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Dhayihi TM, Haqawi NF, Hakami SA, Harthi FM, Moafa SH, Alawi YM, Abutaleb YB, Areshy NI, Hendi AM. Knowledge and Practice toward DEXA Scan among Women in Jazan City, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1459. [PMID: 39120162 PMCID: PMC11311830 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12151459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Osteoporosis, characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk, presents a significant public health challenge. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scans offer a reliable means of assessing bone mineral density (BMD) and detecting osteoporosis. The aim of this study is to assess awareness, attitude, and practice of women in the Jazan region toward DEXA scan. Methods: Data were collected through a self-administered online questionnaire. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 29.0. The total knowledge scores of participants were calculated to assess potential associations with sociodemographic data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 400 women, 230 (57.5%) had low knowledge scores primarily due to poor knowledge of the DEXA scan procedure. Merely 39 women had undergone a DEXA scan mainly due to medical prescription (n = 22, 56.4%). Total knowledge scores were significantly higher among women with high monthly incomes (p = 0.019) and those working in medical-related jobs (p = 0.017). Conclusions: This study underscores the need for targeted interventions to improve awareness of DEXA scans among women in Jazan City. Additionally, the findings suggest that socioeconomic factors may influence awareness levels, emphasizing the importance of tailored educational strategies to reach diverse demographics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki M. Dhayihi
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (N.F.H.); (S.A.H.); (F.M.H.); (S.H.M.); (Y.M.A.); (Y.B.A.); (N.I.A.); (A.M.H.)
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Almaddah M, Alzahrani F, Gaowgzeh R, Alqarni A, Othman R, Gmmash A. Knowledge and Awareness of Osteoporosis: A Survey of Physical Therapy Providers in Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pract 2024; 2024:2797382. [PMID: 38529258 PMCID: PMC10963116 DOI: 10.1155/2024/2797382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis "OP" is classified as one of the most serious health conditions worldwide. OP increases the skeletal fracture risk by 35%, particularly at hip, spine, and wrist joints. Healthcare professionals should be aware of OP clinical signs and have good knowledge while managing all patients. Objectives This study aims to investigate the current level of osteoporosis knowledge and awareness among physical therapy providers in Saudi Arabia. Methods One hundred and sixty-eight physical therapy providers participated in this cross-sectional electronic survey from February to July of 2021. The participants completed the Osteoporosis Knowledge Assessment Tool questionnaire (OKAT). Descriptive analysis was utilized to assess the current level of osteoporosis knowledge among physical therapy providers. Results Among the 168 participants, 55% (n = 92) were over 31 years old and 45% (n = 76) were 30 years old or under. The majority of participants 37% (n = 62) had more than 10 years of experience, 45% (n = 76) mainly treat orthopedic conditions, and 70% (n = 117) live in the western region. The results showed that 67.9% (n = 114) of participants had good knowledge about osteoporosis, while 19.6% (n = 33) had poor knowledge, and only 12.5% (n = 21) had excellent knowledge. Conclusion Physical therapy providers in Saudi Arabia have a good knowledge of osteoporosis. The overall OP preventive measure knowledge questions were poor. It is crucial for physical therapy providers to act appropriately to prevent falls and mitigate any potential risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muataz Almaddah
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alzahrani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - RiziqAllah Gaowgzeh
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alqarni
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rani Othman
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Gmmash
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ibrahim HA, Nahari MH, Al-khadher MA, Ismail NI, Elgzar WT. Gender Disparities in Osteoporosis Knowledge, Health Beliefs and Preventive Behaviors in Najran City, Saudi Arabia. Nutrients 2023; 15:3658. [PMID: 37630848 PMCID: PMC10457756 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a chronic bone disease affecting both men and women, but it is more prevalent in women. Promoting a healthy lifestyle among adults, particularly women, is crucial in preventing and reducing the osteoporosis impact. This study aimed to compare the osteoporosis knowledge, health beliefs and preventive behaviors among adult male and female in Najran city Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was performed on 516 males and 581 females in Najran City, Saudi Arabia, from January to April 2023. The data collection instrument is a self-reported online questionnaire consisting of basic data, the Osteoporosis Preventive Behavior (OPB) scale, the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool, and the osteoporosis health belief scale. The results revealed that male participants had a higher OPB (26.70) than females (20.32). However, females have a higher knowledge (10.71), perceive themselves as more susceptible to osteoporosis (20.34) and had higher exercise barriers (20.11) compared to males (9.97, 18.79 and 19.20, respectively). Statistically significant correlations (p < 0.001) were observed between OPB, osteoporosis knowledge (r = 0.26), perceived susceptibility (r = 0.33), severity (r = 0.53), exercise (r = 0.54) and calcium (r = 0.33) benefits, exercise (r = 0.40) and calcium (r = 0.81) barriers and health motivation (r = 0.37). The study concluded significant disparities between males and females regarding osteoporosis-related knowledge, preventive behaviors, perceived susceptibility, severity, and exercise perceived barriers. The results suggest gender-based educational interventions to enhance OPB by addressing osteoporosis-related knowledge, perceived susceptibility, seriousness, benefits, and health motivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. Ibrahim
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed H. Nahari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mugahed A. Al-khadher
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nemat I. Ismail
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, Nursing College, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Wafaa T. Elgzar
- Department of Maternity and Childhood Nursing, Nursing College, Najran University, Najran 66441, Saudi Arabia;
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Hussain SIB, AlKhenizan A, Mahmoud A, Qashlaq H. The correlation between vitamin B12 and folate levels and bone mineral density among the Saudi population in a primary care setting. J Family Med Prim Care 2023; 12:1063-1068. [PMID: 37636170 PMCID: PMC10451589 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1209_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bone health and osteoporosis are significant health problems in Saudi Arabia. Approximately 40%-50% of women and 25%-33% of men sustain osteoporotic fractures in their lifetimes. Hence, identifying the risk factors for osteoporosis is crucial in reducing the incidence of fractures. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 557 patients (female 60%, male 40%) aged ≥18 years (mean age, 66.53 years [standard deviation ± 14.169]) who underwent bone mineral density (BMD) scans at the Department of Family Medicine & Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre (KFSH&RC) between January 2004 and June 2019. Data collected included demographics, BMD values, vitamin B12 levels, and folate levels. Results This study indicated that the prevalence rates of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies among the study population were 8.4% and 1.3%, respectively. There was a statistically significant association between vitamin B12 levels and fracture risk (P =0.044). However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between BMD at either site (lumbar spine or femoral neck) and vitamin B12 (P =0.926.,070) and folate levels (P =.683.,79). BMD showed a significant positive correlation with body mass index at the lumbar spine and femoral neck (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant association between vitamin B12 levels and the use of metformin (P =.26). Conclusion Vitamin B12 is associated with fracture risk; however, vitamin B12 and folate levels are not correlated to BMD (femoral neck and lumbar spine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Bin Hussain
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlKhenizan
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mahmoud
- Department of Family Medicine and Polyclinics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Qashlaq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aldukhayel A. Prevalence and patterns of bone mineral density disorders among women in Buraidah, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:348-355. [PMID: 37102077 PMCID: PMC10124114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Bone mineral density (BMD) disorders are disorders of bone mineralization in which bone density is reduced (T score <-1). BMD causes health and social burdens on individuals and communities. This study estimated the prevalence and determined the patterns of BMD disorders among women in Buraidah, KSA. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 342 women visiting the DEXA Scanning Center in Buraidah. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan was used to measure the BMD, and cutoffs were defined based on World Health Organization criteria: normal = T score >-1, osteopenia = T score <-1 to >-2.5, and osteoporosis = T score ≤-2.5. Sociodemographic and health-related data were collected. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of various participant characteristics with BMD disorders. Results The mean age of the participants was 61.2 ± 7.54 years. The overall prevalence of BMD disorders was 76%, of whom 42% had osteopenia, 24% had both osteoporosis and osteopenia, and 10% had osteoporosis. Body mass index, menopause, hypertension, oral hypoglycemics, and calcium supplementation were significant predictors of BMD disorders. Conclusions The high prevalence of BMD disorders among women in KSA necessitates establishing and strengthening osteoporosis prevention programs to ensure healthy aging among women in KSA. Large-scale community-based studies are needed to accurately estimate the burden and risk factors of BMD disorders in the community.
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"Double Cross Sign" Could Be an Indicator of an Adequate Amount of Bone Cement in Kyphoplasty with the SpineJack System: A Retrospective Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123068. [PMID: 36553075 PMCID: PMC9777429 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyphoplasty with the SpineJack system was able to restore vertebral height and stabilize the vertebra with an injection of bone cement. The goal of this study was to seek a reliable assessing method during the surgery in determining the minimum amount of bone cement required for the SpineJack system to restore vertebral height and stabilize the vertebra. We defined the “double cross sign” as bone cement that expanded vertically along the bilateral SpineJack system, and spread across the midline of the vertebral body as viewed in the anteroposterior (AP) view of the radiographic image. Sixty-five patients aged 74.5 ± 8.5 years with vertebral compression fracture were included in the study. Patients with a positive double cross sign had better ODI score than those without the double cross sign (20.0 ± 6.9 vs. 32.3 ± 8.2; p < 0.001). Postoperative regional kyphotic and local kyphotic angle were significantly better in the positive double cross sign group (11 ± 8.8 degrees vs. 5.3 ± 3.2 degrees; p = 0.001/11.7 ± 6.2 degrees vs. 6.6 ± 4.1 degrees; p = 0.001, respectively). The more stable construct was built once the double cross sign was achieved during surgery. In this study, a convenient and intuitive method in identifying the minimum but sufficient quantity of injected cement during the SpineJack procedure was developed.
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Munia Abdulmowla M, Khalid Z. The Prevalence of Osteoporosis and Osteopenia Among Older Adults in a Community-Based Setting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e32765. [PMID: 36694513 PMCID: PMC9858881 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a disease of bone density. It makes bones fragile and easy to break. Fragility fractures can cause significant morbidity, mortality, poor quality of life, and financial stress on medical care. Osteoporosis is overlooked and undertreated. Saudi Arabia issued a national plan promoting the early diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. Few and old studies are available in Saudi Arabia estimating the prevalence of osteoporosis in the Saudi older adult population. The aim of this study is to measure the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia among older adult patients. Methodology This retrospective cross-sectional study is based on data gathered from patients ≥60 years of age. Data were collected from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2021, for patients who were attending family medicine clinics at King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, who were screened using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Patients who have secondary causes of osteoporosis were excluded. Results A total of 1,302 patients were studied during the course of data collection. The mean age was 68.26. Out of the studied subjects, 75% were female and 25% were males. The prevalence of osteoporosis was 8.2% and 11.8% in femoral and lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) results, respectively. The prevalence of osteopenia based on femoral and lumbar BMD results was 50.2% and 41.2%, respectively. Conclusion Osteoporosis and osteopenia are prevalent in the Saudi older adult population. Multiple clinical characteristics have been associated with low bone density disease. Thus, it is important to reinforce primary care physicians' efforts for early screening and treatment of the Saudi older adult population based on their clinical and demographic risk factors.
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Al Taei T, Sarwani O, Almalki H, Alameer M, Ali N, Alomani N, Alyusuf Z, Hasan W, Maki R, Al Mail S. Osteoporosis Among Bahraini Women Based on Bone Mineral Density Measurements: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e31368. [PMID: 36514635 PMCID: PMC9741857 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.31368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective is to estimate the prevalence of osteoporosis among women in Bahrain who are aged ≥18 years. Methods In this retrospective study conducted at Salmaniya Medical Complex, a total of 590 Bahraini women were enrolled. Their bone mineral density measurements were obtained through dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) performed between January 2017 and December 2017. Six sites were chosen as the measurement targets. Patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis if their T-score was > -2.5 according to the World Health Organization guidelines. Results Osteoporosis was diagnosed in 27.1% of the patients; 53.2% had osteopenia, 0.3% had severe osteoporosis, and 19.3% had normal bone conditions. The prevalence of osteopenia as well as osteoporosis increased with age. Conclusion Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common among Bahraini women. This study provides useful information on the prevalence of osteoporosis among Bahraini women. Major steps by health authorities in the country are needed to reduce morbidity and improve the quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Al Taei
- Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Busaiteen, BHR
| | | | | | | | - Naeema Ali
- Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
| | | | | | - Wafa Hasan
- Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
| | - Reem Maki
- Radiology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Manama, BHR
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Influence of Vitamin D Consumption on Bone Mineral Density Among Saudi Women in Jeddah Not Taking Supplements. TOP CLIN NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/tin.0000000000000293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Al-Daghri NM, Yakout S, Ghaleb A, Hussain SD, Sabico S. Iron and 25-hydroxyvitamin D in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:1387-1405. [PMID: 35422903 PMCID: PMC8991132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iron and vitamin D deficiencies are some of the most common health problems in the world. Iron is essential in oxygen transport and participates in many enzymatic systems in the body, with important roles in vitamin D metabolism. Osteoporosis is one of the most prevalent chronic disease of the elderly in the world as well as in the Saudi population. The relationship between iron, vitamin D deficiency and bone health comes from clinical observations in iron overload patients who suffered bone loss. The opposite scenario, whether iron and vitamin D deficiencies affect bone metabolism, has not been fully addressed. This is of great interest, as this nutrient deficiency is a worldwide public health problem and at the same time osteoporosis and bone alterations are highly prevalent. The relationship between 25(OH)D and iron deficiencies with osteoporosis is unknown up to date. This review presents the current knowledge on nutritional iron and vitamin D deficiencies in bone remodeling, and discuss the link between iron and bone metabolism among postmenopausal women. Finally, it is hypothesized that chronic iron and vitamin D deficiencies induces bone resorption and risk of osteoporosis, thus complete recovery from anemia and its prevention should be promoted in order to improve quality of life including bone health. Several mechanisms are implicated; hence, further investigation on the possible impact of iron and vitamin D deficiencies on the development of osteoporosis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sobhy Yakout
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Ghaleb
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Danish Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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AlAnazi SM, AlKhamali AA, AlAteeq MA. Practice of Family Physicians in the Management of Osteoporosis Among Older Female Patients at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2022; 14:e22387. [PMID: 35371702 PMCID: PMC8936228 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.22387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is one of the major worldwide health concerns and carries medical, social, and financial impacts due to its significant morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to explore the practice of family physicians in osteoporosis management in older female patients. Method This study was performed in a cross-sectional manner. Data, including patient and disease characteristics and management practices, were obtained from the electronic patient chart for female patients aged 60 years and older who were followed in family medicine clinics at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during the period from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2020. Management was checked and evaluated against osteoporosis management guidelines. Results In 42 patients out of 250, an osteoporosis diagnosis was missed. Among the 208 charts that were reviewed, the mean patient age was 72.06 years, and the mean duration of the disease according to the initial dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan was 3.68 years. Laboratory tests were performed for only about half of the patients. Vitamin D was given only to 54.3% while calcium supplements were given only to 53.4%. Almost one-third of the patients have not been prescribed any antiosteoporosis medications. Conclusion The current study documented that older females with osteoporosis were not well-managed in the investigated family medicine settings. Continuous professional development activities and periodic practice reviews are suggested to improve this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amani A AlKhamali
- Family Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mohammed A AlAteeq
- Family Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Mahzari M, Alibrahim A, Alghamdi N, Alsadhan M, Almoamary S, Masuadi E, Al Shahrani A. Prevalence and risk factors of osteoporosis in saudi end-stage renal disease patients on hemodialysis. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 10:259-265. [PMID: 36247063 PMCID: PMC9555032 DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_639_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Objective: Methods: Results: Conclusion:
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Anupama DS, Noronha JA, Acharya KKV, Prabhu MM, Shetty J, Shankar R, Nayak BS. Burden of Osteopenia and Osteoporosis Among Postmenopausal Women in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Midlife Health 2022; 13:107-114. [PMID: 36276622 PMCID: PMC9583365 DOI: 10.4103/jmh.jmh_207_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major public health problem around the world. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in India. Materials and Methods This review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We identified relevant studies through a search of literature published from 2010 to January 2021 in the databases PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, CINHAL, and PEDro databases. We searched for cross-sectional studies involving India that were published in English. Results There was a total of 1631 hits in the initial search and out of which 60 studies were selected for full-text review. Twelve studies were selected for qualitative analysis. Excluded studies were 48 with reasons: 20 studies had included other diseases such as knee arthritis, celiac diseases, diabetes mellitus, and kidney diseases. Eleven studies included premenopausal women, young adults, and men. Ten studies outcomes were different, and seven studies were excluded as they have done retrospective analysis and were commentaries. The pooled prevalence of osteoporosis at the lumbar spine region was 29%, the hip region was 6% and the femoral neck region was 29% whereas the pooled prevalence of osteopenia at the lumbar spine region was 37%, the hip was 6%, and femoral neck region was 37%. Conclusion This systematic review found that postmenopausal women are at significant risk of developing low bone mineral density, and the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was high in the lumbar area.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. S. Anupama
- Department of OBG Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Judith Angelitta Noronha
- Department of OBG Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Judith Angelitta Noronha, Department of OBG Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal - 576 104, Karnataka, India. E-mail:
| | - Kiran K. V. Acharya
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mukhyaprana M Prabhu
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Jyothi Shetty
- Department of OBG, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Baby S. Nayak
- Department of Paediatric Nursing, Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Ansari MGA, Mohammed AK, Wani KA, Hussain SD, Alnaami AM, Abdi S, Aljohani NJ, Al-Daghri NM. Vitamin D Receptor Gene Variants Susceptible to Osteoporosis in Arab Post-Menopausal Women. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:1325-1334. [PMID: 34698098 PMCID: PMC8929051 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-menopausal osteoporosis (PMO) is a multifactorial bone disorder in elderly women. Various vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene variants have been studied and associated with osteoporosis in other populations, but not in a homogenous Arab ethnic group. Herein, the current study explores the association between VDR polymorphisms and susceptibility to osteoporosis in Saudi postmenopausal women. In total, 600 Saudi postmenopausal women (N = 300 osteoporosis; N = 300 control) were genotyped for VDR gene variants (rs7975232, rs1544410, rs731236) using TaqMan® SNP genotyping assays. Bone mineral density (BMD) for the lumbar spine and femur was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The heterozygous frequency distributions AC of rs7975232, CT of rs1544410, and AG of rs731236 were significantly higher in the osteoporosis group than controls (p < 0.05). Heterozygous AC of rs7975232 (1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.3; p < 0.023), CT of rs1544410 (1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.4; p < 0.022), and AG of rs731236 (1.6; 95% CI 1.1–2.4; p < 0.024) were significantly associated with increased risk of osteoporosis, independent of age and BMI. In conclusion, VDR gene variants rs7975232, rs1544410, rs731236 had a significant effect on BMD and were associated with osteoporosis risk in Saudi postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed. G. A. Ansari
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Abdul Khader Mohammed
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kaiser A. Wani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Syed D. Hussain
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Abdullah M. Alnaami
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
| | - Saba Abdi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naji J. Aljohani
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
- Obesity, Endocrine, and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 59046, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.G.A.A.); (A.K.M.); (K.A.W.); (S.D.H.); (A.M.A.); (N.J.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-1-4675939
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15
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Abdulkhaliq A, Cheikh M, Almuntashri F, Alzahrani H, Nadwi H, Kadi E, Abed M, Janaini M, Monjed A, Janoudi N, Almoallim H. A Comparison of Demographics, Disease Activity, Disability, and Treatment Among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with and without Osteoporosis. Open Access Rheumatol 2021; 13:275-283. [PMID: 34548823 PMCID: PMC8449680 DOI: 10.2147/oarrr.s318810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) is one of the most common comorbidities associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Literatures reported that the risk for developing OP was strongly associated with duration and severity of RA. We aim to elaborate on the consequences of OP on disease activity and management plan in patients with RA. Patients and Methods A retrospective cohort study recruited 408 patients, including those with RA alone and with RA plus OP. The RA disease activity in the patients was assessed using disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28-CRP). A statistical analysis was performed to compare data between the two groups of patients and determine any significant risk factor associated with the development of OP in RA patients. Results Of 408 patients who were included in this study, 353 patients (86.5%) had only RA, while 55 patients (13.5%) had RA with OP and showed significant difference (P = 0.04) concerning age categories. Patients diagnosed with RA and OP had RA duration longer than RA-only patients (independent t-test, P = 0.01). The two groups had almost similar disease activity at the three clinical visits, as well, had nearly similar disability at their first visit, whereas RA with OP patients had significant greater disability at their 2nd and 3rd visits (independent t-test, P = 0.001). Both groups were treated with the same biologic and non-biologic medication of similar frequency, although RA patients with OP received steroid more frequently than patients had RA only (61.7% vs. 41.7%, chi square test, P = 0.03). Conclusion There was no significant difference in disease activity at both groups of patients. However, RA with OP group had longer duration of RA, were more frequently treated with steroids, and had greater disability. We recommend physicians focus on controlling RA disease activity, early screening for and treating of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Abdulkhaliq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Cheikh
- Internal Medicine Department, Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almuntashri
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haneen Alzahrani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Nadwi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eithar Kadi
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mutasem Abed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Murad Janaini
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Monjed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahed Janoudi
- Internal Medicine Department, Doctor Soliman Fakeeh Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Almoallim
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Alzaidi Chair of Research in Rheumatic Diseases, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Huang L, Zhang C, Xu J, Wang W, Yu M, Jiang F, Yan L, Dong F. Function of a Psychological Nursing Intervention on Depression, Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Older Adult Patients With Osteoporotic Fracture. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2021; 18:290-298. [PMID: 34231962 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporotic fracture is a serious complication of osteoporosis. The long-term therapy process and the heavy restriction to physical activities give rise to a psychological burden on osteoporotic fracture patients, especially older adult patients. Psychological nursing interventions significantly alleviate negative emotional reactions in cancer patients. This research aimed to investigate the function of psychological nursing interventions in the reduction of depression and anxiety and the improvement of quality of life in older adult patients with osteoporotic fracture. METHODS Osteoporotic fracture patients (n = 106) were divided into control group (n = 53) or intervention group (n = 53). In the control group, the participants were given conventional nursing care. In the intervention group, the participants were given psychological nursing interventions. Anxiety, depression, and quality of life were evaluated and compared between the two groups. RESULTS After 5 weeks of psychological nursing intervention, the anxiety and depression scores significantly decreased in the intervention group. The Mental Function in Quality of Life Questionnaire of the European Foundation for Osteoporosis score also decreased in the intervention group. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Psychological nursing interventions alleviate anxiety and depression in older adult osteoporotic fracture patients and enhance their mental function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Huang
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiting Zhang
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miao Yu
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fusong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital East Affiliated to Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Fanghui Dong
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Alqahtani GM, Alghamdi AM. Assessment of osteoporosis knowledge among adult Saudi females attending the family medicine department at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:1209-1214. [PMID: 34041153 PMCID: PMC8140219 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1810_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by loss of bone mineral density, deterioration of bone structure, bone fragility, and it is associated with high risk of fractures. The prevalence of osteoporosis among Saudis is estimated to be 34% in females and 30.7% in males. The aim of this study was to know the level of knowledge about osteoporosis among Saudi females at Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. We used the osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) for data collection. The survey assessed the understanding of symptoms and fracture risk, risk factors, treatment availability and preventive factors for osteoporosis. Results The overall knowledge of our 376 participants was good with a mean score of (66%). Participants had more knowledge about the symptoms and fracture risk and the preventive factors such as physical activity and diet compared to the other subscales of the OKAT. There was a significant difference between the knowledge of younger and older females (>40 yrs.), where younger females had lower scores on the OKAT. Conclusion This study showed that knowledge about osteoporosis was good among females attending the family medicine clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. However, younger females were less knowledgeable, which means that more effort should be made to increase the awareness about osteoporosis especially among the younger females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada M Alqahtani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Alghamdi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Fathala AL, Alkulaybi S, Khawaji A, Alomari A, Almuhaideb A. The association between low bone mineral density and coronary artery calcification in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients in a tertiary center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med 2021; 41:101-108. [PMID: 33818146 PMCID: PMC8020646 DOI: 10.5144/0256-4947.2021.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and osteoporosis are major health-care concerns worldwide. The evidence is contradictory on whether a relationship exists between low bone mineral density (BMD) determined by dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA scan) and coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured by computed tomography. Currently, there are no data on patients from Saudi Arabia. OBJECTIVE Examine the relationship between CAC and BMD in both genders and study the influence of traditional coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors and osteoporosis. DESIGN Retrospective, cross-sectional, analytical. SETTING Single tertiary care center. PATIENTS AND METHODS We searched radiology databases for patients who underwent both DXA and CAC score scanning within six months of each other. The inclusion criterion was an absence of any history of CAD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Association between osteoporosis and CAC. SAMPLE SIZE 195 (34 osteoporosic, 161 normal BMD or osteopenic) RESULTS: Most of the study population (57.4%) were females. The mean age of all patients was 63.6 (10.1) years. Participants with CAC scores of 0 were significantly younger than those who had CAC scores >0. The presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia was higher in patients with CAC scores >0. CAC score and other CAD risk factors were not significantly different between the osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic groups, except for body mass index. A high CAC score (>100) was present in 28%, 20%, 11%, and 30% of participants with no osteoporosis, osteoporosis of the lumbar spine, osteoporosis of the femoral neck, and participants with osteoporosis of both the lumbar spine and femoral neck, respectively (P=.762), suggesting there is no association between CAC and the presence of osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis is not associated with higher CAC scores in Saudi Arabia and CAD risk factors are not significantly prevalent in osteoporosis. It appears that CAC and osteoporosis are independent age-related diseases that share common risk factors. LIMITATIONS Single-center, retrospective. CONFLICT OF INTEREST None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed L Fathala
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Alkulaybi
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Khawaji
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelghafour Alomari
- From the Department of Family Medicine, Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Almuhaideb
- From the Department of Radiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Younes N, Syed N, Yadav SK, Haris M, Abdallah AM, Abu-Madi M. A Whole-Genome Sequencing Association Study of Low Bone Mineral Density Identifies New Susceptibility Loci in the Phase I Qatar Biobank Cohort. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010034. [PMID: 33430342 PMCID: PMC7825795 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone density disorders are characterized by a reduction in bone mass density and strength, which lead to an increase in the susceptibility to sudden and unexpected fractures. Despite the serious consequences of low bone mineral density (BMD) and its significant impact on human health, most affected individuals may not know that they have the disease because it is asymptomatic. Therefore, understanding the genetic basis of low BMD and osteoporosis is essential to fully elucidate its pathobiology and devise preventative or therapeutic approaches. Here we sequenced the whole genomes of 3000 individuals from the Qatar Biobank and conducted genome-wide association analyses to identify genetic risk factors associated with low BMD in the Qatari population. Fifteen variants were significantly associated with total body BMD (p < 5 × 10−8). Of these, five variants had previously been reported by and were directionally consistent with previous genome-wide association study data. Ten variants were new: six intronic variants located at six gene loci (MALAT1/TALAM1, FASLG, LSAMP, SAG, FAM189A2, and LOC101928063) and four intergenic variants. This first such study in Qatar provides a new insight into the genetic architecture of low BMD in the Qatari population. Nevertheless, more studies are needed to validate these findings and to elucidate the functional effects of these variants on low BMD and bone fracture susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadin Younes
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (N.S.); (S.K.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Santosh K. Yadav
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (N.S.); (S.K.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Biomedical Informatics Division, Sidra Medicine, Doha 26999, Qatar; (N.S.); (S.K.Y.); (M.H.)
| | - Atiyeh M. Abdallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Marawan Abu-Madi
- Biomedical Research Center, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences-QU Health, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit-QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +974-4403-7578; Fax: +974-4403-4801
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20
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Al-Otaibi ML, Alshumrani GA. Western-designed total knee implants mismatch Saudi patient knees. Anatomical bony measurements documented by computed tomography. Saudi Med J 2020; 41:1227-1233. [PMID: 33130843 PMCID: PMC7804227 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2020.11.25467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the anthropometric features of Saudi knees compared with knees of other ethnicities and reveal mismatches among different knee implant systems. Methods: All knee computed tomography images obtained between January 2016 and September 2016 for varying medical reasons in a tertiary care hospital in Southwestern Saudi Arabia were retrospectively evaluated. Patients aged <18 years, with trauma or soft tissue or bone tumors were excluded. Eleven parameters were measured for each knee joint. Results: We evaluated 100 knees of 50 Saudi patients (25 men, 25 women) aged 28-85 (mean, 57.3) years. No statistically significant differences were found in age and Sasaki angle measurements between male and female patients. All other parameters were significantly larger in male than female knees. Our measurements were close to those published for Chinese, Thai, and Korean patients; however, published measurements were larger for Caucasian and Indian knees than our measurements. Conclusion: The Saudi population has morphological features of knee bone anatomy that do not match with the widely available prostheses designed for Caucasian knees. As several studies of different ethnicities have documented considerable prosthesis mismatch; our study further indicates the need for new implant designs that take these variations into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed L Al-Otaibi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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21
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Sadat-Ali M, Mattar ME. Osteoporosis among Bahraini Citizens: The First Report. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2020; 10:164-166. [PMID: 33088737 PMCID: PMC7534718 DOI: 10.4103/ijabmr.ijabmr_102_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Osteoporosis and its complications are increasing as the population is aging world over. Every country needs an initial assessment of prevalence to take appropriate steps in limiting the complications of osteoporosis. The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of osteoporosis in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Methods We retrospectively reviewed dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans of patients who underwent scans for the diagnosis of osteoporosis between January 2016 and December 2017 at the University Medical Center, King Abdullah Medical City, Dr. Sulaiman AlHabib Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain. The data were collected from the picture archiving and communication system for the study period. Patients' medical records were reviewed for the investigations and treatment ordered. The data were entered into the database and analyzed using SPSS Inc., version 19. Results A total of 205 patients with an average age of 58.39 ± 12.12 years were included in the study. There were 185 (90.25%) females and 20 (9.75%) males. Seventy-nine (38.5%) were osteoporotic based on the T score of either at the hip (-< 2.61 ± 1.08) or the spine (-< 3.26 ± 0.78), with a mean age of 60.8 ± 13.1 years. Seventy-two (91.1%) of the osteoporotic patients were female and 42 (58.4%) were ≥65 years. Patients who were osteoporotic were significantly older with P < 0.001. There were 9 patients (4.39%) who had osteoporosis-related fractures. Conclusions This study indicates that the prevalence of osteoporosis is common among Bahraini citizens. As the country's total population is <1.2 million, it will not be difficult to target the ≥65-year-old men and women in early diagnosis and treatment to prevent osteoporosis-related fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sadat-Ali
- Presently Consultant Orthopaedic Surgeon, Awali Hospital, Awali, Kingdom of Bahrain.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Previously at University Medical Center, King Abdallah Medical City, Arabian, Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman AlHabib Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Mai E Mattar
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, King Abdallah Medical City, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman AlHabib Hospital, Kingdom of Bahrain
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22
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Al-Saleh Y, Al-Daghri NM, Sabico S, Alessa T, Al Emadi S, Alawadi F, Al Qasaabi S, Alfutaisi A, Al Izzi M, Mukhaimer J, Suhaili AR, Reginster JY, Sulimani R. Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries: consensus statement of the GCC countries' osteoporosis societies under the auspices of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:109. [PMID: 32700153 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED A consensus platform is provided by the experts of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries' respective osteoporosis societies, on which specific guidelines can be developed further for regional use on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION Guidance is provided in a Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) country setting on the assessment and treatment of postmenopausal women at risk from fractures due to osteoporosis, which is an adaptation of the European guidance by Kanis et al., jointly published by the International Osteoporosis Foundation and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis (ESCEO). The respective osteoporosis societies of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries assembled for a unifying consensus on the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women for the region. METHODS The Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases (CBCD) in King Saud University (KSU), Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), in cooperation with the Saudi Osteoporosis Society (SOS), hosted regional experts and respective leaders from different GCC osteoporosis societies, together with an adviser from the ESCEO. An assembly of experts representing the different osteoporosis societies from Saudi Arabia, the UAE, Bahrain, Oman, and Kuwait gathered on February 15-16, 2019 in Riyadh, KSA for the formulation of a general osteoporosis consensus for the region. RESULTS The following areas were covered: diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk; general and pharmacological management of osteoporosis; and hip fractures, vitamin D, recommendation on which FRAX tool to follow, and the importance of country-specific FRAX® and fracture liaison services for secondary fracture prevention. CONCLUSIONS A platform is provided on which specific guidelines can be developed for regional use in GCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Al-Saleh
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, 22490, Saudi Arabia.,King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, 11481, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, 14611, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser M Al-Daghri
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaun Sabico
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Alessa
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jaber Al-Ahmad Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Samar Al Emadi
- Department of Medicine, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Yves Reginster
- Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Public Health, Epidemiology and Health Economics, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Riad Sulimani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Aziziyeh R, Garcia Perlaza J, Saleem N, Sadat-Ali M, Elsalmawy A, McTavish RK, Duperrouzel C, Cameron C. The burden of osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia: a scorecard and economic model. J Med Econ 2020; 23:767-775. [PMID: 32122190 DOI: 10.1080/13696998.2020.1737536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Aging populations are contributing to an increased volume of osteoporotic fractures. The goals of this study were to (1) develop a scorecard on epidemiological burden, policy framework, service provision, and service uptake for osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia and (2) estimate the direct costs of managing osteoporotic fractures in Saudi Arabia.Methods: Osteoporosis data specific to Saudi Arabia were collected through a systematic literature review and surveys with osteoporosis experts. The data were used to build a scorecard, as done previously for the European Union and select Latin American countries. The scorecard applied traffic light colour coding to identify areas of risk in Saudi Arabia's management of osteoporosis. The data were also used to parameterize a burden of illness model. The model estimated the direct medical costs of fractures among adults aged 50-89 years in Saudi Arabia. The model included hospitalization, testing, hip fracture surgery, and drug costs.Results: In Saudi Arabia, the Ministry of Health was aware of impending increases in the number of fractures and had prioritized osteoporosis on the national agenda. Accordingly, reimbursement restrictions for osteoporosis diagnosis and treatment were minimal. However, a national fracture registry and unified system for monitoring care were not in operation. This represents a critical gap in care that will continue to contribute to the underdiagnosis and undertreatment of osteoporosis if not addressed. In total, 174,225 osteoporosis-related fractures were estimated to occur in Saudi Arabia in 2019, with an annual cost of SR2.38 billion ($636 million USD; $1.55 billion PPP). Hospitalization was the primary cost driver.Conclusions: In 2019, Saudi Arabia was expected to incur SR2.38 billion ($636 million USD; $1.55 billion PPP) in costs owing to 174,225 osteoporosis-related fractures. The establishment of a national fracture registry and implementation of fracture liaison services will be paramount to reducing the fracture burden.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mir Sadat-Ali
- School of Medicine, King Fahd Hospital, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Elsalmawy
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Al Noor Specialized Hospital Makkah, An Naseem, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Alfawaz H, Khan N, Alhuthayli H, Wani K, Aljumah MA, Khattak MNK, Alghanim SA, Al-Daghri NM. Awareness and Knowledge Regarding the Consumption of Dietary Fiber and Its Relation to Self-Reported Health Status in an Adult Arab Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17124226. [PMID: 32545755 PMCID: PMC7345011 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17124226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the awareness, knowledge, and habits regarding dietary fiber intake and to analyze its relationship with self-reported health status among Saudi adults. A survey-based study using face-to-face interview was designed, and 1363 apparently healthy adult Saudi males and females participated. Most participants were females (81.2%), aged 25 and above (87.2%), and were educated at least up to the secondary level of education (80.8%). The majority of the participants were aware of the role of fiber-rich foods in health conditions such as obesity (70.5%), cardiovascular diseases (68.9%), and regulation of blood sugar (68.9%), with females significantly having higher nutrition knowledge than males. A disconnect in translating this nutrition knowledge was observed particularly in food choices when eating out, where preferences for white bread (84.4%), fried potatoes (69.9%) and peeled fruits (60.6%) were significantly higher than preferences for cooked vegetables (29.6%) and brown bread (18.1%). The most common reason for this disconnect was due to perception that foods rich in dietary fibers were expensive (72.1%), have less health benefits (56.5%), were not readily available (51.6%), and participants’ disliking of the taste (52.8%). Participants in the highest quartile (Q4) for dietary fiber consumption reported a lower prevalence of constipation (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval of 0.40, 0.28–0.57, p < 0.01), high cholesterol (0.43, 0.27–0.68, p < 0.01) and obesity (0.67, 0.44–0.98, p = 0.03) than participants in the lowest quartile (Q1). Dietary fiber intake appears to be protective against constipation, high cholesterol and obesity in Saudi adults. However, a disparity observed between knowledge and attitude towards intake of dietary fibers could limit its health benefits. Further studies including adolescents should be conducted to impart knowledge on the emotional, cognitive and sensory factors related to food choices in order to minimize the gap between nutrition knowledge and the consumption of healthy high-fiber diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Alfawaz
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +9-668-055-890
| | - Nasiruddin Khan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Applied and Health Sciences, A’ Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman;
| | - Haya Alhuthayli
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Food Science & Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kaiser Wani
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
| | - Muneerah A. Aljumah
- Almaarefa University, College of Medicine Medical Student, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Malak Nawaz Khan Khattak
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
| | - Saad A. Alghanim
- Department of Health Administration, Health and Hospital Administration Program, College of Business Administration, King Saud University, Riyadh 11352, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nasser M. Al-Daghri
- Biochemistry Department, Chair for Biomarkers of Chronic Diseases, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.W.); (M.N.K.K.); (N.M.A.-D.)
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The significant effect on musculoskeletal metabolism and bone density of the Eastern Mediterranean Christian Orthodox Church fasting. Eur J Clin Nutr 2020; 74:1736-1742. [PMID: 32483221 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0667-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nutritional disorders cause secondary osteoporosis as well as musculoskeletal metabolism dysfunction. The Christian Orthodox Church's fasting in Mediterranean countries such Greece and Cyprus, or M.C.O.C. diet consists of self-restraint from food and/or food categories for 180 ± 19 days of total, especially of animal protein and dairy products. This case-control study attempts to investigate the effect of this fasting pattern on musculoskeletal metabolism and bone density. DESIGN One hundred fasters (or M.C.O.C. diet followers; 68 women and 32 men, mean 59 ± 6.5) with 32 years average fasting time and 100 non-fasters (66 females and 34 males, mean 58.1 ± 6.8; the control group of Mediterranean diet followers) over the age of 50, including menopausal women, were interviewed, as well as physically and laboratory examined along with DEXA measurements of the L2-4 vertebrae and hips. Nutrition data gathered through a 3-day food record during a non-fasting period, while energy intakes calculated on a daily food consumption basis. RESULTS Given the overall low incidence of osteoporosis in the Mediterranean diet, it appears to be more than three times higher than that of M.C.O.C. diet despite the periodic restriction of food intake of animal origin into a slightly hypothermic pattern, which in turn is characterized by increased consumption of multicolored vegetable foods. CONCLUSIONS Abstinence from dairy products and meat does not adversely affect musculoskeletal metabolism or bone density. M.C.O.C. diet seems to be "healthy" eating habit for the musculoskeletal system, as future studies expected to confirm.
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Hamad Jaafari SAA, Athinarayanan J, Subbarayan Periasamy V, Alshatwi AA. Biogenic silica nanostructures derived from Sorghum bicolor induced osteogenic differentiation through BSP, BMP-2 and BMP-4 gene expression. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Al Hamam NM, Al-Moaibed GF, Alfayez EH, Alfayez EH, Al-Mubaddil MS, Alramadhan NA. Prevalence and risk factors for osteoporotic fracture among adults with comorbidities in Al-Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:877-882. [PMID: 32318438 PMCID: PMC7114042 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_982_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Little is known about the prevalence of osteoporotic fracture, its sociodemographic correlates, and its comorbid conditions among the adult population of the Kingdome of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Hence, the present work aimed to assess the prevalence of adults at high risk of osteoporotic fracture in the presence of its known risk factors. As well, to determine the most commonly associated comorbidities of osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed among 518 Saudi adults aged over 45 years in Al-Ahsaa city, KSA. The Arabic version of the fracture risk assessment FRAX without bone mineral density (BMD) was presented in an online questionnaire. Results The 10-year risk for major osteoporotic fracture was found in 50.81% of the participants; 23.48% of them were at high risk and 25.71% at moderate risk. Also, 26.27% of the respondents were at high risk of hip fracture. Significant correlates of osteoporotic fractures included female gender (P = 0.003), old age (P = 0.000), age at menopause (P = 0.000), low body mass index (BMI; P = 0.000), previous fracture (P = 0.000), alcohol consumption (P = 0.000), positive family history (P = 0.000), corticosteroids (P = 0.000), rheumatoid arthritis (P = 0.000), thyroid hyperactivity (P = 0.000), gonadal insufficiency (P = 0.000), chronic liver disease (P = 0.000), nutritional, or gestational disease (P = 0.000). Conclusion More than a third of the surveyed population had osteoporosis, which was associated with many sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Therefore, early interventions for osteoporosis and the prevention of other comorbidities may improve the outcome of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif M Al Hamam
- Orthopedic Consultant, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsaa City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghusoon F Al-Moaibed
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsaa City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H Alfayez
- Medical Intern, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman H Alfayez
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Narjes Ali Alramadhan
- Medical Student, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsaa City, Saudi Arabia
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Al Anouti F, Taha Z, Shamim S, Khalaf K, Al Kaabi L, Alsafar H. An insight into the paradigms of osteoporosis: From genetics to biomechanics. Bone Rep 2019; 11:100216. [PMID: 31372373 PMCID: PMC6661363 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2019.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considered as one of the major epidemics of the 21st century, osteoporosis affects approximately 200 million people globally, with significant worldwide impact on rates of morbidity and mortality and massive socioeconomic burdens. Mainly characterized by decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and increased risk of bone fragility/deterioration, this devastating silent epidemic typically has no symptoms until a fracture occurs. The multifactorial disease, osteoporosis is instigated by complex interactions between genetic, metabolic and environmental factors, with severe impact on the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. This article provides a review of the epidemiology, genetic and biomechanical aspects of primary osteoporosis. The review begins with a summary of the epidemiology and global prevalence of osteoporosis. Sections 1 and 2 discuss the genetic associations and molecular signaling pathways involved in normal and pathological osteogenesis while Section 3 explores the biomechanics of osteoporosis and its quantitative damaging effects on critical bone mechanical properties, and associated bone remodeling. Overall, this review summarizes the recent findings about osteoporosis and emphasizes the importance of an integrative holistic approach in investigating osteoporosis towards providing better informed, more effective preventive and treatment modalities. Importantly, this work also explores the limited available literature on the various aspects of osteoporosis in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), and Middle East despite its alarming prevalence in the region, and highlights the need for further research and studies taking into consideration the importance of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene influencing the development of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatme Al Anouti
- Zayed University, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zainab Taha
- Zayed University, College of Natural and Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sadia Shamim
- Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab emirates
| | - Kinda Khalaf
- Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Leena Al Kaabi
- Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Habiba Alsafar
- Khalifa University Center for Biotechnology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab emirates.,Khalifa University of Science & Technology, Biomedical Department, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Hariri AF, Almatrafi MN, Zamka AB, Babaker AS, Fallatah TM, Althouwaibi OH, Hamdi AS. Relationship between Body Mass Index and T-Scores of Bone Mineral Density in the Hip and Spine Regions among Older Adults with Diabetes: A Retrospective Review. J Obes 2019; 2019:9827403. [PMID: 31179127 PMCID: PMC6501245 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9827403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) cases are increasing worldwide, especially in Saudi Arabia. Previous studies suggested a positive relationship between body mass index (BMI) and bone mineral density (BMD) levels. Generally, patients with low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) have reduced BMD levels and, thus, low T-scores; hence, they are categorized as osteopenic or osteoporotic. In this study, we aimed to determine whether a relationship between BMI and BMD T-scores in the hip and spine regions of patients with diabetes exists. This retrospective record review investigated older adult patients with diabetes in King Abdulaziz University Hospital (n=198; age 50-90 years) who underwent BMD scan between January 1, 2016, and June 25, 2018, regardless of their sex but limited to type 2 DM. The height and weight of all subjects were recorded, and BMI was calculated and categorized. We used SPSS version 21 for data analysis; measures of central tendencies, Pearson's correlations, chi-square tests, and independent t-tests were employed. We found positive relationships between BMI and BMD T-scores in the hip and spine regions (right femoral neck: R=+0.214, P ≤ 0.002; total right hip: R=+0.912, P ≤ 0.001; left femoral neck: R=+0.939, P ≤ 0.001; total left hip: R=+0.885, P ≤ 0.001; and total lumbar region: R=+0.607, P ≤ 0.001). Low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2) could be a risk factor for osteoporosis, whereas normal/high BMI could be protective against osteoporosis among adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aws B. Zamka
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq M. Fallatah
- Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Amre S. Hamdi
- Consultant and Assistant Professor of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Sadat-Ali M, AlShammari SM, Uddin FZ, Alani FM, Dahduli OS. Are we closing the gaps in the management of osteoporosis following fragility fractures of the femur? J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1843-1847. [PMID: 30616478 PMCID: PMC6567753 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518819630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to identify deficiencies in initiating anti-osteoporotic treatment following a fragility femoral fracture. Methods All patients ≥55 years of age treated for a fragility femoral fracture between June 2012 and May 2017 were enrolled. Medications at discharge and at 90 days and 1 year of follow up were analyzed. Patients were classified into 4 groups: Group I did not receive any treatment for osteoporosis; Group II received only calcium and vitamin D3; Group III received an anabolic agent, calcium, and vitamin D3; and Group IV received bisphosphonates, calcium, and vitamin D3. Results A total of 167 patients with an average age of 65.81±12.55 years were included. There were 88 (52.7%) males and 79 (47.3%) females. At discharge, 107 patients (64.1%) were not prescribed optimal treatment for osteoporosis, and this reduced to 55 (32.9%) at the 90-day follow up. At 1 year, the number of patients receiving suboptimal treatment was further reduced to 25.74%. Conclusions Although the number of patients with fragility fractures receiving insufficient treatment was lower in the present study than in previous reports, increased efforts and coordinated treatment plans initiated by a fracture liaison service should be of high priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sadat-Ali
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulliman M AlShammari
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz M Alani
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar S Dahduli
- 3 King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Aljawadi MH, Khoja AT, Alhammad AM, AlOtaibi AD, Al-Shammari SA, Khoja TA. The prevalence of benzodiazepines utilization and its association with falls among Saudi older adults; results from the Saudi national survey for elderly Health (SNSEH). Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1112-1119. [PMID: 30532631 PMCID: PMC6260491 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE First, to determine benzodiazepines prevalence (BDZs) among Saudi older adults (SOA); Second, to quantify the association between BDZs use and falls among SOA. Third, to determine falls effect on all-cause mortality among SOA. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that used the Saudi National Survey for Elderly Health; a nationally-representative, population-based survey. Participants were asked about BDZs use and falls history during the 12 months prior to the interview. Demographics, medications, comorbidities and housing conditions were used as covariates. Multiple imputation was used to impute missing data. Modified poisson multivariable regression was used to study the association between BDZs and falls. Cox- proportional hazard regression was used to determine falls effect on mortality over nine years period. RESULTS Among 2946 SOA, BDZs prevalence was 4%. Around 13% reported falls. In the multivariable regression, relative risk (RR) of falls was 2 comparing BDZs users to non-users (95CI%: 1.02-3.99). Antidepressants (RR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.10-2.74), laxatives (RR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.11-1.7), low body mass index (RR = 1.94; 95%CI: 1.33-2.84), mild cognitive impairment (RR = 1.56; 95%CI: 1.21-2.03), high door steps (RR = 1.54; 95%CI: 1.23-1.93) and insufficient illumination (RR = 1.38; 95%CI: 1.11-1.71) increased falls risk. Lastly, the hazard ratio of falls on death was 1.48 (95%CI: 1.17, 1.89) over nine years. CONCLUSION Despite the recommendation against BDZs use among older adults, still there were subjects who were prescribed these drugs. falls are common among SOA. Preventive strategies such medication therapy management, nutrition improvement, elderly-friendly housing structures can reduce the prevalence of falls and consequent increase in mortality among SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H. Aljawadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah T. Khoja
- Public Health and Family Medicine Departments, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alhammad
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azzam D. AlOtaibi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman A. Al-Shammari
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tawfik A. Khoja
- Executive Board, Health Ministers’ Council for the Cooperation Council States, Saudi Arabia
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Zareef TA, Jackson RT, Alkahtani AA. Vitamin D Intake among Premenopausal Women Living in Jeddah: Food Sources and Relationship to Demographic Factors and Bone Health. J Nutr Metab 2018; 2018:8570986. [PMID: 29750126 PMCID: PMC5884207 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8570986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saudi women depend on food sources to maintain their serum 25(OH) D concentrations because covering by traditional clothing and time spent indoors limit their sun exposure. Little is known about vitamin D intake and its main food sources in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the association between vitamin D and calcium intake and bone mineral density (BMD) in young women is not well researched. OBJECTIVES To assess the adequacy of vitamin D intake among Saudi women as compared to the estimated average requirements (EARs), to identify dietary vitamin D sources, to examine potential determinants of vitamin D intake, and to assess bone health and the association of calcium and vitamin D intake with BMD. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in 257 premenopausal women aged 20-50 years in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Dietary vitamin D and calcium were assessed by the Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. BMD was measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in a subset of women (n=102) at the lumbar spine and femur neck. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of women were below the EAR for vitamin D, and 61% fell below the EAR for calcium. Dairy products, supplements, and fish contributed most to vitamin D intake. Increased age was an independent determinant of sufficient vitamin D intake (p < 0.001). The prevalence of osteopenia was 33% in the lumbar spine and 30% in the femur neck. There was a significant positive association between calcium intake and BMD at the lumbar spine (p=0.043) after controlling for body mass index and energy intake. Vitamin D intake was not significantly different between women with low and normal bone mass. CONCLUSION Premenopausal women in Jeddah have insufficient vitamin D and calcium intakes. Public health strategies to improve nutrition in young women are needed, and expanding fortification programs to include all dairy products would be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A. Zareef
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Robert T. Jackson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Abdulkareem A. Alkahtani
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Alayat MSM, Abdel-Kafy EM, Thabet AAM, Abdel-Malek AS, Ali TH, Header EA. Long-Term Effect of Pulsed Nd-YAG Laser Combined with Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Men with Osteopenia or Osteoporosis: 1 Year of Follow-Up. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 36:105-111. [PMID: 29068756 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pulsed Nd-YAG laser is an effective physiotherapy modality used as a class IV high-intensity laser therapy (HILT). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of HILT alone or combined with exercise (HILT+EX) on bone mineral density (BMD) after 24 weeks and at 1 year of follow-up in men with osteopenia or osteoporosis. METHODS One hundred men with osteopenia or osteoporosis (mean age, 53.78 [2.89] years; weight, 80.56 [7.33] kg; height 175 [5.30] cm) participated in the study. The T-scores were ≤-1.5. Patients were randomly assigned to four groups: HILT+EX (group I), placebo laser plus exercise (PL+EX; group II), HILT alone (HILT; group III), and PL (group IV). HILT was applied to the lower back and hip regions. Aerobic, weight-bearing, flexibility, strengthening, and balance exercises were performed three times per week for 24 weeks. The measured outcomes were BMD of the L2-L4 spine and total hip. Measurements were taken before and after 24 weeks and at 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS Lumbar and total hip BMD significantly increased post-treatment in the HILT+EX and PL+EX groups, but insignificantly in the HILT and PL groups. HILT+EX showed a significantly greater effect than PL+EX did on lumbar BMD, with no significant difference in total hip BMD, after 24 weeks and at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Although HILT alone did not effectively increase lumbar and total hip BMD, HILT combined with exercise was more effective than exercise alone at increasing lumbar BMD after 24 weeks of treatment, with effects lasting up to 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehab Mohamed Abdel-Kafy
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Abdel Monsif Thabet
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Tariq Helmi Ali
- 2 Umm Al-Qura University Medical Center, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eslam A Header
- 3 Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Alayat MSM, Abdel-Kafy EM, Elsoudany AM, Helal OF, Alshehri MA. Efficacy of high intensity laser therapy in the treatment of male with osteopenia or osteoporosis: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci 2017; 29:1675-1679. [PMID: 28932011 PMCID: PMC5599844 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.29.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To investigate the effect of high intensity laser therapy, alone or combined
with exercise on pain, health related quality of life and fall risk in male with
osteopenia or osteoporosis. [Subjects and Methods] 100 male patients with osteopenia or
osteoporosis participated in the study. They had T-scores ≤−1.5. Patients were randomly
assigned into four groups and treated with laser plus exercise, placebo laser plus
exercise, laser alone and placebo laser in groups I, II, III, and IV respectively. Laser
was applied to the lower back and hip regions. Exercises included aerobic exercises,
weight-bearing, flexibility, and strengthening and balance exercises. Treatment were
performed 3 times/week for 12 weeks. The measured outcomes were pain, health related
quality of life and fall risk. [Results] All measured outcomes were significantly
decreased post-treatment in all treatment groups. Laser plus exercises showed a higher
significant effect than exercises with a least significant effect in the laser group in
reduction of pain and quality of life. [Conclusion] High intensity laser is an effective
modality for male patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. Laser combined with exercise
is more effective than exercises or laser alone in decreasing pain, fall risk an
increasing quality of life after 12 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehab Mohamed Abdel-Kafy
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University: Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mohamed Elsoudany
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University: Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Farouk Helal
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University: Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour Abdullah Alshehri
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University: Mecca 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Almasoud NN, Tanneru N, Marei HF. Alveolar bone density and its clinical implication in the placement of dental implants and orthodontic mini-implants. Saudi Med J 2017; 37:684-9. [PMID: 27279516 PMCID: PMC4931651 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.6.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the bone density in maxilla and mandible in dentate and edentulous patients in Saudi population. METHODS This study involved a retrospective analysis of cone beam CT images of 100 patients (50 male and 50 female) who have come to College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January 2014 and 2015. Using the bone density option in the Simplant software, the Hounsfield unit (HU) was calculated at the edentulous sites. While for dentate sites, a region of interest was selected coronally at 3-5 mm to the root apex using I-CAT vision software. The densities of the buccal bone and cancellous bone were measured at interradicular areas of a specific teeth. RESULTS The highest bone density at the edentulous sites was at the mandibular anterior region (776.5 ± 65.7 HU), followed by the mandibular posterior region (502.2 ± 224.2 HU). Regarding the dentate sites, the highest bone density was at the buccal cortical plate of the lower incisor teeth (937.56 ± 176.92 HU) and the lowest bone density was at the cancellous bone around the posterior maxillary teeth (247.12 ± 46.75 HU). CONCLUSION The alveolar bone density at dentate and edentulous sites in our population is generally lower than the norm reference density of other populations, which dictates the need for quantitative assessment of bone density before implants and mini-implants placement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif N Almasoud
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Sadat-Ali M, Alfaraidy M, AlHawas A, Al-Othman AA, Al-Dakheel DA, Tayara BK. Morbidity and mortality after fragility hip fracture in a Saudi Arabian population: Report from a single center. J Int Med Res 2017; 45:1175-1180. [PMID: 28480812 PMCID: PMC5536396 DOI: 10.1177/0300060517706283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the functional morbidity and mortality after fragility hip fracture and compare the mortality with three other common diseases. Methods Data were collected from patients admitted to King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar from January 2010 to December 2014. Demographic data included the preoperative American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score as assessed by the anesthetist and the type of surgery. Personal and telephone interviews were performed, and data were entered into a database and analyzed. Results We identified 203 patients with fragility proximal femoral fractures, and the data of 189 patients (109 male, 80 female; average age, 66.90 ± 13.43 years) were available for analysis. The overall mortality rate was 26.98% (51 patients). The mortality rate was significantly higher among patients with an ASA score of 4 (36.36%) than 1 (20.45%). With respect to morbidity, only 48.23% of patients were able to return to their pre-fracture status; 32.35% of those who required assisted walking and 83.4% of those who required a wheelchair became bedridden. Conclusions Our data demonstrate that patients with fragility hip fractures have high morbidity and a mortality rate approaching 30%. Age and the ASA score significantly influence this high mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sadat-Ali
- 1 Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Faisal University and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moaad Alfaraidy
- 2 Orthopaedic Resident in Training, National Guard Hospitals, Dammam, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz AlHawas
- 3 College of Medicine, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, AlKhobar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dakheel A Al-Dakheel
- 4 Assistant Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Imam AbdulRahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam Fahd Hospital of the University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badar K Tayara
- 5 Orthopaedic Resident in Training, King Fahd Military Medical City, Dhahran, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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Baeesa SS, Krueger A, Aragón FA, Noriega DC. The efficacy of a percutaneous expandable titanium device in anatomical reduction of vertebral compression fractures of the thoracolumbar spine. Saudi Med J 2016; 36:52-60. [PMID: 25630005 PMCID: PMC4362189 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.1.9463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the feasibility of a minimally invasive technique using a titanium expandable device to achieve anatomical restoration of vertebral compression fractures (VCF) of the thoracolumbar spine. METHODS This prospective study included 27 patients diagnosed with VCF (Magerl classification A.1.2, A.1.3, and A.3.1) of the thoracolumbar spine treated with percutaneous cement augmentation using the SpineJack® device. The study was conducted in Valladolid University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain from January to December 2012, with a minimum one-year follow up. Preoperative evaluation included visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, and radiological assessment of the VCF using 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) scans for measurements of vertebral heights and angles. The patients were followed at 3, 6, and 12 months with clinical VAS and radiological assessments. RESULTS The procedure was performed in 27 patients with a mean age of 55.9 ± 17.3 years, 55.6% females. All patients underwent surgery within 6 weeks from time of injury. No procedure related complications occurred. Pain measured by VAS score decreased from 7.0 preoperatively to 3.2 within 24 hours, and remained 2.2 at 3 months, 2.1 at 6 months, and 1.5 at 12-months follow-up (p<0.05). Mean height restorations for the anterior was 3.56 mm, central was 2.49, and posterior vertebral was 1.28 mm, and maintained at 12-months follow-up (p=0.001). CONCLUSION This new percutaneous technique for VCF has shown good clinical results in pain control and the possibility to reduce both vertebral kyphosis angles and fractured endplates seen in 3D-CT scans assessment method. Further studies are needed to confirm those results on larger cohorts with long-term follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh S Baeesa
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80215, Jeddah 21589, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fax. +966 (12) 6408469. E-mail.
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Zeidan ZA, Sultan IE, Guraya SS, Al-Zalabani AH, Khoshhal KI. Low bone mineral density among young healthy adult Saudi women. Prevalence and associated factors in the age group of 20 to 36 years. Saudi Med J 2016; 37:1225-1233. [PMID: 27761561 PMCID: PMC5303800 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.11.16248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To screen for low bone mineral density among young adult Saudi women using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) and exploring the high risk groups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed on 279, 20-36 years old female students and employees of Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between January and May 2014. The study included bone status assessed using QUS, a structured self-reported questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and evaluation of bone markers of bone metabolism. Results: The prevalence of low bone mineral density was 9%. Serum osteocalcin was found significantly higher in candidates with low bone mineral density, 20.67 ng/ml versus 10.7 ng/ml, and it was negatively correlated with T-scores. At any given point in time the exposed subjects to low calcium intake and inadequate sun exposure in the population were 11 times and 3 times more likely to have low bone mineral density, (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 11.0; 95%confidence interval [CI]=3.16, 38.34; p=0.001) and (adjusted OR, 3.32, 95%CI=1.27, 8.66, p<0.01). Conclusion: Early detection screening programs for low bone mineral density are needed in Saudi Arabia as it affects young Saudi women specially the high-risk group that includes young women with insufficient calcium intake and insufficient sun exposure. Serum osteocalcin as a biomarker for screening for low bone mineral density could be introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeidan A Zeidan
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Al-Omran AS, Abu-Madini MS, Sadat-Ali M, Alfaraidy MH, Shihada WK. Low Bone Mass Secondary to Antipsychotic Medications. SAUDI JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016; 4:202-205. [PMID: 30787730 PMCID: PMC6298351 DOI: 10.4103/1658-631x.188246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Antipsychotic medications are known to cause low bone mass. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis secondary to patients taking antipsychotic medications. Patients and Methods: This prospective study included 175 patients taking antipsychotic medications and attending the psychiatric clinics at the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia. Demographic data, antipsychotic medications, type, and duration of administration of medication were collected. All patients had bone mass measurement using dual energy X-ray (DXA) absorptiometry. Patients were divided into 5-year groups, from ≤35 to ≥51 years. The data were entered in the database and analyzed using SPSS Inc version 20. Results: The average age of patients was 40.75 ± 7.16 years (range: 26–56 years), there were 120 (82.8%) males and 25 (17.2%) females. Our results indicate that the average duration of anti-psychotic medication use was 8.45 ± 5.4 years. DXA of the hip revealed that 25 (14.2%) patients were osteoporotic and 104 (59.42%) were osteopenic, while on the basis of the T-score of the lumbar spine, 77 (44%) patients were osteoporotic and 80 (45.7%) were osteopenic. On the basis of the spinal bone mineral density (BMD), 89.7% had low bone mass. Conclusion: Anti-psychotic medications have a strong influence on the reduction of bone mass even in younger populations. The BMD of patients who are prescribed anti-psychotic medication need to be monitored for low bone mass and provided with the appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah S Al-Omran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahdi S Abu-Madini
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mir Sadat-Ali
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moaad H Alfaraidy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed K Shihada
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Dammam, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Affiliation(s)
- Basmah K Alwahhabi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Hammoudeh S, Abdelrahman MH, Chandra P, Hammoudeh M. An assessment of patients' knowledge of osteoporosis in Qatar: A pilot study. Qatar Med J 2016; 2015:13. [PMID: 26835409 PMCID: PMC4719434 DOI: 10.5339/qmj.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a disease that affects the bones. It leads to increased risk of fractures as a result of decreased bone mineral density. The goal of this study was to assess the general perception of osteoporosis as well as knowledge of lifestyle, risk factors, and preventive measures among patients in Qatar. The study was conducted between September 2013 and September 2014. The study subjects (n = 93) were patients diagnosed with osteoporosis who attended the Outpatient Rheumatology Clinic at Hamad General Hospital in Doha, Qatar. The results showed that those with a university or graduate degree had a significantly higher level of knowledge about osteoporosis (p = 0.009) than those with less education. Among those in our study, knowledge related to osteoporosis was principally obtained through media sources such as television and radio (39%). In conclusion, osteoporosis patients in Qatar need a better understanding of the disease. Identifying thought patterns related to the perception of osteoporosis and treatment might assist in building a foundation for management modalities and effective preventive strategies for the disease in Qatar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Hammoudeh
- Research Department, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Magdi Hassan Abdelrahman
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Section, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Prem Chandra
- Medical Research Center, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammed Hammoudeh
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Section, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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Sadat-Ali M, Al-Dakheel DA, Azam MQ, Al-Bluwi MT, Al-Farhan MF, AlAmer HA, Al-Meer Z, Al-Mohimeed A, Tabash IK, Karry MO, Rassasy YM, Baragaba MA, Amer AS, AlJawder A, Al-Bouri KM, ElTinay M, Badawi HA, Al-Othman AA, Tayara BK, Al-Faraidy MH, Amin AH. Reassessment of osteoporosis-related femoral fractures and economic burden in Saudi Arabia. Arch Osteoporos 2015; 10:37. [PMID: 26494131 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-015-0240-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The current study reassesses the prevalence of fragility fractures and lifetime costs in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Forty-two percent (391) of the fractures were at the neck of the femur, and 38.6 % (354) were inter-trochanteric fractures. The overall incidence was assessed to be 7528 (1,300,336 population 55 years or older) with the direct cost of SR564.75 million ($150.60 million). A National Fracture Registry and osteoporosis awareness programs are recommended. PURPOSE Proximal femur fragility fractures are reported to be increasing worldwide due to increased life expectancy. The current study is carried out to assess the incidence of such fractures in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia and to assess the costs incurred in managing them annually. Finally, by extrapolating the data, the study can calculate the overall economic burden in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The data of fragility proximal femur fractures was collected from 24 of 28 hospitals in the Eastern Province. The data included age, sex, mode of injury, type of fracture, prescribed drug (and its cost), and length of hospital stay. Population statistics were obtained from the Department of Statistics of the Saudi Arabian government Web site. RESULTS Twenty-four hospitals (85 %) participated in the study. A total of 780 fractures were sustained by 681 patients. Length of stay in the hospital averaged 23.28 ± 13.08 days. The projected fracture rate from all the hospitals would be 917 (an incidence of 5.81/1000), with a total cost of SR68.77 million. Further extrapolation showed that the overall incidence could be 7528 (1,300,336 population 55 years or older) with the direct cost of SR564.75 million ($150.60 million). CONCLUSIONS Osteoporosis-related femoral fractures in Saudi Arabia are significant causes of morbidity besides incurring economic burden. We believe that a National Fracture Registry needs to be established, and osteoporosis awareness programs should be instituted in every part of Saudi Arabia so that these patients can be diagnosed early and treated appropriately to reduce both the number of fractures and the economic burden of the fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mir Sadat-Ali
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dakheel A Al-Dakheel
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Q Azam
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed T Al-Bluwi
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahmed S Amer
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah AlJawder
- Bahrain Defense Force, Royal Medical Services, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Abdallah A Al-Othman
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badar K Tayara
- University of Dammam and King Fahd Hospital of the University, AL-khobar, Saudi Arabia
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Bahijri SM, Ajabnoor GM, Borai A, Al-Aama JY, Chrousos GP. Effect of Ramadan fasting in Saudi Arabia on serum bone profile and immunoglobulins. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2015; 6:223-32. [PMID: 26445645 PMCID: PMC4579416 DOI: 10.1177/2042018815594527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Each year Muslims fast from dawn to sunset for 1 month (Ramadan). In Saudi Arabia, the sleep-wake cycle during Ramadan is severely disturbed and is associated with abolition of the circadian cortisol rhythm, exposing Saudis to continuously increased cortisol levels, which may influence the immune response. In addition to cortisol, sleep and fasting affect the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hence bone metabolism. METHODS Our objective was to investigate the effect of Ramadan type fasting on secretory patterns of PTH, markers of bone metabolism, and serum immunoglobulins. Blood samples from healthy young volunteers were collected at 9 a.m. and 9 p.m. (± 1 hour) before (Shaban) and 2 weeks into Ramadan. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, 25-OH vitamin D, intact PTH (iPTH), and immunoglobulin (Ig) A, M and G were measured. RESULTS During Ramadan, evening-adjusted calcium was higher (p = 0.036) and phosphate lower (p < 0.001) than the corresponding morning value. Moreover, the Ramadan mean morning phosphate was higher and the evening level lower was than Shabaan values (p = 0.010 and p <0.001, respectively), while mean iPTH level was decreased compared with the morning value (p = 0.001), and the evening mean during Shabaan (p = 0.029). Mean IgG concentration was significantly lower during Ramadan (p = 0.003 and p = 0.021 for morning and evening, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Changes in dietary practices during Ramadan modulated PTH secretion to a pattern which might be beneficial to bone health. Combined effects of fasting and disturbed sleep led to a noted decrease in IgG level. Therefore, a possible beneficial effect of fasting on bone turnover is combined with decreased immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhard M. Bahijri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 4873, Jeddah 21412, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada M. Ajabnoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Borai
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jumana Y. Al-Aama
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al Brahim Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens Medical School, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children’s Hospital, Athens, Greece
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AlQuaiz AM, Kazi A, Tayel S, Shaikh SA, Al-Sharif A, Othman S, Habib F, Fouda M, Sulaimani R. Prevalence and factors associated with low bone mineral density in Saudi women: a community based survey. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2014; 15:5. [PMID: 24400907 PMCID: PMC3893466 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-15-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a public health issue in Saudi Arabia. This study measured the prevalence and factors associated with low BMD in Saudi women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross sectional study using two stage cluster sampling technique was conducted in Riyadh, 2009. Thirty clusters, each comprising of 300 houses were randomly chosen and from each cluster 38–40 households were selected to identify 1150 women of >40 years. Women were invited to primary health care center for filling of self-administered questionnaire (n = 1069) comprising of sociodemographic, health, diet and physical activity variables. 1008 women underwent screening for low BMD using the quantitative ultrasound technique. 535 (53%) women with positive screening test were referred to King Khalid Hospital for Dual X-ray Energy absorptiometry (DXA). Results 362 women underwent DXA and 212 (39.6%) were screened low BMD either at lumbar spine or femur neck. Mean age of women was 55.26(±8.84) years. Multivariate logistic analysis found; being aged 61 to 70 years (OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.32-1.48), no literacy (OR 2.97, 95% CI:1.44 - 6.12) or primary education (OR 4.12, 95% CI:2.05-8.29), history of fractures (OR 2.20, 95% CI:1.03- 4.69) and not drinking laban(diluted yogurt) (OR 2.81, 95% CI:1.47- 5.37) significantly associated with low BMD. Conclusions Women with low level of education, who do not drink laban and had history of fractures were at high risk of low BMD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ambreen Kazi
- Princess Nora Bent Abdallah Women Health Research Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 231831, Riyadh 11321, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Alsehimy MM. Efficacy of a nonsurgical treatment regimen in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws in Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open Med 2014; 2:2050312114522995. [PMID: 26770707 PMCID: PMC4607179 DOI: 10.1177/2050312114522995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a nonsurgical treatment regimen in the long-term control of necrotic areas of the jaws and pain in such patients. Methods: A total of 96 patients suffering from the disease were included in this study. All patients received nonsurgical treatment regimen for 10 days, and repeated every 3 months for 2 years. The size of the osteonecrotic lesions was measured and the pain level was self-assessed with a visual analog scale. Results: The patients showed a statistically significant (F = 16.1; p < .01; r2 = .95) gradual decrease in the size of exposed bone areas during the nonsurgical therapy (from 12.5 to 8.8 mm). Pain scores ranged from 0 to 3 score scale. Complete resolution of the disease was observed in some patients. Conclusions: This conservative nonsurgical treatment regimen seems to provide successful treatment in reduction of the sizes of exposed bone areas in the majority of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Alsehimy
- Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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