to rule out the possibility of synchronous neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Binmadi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghidaa Subahi
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alsharif
- Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yara Daous
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basem Jamal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashim Alshinkity
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, King Abdulaziz University Faculty of Dentistry, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Salleh Barefah
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Justesen MM, Stampe H, Jakobsen KK, Andersen AO, Jensen JM, Nielsen KJ, Gothelf AB, Wessel I, Christensen A, Grønhøj C, von Buchwald C. Impact of tumor subsite on survival outcomes in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2019. Oral Oncol 2024; 149:106684. [PMID: 38211527 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2024.106684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although the oral cavity encompasses different anatomical subsites, it is unclear whether subsite localization of carcinoma influences outcome. METHODS This retrospective cohort study examined overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and local recurrence-free survival (L-RFS) at different subsites by Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to investigate the impact of subsite on overall death, locoregional recurrence, and local recurrence. RESULTS The cohort included 1702 patients treated with curative intent for OSCC according to standardized national guidelines. The 5-year OS was superior in oral tongue to retromolar trigone as well as in both oral tongue and floor-of-mouth (FOM) compared to tumors involving multiple locations. The 3-year RFS in oral tongue and FOM was superior to tumors involving multiple locations, and in FOM compared to retromolar trigone. The 3-year L-RFS in oral tongue and FOM was higher than gingiva, retromolar trigone and tumors involving multiple locations. Adjusting for relevant covariables using oral tongue as reference, tumors involving multiple locations was the only category presenting higher risk for locoregional recurrence, while risk of local recurrence was higher in gingiva, retromolar trigone, hard palate and to tumors involving multiple locations. The study found no difference in risk of death between subsites. CONCLUSION The study found differences in survival outcomes between subsites. After adjusting for covariables, subsite mainly had significant impact on local recurrence, with no distinct pattern of influence on overall death or locoregional recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Meldgaard Justesen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Helene Stampe
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amanda Oester Andersen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob Myllerup Jensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Juul Nielsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anita Birgitte Gothelf
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Irene Wessel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Grønhøj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yelishetty H, Yadav JS, Sethi C, Chaurasia R, Singh M, Mahur S, Tripathi S, Bam B, Gupta S. Comparative Evaluation of Surgical Operability with and without Induction Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2024; 76:626-632. [PMID: 38440429 PMCID: PMC10908765 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04230-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
To compare and evaluation of surgical operability with and without induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head and neck malignancy grossly refers to squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (HNSCC) have multiple treatment modalities and strategies, when opted in an appropriate manner renders tumours curable. The aim of this study is to compare and evaluation of surgical operability with and without induction chemotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. A prospective observational study involving 50 patients of histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region. Patients were categorized into two major groups, group-1 patients included resectable tumour stage and group-2 included unresectable tumour stage. Both groups were compared after appropriate chemotherapy and surgical intervention. There were a total of 78% males and 22% females with majority of patients in age group of 41-60 years. 54% patients had ulcerative type of growth pattern and most patients had primary site of lesion in oral cavity. 50% patients had moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Induction chemotherapy was considered in 70% of patients, while majority of patients were belonging to T4N2M0 stage. In this study, we recommend that the borderline category of patients who are initially in an unresectable tumour stage can undergo induction chemotherapy to downstage and shrink the tumour to a resectable stage following which the appropriate surgical intervention should be done with a close monitoring and sustained follow up to prevent recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mayank Singh
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | - Sachin Mahur
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, India
| | | | - Bomkar Bam
- Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi, India
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Fu Q, Zhang F, Vijayalakshmi A. The Protective Effect of Sanggenol L Against DMBA-induced Hamster Buccal Pouch Carcinogenesis Induces Apoptosis and Inhibits Cell Proliferative Signalling Pathway. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:885-893. [PMID: 37496247 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230726140706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a poor prognosis when treated with surgery and chemotherapy. Therefore, a new therapy and preventative strategy for OSCC and its underlying mechanisms are desperately needed. The purpose of this study was to examine the chemopreventive effects of sanggenol L on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The research focused on molecular signalling pathways in 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch (HBP) carcinogenesis. AIM The purpose of this study was to look at the biochemical and chemopreventive effects of sanggenol L on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced HBP (hamster buccal pouch) carcinogenesis via cell proliferation and the apoptotic pathway. METHODS After developing squamous cell carcinoma, oral tumours continued to progress leftward into the pouch 3 times per week for 10 weeks while being exposed to 0.5 % reactive DMBA three times per week. Tumour growth was caused by biochemical abnormalities that induced inflammation, increased cell proliferation, and decreased apoptosis. RESULTS Oral sanggenol L (10 mg/kg bw) supplementation with cancer-induced model DMBApainted hamsters prevented tumour occurrences, improved biochemistry, inhibited inflammatory markers, decreased cell proliferation marker expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α), nuclear factor (NF-κB), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Sanggenol L could be developed into a new medicine for the treatment of oral carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Fu
- Department of Stomatology, People's Hospital of Qijiang District, Chongqing, 401420, China
| | - Fangming Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Fifth People's Hospital Of Wuxi, Wuxi, 214000, China
| | - Annamalai Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Rabiammal Ahamed Maideen College for Women, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, 610001, India
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Darvish M. LncRNA FTH1P3: A New Biomarker for Cancer-Related Therapeutic Development. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:576-584. [PMID: 37491858 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230724141353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a persistent and urgent health problem that affects the entire world. Not long ago, regulatory biomolecules referred to as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) might have value for their innate abundance and stability. These single-stranded RNAs potentially interfere with several physiological and biochemical cellular processes involved in many human pathological situations, particularly cancer diseases. Ferritin heavy chain1 pseudogene 3 (FTH1P3), a lncRNA that is ubiquitously transcribed and belongs to the ferritin heavy chain (FHC) family, represents a novel class of lncRNAs primarily found in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Further research has shown that FTH1P3 is involved in other malignancies such as uveal melanoma, glioma, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, and cervical cancer. Accordingly, FTH1P3 significantly enhances cancer symptoms, including cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance, and inhibition of apoptosis through many specific mechanisms. Notably, the clinical data significantly demonstrated the association of FTH1P3 overexpression with poor prognosis and poor overall survival within the examined samples. Here, we summarize all the research published to date (13 articles) on FTH1P3, focusing on the biological function underlying the regulatory mechanism and its possible clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darvish
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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Tarrad NAF, Hassan S, Shaker OG, AbdelKawy M. "Salivary LINC00657 and miRNA-106a as diagnostic biomarkers for oral squamous cell carcinoma, an observational diagnostic study". BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:994. [PMID: 38087258 PMCID: PMC10714514 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03726-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors is critical for improving the survival rate and treatment outcomes of oral cancer. Thus, the current prospective investigation was designed to verify the role, sensitivity, and specificity of salivary LINC00657 and miRNA-106a as diagnostic markers in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients as compared to oral lichen planus (as an example of oral potentially malignant disorders) and normal individuals, and to show LINC00657 relation to miR-106a. METHODS A total of 36 participants were included, subdivided into 3 groups: Group I: 12 patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Group II: 12 patients diagnosed with oral lichen planus (OLP). Group III: 12 systemically free individuals with no oral mucosal lesions. Unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all participants to evaluate level of LINC00657 and miR-106a in different groups using quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS OSCC showed the highest LINC00657 and lowest miR-106a fold change among included groups. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of the two biomarkers for detecting OSCC revealed that LINC00657 had higher diagnostic accuracy (DA) (83.3%) compared to miR-106a (80.4%). As for detecting OLP, ROC analysis showed that miR-106a had higher (DA) (61%) compared to LINC00657 (52.5%). To discriminate OSCC from OLP, the diagnostic accuracy of both markers is the same (75%). Moreover, differentiating OSCC grades II and III, ROC analysis showed that miR-106a had lower (DA) (60%) compared to LINC00657 (DA) (83.3%). CONCLUSIONS Salivary LINC00657 and miR-106a could be promising diagnostic markers for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Salivary LINC00657 may differentiate oral squamous cell carcinoma from oral potentially malignant disorders with considerable diagnostic accuracy. Moreover, low levels of salivary miR-106a could have the potential to indicate malignancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrial.gov with NCT05821179 (first trial registration in 26/3/2023), date of registration: 19/4/2023.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Hassan
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University and Ahram Candian University, Fayoum, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat Gamil Shaker
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha AbdelKawy
- Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Pazhani J, Chanthu K, Jayaraman S, Varun BR. Evaluation of salivary MMP-9 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral leukoplakia using ELISA. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2023; 27:649-654. [PMID: 38304520 PMCID: PMC10829443 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_426_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer of the lip and the oral cavity is collectively the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, out of which 90% are oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). Oral cancer survival rates depend mainly upon the stage in which it is diagnosed. Successful early detection would eventually increase the survival rate. OSCCs may be preceded by potentially malignant disorders (PMDs) that are characterised by visible clinical changes in the oral mucosa. Correct diagnosis and timely treatment of PMDs may help prevent malignant transformation in oral lesions. Oral leukoplakia (OL) is the best known potentially malignant disorder of the oral mucosa with a malignant transformation rate of about 3% to 33%. Tumour markers in saliva have emerged as a new diagnostic tool in the early detection of oral cancer. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is a gelatinase which plays an important role in tumourogenisis. The present study was done to evaluate the salivary levels of MMP-9 in OSCC and oral leukoplakia patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Materials and Methods The study was conducted among 102 subjects, which included 34 OSCC patients (group I), 34 OL patients (group II), and 34 healthy subjects (group III). Unstimulated saliva was collected by the passive drooling method from all the study subjects during the study period, centrifuged, and stored at -80°C. The salivary MMP-9 was estimated in mg/ml using the sandwich ELISA technique. The data were analysed using a statistical software package, EZR. One-way analysis of variance was used for the comparison of salivary MMP-9 levels in OSCC, OL, and normal oral mucosa. Scheffe's multiple comparison was carried out to compare salivary MMP-9 levels among the different histological grades of OSCC and oral epithelial dysplasia. For all statistical interpretations, P ≤ 0.0 was considered the threshold for statistical significance. Results and Conclusion The mean salivary MMP-9 level in OSCC, OL, and normal oral mucosa was 50.9 ± 5.7 ng/ml, 31.6 ± 6 ng/ml, and 16.2 ± 4.8 ng/ml, respectively. Patients with OSCC had significantly higher levels of salivary MMP-9 when compared to OL and normal mucosa. Higher levels of salivary MMP-9 were observed in poorly differentiated OSCC when compared to well and moderately differentiated OSCCs. The salivary MMP-9 was higher in severe oral epithelial dysplasia when compared to mild and moderate oral epithelial dysplasias. As malignant transformation rates are higher in patients with severe oral epithelial dysplasia when compared to mild and moderate oral epithelial dysplasia, salivary MMP-9 could be considered as a surrogate marker of malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanthi Pazhani
- Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnasree Chanthu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Azeezia College of Dental Sciences and Research, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - Selvaraj Jayaraman
- Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B. R. Varun
- Department of Oral Pathology, PMS College of Dental Sciences and Research, Trivandrum, Kerala, India
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Pratap Singh R, Kumari N, Gupta S, Jaiswal R, Mehrotra D, Singh S, Mukherjee S, Kumar R. Intratumoral Microbiota Changes with Tumor Stage and Influences the Immune Signature of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0459622. [PMID: 37409975 PMCID: PMC10434029 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04596-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterization of the oral microbiota profile through various studies has shown an association between the microbiome and oral cancer; however, stage-specific determinants of dynamic changes in microbial communities of oral cancer remain elusive. Additionally, the influence of the intratumoral microbiota on the intratumoral immune system remains largely unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to stratify microbial abundance in the early-onset and subsequent stages of oral cancer and analyze their influence on clinical-pathological and immunological features. The microbiome composition of tissue biopsy samples was identified using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, while intratumoral and systemic immune profiling was done with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry-based analysis. The bacterial composition differed significantly among precancer, early cancer, and late cancer stages with the enrichment of genera Capnocytophaga, Fusobacterium, and Treponema in the cancer group, while Streptococcus and Rothia were enriched in the precancer group. Late cancer stages were significantly associated with Capnocytophaga with high predicting accuracy, while Fusobacterium was associated with early stages of cancer. A dense intermicrobial and microbiome-immune network was observed in the precancer group. At the cellular level, intratumoral immune cell infiltration of B cells and T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) was observed with enrichment of the effector memory phenotype. Naive and effector subsets of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and related gene expression were found to be distinctly associated with bacterial communities; most importantly, highly abundant bacterial genera of the tumor microenvironment were either negatively correlated or not associated with the effector lymphocytes, which led to the conclusion that the tumor microenvironment favors an immunosuppressive and nonimmunogenic microbiota. IMPORTANCE The gut microbiome has been explored extensively for its importance in the modulation of systemic inflammation and immune response; in contrast, the intratumoral microbiome is less studied for its influence on immunity in cancer. Given the established correlation between intratumoral lymphocyte infiltration and patient survival in cases of solid tumors, it was pertinent to explore the extrinsic factor influencing immune cell infiltration in the tumor. Modulation of intratumoral microbiota could have a beneficial effect on the antitumor immune response. This study stratifies the microbial profile of oral squamous cell carcinoma starting from precancer to late-stage cancer and provides evidence for their immunomodulatory role in the tumor microenvironment. Our results suggest combining microbiome study with immunological signatures of tumors for their prognostic and diagnostic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghwendra Pratap Singh
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Naina Kumari
- Human Microbiome Research Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West-Bengal, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Riddhi Jaiswal
- Department of Pathology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Mehrotra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sudhir Singh
- Department of Radiology, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Souvik Mukherjee
- Human Microbiome Research Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West-Bengal, India
| | - Rashmi Kumar
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Ghosh S, Mitra P, Saha U, Nandi R, Jena S, Ghosh A, Roy SS, Acharya M, Biswas NK, Singh S. NOTCH pathway inactivation reprograms stem-like oral cancer cells to JAK-STAT dependent state and provides the opportunity of synthetic lethality. Transl Oncol 2023; 32:101669. [PMID: 37054548 PMCID: PMC10122064 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently provided the evidence of interconvertible cellular states, driving non-genetic heterogeneity among stem-like oral cancer cells (oral-SLCCs). Here, NOTCH pathway-activity status is explored as one of the possible mechanisms behind this stochastic plasticity. METHODS Oral-SLCCs were enriched in 3D-spheroids. Constitutively-active and inactive status of NOTCH pathway was achieved by genetic or pharmacological approaches. RNA sequencing and real-time PCR was performed for gene expression studies. in vitro cytotoxicity assessments were performed by AlamarBlue assay and in vivo effects were studied by xenograft growth in zebrafish embryo. RESULTS We have observed stochastic plasticity in oral-SLCCs, spontaneously maintaining both NOTCH-active and inactive states. While cisplatin refraction was associated with post-treatment adaptation to the active-state of NOTCH pathway, oral-SLCCs with inactive NOTCH pathway status showed aggressive tumor growth and poor prognosis. RNAseq analysis clearly suggested the upregulation of JAK-STAT pathway in NOTCH pathway-inactive subset. The 3D-spheroids with lower NOTCH-activity status displayed significantly higher sensitivity to JAK-selective drugs, Ruxolitinib or Tofacitinib or siRNA mediated downregulation of tested partners STAT3/4. Oral-SLCCs were programmed to adapt the inactive status of NOTCH pathway by exposing to γ-secretase inhibitors, LY411575 or RO4929097, followed by targeting with JAK-inhibitors, Ruxolitinib or Tofacitinib. This approach resulted in a very significant inhibition in viability of 3D-spheroids as well as xenograft initiation in Zebrafish embryos. CONCLUSION Study revealed for the first time that NOTCH pathway-inactive state exhibit activation of JAK-STAT pathways, as synthetic lethal pair. Therefore, co-inhibition of these pathway may serve as novel therapeutic strategy against aggressive oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Paromita Mitra
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Uday Saha
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Rimpa Nandi
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Subhashree Jena
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Shantanu Saha Roy
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Moulinath Acharya
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Nidhan Kumar Biswas
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal 741251, India.
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Stepan KO, Mazul AL, Larson J, Shah P, Jackson RS, Pipkorn P, Kang SY, Puram SV. Changing Epidemiology of Oral Cavity Cancer in the United States. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:761-768. [PMID: 35503657 PMCID: PMC10154079 DOI: 10.1177/01945998221098011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aim to more accurately characterize the current distribution and rates of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases across various oral cavity subsites in the United States. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Database study evaluating cancer incidence in the United States from 2001 to 2017. METHODS We utilized the US Cancer Statistics Public Use Database, which includes deidentified cancer data reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Program of Cancer Registries and the National Cancer Institute's SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results), capturing 97% of newly diagnosed cancers. We restricted our analysis to SCC arising from oral cavity subsites from 2001 to 2017. We calculated trends in annual cancer incidence rates using SEER*Stat, as well as annual and average annual percentage change and joinpoints with the National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint program. RESULTS Most oral cavity SCC cases arise from the oral tongue (41.7%), followed equally by lip and floor of mouth (each 16.5%), gingival (10.6%), buccal (6.7%), retromolar trigone (5.6%), and hard palate (2.3%) involvement. The overall incidence of oral tongue SCC continues to rise with an average annual percentage change of 1.8% (95% CI, 1.6%-2.1%; P < .001), with a 2.3% increase among women. This increase is seen among males and females of all age groups. Cancers involving the gum, buccal mucosa, and hard palate were also found to be increasing in rate, albeit to a lesser degree and with substantially lower incidence. CONCLUSIONS The tongue is the most frequently involved subsite of oral cavity SCC and is increasing in incidence among males and females of all ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn O. Stepan
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Angela L. Mazul
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, USA
| | - Jeffrey Larson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Parth Shah
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ryan S. Jackson
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Patrik Pipkorn
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Kang
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sidharth V. Puram
- Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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14
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Alshami ML, Al‐Maliky MA, Alsagban AA, Alshaeli AJ. Epidemiology and incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the Iraqi population over 5 years (2014-2018). Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1205. [PMID: 37064317 PMCID: PMC10090270 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common and life-threatening neoplasms worldwide, and is responsible for approximately 90% of all oral malignancies. Aim This study was aimed at providing updated information on oral squamous cell carcinoma in all Iraqi governorates for the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018, including the annual incidence and demographic variables. Materials and Methods The total number of oral squamous cell carcinoma cases in Iraq, along with associated demographic information (age, sex, and site), for the 5-year period from 2014 to 2018 was obtained. The statistical analysis consisted of descriptive analysis, including frequency, percentage, and mean ± standard deviation. A χ 2 test was performed to compare frequencies between male and female patients, among age groups, and among different OSCC sites. The χ 2 test was also used to assess the association of each OSCC site with age and sex. The significance threshold was set at p < 0.05, and the confidence interval was set at 95%. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma for each year was calculated by dividing the number of OSCC cases per year by the population of Iraq, then multiplying the result by 100,000. Results A total of 722 cases were recorded. Statistically, oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be more prevalent in males and individuals over 40 years of age. The tongue was the most common site of occurrence. Lip squamous cell carcinoma cases were high in males. The incidence rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma was estimated to be 0.4 per 100,000 people. Conclusion Males and older people are at relatively higher risk of developing oral cancer. The tongue is the most affected site, but any site in the oral cavity may be involved. Further exploration of the causes of oral malignancy in Iraq is necessary to improve prevention strategies.
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15
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Holanda AGA, Cesário BC, Silva VM, Francelino LEC, Nascimento BHM, Damasceno KFA, Ishikawa U, Farias NBS, Junior RFA, Barboza CAG, Junior CA, Antunes JMAP, Moura CEB, Queiroz GF. Use of Cold Atmospheric Plasma in the Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma: in vitro Effects and Clinical Application in Feline Tumors: A Pilot Study. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 53-54:100773. [PMID: 36990177 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has shown promising results against squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in both in vivo and in vitro assays, mainly in humans and mice. Its applicability for treatment of feline tumors, however, remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of CAP on a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lineage and against a clinical case of cutaneous SCC in a cat. Control and treatment groups employing the HNSCC cell line (SCC-25) were used, the latter exposed to CAP for 60 seconds, 90 seconds, or 120 seconds. The cells were subjected to the MTT assay nitric oxidation assay and thermographic in vitro analyses. The clinical application was performed in one cat with cutaneous SCC (3 sites). The lesions were treated and evaluated by thermographic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations (caspase-3 and TNF-alpha). Treatment of the SCC-25 cells for 90 seconds and 120 seconds resulted in a significant nitrite concentration increase. Decreased cell viability was observed after 24 hours and 48 hours, regardless of exposure time. However, the cell viability reduction observed at 72 hours was significant only in the 120 seconds treatment. In vitro, the temperature decreased for all treatment times, while the plasma induced a slight increase in mean temperature (0.7°C) in the in vivo assay. Two of the 3 clinical tumors responded to the treatment: one with a complete response and the other, partial, while the third (lower lip SCC) remained stable. Both remaining tumors displayed apoptotic areas and increased expression of caspase-3 and TNF-alpha. Adverse effects were mild and limited to erythema and crusting. The CAP exhibited an in vitro anticancer effect on the HNSCC cell line, demonstrated by a dose-dependent cell viability reduction. In vivo, the therapy appears safe and effective against feline cutaneous SCC. The treatment did not result in a clinical response for 1 of 3 lesions (proliferative lower lip tumor), however, a biological effect was still demonstrated by the higher expression of apoptosis indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- André G A Holanda
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil.
| | - Bruna C Cesário
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Victória M Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Luiz E C Francelino
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Bruno H M Nascimento
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Kássia F A Damasceno
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Uta Ishikawa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Naisandra B S Farias
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Raimundo F A Junior
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos A G Barboza
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Clodomiro A Junior
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Statistics, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, RN, Brazil
| | - João M A P Antunes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Carlos E B Moura
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
| | - Genilson F Queiroz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, Mossoró, RN, Brazil
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16
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Kamal MV, Rao M, Damerla RR, Pai A, Sharan K, Palod A, Shetty PS, Usman N, Kumar NAN. A Mechanistic Review of Methotrexate and Celecoxib as a Potential Metronomic Chemotherapy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:144-154. [PMID: 36269850 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2139840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The combination of low-dose methotrexate and celecoxib as metronomic chemotherapy (MCT) is a novel therapy, believed to act by modulating the immune response, inhibiting angiogenesis and its cytotoxic action, though the exact mechanism of action is unclear. Clinically, MCT was found to be very effective in delaying tumor progression in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in both curative and palliative settings. This review was aimed to give a brief insight into the mechanism of action and potential molecular alterations of MCT in the treatment of oral cancers taking into consideration the various in vivo and in vitro studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Ananth Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Krishan Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Akhil Palod
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Preethi S Shetty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Nawaz Usman
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Naveena A N Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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17
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Sridhar R, Etimad H, Pushparaj PN, Kalamegam G. Integration of palliative care in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Bioinformation 2023; 19:1-4. [PMID: 37720294 PMCID: PMC10504499 DOI: 10.6026/97320630019001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral Squamous cell Cancers (OSCC) is strongly associated with tobacco consumption. We here in present a case study of a OSCC patient who refused standard oncological care (SOC), to highlight the importance of integrating palliative care (PC) for improved patient outcomes. A 61 years male patient, with history of chewing tobacco for more than 20 years and diagnosed to have OSCC for 1.5 years presented with severe anaemia and a cauliflower-like growth (12 x 10 cm) in the left oral cavity and cheek with greenish-yellow discharge. Pus culture was positive for K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. Patient is also a known hypertensive for 15 years and a diabetic for 7 years on allopathic treatment. However, the patient refused SOC for oral cancer and relied on siddha treatment. Packed cell transfusions were given to correct anaemia and the blood glucose levels was kept under control. Frequent wound debridement, oral care, antibiotics, balanced-diet and hydration improved wound-bed granulation. Patient and family members were counselled and explained in detail on the need for SOC by sharing previous OSCC patients' care and outcomes at our centre. Patient gained trust and courage and agreed for chemotherapy, which reduced the disease burden and improved the quality of life (QoL) considerably. Therefore, PC integration at an early stage of treatment is imperative as it reduced (i) the burden of secondary infection, (ii) pain and distress, and (iii) improved the QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Republica Sridhar
- RMD Specialities Hospital and RMD Academy for Health, A Unit of RMD Pain and Palliative Care Trust, Chennai, India
| | - Huwait Etimad
- King Abdulaziz Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Biochem, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Univ, King Fahad Med Res Ctr, Expt Biochem Unit, Cell Culture Lab, Jeddah 22252, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter Natesan Pushparaj
- Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research, and Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Jeddah 22252
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Gauthaman Kalamegam
- RMD Specialities Hospital and RMD Academy for Health, A Unit of RMD Pain and Palliative Care Trust, Chennai, India
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600077, India
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18
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Lenka S, Bhuyan SK, Bhuyan R. Understanding the characteristics of the host genome and microbiome interaction in oral squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oral health status is directly associated with microbes present within it. The abundance of microbes at the OSCC site is more than at its control site, representing its possible role in the progression of OSCC development. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota could be a crucial etiological risk factor in the elevation of OSCC. This study aimed to analyze and assess: a) positive regulator microbes of oral cancer and their abundance at the cancer site, b) pathways involved in positive regulator microbes, and c) identification of the most virulent oral oncogenic microbe.
Main body
It is obtained from several studies that microbes belonging to Prevotella, Fusobacterium, Alloprevotella, Capnocytophaga, Porphyromonas, Campylobacter, and Aggregatibacter are detected to be more in number contrast to healthy sites. Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans show molecular pathways linked with OSCC development. Genes encoding for virulent factors like FimA, Gingipains, lipopolysaccharide (P. gingivalis), FadA, Fap2 (F. nucleatum), and zymosan (C. Albicans) are directly involved in elevating oral cancer.
Conclusion
Mostly, the genes that are involved in promoting oral cancer are the genes that generally encode cell wall proteins. The cell wall proteins that is FadA, Fap, and FimA interact with the host's cell and hamper the normal regulation pathway, which leads to activation of cell proliferating pathways, down-regulates apoptotic pathways, cytoskeleton rearrangement, and upregulates the cell cycle checkpoint regulators; as a result, progression of oral cancer occurs.
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Ivkovic N, Martinovic D, Kozina S, Lupi-Ferandin S, Tokic D, Usljebrka M, Kumric M, Bozic J. Quality of Life and Aesthetic Satisfaction in Patients Who Underwent the “Commando Operation” with Pectoralis Major Myocutaneus Flap Reconstruction—A Case Series Study. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10091737. [PMID: 36141349 PMCID: PMC9498799 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10091737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The “commando operation” is an extensive surgical procedure used to treat patients with oral squamous carcinoma and metastasis in the cervical lymph nodes. While the procedure can be curative, it is also very mutilating, which consequently has a major impact on the patient’s quality of life. Several studies showed that the procedure is associated with loss of certain functions, such as impairments in speech, chewing, swallowing, and loss of taste and appetite. Furthermore, some of these impairments and their degree depend on the reconstruction method. However, the data regarding the functional impairments and aesthetic results in patients who underwent the “commando operation” along with the pectoralis major myocutaneus flap reconstruction are still inconclusive. This study included 34 patients that underwent partial glossectomy, ipsilateral modified radical neck dissection, pectoralis major myocutaneus flap reconstruction, and adjuvant radiotherapy. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate aesthetical results and functional impairments as well as to grade the level of satisfaction with the functional and aesthetic outcomes both by the patients and by the operator. Most of the patients stated that their speech (N = 33; 97%) and salivation (N = 32; 94.2%) severely changed after the operation and that they cannot chew (N = 33; 97%) and swallow (N = 33; 97%) the same as before the operation. Moreover, almost half of the patients (N = 16; 47%) reported that they have severe sleep impairments. However, only few of the included patients stated that they sought professional help regarding the speech (N = 4; 11.7%), eating (N = 5; 14.7%), and sleeping (N = 4; 11.7%) disturbances. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference between the operator and the patients in the subjective assessment of the aesthetic results (p = 0.047), as operators gave significantly better grades. Our results imply that this procedure and reconstructive method possibly cause impairments that have an impact on the patients’ wellbeing. Moreover, our outcomes also suggest that patients should be educated and rehabilitated after the “commando operation” since most of them were reluctant to seek professional help regarding their impairments. Lastly, sleep deficiency, which was observed after the procedure, should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Ivkovic
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Sleep Medicine Center, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Dinko Martinovic
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slavica Kozina
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Slaven Lupi-Ferandin
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Daria Tokic
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Mislav Usljebrka
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Marko Kumric
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Josko Bozic
- Department of Pathophysiology, University of Split School of Medicine, 21000 Split, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-21-557-871
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Pignatelli P, Romei FM, Bondi D, Giuliani M, Piattelli A, Curia MC. Microbiota and Oral Cancer as A Complex and Dynamic Microenvironment: A Narrative Review from Etiology to Prognosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158323. [PMID: 35955456 PMCID: PMC9368704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex balanced equilibrium of the bacterial ecosystems exists in the oral cavity that can be altered by tobacco smoking, psychological stressors, bad dietary habit, and chronic periodontitis. Oral dysbiosis can promote the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) through the release of toxins and bacterial metabolites, stimulating local and systemic inflammation, and altering the host immune response. During the process of carcinogenesis, the composition of the bacterial community changes qualitatively and quantitatively. Bacterial profiles are characterized by targeted sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene in tissue and saliva samples in patients with OSCC. Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, Streptococcus mitis, Fusobacterium periodonticum, Prevotella tannerae, and Prevotella intermedia are the significantly increased bacteria in salivary samples. These have a potential diagnostic application to predict oral cancer through noninvasive salivary screenings. Oral lactic acid bacteria, which are commonly used as probiotic therapy against various disorders, are valuable adjuvants to improve the response to OSCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pignatelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Caserta 6, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Federica Maria Romei
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.R.); (M.C.C.)
| | - Danilo Bondi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Michele Giuliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli 50, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy;
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, 65013 Città Saint’Angelo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Curia
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (F.M.R.); (M.C.C.)
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Sohal KS, Owibingire SS, Moshy JR, Deoglas DK, Laizer PJ, Kalyanyama BM, Sylivester E. Orofacial squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of histopathological reports of 465 patients in Tanzania. CLINICAL CANCER INVESTIGATION JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.51847/i0ghb95pws] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Li Z, Chen G, Wang P, Sun M, Zhao J, Li A, Sun Q. Alterations of the Oral Microbiota Profiles in Chinese Patient With Oral Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:780067. [PMID: 34956932 PMCID: PMC8696029 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.780067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise worldwide. An imbalance between the microorganism composition and its host may lead to the occurrence of oral malignant tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that the oral microbiota plays an important role in oral cancer; however, the association between oral microbiota and oral cancer has not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of three groups of samples from Chinese patients with oral cancer, patients with precancerous lesion, and normal individuals. In terms of microbiota richness, the oral microbiota of patients with precancerous lesions was richer than that of oral cancer patients and healthy controls, whereas in terms of microbiota diversity, there was little difference between the three groups. The three groups of samples exhibited statistically significant differences in microbiota composition and metabolic function at the family, genus, and species levels (P < 0.05). The differentially enriched phylum in oral cancer samples was Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the main differentially enriched taxa were Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Carnobacterium, and Diastella (P < 0.05). The species level was differentially enriched in Prevotella intermedia and Peptostreptococcus stomatis (p < 0.05). The prediction of microbiota function shows that oral cancer is mainly associated with coenzyme A biosynthesis, phosphopantothenic acid biosynthesis, inosine 5’-phosphate degradation, and riboflavin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the increase in C-reactive protein level in oral cancer patients was found to be closely related to P. intermedia. Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant differences between the oral cancer group and normal group. Hence, microbes can be employed as diagnostic markers and treatment targets for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital (Pingshan), Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Panpan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minglei Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Junfang Zhao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ang Li
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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23
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Toneatti DJ, Graf RR, Burkhard JP, Schaller B. Survival of dental implants and occurrence of osteoradionecrosis in irradiated head and neck cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:5579-5593. [PMID: 34401944 PMCID: PMC8443505 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This systematic review assesses dental implant survival, calculates the incidence rate of osteoradionecrosis, and evaluates risk factors in irradiated head and neck cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Various databases (e.g., Medline/Embase using Ovid) and gray literature platforms were searched using a combination of keywords and subject headings. When appropriate, meta-analysis was carried out using a random effects model. Otherwise, pooled analysis was applied. RESULTS A total of 425 of the 660 included patients received radiotherapy. In total, 2602 dental implants were placed, and 1637 were placed in irradiated patients. Implant survival after an average follow-up of 37.7 months was 97% (5% confidence interval, CI 95.2%, 95% CI 98.3%) in nonirradiated patients and 91.9% (5% CI 87.7%, 95% CI: 95.3%) after an average follow-up of 39.8 months in irradiated patients. Osteoradionecrosis occurred in 11 cases, leading to an incidence of 3% (5% CI 1.6%, 95% CI 4.9%). The main factors impacting implant survival were radiation and grafting status, while factors influencing osteoradionecrosis could not be determined using meta-analysis. CONCLUSION Our data show that implant survival in irradiated patients is lower than in nonirradiated patients, and osteoradionecrosis is-while rare-a serious complication that any OMF surgeon should be prepared for. The key to success could be a standardized patient selection and therapy to improve the standard of care, reduce risks and shorten treatment time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our analysis provides further evidence that implant placement is a feasible treatment option in irradiated head and neck cancer patients with diminished oral function and good long-term cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Jan Toneatti
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ronny Roger Graf
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - John-Patrik Burkhard
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Schaller
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland.
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24
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Verma P, Kumar A, Dixit S, Mohan K, Gupta N, Mandal G. Assessment of Relationship of ABO Blood Groups in Oral Cancer Patients - A Retrospective Study. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2021; 11:80-85. [PMID: 34522659 PMCID: PMC8407619 DOI: 10.4103/ams.ams_265_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: India is a high-risk region for oropharyngeal cancer (OC) due to high prevalence of tobacco, betel nut, and alcohol and accounts for 30% of all new cases of oral cancer annually. Materials and Methods: Records of all 73 diagnosed cases of different types of OC and oropharynx patients were analyzed who reported in “Tobacco cessation center”’ of the Institute between January 2017 and December 2019. The patients’ demographic details, blood groups, oral habits, and clinicohistological records were obtained from the medical records available in the hospital. Results: OC incidence was 3.75 cases/year with male-to-female ratio 3.29:1. Mean age was 51.25 ± 13.6 years. The most common site of tumour presentation was mandibular alveolar ridge. Combined use of tobacco/betal nut/alcohol constituted the major cause for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Majority patients were presented in Stage II (43.8%). Histopathological reports were suggestive of maximally well-differentiated (52.1%) OSCC. People with blood group A+ve had 3.22 times higher risk of developing OSCC compared to people of other blood groups. Discussion: Male: female ratio was reported higher than in most of other studies. Mandibular alveolus was the most frequent site because most of the patients tend to keep the tobacco quid in the buccal vestibule with close proximity to alveolus. The relative downregulation of glycosyl transferase that is involved in the biosynthesis of A and B antigens as seen in association with tumour development could be the reason for increased OC reported in blood group A subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradhuman Verma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology/Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmad Dental College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University Campus, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Avinash Kumar
- Department of ENT, Noida International Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shantanu Dixit
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Kratika Mohan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Institute of Dental Sciences, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nidhi Gupta
- Dental Surgeon, Combined District Hospital, Auraiya, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Gourab Mandal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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25
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Linz C, Brands RC, Kertels O, Dierks A, Brumberg J, Gerhard-Hartmann E, Hartmann S, Schirbel A, Serfling S, Zhi Y, Buck AK, Kübler A, Hohm J, Lapa C, Kircher M. Targeting fibroblast activation protein in newly diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity - initial experience and comparison to [ 18F]FDG PET/CT and MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:3951-3960. [PMID: 34050405 PMCID: PMC8484183 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose While [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) is the standard for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), diagnostic specificity is hampered by uptake in inflammatory cells such as neutrophils or macrophages. Recently, molecular imaging probes targeting fibroblast activation protein α (FAP), which is overexpressed in a variety of cancer-associated fibroblasts, have become available and might constitute a feasible alternative to FDG PET/CT. Methods Ten consecutive, treatment-naïve patients (8 males, 2 females; mean age, 62 ± 9 years) with biopsy-proven OSCC underwent both whole-body [18F]FDG and [68Ga]FAPI-04 (FAP-directed) PET/CT for primary staging prior to tumor resection and cervical lymph node dissection. Detection of the primary tumor, as well as the presence and number of lymph node and distant metastases was analysed. Intensity of tracer accumulation was assessed by means of maximum (SUVmax) and peak (SUVpeak) standardized uptake values. Histological work-up including immunohistochemical staining for FAP served as standard of reference. Results [18F]FDG and FAP-directed PET/CT detected all primary tumors with a SUVmax of 25.5 ± 13.2 (FDG) and 20.5 ± 6.4 (FAP-directed) and a SUVpeak of 16.1 ± 10.3 ([18F]FDG) and 13.8 ± 3.9 (FAP-directed), respectively. Regarding cervical lymph node metastases, FAP-directed PET/CT demonstrated comparable sensitivity (81.3% vs. 87.5%; P = 0.32) and specificity (93.3% vs. 81.3%; P = 0.16) to [18F]FDG PET/CT. FAP expression on the cell surface of cancer-associated fibroblasts in both primary lesions as well as lymph nodes metastases was confirmed in all samples. Conclusion FAP-directed PET/CT in OSCC seems feasible. Future research to investigate its potential to improve patient staging is highly warranted. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-021-05422-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roman C Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kertels
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dierks
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Brumberg
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Freiburg, Hugstetter Straße 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Elena Gerhard-Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str.2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Serfling
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Yingjun Zhi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Buck
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Hohm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany. .,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Malte Kircher
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Oberdürrbacherstr. 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.,Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Stenglinstraße 2, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
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26
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Manifar S, Koopaie M, Lahiji SS. Assessment of MicroRNA-15a and MicroRNA-16-1 Salivary Level in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients. Microrna 2021; 10:74-79. [PMID: 33970852 DOI: 10.2174/2211536610666210506125036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) includes more than 90% of malignancies of the oral cavity. Early diagnosis could effectively improve patients' quality of life and treatment outcomes of oral cancers. MicroRNAs as non-encoding genes have great potential to initiate or suppress cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that disruption of micro-RNA regulation is a common occurrence in cancers. OBJECTIVE This study set out to evaluate the expression of microRNA-15a (miR-15a) and microRNA-16-1 (miR-16-1) in the saliva of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) patients in comparison with a healthy control group. METHODS This case-control study was performed on fifteen patients with OSCC and fifteen healthy volunteers as the control group. A 5 ml of non-stimulating whole saliva was collected by spitting method from patients and controls and stored at -70oC. The expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 was investigated using quantitative Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). RESULTS MiR-15a and miR-16-1 were downregulated in OSCC patients compared with the control group (p<0.001). The sensitivity of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in differentiating OSCC patients from healthy individuals was 93.3% and 86.67%, respectively, and their specificity was 86.67% and 92.33%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of miR-15a was 90%, and miR-16-1 was 93.3%. CONCLUSION The present study showed a decrease in the relative expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in OSCC patients compared with healthy individuals. It is probable to introduce salivary values of miR-15a and miR-16-1 as a non-invasive tool for early detection of OSCC. Decreased expression of miR-15a and miR-16-1 in OSCC indicates the possible effective role of these genes in OSCC etiopathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Manifar
- Department of Oral Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Koopaie
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahab Shokouhi Lahiji
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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27
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Linz C, Brands RC, Herterich T, Hartmann S, Müller-Richter U, Kübler AC, Haug L, Kertels O, Bley TA, Dierks A, Buck AK, Lapa C, Brumberg J. Accuracy of 18-F Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomographic/Computed Tomographic Imaging in Primary Staging of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e217083. [PMID: 33881529 PMCID: PMC8060833 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.7083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity is one of the most common tumor entities worldwide. Precise initial staging is necessary to determine a diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. OBJECTIVE To examine the diagnostic accuracy of preoperative 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomographic/computed tomographic (PET/CT) imaging in detecting cervical lymph node metastases. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective diagnostic study was performed at a single tertiary reference center between June 1, 2013, and January 31, 2016. Data were analyzed from April 7, 2018, through May 31, 2019. Observers of the FDG PET/CT imaging were blinded to patients' tumor stage. A total of 150 treatment-naive patients with clinical suspicion of SCC of the oral cavity were enrolled. EXPOSURES All patients underwent FDG PET/CT imaging before local tumor resection with selective or complete neck dissection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The accuracy of FDG PET/CT in localizing primary tumor, lymph node, and distant metastases was tested. Histopathologic characteristics of the tissue samples served as the standard of reference. RESULTS Of the 150 patients enrolled, 135 patients (74 [54.8%] men) with a median age of 63 years (range, 23-88 years) met the inclusion criteria (histopathologically confirmed primary SCC of the oral cavity/level-based histopathologic assessment of the resected lymph nodes). Thirty-six patients (26.7%) in the study cohort had neck metastases. Use of FDG PET/CT detected cervical lymph node metastasis with 83.3% sensitivity (95% CI, 71.2%-95.5%) and 84.8% specificity (95% CI, 77.8%-91.9%) and had a negative predictive value of 93.3% (95% CI, 88.2%-98.5%). The specificity was higher than for contrast-enhanced cervical CT imaging (67.0%; 95% CI, 57.4%-76.7%; P < .01) and cervical magnetic resonance imaging (62.6%; 95% CI, 52.7%-72.6%; P < .001). Ipsilateral lymph node metastasis in left- or right-sided primary tumor sites was detected with 78.6% sensitivity (95% CI, 63.4%-93.8%) and 83.1% specificity (95% CI, 75.1%-91.2%), and contralateral metastatic involvement was detected with 66.7% sensitivity (95% CI, 28.9%-100.0%) and 98.6% specificity (95% CI, 95.9%-100.0%). No distant metastases were observed. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this study, FDG PET/CT imaging had a high negative predictive value in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with newly diagnosed, treatment-naive SCC of the oral cavity. Routine clinical use of FDG PET/CT might lead to a substantial reduction of treatment-related morbidity in most patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Linz
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roman C. Brands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Theresia Herterich
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Hartmann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Urs Müller-Richter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Kübler
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Plastic Surgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Haug
- Department of Pathology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olivia Kertels
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten A. Bley
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Dierks
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K. Buck
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Constantin Lapa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Nuclear Medicine, Medical Faculty University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Brumberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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28
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Saleem S, Aleem I, Atiq A, Tariq S, Babar A, Bakar MA, Syed M, Maruf M, Mahmood MT, Zeshan M, Tahseen M, Hussain R, Loya A, Sutton C. Expression of cornulin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1197. [PMID: 33889206 PMCID: PMC8043688 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1197;] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify cornulin (CRNN) protein expression associated with advancement of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). A comparison of addictive (containing potential carcinogens) versus non-addiction causative agents was expected to allow detection of differences in CRNN expression associated with TSCC. Bespoke tissue microarrays (TMAs) were prepared and immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed to determine the changes in CRNN expression in epithelial cells of node-negative (pN-), node-positive (pN+) TSCC and non-cancer patients' oral tissues. TMAs were validated by performing IHC on whole diagnostic tissues. Chi-square test or Fisher's-exact tests were used to establish significant expression differences. Analogous analyses were performed for biomarkers previously associated with TSCC, namely collagen I alpha 2 (COL1A2) and decorin (DCN) to compare the significance of CRNN. Keratinisation and its level (low, extensive) were studied in relation to CRNN so that the extent of squamous differentiation could better be assessed. IHC immunoreactive score (IRS) clustered the patients based on weak/moderate (Low (IRS ≤ +3)) or strong (High (IRS ≥ +4)) expression groups. A low expression was observed in a larger number of patients in control proteins COL1A2 (77.3%), DCN (87.5%) and target protein CRNN (52.3%), respectively. Low CRNN expression was observed in TSCC where nodes were involved (pN+: mean 1.4 ± 2.1) (p = 0.248). Keratinisation (%) was low (0% ≤ 50%) in 42.2% and extensive (1% ≥ 50.0%) in 57.8% patients. In conclusion, our study suggested that Low CRNN expression was associated with grade and lymph node metastasis in TSCC. CRNN expression is independent of addiction, however potentially carcinogenic addictive substances might be aiding in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Saleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Aleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aribah Atiq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sahrish Tariq
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Babar
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Syed
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Maruf
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahseen
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Raza Hussain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chris Sutton
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Tumbling Hill Street Bradford, BD7 1BD, United Kingdom
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29
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Saleem S, Aleem I, Atiq A, Tariq S, Babar A, Bakar MA, Syed M, Maruf M, Mahmood MT, Zeshan M, Tahseen M, Hussain R, Loya A, Sutton C. Expression of cornulin in tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Ecancermedicalscience 2021; 15:1197. [PMID: 33889206 PMCID: PMC8043688 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.1197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to identify cornulin (CRNN) protein expression associated with advancement of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). A comparison of addictive (containing potential carcinogens) versus non-addiction causative agents was expected to allow detection of differences in CRNN expression associated with TSCC. Bespoke tissue microarrays (TMAs) were prepared and immunohistochemistry (IHC) performed to determine the changes in CRNN expression in epithelial cells of node-negative (pN-), node-positive (pN+) TSCC and non-cancer patients’ oral tissues. TMAs were validated by performing IHC on whole diagnostic tissues. Chi-square test or Fisher’s-exact tests were used to establish significant expression differences. Analogous analyses were performed for biomarkers previously associated with TSCC, namely collagen I alpha 2 (COL1A2) and decorin (DCN) to compare the significance of CRNN. Keratinisation and its level (low, extensive) were studied in relation to CRNN so that the extent of squamous differentiation could better be assessed. IHC immunoreactive score (IRS) clustered the patients based on weak/moderate (Low (IRS ≤ +3)) or strong (High (IRS ≥ +4)) expression groups. A low expression was observed in a larger number of patients in control proteins COL1A2 (77.3%), DCN (87.5%) and target protein CRNN (52.3%), respectively. Low CRNN expression was observed in TSCC where nodes were involved (pN+: mean 1.4 ± 2.1) (p = 0.248). Keratinisation (%) was low (0% ≤ 50%) in 42.2% and extensive (1% ≥ 50.0%) in 57.8% patients. In conclusion, our study suggested that Low CRNN expression was associated with grade and lymph node metastasis in TSCC. CRNN expression is independent of addiction, however potentially carcinogenic addictive substances might be aiding in the disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Saleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Aleem
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aribah Atiq
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sahrish Tariq
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Babar
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abu Bakar
- Cancer Registry and Clinical Data Management, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Syed
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Maheen Maruf
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zeshan
- Basic Sciences Research, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tahseen
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Raza Hussain
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Asif Loya
- Department of Pathology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, 7-A Block R-3, Johar Town, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chris Sutton
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Tumbling Hill Street Bradford, BD7 1BD, United Kingdom
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Photodynamic Therapy for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/6641358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To assess the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), literature on this topic from Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science were obtained and analyzed. The response and recurrence rates with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using the DerSimonia–Laird method. The pooled complete response (CR) rate from the included studies was 0.799 (95% CI: 0.708–0.867), while the overall response (OR) rate was 0.967 (95% CI: 0.902–0.989). The recurrence rate (RR) was 0.158 (95% CI: 0.090–0.264). A subgroup analysis of lesion site, photosensitizer, laser type, radiant exposure, and power density revealed no statistically significant differences. In general, PDT is effective for the treatment of early OSCC. Investigations on the influence of PDT on the survival of OSCC patients, optimization of the treatment regimen, and evaluation of response after treatment are still needed.
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Roy A. Molecular docking analysis of compounds from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR. Bioinformation 2021; 17:23-28. [PMID: 34393414 PMCID: PMC8340687 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EGFR is linked with oral cancer. Therefore, it is of interest document the molecular docking analysis of compounds from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR. Data shows the binding features of five compounds 14- acetylandrographolide, andrograpanin, andrographolide, isoandrographolide and neoandrographolide from Andrographis paniculata with EGFR for further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu-600077, India
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32
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Mujawar SJ, Suchitra G, Kosandal KA, Choudhari S, Inamdar NA, Ahmed KB. Evaluation of salivary gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase as a biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma and precancerous lesions. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 24:584. [PMID: 33967513 PMCID: PMC8083403 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_73_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Oral cancer is such a common malignancy, but its manifestations are usually asymptomatic, and by the time the lesion is diagnosed its invasion is deep. This makes the survival rate poor and also the treatment rendered during such stages is extensive and debilitating. In this regard, a novel approach has been advocated in the estimation of biomarkers in the body fluids. Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT)/gamma-glutamyl transferase is an enzyme that is essential for the absorption of amino acids, especially in the degradation of glutathione. Its activity is increased in oral cancer and precancerous lesions. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the activity and concentration of GGT in precancerous and cancerous patients in comparison with normal patients and also to assess its efficacy as an effective tumor marker. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised a total of 75 patients who were categorized into three groups as normal patients (25 cases in Group A), patients with precancerous lesions (25 patients in Group B) and patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (25 cases in Group C). 5 ml of whole unstimulated saliva collection was done, it was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min and the supernatant thus obtained was used for the estimation of GGT levels. The detection was done by photometric method reading the absorbance at 405 nm. Results: Group A patients had values of GGT ranging from 4 to 30U/L with a mean of 16.7 ± 1.94U/L. Group B had activity of GGT ranging from 39 to 65 U/L with a mean of 50.4 ± 1.67U/L. In group C, the evaluated GGT activity was between 53 and 86 U/L and the mean was 70 ± 2.37 U/L. Statistical analysis using Chi-square test was conducted. Correlations between Group A and Group B and between Groups A and C showed a statistically significant relation (P < 0.005). Conclusion: Salivary gamma-glutamyl transferase activity can be used effectively as a tumor marker, and further studies with a larger sample size can be done to correlate this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Javeed Mujawar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Ameen Dental College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - G Suchitra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Al-Ameen Dental College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Kiran A Kosandal
- Department of Periodontics, Al-Ameen Dental College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Sameer Choudhari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Al-Ameen Dental College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - Nurul Ameen Inamdar
- Department of Conservative and Endodontics, Al-Ameen Dental College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
| | - K Basheer Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Al-Ameen Medical College and Hospital, Vijayapur, Karnataka, India
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Luna ECM, Bezerra TMM, Barros Silva PGD, Cavalcante RB, Costa FWG, Alves APNN, Chaves FN, Pereira KMA. CD133 Role in Oral Carcinogenesis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2501-2506. [PMID: 32986345 PMCID: PMC7779460 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: to investigate CD133 immunoexpression, cancer stem cells marker, in oral epithelial dysplasias (OEDs) and oral squamous cells carcinomas (OSCCs) and understandits possible involvement in the malignant transformation process of these lesions and to better elucidate their biological behavior. Material and methods: Tissue samples of 15 cases of OSCCs and 15 OEDs were subjected to CD133 antibody immunohistochemistry reactions. The analysis used quantitative parameters (number of immunostained cells regardless of immunostaining sublocations). Results: All samples of OSCCs and OEDs showed positive immunostaining, with no significant difference between these groups (p = 0.283). We did not observe statistical difference between the degree of dysplasia and the amount of CD133+ cells (p = 0.899). CD133 immunoexpression showed no association with the OEDs and OSCCs sites. It was observed that nuclear and cytoplasmic immunostaining was more evident with the progression of the malignant process. Conclusion: It is suggested that the CD133 cellular localization together with the histopathological criteria of OEDs classification can contribute to provide more concrete indications about the oral carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ealber Carvalho Macedo Luna
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa
- Department of Dental Clinic, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Negreiros Nunes Alves
- Department of Dental Clinic, Division of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Dentistry and Nursing, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Filipe Nobre Chaves
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará Campus Sobral, Sobral, Brazil
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Rusinovci S, Aliu X, Jukić T, Štubljar D, Haliti N. Analysis of THREE-year prevalence of oral cavity, neck and head tumors - a retrospective single-centre study. Acta Clin Croat 2020; 59:445-454. [PMID: 34177054 PMCID: PMC8212654 DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.03.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to retrospectively analyze the prevalence of oral cavity, neck and head tumors recorded at our department over a period of 3 years. Retrospective analysis included archival data on cancer patients treated at our department during the 2015-2017 period. A total of 1005 patients with proven carcinomas were selected for final analysis. Cancers were detected by ultrasound, x-ray, biopsy and clinical diagnosis. The mean age of patients was 58.4±19.3 years. The majority of cases (n=264; 26.3%) were detected in the 7th decade of life. The most common cancers were basal cell carcinoma in 374 (37.2%) and squamous cell carcinoma in 228 (22.7%) cases. The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. There was no statistically significant age difference between genders. Recurrence of tumor occurred in 31 patients. The most common risk factor in both groups was sun exposure. The most common sites were lower lip, cheek and frontal region in men, and cheek region and nose in women (p<0.001). Men were found to be more susceptible to cancer development. This study showed differences between age groups, i.e. elderly patients had a much higher probability of developing cancer as compared to younger patients.
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Effects of DSPP and MMP20 Silencing on Adhesion, Metastasis, Angiogenesis, and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134734. [PMID: 32630820 PMCID: PMC7370022 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports highlight the potential tumorigenic role of Dentin Sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) and its cognate partner Matrix Metalloproteinase 20 (MMP-20) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCCs). However, the function/mechanism of these roles is yet to be fully established. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of DSPP and MMP20 silencing on specific proteins involved in oral cancer cell adhesion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Stable lines of DSPP/MMP20 silenced OSCC cell line (OSC2), previously established via lentiviral-mediated shRNA transduction, were analyzed for the effects of DSPP, MMP20, and combined DSPP–MMP20 silencing on MMP2, MMP9, integrins αvβ3 and αvβ6, VEGF, Kallikerin- 4,-5,-8,-10, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, met, src, snail, and Twist by Western blot. Results show a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the expression of MMP2, MMP9, integrin αvβ3, αvβ6, VEGF, Kallikerins -4, -5, -8, -10, N-cadherin, vimentin met, src, snail and twist following DSPP and MMP20 silencing, individually and in combination. On the other hand, the expression of E-cadherin was found to be significantly increased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the tumorigenic effect of DSPP and MMP20 on OSC2 cells is mediated via the upregulation of the genes involved in invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT).
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36
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Li Y, Cao X, Li H. Identification and Validation of Novel Long Non-coding RNA Biomarkers for Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:256. [PMID: 32351944 PMCID: PMC7174591 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are recently emerging as a novel promising biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Despite these previous investigations, the expression pattern and diagnostic role of lncRNAs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we identified six novel lncRNA biomarkers (LINC01697, LINC02487, LOC105376575, AC005083.1, SLC8A1-AS1, and U62317.1) from a list of 29 differentially expressed lncRNAs using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method in the discovery dataset of 167 OSCC samples and 45 normal oral tissues. Using the logistic regression method, we constructed a six lncRNAs-based diagnostic risk model (6lncRNAScore) which was able to differentiate between OSCC samples and control samples with high performance with AUC of 0.995 and high diagnostic specificity of 88.9% and sensitivity of 98.2% in the discovery dataset. The diagnostic performance of the 6lncRNAScore was further validated in another two independent OSCC dataset with AUC of 0.968 and 1.0. Functional enrichment analysis for lncRNA biomarkers-related mRNAs suggested that lncRNAs biomarkers tended to be involved in the lipid metabolic process. Together, our study highlighted the importance of lncRNAs in OSCC and demonstrated the utility of lncRNA expression as a promising biomarker for early diagnosis of OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Orthodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Endodontics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Endodontics, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Stomatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Bugshan A, Farooq I. Oral squamous cell carcinoma: metastasis, potentially associated malignant disorders, etiology and recent advancements in diagnosis. F1000Res 2020; 9:229. [PMID: 32399208 PMCID: PMC7194458 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22941.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a commonly occurring head and neck cancer. It has a high prevalence in certain parts of the world, and is associated with a high mortality rate. In this review, we describe metastasis related to OSCC, and disorders that could lead to OSCC with common etiological factors. In addition, a brief account of the diagnosis of OSCC and role of salivary biomarkers in its early detection has also been highlighted. Google Scholar and PubMed search engines were searched with keywords including “oral squamous cell carcinoma”, “OSCC”, “oral cancer”, “potentially malignant disorders in oral cavity”, “etiological factors of OSCC”, “diagnosis of OSCC”, and “salivary biomarkers and OSCC” to gather the literature for this review. The review concludes that OSCC has the potential for regional as well as distant metastasis, and many potentially malignant diseases can transform into OSCC with the help of various etiological factors. Diagnosis of OSCC involves traditional biopsy, but salivary biomarkers could also be utilized for early recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Bugshan
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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38
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Goyal G. Comparison of Salivary and Serum Alkaline Phosphates Level and Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Patients with Tobacco Related Oral Lesions with Healthy Subjects - A Step Towards Early Diagnosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:983-991. [PMID: 32334459 PMCID: PMC7445986 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.4.983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate and compare salivary and serum levels of Alkaline Phosphates and Lactate Dehydrogenase in patients without the habit of tobacco, in patients with the habit of tobacco, in patients with benign oral lesions and in patients with oral premalignant lesions and oral malignant lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODOLOGY This study was comprised of 500 subjects, Group I: 100 healthy individuals without the habit of tobacco usage formed the control group. Group II: 100 patients with the habit of tobacco/ smoking consumption without any oral lesion. Group III: 100 patients with benign oral lesions. Group IV: 100 patients having the history of tobacco consumption and having apparent precancerous lesions like leukoplakia, erythroplakia. Group V:100 patients having frank oral cancer. The grade of dysplasia in these patients was statically correlated with the levels of serum and salivary ALP and LDH. RESULTS This study revealed that there was high expression of both serum and salivary ALP and LDH in group IV and Group V as compared with the other groups and mean difference showed a statistically significant p value of less than 0.01. This study revealed that the in group V, the highest level of serum and salivary ALP was found in those patients who were reported with poorly differentiated oral cancer. CONCLUSION Both Alkaline phosphates and Lactate dehydrogenase could be considered a sensitive markers for the detection of dysplasia with already existing precancancerous and cancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Goyal
- Departmen of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Genesis Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Ferozepur, Punjab, India
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The LncRNA H19 rs217727 Polymorphism Is Associated with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Susceptibility in Iranian Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1634252. [PMID: 32337223 PMCID: PMC7154967 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1634252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lack of protein-coding capacity is a main characteristic of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) which, as molecular biomarkers, have found a novel pharmacological application in cancer and are reported to be important regulators of gene expression. H19 is reportedly involved in cancer progression and tumorigenesis. One of the most common types of head and neck cancers is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the correlation of OSCC susceptibility with H19 gene in an Iranian population. This research was performed on 400 subjects of both sexes referred to the Namazi Hospital affiliated with the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). Individuals aged 15-88 years were divided into two groups: pathologically diagnosed patients with new-onset OSCC and healthy controls. After written and informed consent was obtained from the individuals, genomic DNA was extracted. The tetra-primer ARMS-PCR technique was performed for DNA genotyping by the use of specific primer pairs. The susceptibility of OSCC and H19 gene polymorphism sites was further analyzed (rs217727 and rs2107425). The allele and genotype frequencies of H19 rs2107425 polymorphism were similar between OSCC cases and controls. The H19 rs217727T allele frequency was significantly higher in OSCC cases (P = 0.002), and the polymorphism of H19 rs217727 was associated with OSCC susceptibility in the codominant (OR = 6.04, 95%CI = 1.70 − 21.42, P = 0.001 for TT genotype), dominant (OR = 1.62, 95%CI = 1.08 − 2.43, P = 0.01), and recessive (OR = 5.32, 95%CI = 1.51 − 18.69, P = 0.003) models. This study showed that rs217727 and OSCC susceptibility were statistically correlated in the Iranian population.
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Zheng HJ, Zhang CP. The Oral Microbiota May Have Influence on Oral Cancer. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 9:476. [PMID: 32010645 PMCID: PMC6974454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral microbiota plays an important role in the human microbiome and human health, and imbalances between microbes and their hosts can lead to oral and systemic diseases and chronic inflammation, which is usually caused by bacteria and contributes to cancer. There may be a relationship between oral bacteria and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC); however, this relationship has not been thoroughly characterized. Therefore, in this study, we compared the microbiota compositions between tumor sites and opposite normal tissues in buccal mucosal of 50 patients with OSCC using the 16S rDNA sequencing. Richness and diversity of bacteria were significantly higher in tumor sites than in the control tissues. Cancer tissues were enriched in six families (Prevotellaceae, Fusobacteriaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, and Campylobacteraceae) and 13 genera, including Fusobacterium, Alloprevotella and Porphyromonas. At the species level, the abundances of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Aggregatibacter segnis, Capnocytophaga leadbetteri, Peptostreptococcus stomatis, and another five species were significantly increased, suggesting a potential association between these bacteria and OSCC. Furthermore, the functional prediction revealed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis which are associated with various pathological processes, were significantly increased in the OSCC group. Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant difference between cancer sites and normal tissue of OSCC patients, which might be onsidered diagnostic markers and treatment targets. Our study has been registered in the Chinese clinical trial registry (ChiCTR1900025253, http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Jun Zheng
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Ping Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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Bhat AA, Syed N, Therachiyil L, Nisar S, Hashem S, Macha MA, Yadav SK, Krishnankutty R, Muralitharan S, Al-Naemi H, Bagga P, Reddy R, Dhawan P, Akobeng A, Uddin S, Frenneaux MP, El-Rifai W, Haris M. Claudin-1, A Double-Edged Sword in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020569. [PMID: 31952355 PMCID: PMC7013445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Claudins, a group of membrane proteins involved in the formation of tight junctions, are mainly found in endothelial or epithelial cells. These proteins have attracted much attention in recent years and have been implicated and studied in a multitude of diseases. Claudins not only regulate paracellular transepithelial/transendothelial transport but are also critical for cell growth and differentiation. Not only tissue-specific but the differential expression in malignant tumors is also the focus of claudin-related research. In addition to up- or down-regulation, claudin proteins also undergo delocalization, which plays a vital role in tumor invasion and aggressiveness. Claudin (CLDN)-1 is the most-studied claudin in cancers and to date, its role as either a tumor promoter or suppressor (or both) is not established. In some cancers, lower expression of CLDN-1 is shown to be associated with cancer progression and invasion, while in others, loss of CLDN-1 improves the patient survival. Another topic of discussion regarding the significance of CLDN-1 is its localization (nuclear or cytoplasmic vs perijunctional) in diseased states. This article reviews the evidence regarding CLDN-1 in cancers either as a tumor promoter or suppressor from the literature and we also review the literature regarding the pattern of CLDN-1 distribution in different cancers, focusing on whether this localization is associated with tumor aggressiveness. Furthermore, we utilized expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to investigate the association between CLDN-1 expression and overall survival (OS) in different cancer types. We also used TCGA data to compare CLDN-1 expression in normal and tumor tissues. Additionally, a pathway interaction analysis was performed to investigate the interaction of CLDN-1 with other proteins and as a future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaz A. Bhat
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Lubna Therachiyil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Sabah Nisar
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Sheema Hashem
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Muzafar A. Macha
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, Jammu and Kashmir 191201, India;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
| | - Roopesh Krishnankutty
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Hamda Al-Naemi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
| | - Puneet Bagga
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance and Optical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (P.B.); (R.R.)
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA;
| | - Anthony Akobeng
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar;
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar; (L.T.); (R.K.); (S.U.)
| | | | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Division of Translational Medicine, Research Branch, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (A.A.B.); (N.S.); (S.N.); (S.H.); (S.K.Y.)
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; (S.M.); (H.A.-N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4003-7407
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Nazir MA, Al-Ansari A, Abbasi N, Almas K. Global Prevalence of Tobacco Use in Adolescents and Its Adverse Oral Health Consequences. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3659-3666. [PMID: 32010395 PMCID: PMC6986508 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Smoking is associated with various systemic conditions and contributes to a huge financial burden to economies around the world. AIM: The study aimed to evaluate global data about the prevalence of tobacco use among male and female adolescents and to discuss smoking-related oral complications. METHODS: The prevalence data of tobacco use among adolescents (13-15 years) was retrieved from the World Health Organization (Global Health Observatory). The World Bank’s statistics about gross national income (GNI) per capita were used to categorise low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase databases were searched to gather updated evidence about the adverse consequences of smoking on oral health among adolescents. RESULTS: The prevalence of tobacco use was 19.33%, and there were 23.29% of male and 15.35% female smoker adolescents in 133 countries (p < 0.001). The highest prevalence of tobacco use in male (24.76%) and female (19.4) adolescents was found in high-income countries. Significantly higher proportions of male adolescents were smokers than female counterparts in low-income, lower-middle-income, and upper-middle-income (p < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences in tobacco use between male and female adolescents in high-income countries. Low-income countries had the lowest prevalence (14.95%) of tobacco use, while high-income countries had the highest prevalence estimates (22.08). Gingivitis (72.8%), gingival bleeding (51.2%), oral malodor or halitosis (39.6%) is common oral conditions among smoker adolescents. Smoking habit is significantly associated with dental caries, periodontal disease, hairy tongue, smoking-related melanosis, and hyperkeratosis among adolescents. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of tobacco use among male and female adolescents around the globe. Available evidence suggests a strong association between smoking and compromised oral health among adolescents. Globally, measures should be taken to prevent and control the menace of tobacco use to reduce systemic and oral complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashraf Nazir
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asim Al-Ansari
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabeela Abbasi
- Department of Oral Biology, Rawal Institute of Health Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Almas
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Maulina T, Hadikrishna I, Hardianto A, Sjamsudin E, Pontjo B, Yusuf HY. The therapeutic activity of curcumin through its anti-cancer potential on oral squamous cell carcinoma: A study on Sprague Dawley rat. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119875982. [PMID: 31523430 PMCID: PMC6734613 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119875982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Being the most common type of oral malignancies, oral squamous cell carcinoma is initiated by epithelial dysplasia, which can be marked by the expression of nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase 2. Curcumin has been known for its anti-cancer potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-cancer potential of curcumin on oral squamous cell carcinoma based on the expression of the nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase 2 during epithelial dysplasia stage. Methods This experimental study was performed on 35 Sprague Dawley rats at the Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Bogor Agricultural Institute, Indonesia. At the beginning of the experiments, all rats were induced by 100 µg 0.5% 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene every 2 days for the duration of 28 days. Once epithelial dysplasia stage was reached, all rats were then randomly divided into control group (that did not receive curcumin) or the experimental group (the group that received curcumin for the next 4 weeks). After 4 weeks, the histopathological examination of haematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry examination were conducted. Data were gathered and analyzed by using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. Results The results of the current study revealed that the experimental group showed significantly less nuclear factor kappa B (p < 0.01) and cyclooxygenase 2 (p = 0.03) expressions compared to the control group. Conclusion The results of the study suggested that curcumin was effective in suppressing nuclear factor kappa B and cyclooxygenase 2 expression in experimentally induced oral squamous cell carcinoma. Future studies investigating curcumin anti-cancer potential in a further stage of oral squamous cell carcinoma, as well as the involvement of other components that might improve curcumin anti-cancer potential, are of importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantry Maulina
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Indra Hadikrishna
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Andri Hardianto
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Endang Sjamsudin
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Pontjo
- Pathology Anatomy Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Harmas Yazid Yusuf
- Oral Surgery Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
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Schmidt Jensen J, Jakobsen KK, Mirian C, Christensen JT, Schneider K, Nahavandipour A, Wingstrand VL, Wessel I, Tvedskov JF, Frisch T, Christensen A, Specht L, Andersen E, Lelkaitis G, Grønhøj C, von Buchwald C. The Copenhagen Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma database: protocol and report on establishing a comprehensive oral cavity cancer database. Clin Epidemiol 2019; 11:733-741. [PMID: 31695503 PMCID: PMC6707352 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s215399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim was to establish a large comprehensive database of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) to enable surveillance and research of the disease. Methods All patients diagnosed and/or treated for OSCC at Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Denmark in the period 2000–2014 were included. Rigshospitalet is a tertiary treatment center and covers the Eastern Denmark region, comprising nearly half of the approximately 5.8 million inhabitants of Denmark. Data on numerous variables regarding general information of the patients at diagnosis, their primary cancer, recurrence, treatment, prior cancers, and secondary cancers were collected from the Danish Pathology Register and by evaluation of medical charts. Results One thousand three hundred and ninety-nine OSCC patients were included in the database (62% males). The median age at diagnosis was 63 years (range: 23–99 years). The most common anatomical location was the floor of mouth (38%). Among patients with known stage, 70.0% were diagnosed in T-stage 1 or 2 and 64.9% were diagnosed in N-stage 0. Most patients were treated with primary surgery (81.7% among patients with known treatment), of these 44% received adjuvant radiotherapy after surgery. The overall age-standardized incidence of OSCC per 100,000 increased from 2.15 in 2000 to 3.04 in 2014, with a significant annual percent change of 3.2%. Conclusion We have established a consecutive, population-based database of 1,399 OSCC patients. This creates a basis for multiple studies that will elaborate our understanding of OSCC, and hopefully improve diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of OSCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Schmidt Jensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kathrine Kronberg Jakobsen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Mirian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Julie Thor Christensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Katrine Schneider
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Arvin Nahavandipour
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Vibe Lindeblad Wingstrand
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Irene Wessel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Filtenborg Tvedskov
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Thomas Frisch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anders Christensen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Lena Specht
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Elo Andersen
- Department of Oncology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev 2730, Denmark
| | - Giedrius Lelkaitis
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Grønhøj
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian von Buchwald
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Colares N, Souza Rodrigues DF, Freitas MO, Dantas TS, Cunha MDPSS, Sousa FB, Barros Silva PGD. Smoking History Decreases Survival in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mouth: A Retrospective Study with 15 Years of Follow-up. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1781-1787. [PMID: 31244300 PMCID: PMC7021610 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of smoking history on the clinical-pathological, sociodemographic and prognostic characteristics of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with the records of 136 smokers with SCC and 68 nonsmokers with oral SCC who were diagnosed and treated at Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital (2000-2014). Data on patient sex, age, race, education level, tumor location, tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis, treatment type, marital status, method of health care access (public or private health systems) and overall survival (15 years) were analyzed by the X² test, Mantel-Cox tests and multinomial and Cox logistic regression models (SPSS 20.0, p <0.05). Results: Smoking history was directly associated with male sex (p <0.001), low levels of education (p = 0.001), tumors of the mouth and palate (p = 0.001), stage T3/4 tumors (p = 0.014), lymph node metastasis (N+) (p = 0.024), palliative treatment (p = 0.024) and receiving health care through the public health system (p = 0.006), with education level being the only independently associated factor (p = 0.039). Lower survival was observed in patients who were smokers (p = 0,002), with low levels of education (p = 0.001), who had stage T3/4 tumors (p = 0.004), with N+ (p = 0.021), and had received palliative treatment (p = 0.002). Age (>65 years old, p = 0.015) and T staging (T3/4, p = 0.033) decreased the survival of SCC patients regardless of the other factors. Conclusions: Smoking history had an independent association with low education level and a history of alcoholism, and survival was negatively associated with older age and larger tumor size, which were more prevalent in smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Colares
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel 133, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Thinali Sousa Dantas
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel 133, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | | | - Fabrício Bitu Sousa
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel 133, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. ,Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Ceará Cancer Institute, Rua Papi Júnior, 1222, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus, Rua João Adolfo Gurgel 133, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. ,Haroldo Juaçaba Hospital, Ceará Cancer Institute, Rua Papi Júnior, 1222, Rodolfo Teófilo, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Menaka TR, Vasupradha G, Ravikumar SS, Dhivya K, Dinakaran J, Saranya V. Evaluation of salivary alkaline phosphatase levels in tobacco users to determine its role as a biomarker in oral potentially malignant disorders. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019; 23:344-348. [PMID: 31942112 PMCID: PMC6948055 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_317_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated salivary alkaline phosphatase (S-ALP) levels have been observed in oral squamous cell carcinoma, but its status in tobacco users and in individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) is less explored. Aims and Objectives The aims and objectives were to estimate and compare the levels of S-ALP among tobacco users, nonusers and in individuals with OPMD. Materials and Methods The study population comprised 42 individuals, categorized into four groups with/without tobacco usage habit and with/without lesion. 5 ml of unstimulated saliva sample was collected, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 min and supernatant separated. S-ALP was estimated in the supernatant by using kinetic photometric method in an automatic analyzer. Results Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The mean S-ALP was 18.00 IU/L for normal individuals without tobacco usage, 4.60 IU/L for smokers without lesion, 7.50 IU/L for tobacco chewers without any lesion and 64.90 IU/L for individuals with OPMD. The mean difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001) using Kruskal-Wallis' ANOVA. No statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) was obtained in the S-ALP levels between tobacco users and nonusers and between smokers and tobacco chewers, using Mann-Whitney U-test. S-ALP levels in individuals with OPMD were statistically significantly higher (P < 0.001) than those without lesions, with or without tobacco usage habit, using Mann-Whitney U-test. Conclusion We conclude that S-ALP could be used as a reliable noninvasive biomarker in monitoring OPMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Menaka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Vasupradha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Shamala Ravikumar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Dhivya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - J Dinakaran
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Saranya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Adhiparasakthi Dental College and Hospital, Melmaruvathur, Tamil Nadu, India
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