Dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis in acute pancreatitis

Altered blood parameters in "major depression" patients receiving repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) therapy: a randomized case-control study

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a debilitating illness that includes depressive mood. Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is a therapy method used in the treatment of MDD. The purpose of this study was to assess neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress levels in MDD patients and evaluate the changes in these parameters as a result of rTMS therapy. Twenty-five patients with MDD and twenty-six healthy volunteers with the same demographic characteristics were included in the study. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors were measured photometrically with commercial kits. Oxidative stress parameters were measured by the photometric method. Oxidative stress index (OSI) and disulfide (DIS) levels were calculated with mathematical formulas. In this study, total antioxidant status (TAS), total thiol (TT), and native thiol (NT) antioxidant parameters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), and allopregnanolone (ALLO) levels were reduced in pre-rTMS with regard to the healthy control group; TOS, OSI, DIS, and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) levels were increased statistically significantly (p < 0.01). Moreover, owing to TMS treatment; TAS, TT, NT, BDNF, GDNF, and ALLO levels were increased compared to pre-rTMS, while DIS, TOS, OSI, and S100B levels were decreased significantly (p < 0.01). The rTMS treatment reduces oxidative stress and restores thiol-disulfide balance in MDD patients. Additionally, rTMS modulates neurotrophic factors and neuroactive steroids, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant therapy. The changes in the biomarkers evaluated may help determine a more specific approach to treating MDD with rTMS therapy.

Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Neonatal Patients with Urinary Tract Infection

OBJECTIVE

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a disease that can cause significant complications in the neonatal period. The thiol-disulfide homeostasis is one of the important antioxidant defense mechanisms. The purpose of this study is to show the relationship between UTI and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in newborns.

STUDY DESIGN

In this prospective study, 40 newborns with UTI and 40 healthy controls were included. Thiol-disulfide tests (disulfide, native thiol, and total thiol levels) and septic screening tests were performed before and after antibiotherapy in UTI group. The control group was selected from healthy newborns who applied to the outpatient clinic.

RESULTS

The C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were higher, while native thiol and native thiol/total thiol ratio were significantly lower in pretreatment group compared with posttreatment and control group. Also, the levels of disulfide, ischemia modified albumin, disulfide/native thiol ratio, and disulfide/total thiol ratio were higher in pretreatment group compared with posttreatment group.

CONCLUSION

The thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important indicator of oxidative stress during infections. It is valuable to be detected with small amounts of serum in newborns. These molecules can be used to support the diagnosis of UTI in the newborn. Further studies are needed to define the role of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the UTI of newborn.

KEY POINTS

· The thiol-disulfide homeostasis can be an important indicator of oxidative stress during infections such as UTI.. · The thiol-disulfide homeostasis of newborn is valuable to be detected with small amounts of serum in neonatal period.. · Laboratory tests such as white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are not significantly different in UTIs..

The effects of pre-emptive intravenous ibuprofen on the thiol/disulfide homeostasis and C-reactive protein level as the markers of oxidative stress and inflammation during gynecologic laparoscopy: A randomised clinical trial

AIMS

In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of intravenous ibuprofen by using the C-reactive protein level and thiol/disulfide homeostasis as the oxidative stress marker.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This study was conducted on 70 patients aged between 30 and 65 who were scheduled for elective laparoscopic hysterectomy. The patients were divided into two groups to receive either pre-emptive 800mg of intravenous ibuprofen plus 1000 mg of intravenous paracetamol (Group IP) or only 1000 mg of intravenous paracetamol as a control group (Group P). The blood samples for thiol/disulfide homeostasis were collected as follows: before induction of anesthesia (T0), before pneumoperitoneum (T1), following postdeflation and discontinuation of anesthesia (T2), and postoperative 24th hour (T3). Simultaneous blood samples for C-reactive protein (CRP) were also collected. The pre- and postoperative urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured.

RESULTS

A total of 69 patients were included in the study. The patient's characteristics and intraoperative variables were comparable between groups (P > .05). The number of patients requiring rescue analgesia, the total amount of analgesic used, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores, and postoperative side effects were significantly lower in Group IP (P < .001). The decrease in native and total thiol levels at T1, T2, and T3 measurement points was significant in Group IP (P < .001). In both groups, the comparison to baseline values demonstrated no significant changes in terms of disulfide level (P > .05). The simultaneous CRP levels indicated a significant increase at the postoperative 24 hour in both groups (P < .001). The difference between groups was insignificant (P > .05). There was a significant increase in urea and creatinine levels in patients of Group IP (P < .05).

CONCLUSION

The pre-emptive administration of ibuprofen provided effective pain control after gynecologic laparoscopy. However, ibuprofen changed the thiol/disulfide homeostasis in favor of oxidation and had no beneficial effect in surgically induced oxidative stress.

Evaluation of dynamic/thiol disulphide balance and ischaemia modified albumin in children with trauma

AIM

Trauma is the most common cause of death in childhood. Tissue damage, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and inflammatory response are mainly responsible for increasing free oxygen radicals. In this study, we aimed to investigate the use of thiol-disulphide and ischaemia-modified albumin levels as a diagnostic laboratory parameter in trauma children.

METHODS

Of 202 children, 101 were hospitalised in the paediatric surgical intensive care unit with trauma, and 101 were healthy children. Levels of native thiol (-SH), total thiol (SH + SS), dynamic disulphide (SS), dynamic disulphide (SS)/total thiol (SH + SS), albumin and ischaemic modified albumin (IMA) were measured from the sera of patients and healthy volunteers. For statistical analyses, SPSS 17.0 was used. Mann-Whitney U and paired correlation tests were used where appropriate. P < .05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

The mean age of the patients in the trauma group (boys: 61 girls: 40) was 7.88 years and the control group was 8.00 years. In the trauma group, 86 children were exposed to blunt trauma, 15 children had penetrating trauma and 54 patients had multiple trauma. Surgical procedures were performed on 17 patients. In the trauma group, native thiol, total thiol, dynamic disulphide/total thiol, albumin and IMA levels were significantly lower than that of the control (P < .001), and their dynamic disulphide (P = .001) was higher compared with the control. There was no difference thiol-disulphide parameters in trauma groups sub-division as surgery (n = 17) vs follow-up (n = 84) groups or multiple trauma (n = 54) vs isolated organ trauma (n = 47) groups or penetrating (n = 15) or blunt trauma (n = 86) groups.

CONCLUSION

Thiol-disulphide balance and IMA levels show changes in favour of oxidative stress in children with trauma; however, it cannot be used as a laboratory marker that helps to show the system and organ affected by the trauma and to decide the surgical intervention.

Dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as oxidative stress marker in diabetic ketoacidosis

Background/aim

The aim of present study was to investigate the dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis as oxidative stress marker in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).

Materials and methods

A total of 77 participants consisting of 32 patients with DKA and 45 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) [total thiol-native thiol/disulfide changes] were measured in both groups (patient group and control group) using a brand new method developed by Erel and Neselioglu. Half of the difference between total thiol and native thiol concentrations gives the amount of disulfide bond. 


Results

Total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels in blood were found to be low. The levels of total thiol (P < 0.001) and native thiol (P < 0.001 ) were significantly lower in patients with DKA than in the control group. At the same time, the level of disulfide was nonsignificantly lower in the patient group than the control group (P = 0.388). The level of IMA was higher in the patient group than in the control group (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

The total thiol, native thiol, and disulfide levels in DKA decrease in favor of oxidative stress.

Posttranslational Modifications Pattern in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma

Posttranslational modifications are dynamic enzymatic-mediated processes, regulated in time and space, associated with cancer development. We aimed to evaluate the significance of posttranslational modifications in the pathogenesis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The authors developed a prospective, observational study during a period of three years and included 55 patients with localized renal cell carcinoma and 30 heathy subjects. Glycosylation, nitration and carbonylation, thiol-disulfide homeostasis, methylation, phosphorylation and proteolytic cleavage were evaluated in the serum of the evaluated subjects in the present study. Our results showed some characteristics for early ccRCC: high production of cytokines, substrate hypersialylation, induced nitrosative and carbonylic stress, arginine hypermethylation, thiol/disulfide homeostasis (TDH) alteration, the regulatory role of soluble receptors (sRAGE, sIL-6R) in RAGE and IL-6 signaling, the modulatory effect of TK-1and TuM2-PK in controlling the level of phosphometabolites in neoplastic cells. These data could be the initial point for development of a panel of biomarkers such as total sialic acid, orosomucoids, nitrotyrosine, carbonylic metabolites, ADMA, SDMA, and thiol-disulfide equilibrium for early diagnosis of ccRCC. Moreover, they could be considered a specific disease PTM signature which underlines the transition from early to advanced stages in this neoplasia, and of a therapeutic target in kidney oncogenesis.

Thiol-disulfide homeostasis: an integrated approach with biochemical and clinical aspects

Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis (TDH) is a new area has begun to attract more scrutiny. Dynamic TDH is reversal of thiol oxidation in proteins and represents the status of thiols (-SH) and disulfides (-S-S-). Organic compounds containing the sulfhydryl group is called thiol, composed of sulfur and hydrogen atoms. Disulfides are the most important class of dynamic, redox responsive covalent bonds build in between two thiol groups. For many years, thiol levels were analyzed by several methods. During last years, measurements of disulfide levels have been analyzed by a novel automated method, developed by Erel and Neselioglu. In this method, addition to thiol (termed as native thiol) levels, disulfide levels were also measured and sum of native thiol and disulfide levels were termed as total thiol. Therefore, TDH was begun to be understood in organism. In healthy humans, TDH is maintained within a certain range. Dysregulated dynamic TDH has been implicated several disorders with unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is involved in variety diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, nonsmall cell lung cancer, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), inflammatory bowel diseases, occupational diseases, gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. These results may elucidate some pathogenic mechanism or may be a predictor indicating diagnostic clue, prognostic marker or therapeutic sign. In conclusion, protection of the thiol-disulfide homeostasis is of great importance for the human being. Evidence achieved so far has proposed that thiol-disulfide homeostasis is an important issue needs to elucidate wholly.

The evaluation of thiol/disulphide homeostasis in recurrent aphthous stomatitis

The objective of our study was to determine thiol/disulphide homeostasis in recurrent aphtous stomatitis (RAS) patients. A prospective monocentric study was designed. Forty-three recurrent aphtous stomatitis patients and 43 healthy subjects were included to study. Venous blood samples collected and assessed with novel automatic system. Results compared statistically. Disulphide levels were found significantly higher in RAS patients than control group. There was no significant difference between native thiol and total thiol levels. Thiol/disulphide homeostasis is impaired in RAS patients in favor of disulphide levels compared with control group. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first examination on the correlation between thiol and disulfide homeostasis in patients with RAS.

The effect of laparoscopic and open surgery on oxidative DNA damage and IL-37 in children with acute appendicitis

BACKGROUND

Although laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) is considered to be minimally invasive compared with open appendectomy (OA), there are few studies showing this in terms of cytokines and oxidative stress markers.

AIM

LA and OA techniques have been compared in terms of different conditions such as operation time and complication rate. Here, we compared how oxidative DNA damage and some cytokines levels change in relation to LA and OA.

METHOD

This study was performed in children diagnosed with acute appendicitis in our hospital. The study was conducted on 30 children with acute appendicitis in each group. Oxidative DNA damage and malondialdehyde levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, and interleukin-1β, interleukin-37, ischaemia-modified albumin and total thiol levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

RESULTS

There was a dramatic decrease in ischaemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels after LA. However, there were no statistically significant differences in pre- and postoperative IMA levels in the OA group. Oxidative DNA damage and malondialdehyde levels were low significantly according to preoperative levels after the LA and OA. Total thiol levels were high in children who underwent LA while they were low after OA. In addition, postoperative interleukin-1β levels were low in both groups. Furthermore, IL-37 levels postoperatively were low in the LA group, while there was no significant change in the OA group.

CONCLUSION

LA had a more positive effect on oxidative DNA damage, IL-1β and IL-37 than the OA. In addition, surgical stress was reduced with LA.

Thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin levels in autoimmune gastritis and their relations with gastric emptying

Background/aim

Autoimmune gastritis is an autoimmune and inflammatory disorder. The aim of this study is to examine dynamic thiol/disulfide homeostasis and ischemia modified albumin levels, and to analyze the association between thiol/disulfide homeostasis and gastric emptying time in autoimmune gastritis.

Materials and methods

Thiol/disulfide homeostasis tests and ischemia modified albumin levels were determined in 50 autoimmune gastritis patients and 53 healthy subjects. Patients with delayed and normal gastric emptying were compared by thiol/disulfide homeostasis tests.

Results

The results showed that native thiol (μmol/L), total thiol (μmol/L), and native thiol/total thiol ratio (%) of the patients with autoimmune gastritis decreased compared to the control group (177.7 ± 34.18 vs. 245.25 ± 33.83, P = 0.001, 227.25 ± 36.78 vs. 284.20 ± 27.19, P = 0.03, and 8.84 ± 1.1 vs. 7.74% ± 1.3%, P = 0.001). In addition, native thiol (μmol/L), total thiol (μmol/L), and native thiol/ total thiol ratio (%) were found to be lower in patients with delayed gastric emptying (198.65 ± 24.27 vs. 167.12 ± 20.51, 241.81 ± 27.14 vs. 213.92 ± 26.35, 8.34 ± 1.29 vs. 7.20 ± 1.83, P = 0.001). Disulfide level, disulfide/native thiol, disulfide/total thiol (P = 0.001) ratios, and ischemia modified albumin levels (ABSU, 0.71 ± 0.08 vs. 0.83 ± 0.07) were found to be higher in autoimmune gastritis patients with delayed gastric emptying (P = 0.001).

Conclusion

The results showed that thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with autoimmune gastritis caused an increase in ischemia modified albumin and disulfide whereas a decrease in thiols. An altered thiol/disulfide balance was also observed in patients with delayed gastric emptying. These results suggest that the oxidative process is involved in patients with autoimmune gastritis.

Impaired thiol/disulfide homeostasis in patients with mild acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND/AIMS

The aim of this study was to compare the dynamic thiol/disulfide (SS) homeostasis and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) concentration between healthy subjects and patients with mild acute pancreatitis (AP).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 28 patients with AP (AP group) and 35 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (control group) were included in this study. Serum thiols/SS and IMA concentrations were measured and compared between the two groups.

RESULTS

The mean serum native thiol (SH) and total thiol (TT) levels were significantly lower in the AP group than in the control group (224.7±80.3 μmol/L vs. 314.66±87.5 μmol/L, p<0.001 and 273.3±76.8 vs. 346.9±79 μmol/L, p<0.001, respectively). SS levels were significantly higher in the AP group than in the control group (24.2±11.1 μmol/L vs. 16.1±9.9 μmol/L, p<0.054). There were no differences in the IMA concentration and the mean IMA/albumin ratio (IMAR) between both the groups.

CONCLUSION

We found that mild AP may affect serum thiol and SS levels, and cause impaired thiol/SS homeostasis.

The role of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in neonatal sepsis

BACKGROUND AND AIM

The thiol-disulfide homeostasis is essential for the body to maintain effective antioxidant defense mechanisms. We aimed to show the relationship between sepsis and thiol-disulfide homeostasis in newborns.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

In this prospective study, 66 newborns with sepsis (group 1) and 51 healthy controls (group 2) were included. In group 1, 53 newborns were diagnosed as clinical sepsis (group 1a) and 13 as definite sepsis (group 1b). The study has two time points; the day of diagnosis (step 1) and three days after the treatment (step 2). At step 1, group 1 and group 2 were compared for thiol-disulfide homeostasis as well as inflammatory markers. At step 2, the same laboratory tests were repeated only in group 1.

RESULTS

At step 1, the levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were higher, while native thiol and total thiol levels were lower in group 1 compared to controls. Serum disulfide/total thiol ratio was also significantly higher in group 1. When analyzed for subgroups of group 1, demonstration of microorganism did not affect the serum thiol levels. Within group 1, at step 2, although CRP and IL-6 levels were significantly lowered compared to step 1, we did not observe significant changes in thiol-disulfide parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

The thiol-disulfide homeostasis may have a role in the pathogenesis of sepsis in newborns. The related parameters might be new markers for the diagnosis of sepsis in newborn patients. Further studies are needed to define the role of thiol-disulfide homeostasis in the course of neonatal sepsis.