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Kim M, Park T, Park C, Baek YC, Cho A, Lee HG, Kim E, Bok EY, Jung YH, Hur TY, Do YJ. Impact of rumen cannulation surgery on rumen microbiota composition in Hanwoo steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2024; 66:353-365. [PMID: 38628677 PMCID: PMC11016741 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2024.e17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Rumen cannulation is a surgical technique used to collect rumen contents from ruminants. However, rumen cannulation surgery may potentially impact the composition of the rumen microbiota. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal alterations in the rumen microbiota composition of Hanwoo steers after cannulation surgery. In this study, eight Hanwoo steers were used; four steers underwent rumen cannulation surgery (cannulation group), while the remaining four were left intact (control group). Rumen samples were collected from all eight steers using the stomach tubing method on the day before surgery (day 0) and on postoperative days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28, resulting in 80 samples (10 timepoints × 8 animals). The microbiota of all 80 samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing with Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology version 2 (QIIME2). There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in all major phyla and most major genera representing at least 0.5% of total sequences across all 80 samples between the control and cannulation groups on the preoperative and postoperative days. However, while the alpha diversity indices did not differ (p > 0.05) between the two groups on the preoperative day, they significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two groups on the postoperative days. Further, the overall microbial distribution based on both unweighted and weighted principal coordinate analysis plots significantly differed (p < 0.05) between the two groups on both the preoperative and postoperative days. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts indicated that major genera and microbial diversity in the cannulation group decreased following surgery but returned to their initial states by postoperative day 28. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that rumen cannulation surgery affects some major taxa and microbial diversity, suggesting that the rumen cannulation method can alter the composition of rumen microbiota in Hanwoo steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Cheolju Park
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Youl-Chang Baek
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology
Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Ara Cho
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Han Gyu Lee
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Eunju Kim
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Bok
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Young-Hun Jung
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Tai-Young Hur
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Do
- Division of Animal Diseases &
Health, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365,
Korea
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2
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Diaz GR, Gaire TN, Ferm P, Case L, Caixeta LS, Goldsmith TJ, Armstrong J, Noyes NR. Effect of castration timing and weaning strategy on the taxonomic and functional profile of ruminal bacteria and archaea of beef calves. Anim Microbiome 2023; 5:61. [PMID: 38041127 PMCID: PMC10691087 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00284-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beef cattle experience several management challenges across their lifecycle. Castration and weaning, two major interventions in the early life of beef cattle, can have a substantial impact on animal performance. Despite the key role of the rumen microbiome on productive traits of beef cattle, the effect of castration timing and weaning strategy on this microbial community has not been formally described. We assessed the effect of four castration time windows (at birth, turnout, pre-weaning and weaning) and two weaning strategies (fence-line and truck transportation) on the rumen microbiome in a randomized controlled study with 32 male calves across 3 collection days (i.e., time points). Ruminal fluid samples were submitted to shotgun metagenomic sequencing and changes in the taxonomic (microbiota) and functional profile (metagenome) of the rumen microbiome were described. RESULTS Using a comprehensive yet stringent taxonomic classification approach, we identified 10,238 unique taxa classified under 40 bacterial and 7 archaeal phyla across all samples. Castration timing had a limited long-term impact on the rumen microbiota and was not associated with changes in alpha and beta diversity. The interaction of collection day and weaning strategy was associated with changes in the rumen microbiota, which experienced a significant decrease in alpha diversity and shifts in beta diversity within 48 h post-weaning, especially in calves abruptly weaned by truck transportation. Calves weaned using a fence-line weaning strategy had lower relative abundance of Bacteroides, Lachnospira, Fibrobacter and Ruminococcus genera compared to calves weaned by truck transportation. Some genes involved in the hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis pathway (fwdB and fwdF) had higher relative abundance in fence-line-weaned calves post-weaning. The antimicrobial resistance gene tetW consistently represented more than 50% of the resistome across time, weaning and castration groups, without significant changes in relative abundance. CONCLUSIONS Within the context of this study, castration timing had limited long-term effects on the rumen microbiota, while weaning strategy had short-term effects on the rumen microbiota and methane-associated metagenome, but not on the rumen resistome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo R Diaz
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Tara N Gaire
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Peter Ferm
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Lacey Case
- North Central Research and Outreach Center, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Luciano S Caixeta
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Timothy J Goldsmith
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Joe Armstrong
- Agricultural and Natural Resource Systems, University of Minnesota Extension, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Noelle R Noyes
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA.
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3
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Williams CE, Brown AE, Williams CL. The role of diet and host species in shaping the seasonal dynamics of the gut microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2023; 99:fiad156. [PMID: 38070877 PMCID: PMC10750813 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiad156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays an important role in the health and fitness of hosts. While previous studies have characterized the importance of various ecological and evolutionary factors in shaping the composition of the gut microbiome, most studies have been cross-sectional in nature, ignoring temporal variation. Thus, it remains unknown how these same factors might affect the stability and dynamics of the gut microbiome over time, resulting in variation across the tree of life. Here, we used samples collected in each of four seasons for three taxa: the herbivorous southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum, n = 5); the carnivorous Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae, n = 5); and the red panda (Ailurus fulgens, n = 9), a herbivorous carnivore that underwent a diet shift in its evolutionary history from carnivory to a primarily bamboo-based diet. We characterize the variability of the gut microbiome among these three taxa across time to elucidate the influence of diet and host species on these dynamics. Altogether, we found that red pandas exhibit marked seasonal variation in their gut microbial communities, experiencing both high microbial community turnover and high variation in how individual red panda's gut microbiota respond to seasonal changes. Conversely, while the gut microbiota of rhinoceros change throughout the year, all individuals respond in the same way to seasonal changes. Tigers experience relatively low levels of turnover throughout the year, yet the ways in which individuals respond to seasonal transitions are highly varied. We highlight how the differences in microbiome richness and network connectivity between these three species may affect the level of temporal stability in the gut microbiota across the year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, United States
| | - Ashli E Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39762, United States
| | - Candace L Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, MS State, MS 39762, United States
- Beckman Center for Conservation Science, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA 92027, United States
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4
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Shephard RW, Maloney SK. A review of thermal stress in cattle. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:417-429. [PMID: 37620993 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Cattle control body temperature in a narrow range over varying climatic conditions. Endogenous body heat is generated by metabolism, digestion and activity. Radiation is the primary external source of heat transfer into the body of cattle. Cattle homeothermy uses behavioural and physiological controls to manage radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporative exchange of heat between the body and the environment, noting that evaporative mechanisms almost exclusively transfer body heat to the environment. Cattle control radiation by shade seeking (hot) and shelter (cold) and by huddling or standing further apart, noting there are intrinsic breed and age differences in radiative transfer potential. The temperature gradient between the skin and the external environment and wind speed (convection) determines heat transfer by these means. Cattle control these mechanisms by managing blood flow to the periphery (physiology), by shelter-seeking and standing/lying activity in the short term (behaviourally) and by modifying their coats and adjusting their metabolic rates in the longer term (acclimatisation). Evaporative heat loss in cattle is primarily from sweating, with some respiratory contribution, and is the primary mechanism for dissipating excess heat when environmental temperatures exceed skin temperature (~36°C). Cattle tend to be better adapted to cooler rather than hotter external conditions, with Bos indicus breeds more adapted to hotter conditions than Bos taurus. Management can minimise the risk of thermal stress by ensuring appropriate breeds of suitably acclimatised cattle, at appropriate stocking densities, fed appropriate diets (and water), and with access to suitable shelter and ventilation are better suited to their expected farm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Shephard
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S K Maloney
- School of Human Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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5
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Liu T, Gao C, Long S, Wang Q, He T, Wu Z, Chen Z. Drinking Heated Water Improves Performance via Increasing Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Function in Yak Calves. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2073. [PMID: 37443871 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heated water intake on the growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients and ruminal fermentation function of yak calves in winter. A total of 24 yaks (59.09 ± 3.181 kg) were randomly selected and divided into a cold water (fluctuated with the temperature of test sites at 0-10 °C) group (CW) (58.58 ± 3.592 kg) and a heated water (20 °C) group (HW) (59.61 ± 2.772 kg). After 2 months of the experiment, body weight, serum biochemical indexes, ruminal fermentation characteristics and ATTD were measured. The results showed that drinking heated water increased (p < 0.05) the total weight gain and average daily gain of yaks compared with those drinking cold water. Heated water increased (p < 0.05) the levels of immune globulin M, interleukin-6, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine and growth hormone compared with cold water. In addition, yaks drinking heated water showed higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of crude protein and ether extract, as well as increased (p < 0.05) content of total protein, albumin and urea nitrogen in serum than those drinking cold water. Compared with cold water, heated water showed increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid and propionic acid, and a reduced (p < 0.05) acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (p < 0.05). In conclusion, drinking heated water at 20 °C could improve performance via increasing nutrient digestibility and ruminal fermentation function in yak calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenxi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Choi H, Mun D, Ryu S, Kwak MJ, Kim BK, Park DJ, Oh S, Kim Y. Molecular characterization and functionality of rumen-derived extracellular vesicles using a Caenorhabditis elegans animal model. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:652-663. [PMID: 37332276 PMCID: PMC10271931 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The rumen fluids contain a wide range of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses. The various ruminal microorganisms in the rumen provide nutrients by fermenting the forage they eat. During metabolic processes, microorganisms present in the rumen release diverse vesicles during the fermentation process. Therefore, in this study, we confirmed the function of rumen extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their interaction with the host. We confirmed the structure of the rumen EVs by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the size of the particles using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Rumen EVs range in size from 100 nm to 400 nm and are composed of microvesicles, microparticles, and ectosomes. Using the Caenorhabditis elegans smart animal model, we verified the interaction between the host and rumen EVs. Exposure of C. elegans to rumen EVs did not significantly enhance longevity, whereas exposure to the pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus significantly increased lifespan. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis showed gene expression alterations in C. elegans exposed to rumen EVs, with significant changes in the metabolic pathway, fatty acid degradation, and biosynthesis of cofactors. Our study describes the effect of rumen EV interactions with the host and provides novel insights for discovering biotherapeutic agents in the animal industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Daye Mun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sangdon Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Min-jin Kwak
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Bum-Keun Kim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | | | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju 55069, Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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7
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Kim M. - Invited Review - Assessment of the gastrointestinal microbiota using 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing in ruminant nutrition. Anim Biosci 2023; 36:364-373. [PMID: 36701925 PMCID: PMC9899581 DOI: 10.5713/ab.22.0382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract of ruminants contains diverse microbes that ferment various feeds ingested by animals to produce various fermentation products, such as volatile fatty acids. Fermentation products can affect animal performance, health, and well-being. Within the GI microbes, the ruminal microbes are highly diverse, greatly contribute to fermentation, and are the most important in ruminant nutrition. Although traditional cultivation methods provided knowledge of the metabolism of GI microbes, most of the GI microbes could not be cultured on standard culture media. By contrast, amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA genes can be used to detect unculturable microbes. Using this approach, ruminant nutritionists and microbiologists have conducted a plethora of nutritional studies, many including dietary interventions, to improve fermentation efficiency and nutrient utilization, which has greatly expanded knowledge of the GI microbiota. This review addresses the GI content sampling method, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis and then discusses recent studies on the various factors, such as diet, breed, gender, animal performance, and heat stress, that influence the GI microbiota and thereby ruminant nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186,
Korea,Corresponding Author: Minseok Kim, Tel: +82-62-530-2128, Fax: +82-62-530-2129, E-mail:
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8
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Wang Z, Li Q, Lan X, Shen W, Wan F, He J, Tang S, Tan Z. Evaluation of stirring time through a rumen simulation technique: Influences on rumen fermentation and bacterial community. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1103222. [PMID: 36950158 PMCID: PMC10026382 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rumen motility is a key element that influences ruminant nutrition, whereas little is known about the effects of rumen contraction duration on rumen fermentation and ruminal microbiome. We previously reported that proper rotation speed of a rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) system enhanced rumen fermentation and microbial protein (MCP) production. In the present study, different contraction durations and intervals were simulated by setting different stirring times and intervals of the stirrers in a RUSITEC system. The objective of this trial was to evaluate the influences of stirring time on rumen fermentation characteristics, nutrient degradation, and ruminal bacterial microbiota in vitro. Methods This experiment was performed in a 3 × 3 Latin square design, with each experimental period comprising 4 d for adjustment and 3 d for sample collection. Three stirring time treatments were set: the constant stir (CS), the intermittent stir 1 (each stir for 5 min with an interval of 2 min, IS1), and the intermittent stir 2 (each stir for 4 min with an interval of 3 min, IS2). Results The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration, valerate molar proportion, ammonia nitrogen level, MCP density, protozoa count, disappearance rates of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber, emissions of total gas and methane, and the richness index Chao 1 for the bacterial community were higher (p < 0.05) in the IS1 when compared to those in the CS. The greatest TVFA, MCP, protozoa count, nutrient disappearance rates, gas productions, and bacterial richness indices of Ace and Chao 1 amongst all treatments were observed in the IS2. The relative abundance of the genus Treponema was enriched (p < 0.05) in CS, while the enrichment (p < 0.05) of Agathobacter ruminis and another two less known bacterial genera were identified in IS2. Discussion It could be concluded that the proper reduction in the stirring time might help to enhance the feed fermentation, MCP synthesis, gas production, and the relative abundances of specific bacterial taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Quan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Lan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weijun Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Weijun Shen,
| | - Fachun Wan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaoxun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiliang Tan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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9
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D’Souza GM, Dias Batista LF, Norris AB, Tedeschi LO. Effect of live yeast supplementation on energy partitioning and ruminal fermentation characteristics of steers fed a grower-type diet in heat-stress conditions. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:skac320. [PMID: 36181501 PMCID: PMC9683489 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this trial was to determine the influence of live yeast supplementation (LY), environmental condition (ENV), and their interaction (TRT) on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and ruminal fermentation dynamics of steers receiving a grower-type diet. The effects of LY and ENV were investigated using a 2 × 2 crossover design that spanned five periods. Eight Angus-crossbred steers were randomly split into pairs and housed in four outdoor pens outfitted with an individualized feeding system. Animals were limit-fed a grower diet (DIET) at 1.2% shrunk body weight (SBW) with no live yeast supplementation (NOY) or a grower diet top-dressed with 10 g LY/d for 14 d (1.2 × 1012 CFU/d). On days 13 and 14, animals were subjected to one of two ENV conditions, thermoneutral (TN; 18.4 ± 1.1 °C, 57.6 ± 2.8% relative humidity [RH]) or heat stress (HS; 33.8 ± 0.6 °C, 55.7 ± 2.7% RH), in two side-by-side, single-stall open-circuit, indirect respiration calorimetry chambers. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Carryover effects were examined and removed from the model if not significant. Gross (GE), digestible, metabolizable, heat, and retained energies were not influenced by DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.202). Gaseous energy, as a percentage of GE, tended to increase during HS (P = 0.097). The only carryover effect in the study was for oxygen consumption (P = 0.031), which could be attributed to the tendency of NOY (P = 0.068) to have greater oxygen consumption. DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.154) had no effects on total animal methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Similarly, DIET, ENV, or TRT (P ≥ 0.157) did not affect ruminal pH, redox, protozoa enumeration, ruminal ammonia concentrations, and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Propionate concentrations were the greatest in animals in TN conditions receiving LY (P = 0.034) compared to the other TRT. This effect is mirrored by TN-LY tending to have greater acetate concentrations (P = 0.076) and total VFA concentrations (P = 0.065). Butyrate concentrations tended to be greater for animals fed LY (P = 0.09). There was a tendency for LY to have elevated numbers of Fusobacterium necrophorum (P = 0.053). Although this study lacked effects of LY on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and some ruminal parameters during HS, further research should be completed to understand if LY is a plausible mitigation technique to enhance beef animals' performance in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve M D’Souza
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
| | | | - Aaron B Norris
- Department of Natural Resources Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
| | - Luis O Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471, USA
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10
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Sim S, Lee H, Yoon S, Seon H, Park C, Kim M. The impact of different diets and genders on fecal microbiota in Hanwoo cattle. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:897-910. [PMID: 36287745 PMCID: PMC9574620 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bovine fecal microbiota is important for host health and its composition can be
affected by various factors, such as diet, age, species, breed, regions, and
environments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of diet and
gender on fecal microbiota in Korean native Hanwoo cattle. The 16S rRNA gene
amplicon sequencing of fecal microbiota was conducted from 44 Hanwoo cattle
divided into four groups: (1) 11 heifers fed an oat hay plus total mixed ration
(TMR) diet for breeding (HOTB), (2) 11 heifers fed an early fattening TMR diet
(HEFT), (3) 11 steers fed the early fattening TMR diet (SEFT), and (4) 11 steers
fed the late fattening TMR diet (SLFT). Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the
first and second most dominant phyla in all the samples, respectively. The
Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio associated with feed efficiency was
significantly greater in the SLFT group than in the other groups. At the genus
level, Romboutsia, Paeniclostridium, and
Turicibacterwere the most abundant in the SLFT while
Akkermansia, Bacteroides, and
Monoglobus were the most abundant in the HOTB group.
Although the same early fattening TMR diet was fed to Hanwoo heifers and steers,
Marvinbryantia and Coprococcus were the
most abundant in the HEFT group while Alistipes and
Ruminococcus were the most abundant in the SEFT group.
Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were significantly lower in the SLFT group
than in the other groups. Distribution of fecal microbiota and functional
genetic profiles were significantly different among the four treatment groups.
The present study demonstrates that different diets and genders can affect fecal
microbiota and the F/B ratio may be associated with feed efficiency in Hanwoo
cattle. Our results may help develop strategies to improve gut health and
productivity through manipulation of fecal microbiota using the appropriate diet
considering Hanwoo cattle gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyeun Sim
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Huseong Lee
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea,Graduate School of Agricultural Science,
Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Sang Yoon
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hyeonsu Seon
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Cheolju Park
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- Division of Animal Science, Chonnam
National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea,Corresponding author Minseok Kim,
Division of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
Tel: +82-62-530-2128, E-mail:
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11
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Czech B, Szyda J, Wang K, Luo H, Wang Y. Fecal microbiota and their association with heat stress in Bos taurus. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:171. [PMID: 35790909 PMCID: PMC9254560 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Humans have been influencing climate changes by burning fossil fuels, farming livestock, and cutting down rainforests, which has led to global temperature rise. This problem of global warming affects animals by causing heat stress, which negatively affects their health, biological functions, and reproduction. On the molecular level, it has been proved that heat stress changes the expression level of genes and therefore causes changes in proteome and metabolome. The importance of a microbiome in many studies showed that it is considered as individuals’ “second genome”. Physiological changes caused by heat stress may impact the microbiome composition. Results In this study, we identified fecal microbiota associated with heat stress that was quantified by three metrics – rectal temperature, drooling, and respiratory scores represented by their Estimated Breeding Values. We analyzed the microbiota from 136 fecal samples of Chinese Holstein cows through a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach. Statistical modeling was performed using a negative binomial regression. The analysis revealed the total number of 24 genera and 12 phyla associated with heat stress metrics. Rhizobium and Pseudobutyrivibrio turned out to be the most significant genera, while Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were the most significant phyla. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that three heat stress indicators quantify different metabolic ways of animals’ reaction to heat stress. Other studies already identified that those genera had significantly increased abundance in mice exposed to stressor-induced changes. Conclusions This study provides insights into the analysis of microbiome composition in cattle using heat stress measured as a continuous variable. The bacteria highly associated with heat stress were highlighted and can be used as biomarkers in further microbiological studies.
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12
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Park T, Ma L, Gao S, Bu D, Yu Z. Heat stress impacts the multi-domain ruminal microbiota and some of the functional features independent of its effect on feed intake in lactating dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:71. [PMID: 35701804 PMCID: PMC9199214 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heat stress (HS) affects the ruminal microbiota and decreases the lactation performance of dairy cows. Because HS decreases feed intake, the results of previous studies were confounded by the effect of HS on feed intake. This study examined the direct effect of HS on the ruminal microbiota using lactating Holstein cows that were pair-fed and housed in environmental chambers in a 2 × 2 crossover design. The cows were pair-fed the same amount of identical total mixed ration to eliminate the effect of feed or feed intake. The composition and structure of the microbiota of prokaryotes, fungi, and protozoa were analyzed using metataxonomics and compared between two thermal conditions: pair-fed thermoneutrality (PFTN, thermal humidity index: 65.5) and HS (87.2 for daytime and 81.8 for nighttime). Results The HS conditions altered the structure of the prokaryotic microbiota and the protozoal microbiota, but not the fungal microbiota. Heat stress significantly increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes (primarily Gram-negative bacteria) while decreasing that of Firmicutes (primarily Gram-positive bacteria) and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. Some genera were exclusively found in the heat-stressed cows and thermal control cows. Some co-occurrence and mutual exclusion between some genera were also found exclusively for each thermal condition. Heat stress did not significantly affect the overall functional features predicted using the 16S rRNA gene sequences and ITS1 sequences, but some enzyme-coding genes altered their relative abundance in response to HS. Conclusions Overall, HS affected the prokaryotes, fungi, and protozoa of the ruminal microbiota in lactating Holstein cows to a different extent, but the effect on the structure of ruminal microbiota and functional profiles was limited when not confounded by the effect on feed intake. However, some genera and co-occurrence were exclusively found in the rumen of heat-stressed cows. These effects should be attributed to the direct effect of heat stress on the host metabolism, physiology, and behavior. Some of the “heat-stress resistant” microbes may be useful as potential probiotics for cows under heat stress. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40104-022-00717-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tansol Park
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengpan Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China. .,CAAS-ICRAF Joint Lab on Agroforestry and Sustainable Animal Husbandry, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Liu E, Sun M, He C, Mao K, Li Q, Zhang J, Wu D, Wang S, Zheng C, Li W, Gong S, Xue F, Wu H. Rumen Microbial Metabolic Responses of Dairy Cows to the Honeycomb Flavonoids Supplement Under Heat-Stress Conditions. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:845911. [PMID: 35372554 PMCID: PMC8964602 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.845911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids played critical roles in stabilizing microbial homoeostasis when animals suffered exoteric stresses. However, whether flavonoids attenuated heat stress of dairy cows is still not clear. Therefore, in the present article, flavonoids extracted from honeycomb were supplemented to investigate the production, digestibility, and rumen microbial metabolism responses of cows under heat stress conditions. A total of 600 multiparous dairy herds were randomly allotted into the control treatment (CON), the heat stress (HS) treatment, and the honeycomb flavonoids supplement under heat stress conditions (HF) treatment for a 30-day-long trial. Each treatment contains 4 replicates, with 50 cows in each replicate. Production performances including dry matter intake (DMI), milk production, and milk quality were measured on the basis of replicate. Furthermore, two cows of each replicate were selected for the measurement of the nutrient digestibility, the ruminal fermentable parameters including ruminal pH, volatile fatty acids, and ammonia-N, and the rumen microbial communities and metabolism. Results showed that HF effectively increased DMI, milk yield, milk fat, and ruminal acetate content (p < 0.05) compared with HS. Likewise, digestibility of NDF was promoted after HF supplement compared with HS. Furthermore, relative abundances of rumen microbial diversities especially Succiniclasticum, Pseudobutyrivibrio, Acetitomaculum, Streptococcus, and Succinivibrio, which mainly participated in energy metabolism, significantly improved after HF supplement. Metabolomic investigation showed that HF supplement significantly upregulated relative content of lipometabolic-related metabolites such as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, and phosphatidylethanolamine, while it downregulated biogenic amines. In summary, HF supplement helps proliferate microbial abundances, which further promoted fiber digestibility and energy provision, and ultimately enhances the production performances of dairy cows under heat stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Liu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mengxue Sun
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chenxin He
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kang Mao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Li
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhong Zhang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deyong Wu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuanxia Zheng
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shimin Gong
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Fuguang Xue
| | - Huadong Wu
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Animal Health and Safety Production, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
- Huadong Wu
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14
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Kim SH, Ramos SC, Valencia RA, Cho YI, Lee SS. Heat Stress: Effects on Rumen Microbes and Host Physiology, and Strategies to Alleviate the Negative Impacts on Lactating Dairy Cows. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:804562. [PMID: 35295316 PMCID: PMC8919045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.804562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) in dairy cows causes considerable losses in the dairy industry worldwide due to reduced animal performance, increased cases of metabolic disorders, altered rumen microbiome, and other health problems. Cows subjected to HS showed decreased ruminal pH and acetate concentration and an increased concentration of ruminal lactate. Heat-stressed cows have an increased abundance of lactate-producing bacteria such as Streptococcus and unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, and soluble carbohydrate utilizers such as Ruminobacter, Treponema, and unclassified Bacteroidaceae. Cellulolytic bacteria, especially Fibrobacteres, increase during HS due to a high heat resistance. Actinobacteria and Acetobacter, both acetate-producing bacteria, decreased under HS conditions. Rumen fermentation functions, blood parameters, and metabolites are also affected by the physiological responses of the animal during HS. Isoleucine, methionine, myo-inositol, lactate, tryptophan, tyrosine, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, 3-phenylpropionic acid, urea, and valine decreased under these conditions. These responses affect feed consumption and production efficiency in milk yield, growth rate, and reproduction. At the cellular level, activation of heat shock transcription factor (HSF) (located throughout the nucleus and the cytoplasm) and increased expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) are the usual responses to cope with homeostasis. HSP70 is the most abundant HSP family responsible for the environmental stress response, while HSF1 is essential for increasing cell temperature. The expression of bovine lymphocyte antigen and histocompatibility complex class II (DRB3) is downregulated during HS, while HSP90 beta I and HSP70 1A are upregulated. HS increases the expression of the cytosolic arginine sensor for mTORC1 subunits 1 and 2, phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and decreases the phosphorylation of Janus kinase-2 (a signal transducer and activator of transcription factor-5). These changes in physiology, metabolism, and microbiomes in heat-stressed dairy cows require urgent alleviation strategies. Establishing control measures to combat HS can be facilitated by elucidating mechanisms, including proper HS assessment, access to cooling facilities, special feeding and care, efficient water systems, and supplementation with vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, and probiotics. Understanding the relationship between HS and the rumen microbiome could contribute to the development of manipulation strategies to alleviate the influence of HS. This review comprehensively elaborates on the impact of HS in dairy cows and introduces different alleviation strategies to minimize HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Raniel A. Valencia
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Philippines
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
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15
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Miura H, Hashimoto T, Kawanishi Y, Kawauchi H, Inoue R, Shoji N, Saito K, Sekiya M, Saito Y, Yasuda J, Yonezawa C, Endo T, Kasuya H, Suzuki Y, Kobayashi Y, Koike S. Identification of the core rumen bacterial taxa and their population dynamics during the fattening period in Japanese Black cattle. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13601. [PMID: 34318572 PMCID: PMC9285599 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The rumen microbiota comprises a vast range of bacterial taxa, which may affect the production of high‐quality meat in Japanese Black cattle. The aim of this study was to identify core rumen microbiota in rumen fluid samples collected from 74 Japanese Black cattle raised under different dietary conditions using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. In the rumen of fattening Japanese Black cattle, 10 bacterial taxa, showing >1% average relative abundance and >95% prevalence, irrespective of the dietary conditions and the fattening periods, were identified as the core rumen bacterial taxa, which accounted for approximately 80% of the rumen microbiota in Japanese Black cattle. Additionally, population dynamics of the core rumen bacterial taxa revealed two distinct patterns: Prevotella spp. and unclassified Bacteroidales decreased in the mid‐fattening period, whereas unclassified Clostridiales, unclassified Ruminococcaceae, Ruminococcus spp., and unclassified Christensenellaceae increased during the same period. Therefore, the present study reports the wide distribution of the core rumen bacterial taxa in Japanese Black cattle, and the complementary nature of the population dynamics of these core taxa, which may ensure stable rumen fermentation during the fattening period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Miura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takuya Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yukiko Kawanishi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kawauchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ryo Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Setsunan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Shoji
- Livestock Experiment Station of Yamagata Integrated Agricultural Research Center, Yamagata, Japan
| | | | - Mario Sekiya
- Livestock Experiment Station, Akita Prefectural Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries Research Center, Akita, Japan
| | - Yosuke Saito
- Miyagi Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Jumpei Yasuda
- Animal Industry Research Institute, Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Iwate, Japan
| | - Chiemi Yonezawa
- Animal Industry Research Institute, Iwate Agricultural Research Center, Iwate, Japan
| | - Tetsushiro Endo
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Kasuya
- Hokkaido Research Organization, Animal Research Center, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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16
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Hong SW, Park J, Jeong H, Kim M. Evaluation of the microbiome composition in particulate matter inside and outside of pig houses. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:640-650. [PMID: 34189511 PMCID: PMC8203996 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) produced in pig houses may contain microbes which can
spread by airborne transmission, and PM and microbes in PM adversely affect
human and animal health. To investigate the microbiome in PM from pig houses,
nine PM samples were collected in summer 2020 inside and outside of pig houses
located in Jangseong-gun, Jeollanam-do Province, Korea, comprising three PM
samples from within a nursery pig house (I-NPH), three samples from within a
finishing pig house (I-FPH), and three samples from outside of the pig houses
(O-PH). Microbiomes were analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
Firmicutes was the most dominant phylum and accounted for 64.8%–97.5% of
total sequences in all the samples, followed by Proteobacteria
(1.4%–21.8%) and Bacteroidetes (0.3%–13.7%). In total, 31 genera
were represented by > 0.3% of all sequences, and only
Lactobacillus, Turicibacter, and
Aerococcus differed significantly among the three PM sample
types. All three genera were more abundant in the I-FPH samples than in the O-PH
samples. Alpha diversity indices did not differ significantly among the three PM
types, and a principal coordinate analysis suggested that overall microbial
communities were similar across PM types. The concentration of PM did not
significantly differ among the three PM types, and no significant correlation of
PM concentration with the abundance of any potential pathogen was observed. The
present study demonstrates that microbial composition in PM inside and outside
of pig houses is similar, indicating that most microbe-containing PM inside pig
houses leaks to the outside from where it, along with microbe-containing PM on
the outside, may re-enter the pig houses. Our results may provide useful
insights regarding strategies to mitigate potential risk associated with pig
farming PM and pathogens in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Woon Hong
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Jinseon Park
- AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Hanna Jeong
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Education and Research Unit for Climate-Smart Reclaimed-Tideland Agriculture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Minseok Kim
- AgriBio Institute of Climate Change Management, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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17
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Islam M, Kim SH, Son AR, Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Yu Z, Kang SH, Cho YI, Lee SS, Cho KK, Lee SS. Seasonal Influence on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions of Holstein and Jersey Steers under the Same Total Mixed Ration. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1184. [PMID: 33924248 PMCID: PMC8074768 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal effects on rumen microbiome and enteric methane (CH4) emissions are poorly documented. In this study, 6 Holstein and 6 Jersey steers were fed the same total mixed ration diet during winter, spring, and summer seasons under a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement for 30 days per season. The dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation characteristics, enteric CH4 emissions and rumen microbiota were analyzed. Holstein had higher total DMI than Jersey steers regardless of season. However, Holstein steers had the lowest metabolic DMI during summer, while Jersey steers had the lowest total DMI during winter. Jersey steers had higher CH4 yields and intensities than Holstein steers regardless of season. The pH was decreased, while ammonia nitrogen concentration was increased in summer regardless of breed. Total volatile fatty acids concentration and propionate proportions were the highest in winter, while acetate and butyrate proportion were the highest in spring and in summer, respectively, regardless of breed. Moreover, Holstein steers produced a higher proportion of propionate, while Jersey steers produced a higher proportion of butyrate regardless of season. Metataxonomic analysis of rumen microbiota showed that operational taxonomic units and Chao 1 estimates were lower and highly unstable during summer, while winter had the lowest Shannon diversity. Beta diversity analysis suggested that the overall rumen microbiota was shifted according to seasonal changes in both breeds. In winter, the rumen microbiota was dominated by Carnobacterium jeotgali and Ruminococcus bromii, while in summer, Paludibacter propionicigenes was predominant. In Jersey steers, Capnocytophaga cynodegmi, Barnesiella viscericola and Flintibacter butyricus were predominant, whereas in Holstein steers, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens and Gilliamella bombicola were predominant. Overall results suggest that seasonal changes alter rumen microbiota and fermentation characteristics of both breeds; however, CH4 emissions from steers were significantly influenced by breeds, not by seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - Chang-Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
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18
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Patra AK, Kar I. Heat stress on microbiota composition, barrier integrity, and nutrient transport in gut, production performance, and its amelioration in farm animals. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:211-247. [PMID: 33987600 PMCID: PMC8071753 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Livestock species experience several stresses, particularly weaning,
transportation, overproduction, crowding, temperature, and diseases in their
life. Heat stress (HS) is one of the most stressors, which is encountered in
livestock production systems throughout the world, especially in the tropical
regions and is likely to be intensified due to global rise in environmental
temperature. The gut has emerged as one of the major target organs affected by
HS. The alpha- and beta-diversity of gut microbiota composition are altered due
to heat exposure to animals with greater colonization of pathogenic microbiota
groups. HS also induces several changes in the gut including damages of
microstructures of the mucosal epithelia, increased oxidative insults, reduced
immunity, and increased permeability of the gut to toxins and pathogens.
Vulnerability of the intestinal barrier integrity leads to invasion of
pathogenic microbes and translocation of antigens to the blood circulations,
which ultimately may cause systematic inflammations and immune responses.
Moreover, digestion of nutrients in the guts may be impaired due to reduced
enzymatic activity in the digesta, reduced surface areas for absorption and
injury to the mucosal structure and altered expressions of the nutrient
transport proteins and genes. The systematic hormonal changes due to HS along
with alterations in immune and inflammatory responses often cause reduced feed
intake and production performance in livestock and poultry. The altered
microbiome likely orchestrates to the hosts for various relevant biological
phenomena occurring in the body, but the exact mechanisms how functional
communications occur between the microbiota and HS responses are yet to be
elucidated. This review aims to discuss the effects of HS on microbiota
composition, mucosal structure, oxidant-antioxidant balance mechanism, immunity,
and barrier integrity in the gut, and production performance of farm animals
along with the dietary ameliorations of HS. Also, this review attempts to
explain the mechanisms how these biological responses are affected by HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
| | - Indrajit Kar
- Department of Avian Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal 700037, India
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