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Karaca ZM, Karaca G, Kayhan B, Gül M, Ersan V, Gözükara Bağ H, Yeşilada E. Chronic liver fibrosis induction in aging causes significant ultra-structural deterioration in liver and alteration on immune response gene expressions in liver-spleen axis. Ultrastruct Pathol 2024; 48:261-273. [PMID: 38842161 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2024.2360447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The relationship between damage to the liver and spleen by aging and the immune response status in these two organs, which are anatomically and immunologically interconnected, is unknown. The authors investigated the histopathological, ultrastructural, and immunological effects of aging in young and aged fibrotic mice by using an experimental model. Four groups were planned, with 10 mice in each experimental group. The levels of fibrosis and ultrastructural destruction in the liver were determined by α-SMA staining and TEM analysis. Expression levels of immunity genes (Il2, Il4, Il6, Il10, Il12, Il17, Tnf, Ifng, Tgfb1, Gata3, Rorc, Tbx21, Foxp3, Ccl2, Ccr2, Cxcr3, Pf4, Cxcl10) were carried out by qRT-PCR. While structural disorders were detected in the mitochondria of aged healthy group, cellular destruction in the fibrosis-induced elderly group was at a dramatic level. Fibrosis induction in aged mice caused an elevation in the expression of chemokines (CCl2, CXCL10, CCR2) and cytokine (IL-17a) genes that induce autoinflammatory response in the liver. Unlike the cellular pathology and genes activated in fibrosis in youth and the natural occurrence of fibrosis with aging, induction of fibrosis during aging causes deterioration in the liver and expression of genes responsible for autoimmunity in both the liver and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynal Mete Karaca
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Department of Genetıcs, Faculty of Medıcıne, Kırklarel' Unıversıty, Kırklarelı, Türkıye
| | - Gamze Karaca
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Başak Kayhan
- Liver Transplantation Institute, Transplantation Immunology Laboratory, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Veysel Ersan
- Liver Transplantation Institute, Department of General Surgery, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Harika Gözükara Bağ
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
| | - Elif Yeşilada
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, İnönü University, Malatya, Türkiye
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Kaya SA, Okuyan HM, Erboğa ZF, Güzel S, Yılmaz A, Karaboğa İ. Prenatal immobility stress: Relationship with oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and intrauterine growth restriction in rats. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1398-1410. [PMID: 37403489 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal stress is a significant risk factor affecting pregnant women and fetal health. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of immobility stress at different periods of pregnancy on oxidative stress, inflammation, placental apoptosis and intrauterine growth retardation in rats. METHODS Fifty adult virgin female Wistar albino rats were used. Pregnant rats were exposed to 6 h/day immobilization stress in a wire cage at different stages of pregnancy. Groups I and II (Day 1-10 stress group) were sacrificed on the 10th day of pregnancy, and Group III, Group IV (10-19th-day stress group), and Group V (1-19th-day stress group) were sacrificed on the 19th day of pregnancy. Inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), serum corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and corticosterone levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels in the placenta were spectrophotometrically measured. Histopathological analyses of the placenta were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in placenta tissues were determined by the indirect immunohistochemical method. Placental apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL staining method. RESULTS We found that the immobility stress during pregnancy significantly increased serum corticosterone levels. Our results showed that the immobility stress diminished the number and weight of fetuses in rats compared to the non-stress group. The immobility stress caused significant histopathological changes in the connection zone and labyrinth zone and increased placental TNF-α and caspase-3 immunoreactivity and placental apoptosis. In addition, immobility stress significantly increased the levels of pro-inflammatory IL-6 and MDA and caused a significant decrease in the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, CAT, and anti-inflammatory IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that immobility stress causes intrauterine growth retardation by activating the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and deteriorating placental histomorphology and deregulating inflammatory and oxidative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem Albayrak Kaya
- Department of Midwifery, Biruni University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hamza Malik Okuyan
- Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation-Faculty of Health Sciences, Biomedical Technologies Application and Research Center, Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Zeynep Fidanol Erboğa
- Department of Histology and Embriology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Savaş Güzel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Türkiye
| | - Ahsen Yılmaz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Istanbul, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - İhsan Karaboğa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Kırklareli University, Kırklareli, Türkiye
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Aldahmash W, Harrath AH, Aljerian K, Sabr Y, Alwasel S. Expression of Glucose Transporters 1 and 3 in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040993. [PMID: 37109521 PMCID: PMC10143906 DOI: 10.3390/life13040993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The annual prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus-characterized by an increase in blood glucose in pregnant women-has been increasing worldwide. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3) in the placenta of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. METHODS Sixty-five placentas from women admitted to the King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed; 34 and 31 placentas were from healthy pregnant women and women with gestational diabetes, respectively. The expressions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 were assessed using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemical methods. The degree of apoptosis in the placental villi was estimated via a TUNEL assay. RESULTS The results of the protein expression assays and immunohistochemical staining showed that the levels of GLUT1 and GLUT3 were significantly higher in the placentas of pregnant women with gestational diabetes than those in the placentas of healthy pregnant women. In addition, the findings showed an increase in apoptosis in the placenta of pregnant women with gestational diabetes compared to that in the placenta of healthy pregnant women. However, the results of gene expression assays showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we conclude that gestational diabetes mellitus leads to an increased incidence of apoptosis in the placental villi and alters the level of GLUT1 and GLUT3 protein expressions in the placenta of women with gestational diabetes. Understanding the conditions in which the fetus develops in the womb of a pregnant woman with gestational diabetes may help researchers understand the underlying causes of the development of chronic diseases later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Aldahmash
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdel Halim Harrath
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Aljerian
- Pathology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Sabr
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Z, Wang D, Chen J, Long T, Zhong C, Li Y. Effects of glucose and osmotic pressure on the proliferation and cell cycle of human chorionic trophoblast cells. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:1418-1428. [DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of glucose and osmotic pressure on the proliferation and cell cycle of trophoblast cells. HTR8/SVneo cells were treated with 0 (no glucose), 1 (low glucose), 5 (normal), and 25 mmol/L (high glucose) glucose. In addition, the cells were treated with 5 mmol/L glucose (normal) and 5 mmol/L glucose + 20 mmol/L mannitol (mannitol). The cell morphology and proliferation were determined by microscopy and a cell counting kit-8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis were examined by flow cytometry. The cell number was relatively decreased and morphological changes were intermediate in the high-glucose group compared with the low-glucose groups. The proportion of cells in the G2/M phase was higher in the low-glucose group than in the other groups, and it was lower in the G1 phase and higher in the S phase in the high-glucose group than in the other groups. Compared with 24 h, cell proliferative activity was restored to a certain extent after 48 h in the high-glucose group. In summary, the blood glucose concentration might influence the proliferation of trophoblast cells. A high-glucose environment inhibited initial cell proliferation, which could be moderately restored after self-regulation. Furthermore, the proliferation of trophoblasts was not affected by the osmotic pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , 510150 , China
- Guangzhou Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women , Guangzhou , 510150 , China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou 510150 , China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510120 , China
| | - Ding Wang
- Experimental Department of Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , 510150 , China
- Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institute , Guangzhou, 510150 , China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, Foshan Women and Children Hospital , Foshan 528000 , China
| | - Tuhong Long
- Department of Medical Affairs Section, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou 510150 , China
| | - Caijuan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal & Child Health Hospital of Guangdong , Guangzhou 510010 , China
| | - Yingtao Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , 510150 , China
- Guangzhou Medical Centre for Critical Pregnant Women , Guangzhou , 510150 , China
- Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province , Guangzhou 510150 , China
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Aldahmash WM, Alwasel SH, Aljerian K. Gestational diabetes mellitus induces placental vasculopathies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:19860-19868. [PMID: 34725760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17267-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) poses significant long- and short-term risks to both the developing fetus and the mother. GDM can lead to maternal complications during pregnancy and increase the mother's risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease later. The present study aimed to evaluate the maternal and fetal vasculopathies in the placenta of Saudi women with GDM. This prospective study examined 84 placentas from full-term pregnant women with no complications other than GDM; 40 placentas were collected from healthy women (controls), and 44 were collected from women diagnosed with GDM. The sampling took place in King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, between January and August 2019. All placentas were histologically examined according to the Amsterdam Placental Workshop Group (2014, 2015). The results showed that the most common placental changes on the maternal side of the placenta in the GDM group were significant syncytial knots (77%), calcification (70%), villous agglutination (57%), decidual vasculopathy (43%), and retroplacental hemorrhage (34%). Placental infarction was the least common placental change in both groups. On the fetal side, vasculopathies included significant villous fibrinoid necrosis (70.5%), chorangiosis (50%), fibromuscular sclerosis (50%), and villous edema (38.6%). Significant villous fibrinoid necrosis, villous edema, and significant fibromuscular sclerosis were more prevalent in the GDM group. The present study concluded that gestational diabetes mellitus induces histopathological phenotypes in the full-term placenta. Increased decidual vasculopathy, syncytial knots, retroplacental hemorrhage, classification, villous agglutination, chorangiosis, villous edema, villous fibroid necrosis, and fibromuscular sclerosis may indicate GDM in the mother. Such findings in the placenta of a woman who has not been diagnosed with GDM increase the need for GDM examination in future pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed M Aldahmash
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh H Alwasel
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaldoon Aljerian
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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Hosni A, El-Twab SA, Abdul-Hamid M, Prinsen E, AbdElgawad H, Abdel-Moneim A, Beemster GTS. Cinnamaldehyde mitigates placental vascular dysfunction of gestational diabetes and protects from the associated fetal hypoxia by modulating placental angiogenesis, metabolic activity and oxidative stress. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105426. [PMID: 33453370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major pregnancy-related disorder with an increasing prevalence worldwide. GDM is associated with altered placental vascular functions and has severe consequences for fetal growth. There is no commonly accepted medication for GDM due to safety considerations. Actions of the currently limited therapeutic options focus exclusively on lowering the blood glucose level without paying attention to the altered placental vascular reactivity and remodelling. We used the fat-sucrose diet/streptozotocin (FSD/STZ) rat model of GDM to explore the efficacy of cinnamaldehyde (Ci; 20 mg/kg/day), a promising antidiabetic agent for GDM, and glyburide/metformin-HCl (Gly/Met; 0.6 + 100 mg/kg/day), as a reference drug for treatment of GDM, on the placenta structure and function at term pregnancy after their oral intake one week before mating onward. Through genome-wide transcriptome, biochemical, metabolome, metal analysis and histopathology we obtained an integrated understanding of their effects. GDM resulted in maternal and fetal hyperglycemia, fetal hyperinsulinemia and placental dysfunction with subsequent fetal anemia, hepatic iron deficiency and high serum erythropoietin level, reflecting fetal hypoxia. Differentially-regulated genes were overrepresented for pathways of angiogenesis, metabolic transporters and oxidative stress. Despite Ci and Gly/Met effectively alleviated the maternal and fetal glycemia, only Ci offered substantial protection from GDM-associated placental vasculopathy and prevented the fetal hypoxia. This was explained by Ci's impact on the molecular regulation of placental angiogenesis, metabolic activity and redox signaling. In conclusion, Ci provides a dual impact for the treatment of GDM at both maternal and fetal levels through its antidiabetic effect and the direct placental vasoprotective action. Lack of Gly/Met effectiveness to restore it's impaired functionality demonstrates the vital role of the placenta in developing efficient medications for GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hosni
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sanaa Abd El-Twab
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Histology and Cytology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Els Prinsen
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Adel Abdel-Moneim
- Molecular Physiology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, 62511, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Gerrit T S Beemster
- Laboratory for Integrated Molecular Physiology Research (IMPRES), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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Protective Effect of Quercetin on Morphological and Histometrical Changes of Placenta in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/zjrms.88636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Placental structure in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165535. [PMID: 31442531 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transitory organ, located between the mother and the foetus, which supports intrauterine life. This organ has nutritional, endocrine and immunologic functions to support foetal development. Several factors are related to the correct functioning of the placenta including foetal and maternal blood flow, appropriate nutrients, expression and function of receptors and transporters, and the morphology of the placenta itself. Placental morphology is crucial for understanding the pathophysiology of the organ as represents the physical structure where nutrient exchange occurs. In pathologies of pregnancy such as diabetes mellitus in humans and animal models, several changes in the placental morphology occur, related mainly with placental size, hypervascularization, higher branching capillaries of the villi and increased glycogen deposits among others. Gestational diabetes mellitus is associated with modifications in the structure of the human placenta including changes in the surface area and volume, as well as histological changes including an increased volume of intervillous space and terminal villi, syncytiotrophoblast number, fibrinoid areas, and glycogen deposits. These modifications may result in functional changes in this organ thus limiting the wellbeing of the developing foetus. This review gives an overview of recurrent morphological changes at macroscopic and histological levels seen in the placenta from gestational diabetes in humans and animal models. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Abdelhalim NY, Shehata MH, Gadallah HN, Sayed WM, Othman AA. Morphological and ultrastructural changes in the placenta of the diabetic pregnant Egyptian women. Acta Histochem 2018; 120:490-503. [PMID: 29871770 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease in which the body fails to produce enough insulin or increased tissue resistance to insulin. The diabetes may have profound effects on placental development and function. This study was designed to detect the placental changes in pregnancy associated with DM comparing these changes with normal placenta. The study was carried out on sixty full-term placentae; divided into three equal groups; control group (group I): placentae of normal pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes (group II): placentae from pregnant women whose blood glucose is poorly controlled during pregnancy. Controlled diabetes (group III): includes placentae from diabetic women whose blood glucose is controlled during pregnancy. The placentae from group II tend to be heavier and exhibited immaturity of villi, villous edema, fibrosis, excessive syncytial knots formation and infarctions. In addition to, fibrinoid necrosis, increased thickness of vasculosyncytial membrane, syncytial basement membrane, microvillous abnormalities and vascular endothelial changes were demonstrated. The syncytial multivesicular knots were present in placentae of group II. The nuclei within these syncytial knots display condensed chromatin, either dispersed throughout the nucleus or in the form of dense peripheral clumps with and numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles. The syncytial basement membrane showed focal areas of increase in its thickness and irregularity. Villous cytotrophoblasts showed increased number and activity in the form of numerous secretory granules, abundant dilated RER, larger distorted mitochondria. Villous vessels showed various degrees of abnormalities in the form of endothelial cell enlargement, folding, thickening and protrusion of their luminal surfaces into vascular lumen making it narrower in caliber. In placentae of group III, most of these abnormalities decreased. In most of placentae of group III, the VSM appeared nearly normal in thickness and showed nearly normal composition of one layer of syncytiotrophoblastic cells, one layer of smooth, regular capillary endothelium and the space between them. Mild microvillous abnormalities were noted in few placentae as they appeared short and blunted with mild decrease in their number per micron. The electron picture of syncytial knots appeared nearly normal containing aggregations of small, condensed hyperchromatic nuclei, minimal vacuoles could be seen in the cytoplasm of syncytial knots. Syncytial basement membrane appeared regular and nearly normal in its thickness and composition coming in direct contact with fetal blood capillaries but mild abnormalities were noted in the basement membrane in few placentae as increased its thickness and deposition of fibers or fibrinoid. Regarding cytotrophoblasts in the terminal villi of placentae with controlled diabetes, these cells appeared nearly normal. They were scattered beneath the syncytium and were active containing mitochondria, rough endoplasmic reticulum, free ribosomes and a large nucleus with fine dispersed chromatin. The vascular ultrastructural pattern in terminal villi of placentae of this group showed no significant abnormalities and was normally distributed in the villous tree. The luminal surface of the vascular endothelium appeared regular smooth in the majority of placentae of this group. The endothelial cells appeared connected to each other with tight junctions. It could be concluded that whether if long-term diabetes is controlled or not, placentae of diabetic mother showed a variety of significant histological structural changes seen more frequently than in the placentae of pregnant women without diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hanan Nabih Gadallah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Walaa Mohamed Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Aref Ali Othman
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
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Dela Justina V, Dos Passos Junior RR, Bressan AF, Tostes RC, Carneiro FS, Soares TS, Volpato GT, Lima VV, Martin SS, Giachini FR. O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine deposition in placental proteins varies according to maternal glycemic levels. Life Sci 2018; 205:18-25. [PMID: 29746846 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2018.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hyperglycemia increases glycosylation with O-linked N-acetyl-glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) contributing to placental dysfunction and fetal growth impairment. Our aim was to determine how O-GlcNAc levels are affected by hyperglycemia and the O-GlcNAc distribution in different placental regions. MAIN METHODS Female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: severe hyperglycemia (>300 mg/dL; n = 5); mild hyperglycemia (>140 mg/dL, at least than two time points during oral glucose tolerance test; n = 7) or normoglycemia (<120 mg/dL; n = 6). At 21 days of pregnancy, placental tissue was collected and processed for morphometry and immunohistochemistry analyses, or properly stored at -80 °C for protein quantification by western blot. KEY FINDINGS Placental index was increased only in severe hyperglycemic rats. Morphometric analysis showed increased junctional zone and decreased labyrinth region in placentas exclusively from the severe hyperglycemic group. Proteins targeted by O-GlcNAc were detected in all regions, with increased O-GlcNAc levels in the hyperglycemic group compared to control and mild hyperglycemic rats. Proteins in endothelial and trophoblast cells were the main target for O-GlcNAc. Whereas no changes in O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) expression were detected, O-GlcNAcase (OGA) expression was reduced in placentas from the severe hyperglycemic group and augmented in placentas from the mild hyperglycemic group, compared with their respective control groups. SIGNIFICANCE Placental O-GlcNAc overexpression may contribute to placental dysfunction, as indicated by the placental index. Additionally, morphometric alterations, occurring simultaneously with increased O-GlcNAc accumulation in the placental tissue may contribute to placental dysfunction during hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | | | - Alecsander F Bressan
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando S Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaigra S Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine of Botucatu, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo T Volpato
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil
| | - Sebastian San Martin
- Biomedical Research Center School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, GO, Brazil; Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, MT, Brazil.
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11
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Akison LK, Nitert MD, Clifton VL, Moritz KM, Simmons DG. Review: Alterations in placental glycogen deposition in complicated pregnancies: Current preclinical and clinical evidence. Placenta 2017; 54:52-58. [PMID: 28117144 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Normal placental function is essential for optimal fetal growth. Transport of glucose from mother to fetus is critical for fetal nutrient demands and can be stored in the placenta as glycogen. However, the function of this glycogen deposition remains a matter of debate: It could be a source of fuel for the placenta itself or a storage reservoir for later use by the fetus in times of need. While the significance of placental glycogen remains elusive, mounting evidence indicates that altered glycogen metabolism and/or deposition accompanies many pregnancy complications that adversely affect fetal development. This review will summarize histological, biochemical and molecular evidence that glycogen accumulates in a) placentas from a variety of experimental rodent models of perturbed pregnancy, including maternal alcohol exposure, glucocorticoid exposure, dietary deficiencies and hypoxia and b) placentas from human pregnancies with complications including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). These pregnancies typically result in altered fetal growth, developmental abnormalities and/or disease outcomes in offspring. Collectively, this evidence suggests that changes in placental glycogen deposition is a common feature of pregnancy complications, particularly those associated with altered fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa K Akison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Vicki L Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Karen M Moritz
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - David G Simmons
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia; Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4101, Australia
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Zanuzzi CN, Bravi ME, Scrochi MR, Nishida F, Fuentealba NA, Diessler ME, Sguazza HG, Muglia CI, Gimeno EJ, Portiansky EL, Barbeito CG, Galosi CM. Microvascular lesions and changes in cell proliferation and death, and cytokine expression in the placentas of mice experimentally infected with Equid Herpesvirus 1. Res Vet Sci 2016; 109:121-128. [PMID: 27892860 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the changes observed in the placentas of mice experimentally infected with an abortigenic strain of EHV-1 at mid-pregnancy and euthanized at days 3 and 4 post-infection. We analyzed microscopic vascular alterations, cell proliferation and death by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α and the IL-10 by qPCR and flow cytometry. Infected mice showed slight respiratory signs and ruffled fur during the first two days post-infection. Virus isolation and DNA detection were positive only in the lungs of the infected mice. Vascular congestion, increase in the labyrinth area, and a significant reduction in fetal capillary endothelium surface of infected placentas were found. Cell proliferation was significantly reduced in the infected placentas, whereas the apoptosis was significantly increased. IL10, TNF and IFN-γ showed different expression in the infected placentas and uteri. The effects of EHV-1 during pregnancy depend on different pathogenic mechanisms in which vascular alterations, and cell death and proliferation and local cytokine changes are compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Zanuzzi
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - M E Bravi
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology (ANPCyT), Argentina
| | - M R Scrochi
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - F Nishida
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - N A Fuentealba
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - M E Diessler
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - H G Sguazza
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina
| | - C I Muglia
- Department of Immunopathology, Institute of Immunological and Physiopathological Studies (IIFP), Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - E J Gimeno
- National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - E L Portiansky
- Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C G Barbeito
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Image Analysis Laboratory, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; National Research Council (CONICET), Argentina
| | - C M Galosi
- Department of Virology, School of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, Argentina; Scientific Research Commission (CIC) of Province of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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