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Arteaga-Blanco LA, Evans AE, Dixon DA. Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and Non-Extracellular Vesicle Components from APC Min/+ Mice Promote Pro-Tumorigenic Activities and Activate Human Colonic Fibroblasts via the NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Cells 2024; 13:1195. [PMID: 39056778 PMCID: PMC11274984 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer worldwide. Current studies have demonstrated that tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) from different cancer cell types modulate the fibroblast microenvironment to contribute to cancer development and progression. Here, we isolated and characterized circulating large EVs (LEVs), small EVs (SEVs) and non-EV entities released in the plasma from wild-type (WT) mice and the APCMin/+ CRC mice model. Our results showed that human colon fibroblasts exposed from APC-EVs, but not from WT-EVs, exhibited the phenotypes of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) through EV-mediated NF-κB pathway activation. Cytokine array analysis on secreted proteins revealed elevated levels of inflammatory cytokine implicated in cancer growth and metastasis. Finally, non-activated cells co-cultured with supernatant from fibroblasts treated with APC-EVs showed increased mRNA expressions of CAFs markers, the ECM, inflammatory cytokines, as well as the expression of genes controlled by NF-κB. Altogether, our work suggests that EVs and non-EV components from APCMin/+ mice are endowed with pro-tumorigenic activities and promoted inflammation and a CAF-like state by triggering NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts to support CRC growth and progression. These findings provide insight into the interaction between plasma-derived EVs and human cells and can be used to design new CRC diagnosis and prognosis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew E. Evans
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Dan A. Dixon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
- University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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2
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Kuru-Yaşar R, Üstün-Aytekin Ö. The Crucial Roles of Diet, Microbiota, and Postbiotics in Colorectal Cancer. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:126-151. [PMID: 38483752 PMCID: PMC11133122 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Colorectal cancer is the second deadliest cancer in the world, and its prevalence has been increasing alarmingly in recent years. After researchers discovered the existence of dysbiosis in colorectal cancer, they considered the use of probiotics in the treatment of colorectal cancer. However, for various reasons, including the low safety profile of probiotics in susceptible and immunocompromised patient5s, and the risk of developing antibiotic resistance, researchers have shifted their focus to non-living cells, their components, and metabolites. This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the literature on the effects of diet, microbiota, and postbiotics on colorectal cancer and the future of postbiotics. RECENT FINDINGS The link between diet, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer has been established primarily as a relationship rather than a cause-effect relationship. The gut microbiota can convert gastrointestinal tract and dietary factors into either onco-metabolites or tumor suppressor metabolites. There is serious dysbiosis in the microbiota in colorectal cancer. Postbiotics appear to be promising agents in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. It has been shown that various postbiotics can selectively induce apoptosis in CRC, inhibit cell proliferation, growth, invasion, and migration, modulate the immune system, suppress carcinogenic signaling pathways, maintain intestinal epithelial integrity, and have a synergistic effect with chemotherapy drugs. However, it is also reported that some postbiotics are ineffective and may be risky in terms of safety profile in some patients. Many issues need to be researched about postbiotics. Large-scale, randomized, double-blind clinical studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya Kuru-Yaşar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Özlem Üstün-Aytekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hamidiye Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, 34668, Istanbul, Türkiye.
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3
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Hwang SH, Lee YJ, Choi YH, Huh DA, Kang MS, Moon KW. Long-term effects of the Hebei Spirit oil spill on the prevalence and incidence of allergic disorders. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168801. [PMID: 38008335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
The Hebei Spirit oil spill accident occurred in December 2007, approximately 10 km off the coast of Taean, South Korea, a location notably close to residential areas. Crude oil substances have been detected in various environmental mediums since the accident, yet previous studies have primarily focused on the acute effects of oil exposure due to the short latency period of allergic diseases. Therefore, this study evaluated the long-term effects of oil spill exposure on allergic disorders. Our study included adult residents who had participated in the Health Effects Research on Hebei Spirit Oil Spill (HEROS) study up to five years post-incident, which was a prospective cohort to monitor the health status of Taean residents. We used two indicators to assess oil spill exposure, namely the distance from the initial contaminated coastline to each participant's residence and the number of days participants had engaged in oil clean-up work. Current symptoms such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and multimorbidity were considered allergic disorders. In the baseline survey, the prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and allergic multimorbidity symptoms was associated with both exposure indicators; however, these associations were not observed in the two consecutive surveys. Significant longitudinal associations between oil spill exposure indicators and the four allergic disorders, as well as multimorbidity incidences, were observed during a five-year follow-up period. Our results suggest that oil spill exposure can affect acute and long-term allergic symptoms in residents near the accident site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Hyun Hwang
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Lee
- Regional Environmental Health Center, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Choi
- Department of Health and Safety Convergence Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-An Huh
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Sung Kang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, 31 Suncheonhyang 6-gil, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan-si 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Whan Moon
- Department of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR R & E Center for Learning Health System, Korea University, Anam-ro 145, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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4
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Igder S, Zamani M, Fakher S, Siri M, Ashktorab H, Azarpira N, Mokarram P. Circulating Nucleic Acids in Colorectal Cancer: Diagnostic and Prognostic Value. DISEASE MARKERS 2024; 2024:9943412. [PMID: 38380073 PMCID: PMC10878755 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9943412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer in the world and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality. DNA (cfDNA/ctDNA) and RNA (cfRNA/ctRNA) in the blood are promising noninvasive biomarkers for molecular profiling, screening, diagnosis, treatment management, and prognosis of CRC. Technological advancements that enable precise detection of both genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, even in minute quantities in circulation, can overcome some of these challenges. This review focuses on testing for circulating nucleic acids in the circulation as a noninvasive method for CRC detection, monitoring, detection of minimal residual disease, and patient management. In addition, the benefits and drawbacks of various diagnostic techniques and associated bioinformatics tools have been detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Igder
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shima Fakher
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology Division and Cancer Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Negar Azarpira
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Zabeti Touchaei A, Vahidi S, Samadani AA. Decoding the regulatory landscape of lncRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for gastric and colorectal cancers. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:29. [PMID: 38294554 PMCID: PMC10830721 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01260-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastric cancer (GC) are major contributors to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite advancements in understanding molecular mechanisms and improved drug treatments, the overall survival rate for patients remains unsatisfactory. Metastasis and drug resistance are major challenges contributing to the high mortality rate in both CRC and GC. Recent research has shed light on the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the development and progression of these cancers. LncRNAs regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications and interactions with microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins. They can serve as miRNA precursors or pseudogenes, modulating gene expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Additionally, circulating lncRNAs have emerged as non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of drug therapy response in CRC and GC. This review explores the intricate relationship between lncRNAs and CRC/GC, encompassing their roles in cancer development, progression, and chemoresistance. Furthermore, it discusses the potential of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets in these malignancies. The interplay between lncRNAs, miRNAs, and tumor microenvironment is also highlighted, emphasizing their impact on the complexity of cancer biology. Understanding the regulatory landscape and molecular mechanisms governed by lncRNAs in CRC and GC is crucial for the development of effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as novel therapeutic strategies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge and paves the way for further exploration of lncRNAs as key players in the management of CRC and GC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sogand Vahidi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Samadani
- Guilan Road Trauma Research Center, Trauma Institute, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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6
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Li X, Li J, Li J, Liu N, Zhuang L. Development and validation of epigenetic modification-related signals for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:51. [PMID: 38212708 PMCID: PMC10782594 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's most common malignancies. Epigenetics is the study of heritable changes in characteristics beyond the DNA sequence. Epigenetic information is essential for maintaining specific expression patterns of genes and the normal development of individuals, and disorders of epigenetic modifications may alter the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and affect the development of cancer. This study elucidates the relationship between epigenetics and the prognosis of CRC patients by developing a predictive model to explore the potential value of epigenetics in the treatment of CRC. METHODS Gene expression data of CRC patients' tumor tissue and controls were downloaded from GEO database. Combined with the 720 epigenetic-related genes (ERGs) downloaded from EpiFactors database, prognosis-related epigenetic genes were selected by univariate cox and LASSO analyses. The Kaplan-Meier and ROC curve were used to analyze the accuracy of the model. Data of 238 CRC samples with survival data downloaded from the GSE17538 were used for validation. Finally, the risk model is combined with the clinical characteristics of CRC patients to perform univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis to obtain independent risk factors and draw nomogram. Then we evaluated the accuracy of its prediction by calibration curves. RESULTS A total of 2906 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between CRC and control samples. After overlapping DEGs with 720 ERGs, 56 epigenetic-related DEGs (DEERGs) were identified. Combining univariate and LASSO regression analysis, the 8 epigenetic-related genes-based risk score model of CRC was established. The ROC curves and survival difference of high and low risk groups revealed the good performance of the risk score model based on prognostic biomarkers in both training and validation sets. A nomogram with good performance to predict the survival of CRC patients were established based on age, NM stage and risk score. The calibration curves showed that the prognostic model had good predictive performance. CONCLUSION In this study, an epigenetically relevant 8-gene signature was constructed that can effectively predict the prognosis of CRC patients and provide potential directions for targeted therapies for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nannan Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Liwei Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Boopathy LK, Roy A, Gopal T, Kandy RRK, Arumugam MK. Potential molecular mechanisms of myrtenal against colon cancer: A systematic review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23525. [PMID: 37665681 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is a serious health problem across the globe with various dietary lifestyle modifications. It arises as an inflammation mediated crypts in the colon epithelial cells and undergoes uncontrolled cell division and proliferation. Bacterial enzymes contribute to a major outbreak in colon cancer development upon the release of toxic metabolites from the gut microflora. Pathogen associated molecular patterns and damage associated molecular patterns triggers the NLPR3 inflammasome pathways that releases pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce cancer of the colon. Contributing to this, specific chemokines and receptor complexes attribute to cellular proliferation and metastasis. Bacterial enzymes synergistically attack the colon mucosa and degenerate the cellular integrity causing lysosomal discharge. These factors further instigate the Tol like receptors (TLRs) and Nod like receptors (NLRs) to promote angiogenesis and supply nutrients for the cancer cells. Myrtenal, a monoterpene, is gaining more importance in recent times and it is being widely utilized against many diseases such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Based on the research data's, the reviews focus on the anticancer property of myrtenal by emphasizing its therapeutic properties which downregulate the inflammasome pathways and other signalling pathways. Combination therapy is gaining more importance as they can target every variant in the cellular stress condition. Clinical studies with compounds like myrtenal of the monoterpenes family is provided with positive results which might open an effective anticancer drug therapy. This review highlights myrtenal and its biological potency as a cost effective drug for prevention and treatment of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh Kumar Boopathy
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Roy
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thiyagarajan Gopal
- Centre for Laboratory Animal Technology and Research, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rakhee Rathnam Kalari Kandy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Madan Kumar Arumugam
- Cancer Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mozooni Z, Golestani N, Sadeghi H. Investigation of GNB1 derivative circular RNAs hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362 expressions in colorectal cancer patients: potential new diagnostic factors. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2024; 17:37-44. [PMID: 38737931 PMCID: PMC11080687 DOI: 10.22037/ghfbb.v17i1.2863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim We aim to investigate the relationship between hsa_circ_0009361 plus hsa_circ_0009362 expression levels and the clinicopathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are implicated in the progression and development of CRC. CircRNAs have been recognized as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, opening up a new window to comprehend the molecular basis of CRC. Given the significance of circRNAs and the G protein subunit b1 (GNB1) gene in malignancies, the goal of the current investigation was to determine the expression levels of GNB1 derivative circular RNAs circGNB1 (hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362) in CRC and adjacent control tissues. Methods The expression levels of the GNB1 derivative circular RNAs (hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362) were evaluated using the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method in 45 CRC tissues and adjacent control tissues. Furthermore, we analyzed the diagnostic power of the mentioned circRNAs by plotting the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The association between the expression levels of hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362 was evaluated using correlation analysis. Results Our results revealed that the expression levels of hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362 were significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues compared to the adjacent control group. Analysis of patients' clinicopathological features indicated that expressions of hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362 were differently related to lymph vascular invasion (P<0.001). ROC curve results showed that these circRNAs are good candidate diagnostic biomarkers in CRCs. Pearson's correlation test revealed a positive correlation between hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362 expression levels (P<0.0001). Conclusion These results demonstrated that hsa_circ_0009361 and hsa_circ_0009362 expression levels may be used as possible diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Mozooni
- Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Golestani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Sadeghi
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abdulla MH, Alzailai AA, Vaali-Mohammed MA, Ahmad R, Fatima S, Zubaidi A, Traiki TB, Mahmood A, Hamoud Alrashoudi R, Khan Z. The platinum coordination complex inhibits cell invasion-migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by altering the TGF-β-SMAD pathway in colorectal cancer. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178190. [PMID: 38027033 PMCID: PMC10679924 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: There is a steady increase in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidences worldwide; at diagnosis, about 20 percent of cases show metastases. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is one of the critical pathways that influence the expression of cadherins allowing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is involved in the progression of the normal colorectal epithelium to adenoma and metastatic carcinoma. The current study aimed to investigate the impact of a novel coordination complex of platinum (salicylaldiminato) PT(II) complex with dimethyl propylene linkage (PT-complex) on TGF-β and EMT markers involved in the invasion and migration of the human HT-29 and SW620 CRC cell lines. Methods: Functional study and wound healing assay showed PT-complex significantly reduced cell motility and the migration and invasion of CRC cell lines compared to the untreated control. Western blot performed in the presence and absence of TGF-β demonstrated that PT-complex significantly regulated the TGF-β-mediated altered expressions of EMT markers. Results and Discussion: PT-complex attenuated the migration and invasion by upregulating the protein expression of EMT-suppressing factor E-cadherin and suppressing EMT-inducing factors such as N-Cadherin and Vimentin. Moreover, PT-complex significantly suppressed the activation of SMAD3 in both CRC cell lines. Further, the microarray data analysis revealed differential expression of genes related to invasion and migration. In conclusion, besides displaying antiproliferative activity, the PT complex can decrease the metastasis of CRC cell lines by modulating TGF-β-regulated EMT markers. These findings provide new insight into TGF-β/SMAD signaling as the molecular mechanism involved in the antitumoral properties of novel PT-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha-Hamadien Abdulla
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aminah Ahmad Alzailai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansoor-Ali Vaali-Mohammed
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rehan Ahmad
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabiha Fatima
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Zubaidi
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer bin Traiki
- Colorectal Research Chair, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amer Mahmood
- Stem Cell Unit, Department of Anatomy, King Saud University College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Hamoud Alrashoudi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid Khan
- Genome Research Chair, Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Khadempar S, Lotfi M, Haghiralsadat F, Saidijam M, Ghasemi N, Afshar S. Lansoprazole as a potent HDAC2 inhibitor for treatment of colorectal cancer: An in-silico analysis and experimental validation. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107518. [PMID: 37806058 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), belonging to the class I HDAC family, holds significant therapeutic potential as a crucial target for diverse cancer types. As key players in the realm of epigenetic regulatory enzymes, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are intricately involved in the onset and progression of cancer. Consequently, pursuing isoform-specific inhibitors targeting histone deacetylases (HDACs) has garnered substantial interest in both biological and medical circles. The objective of the present investigation was to employ a drug repurposing approach to discover novel and potent HDAC2 inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, our protocol is presented on virtual screening to identify novel potential HDAC2 inhibitors through 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, pharmacophore modeling, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Afterward, In-vitro assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and migration of HCT-116 cell lines under treatment of hit compound and valproic acid as a control inhibitor. The expression levels of HDAC2, TP53, BCL2, and BAX were evaluated by QRT-PCR. RESULTS RMSD, RMSF, H-bond, and DSSP analysis results confirmed that among bioinformatically selected compounds, lansoprazole exhibited the highest HDAC2 inhibitory potential. Experimental validation revealed that lansoprazole displayed significant antiproliferative activity. The determined IC50 value was 400 ± 2.36 μM. Furthermore, the apoptotic cells ratio concentration-dependently increased under Lansoprazole treatment. Results of the Scratch assay indicated that lansoprazole led to decreasing the migration of CRC cells. Finally, under Lansoprazole treatment the expression level of BCL2 and HDAC2 decreased and BAX and TP53 increased. CONCLUSION Taking together the results of the current study indicated that Lansoprazole as a novel HDAC2 inhibitor, could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of CRC. Although, further experimental studies should be performed before using this compound in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saedeh Khadempar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Lotfi
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Haghiralsadat
- Medical Nanotechnology & Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Massoud Saidijam
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ghasemi
- Abortion Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Saeid Afshar
- Cancer Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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11
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Montero-Calle A, Jiménez de Ocaña S, Benavente-Naranjo R, Rejas-González R, Bartolomé RA, Martínez-Useros J, Sanz R, Dziaková J, Fernández-Aceñero MJ, Mendiola M, Casal JI, Peláez-García A, Barderas R. Functional Proteomics Characterization of the Role of SPRYD7 in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Cells 2023; 12:2548. [PMID: 37947626 PMCID: PMC10648221 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SPRY domain-containing protein 7 (SPRYD7) is a barely known protein identified via spatial proteomics as being upregulated in highly metastatic-to-liver KM12SM colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in comparison to its isogenic poorly metastatic KM12C CRC cells. Here, we aimed to analyze SPRYD7's role in CRC via functional proteomics. Through immunohistochemistry, the overexpression of SPRYD7 was observed to be associated with the poor survival of CRC patients and with an aggressive and metastatic phenotype. Stable SPRYD7 overexpression was performed in KM12C and SW480 poorly metastatic CRC cells and in their isogenic highly metastatic-to-liver-KM12SM-and-to-lymph-nodes SW620 CRC cells, respectively. Upon upregulation of SPRYD7, in vitro and in vivo functional assays confirmed a key role of SPRYD7 in the invasion and migration of CRC cells and in liver homing and tumor growth. Additionally, transient siRNA SPRYD7 silencing allowed us to confirm in vitro functional results. Furthermore, SPRYD7 was observed as an inductor of angiogenesis. In addition, the dysregulated SPRYD7-associated proteome and SPRYD7 interactors were elucidated via 10-plex TMT quantitative proteins, immunoproteomics, and bioinformatics. After WB validation, the biological pathways associated with the stable overexpression of SPRYD7 were visualized. In conclusion, it was demonstrated here that SPRYD7 is a novel protein associated with CRC progression and metastasis. Thus, SPRYD7 and its interactors might be of relevance in identifying novel therapeutic targets for advanced CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Montero-Calle
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Sofía Jiménez de Ocaña
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Ruth Benavente-Naranjo
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Raquel Rejas-González
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
| | - Rubén A. Bartolomé
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Javier Martínez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Health Research Institute-University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rodrigo Sanz
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (J.D.)
| | - Jana Dziaková
- Surgical Digestive Department, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (J.D.)
| | | | - Marta Mendiola
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - José Ignacio Casal
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alberto Peláez-García
- Molecular Pathology and Therapeutic Targets Group, La Paz University Hospital (IdiPAZ), 28046 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.); (A.P.-G.)
| | - Rodrigo Barderas
- Chronic Disease Programme (UFIEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain; (S.J.d.O.); (R.B.-N.); (R.R.-G.)
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12
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Postwala H, Shah Y, Parekh PS, Chorawala MR. Unveiling the genetic and epigenetic landscape of colorectal cancer: new insights into pathogenic pathways. Med Oncol 2023; 40:334. [PMID: 37855910 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02201-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complex disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic alterations, playing a crucial role in its development and progression. This review aims to provide insights into the emerging landscape of these alterations in CRC pathogenesis to develop effective diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Genetic alterations in signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, and PI3K/Akt/mTOR are pivotal in CRC development. Genetic profiling has identified distinct molecular subtypes, enabling personalized treatment strategies. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, also contribute to CRC pathogenesis by influencing critical cellular processes through gene silencing or activation. Non-coding RNAs have emerged as essential players in epigenetic regulation and CRC progression. Recent research highlights the interplay between genetic and epigenetic alterations in CRC. Genetic mutations can affect epigenetic modifications, leading to dysregulated gene expression and signaling cascades. Conversely, epigenetic changes can modulate genetic expression, amplifying or dampening the effects of genetic alterations. Advancements in understanding pathogenic pathways have potential clinical applications. Identifying genetic and epigenetic markers as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers promises more accurate risk assessment and early detection. Challenges remain, including validating biomarkers and developing robust therapeutic strategies through extensive research and clinical trials. The dynamic nature of genetic and epigenetic alterations necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their temporal and spatial patterns during CRC progression. In conclusion, the genetic and epigenetic landscape of CRC is increasingly being unraveled, providing valuable insights into its pathogenesis. Integrating genetic and epigenetic knowledge holds great potential for improving diagnostics, prognostics, and personalized therapies in CRC. Continued research efforts are vital to translate these findings into clinical practice, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humzah Postwala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Yesha Shah
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India
| | - Priyajeet S Parekh
- AV Pharma LLC, 1545 University Blvd N Ste A, Jacksonville, Florida, 32211, USA
| | - Mehul R Chorawala
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy Practice, L. M. College of Pharmacy, Opp. Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, 380009, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Mobeen SA, Saxena P, Jain AK, Deval R, Riazunnisa K, Pradhan D. Integrated bioinformatics approach to unwind key genes and pathways involved in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:1766-1774. [PMID: 38376276 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_620_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fifth leading cause of death in India. Until now, the exact pathogenesis concerning CRC signaling pathways is largely unknown; however, the diseased condition is believed to deteriorate with lifestyle, aging, and inherited genetic disorders. Hence, the identification of hub genes and therapeutic targets is of great importance for disease monitoring. OBJECTIVE Identification of hub genes and targets for identification of candidate hub genes for CRC diagnosis and monitoring. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study applied gene expression analysis by integrating two profile datasets (GSE20916 and GSE33113) from NCBI-GEO database to elucidate the potential key candidate genes and pathways in CRC. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CRC (195 CRC tissues) and healthy control (46 normal mucosal tissue) were sorted using GEO2R tool. Further, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed using Cluster Profiler in Rv. 3.6.1. Moreover, protein-protein interactions (PPI), module detection, and hub gene identification were accomplished and visualized through the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes, Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) plug-in of Cytoscape v3.8.0. Further hub genes were imported into ToppGene webserver for pathway analysis and prognostic expression analysis was conducted using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis webserver. RESULTS A total of 2221 DEGs, including 1286 up-regulated and 935down-regulated genes mainly enriched in signaling pathways of NOD-like receptor, FoxO, AMPK signalling and leishmaniasis. Three key modules were detected from PPI network using MCODE. Besides, top 20 high prioritized hub genes were selected. Further, prognostic expression analysis revealed ten of the hub genes, namely IL1B, CD44, Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, MMP9, CREB1, STAT1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA), CDC5 L, Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM + and CDH1 to be differently expressed in normal and cancer patients. CONCLUSION The present study proposed five novel therapeutic targets, i.e., ATM, GAPDH, CREB1, VEGFA, and CDH1 genes that might provide new insights into molecular oncogenesis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Anjum Mobeen
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Pallavi Saxena
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Jain
- Biomedical Informatics Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, National Institute of Pathology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Deval
- Department of Biotechnology, Invertis University, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Khateef Riazunnisa
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Cha BS, Jang YJ, Lee ES, Kim DY, Woo JS, Son J, Kim S, Shin J, Han J, Kim S, Park KS. Development of a Novel DNA Aptamer Targeting Colorectal Cancer Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300854. [PMID: 37129521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second leading cause of global cancer deaths poses critical challenges in clinical settings. Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which are secreted by cancer cells, have been shown to mediate tumor development, invasion, and even metastasis, and have thus received increasing attention for the development of cancer diagnostic or therapeutic platforms. In the present study, the sEV-targeted systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (E-SELEX) is developed to generate a high-quality aptamer (CCE-10F) that recognizes and binds to CRC-derived sEVs. Via an in-depth investigation, it is confirmed that this novel aptamer possesses high affinity (Kd = 3.41 nm) for CRC-derived sEVs and exhibits a wide linear range (2.0 × 104 -1.0 × 106 particles µL-1 ) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 × 103 particles µL-1 . Furthermore, the aptamer discriminates CRC cell-derived sEVs from those derived from normal colon cell, human serum, and other cancer cells, showing high specificity for CRC cell-derived sEVs and significantly suppresses the critical processes of metastasis, including cellular migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which are originally induced by sEVs themselves. These findings are highly encouraging for the potential use of the aptamer in sEV-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Seok Cha
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Jang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Woo
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseo Son
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Xu K, Yu AR, Pan SB, He J. Diagnostic value of methylated branched chain amino acid transaminase 1/IKAROS family zinc finger 1 for colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:5240-5253. [PMID: 37901447 PMCID: PMC10600955 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i36.5240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic value of combined methylated branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1)/IKAROS family zinc finger 1 (IKZF1) in plasma for colorectal cancer (CRC) has been explored since 2015. Recently, several related studies have published their results and showed its diagnostic efficacy. AIM To analyze the diagnostic value of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in plasma for screening and postoperative follow-up of CRC. METHODS The candidate studies were identified by searching the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from May 31, 2003 to June 1, 2023. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy were calculated by merging ratios or means. RESULTS Twelve eligible studies were included in the analysis, involving 6561 participants. The sensitivity of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in plasma for CRC diagnosis was 60% [95% confidence interval (CI) 53-67] and specificity was 92% (95%CI: 90-94). The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.0 (95%CI: 5.8-11.0) and 0.43 (95%CI: 0.36-0.52), respectively. Diagnostic odds ratio was 19 (95%CI: 11-30) and area under the curve was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.85-0.91). The sensitivity and specificity for CRC screening were 64% (95%CI: 59-69) and 92% (95%CI: 91-93), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for recurrence detection during follow-up were 54% (95%CI: 42-67) and 93% (95%CI: 88-96), respectively. CONCLUSION The detection of methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 in plasma, as a non-invasive detection method of circulating tumor DNA, has potential CRC diagnosis, but the clinical application prospect needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ai-Ru Yu
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Shen-Bin Pan
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie He
- Clinical Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, Sichuan Province, China
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Lukacova E, Burjanivova T, Podlesniy P, Grendar M, Turyova E, Kasubova I, Laca L, Mikolajcik P, Kudelova E, Vanochova A, Miklusica J, Mersakova S, Lasabova Z. Hypermethylated GRIA4, a potential biomarker for an early non-invasive detection of metastasis of clinically known colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1205791. [PMID: 37476382 PMCID: PMC10354553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1205791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) can develop through several dysregulated molecular pathways, including the serrated pathway, characterized by CpG island methylator (CIMP) phenotype. Although the tumor tissue is a commonly tested material, sample types such as stool or plasma, bring a new, non-invasive approach. Several cancer-related methylated genes have been identified in CRC patients, including gene GRIA4, showing promising diagnostic potential. The aim of our study was to develop a sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to examine GRIA4 hypermethylation status in CRC patients and evaluate its diagnostic potential in tissue and liquid biopsy samples. Methods In total, 23 patients participated in this study, 7 patients with primary CRC and 16 patients with liver metastasis of clinically known CRC. We obtained tumor and non-tumor tissues (N=17), blood samples pre- and post-surgery (N=22), and blood of five volunteers without a personal cancer history. We have developed and optimized a ddPCR assay for GRIA4 hypermethylation detection, from tissue and plasma samples. Results We detected significantly increased GRIA4 methylation in tumor tissues compared to their adjacent non-tumor tissue, p<0.0001. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis defined cutoff values to separate primary tumors and metastases from non-tumor colon/rectum, specifically 36.85% for primary tumors and 34.81% for metastases. All primary tumors were above this threshold. When comparing the methylation levels of metastatic vs. non-tumor tissue, a smaller increase was observed in liver metastasis versus colon tissue (3.6× gain; p=0.001), then in liver metastasis versus adjacent liver tissue (17.4× gain; p<0.0001). On average, GRIA4 hypermethylation in primary tumor plasma was 2.8-fold higher (p=0.39), and in metastatic plasma, 16.4-fold higher (p=0.0011) compared to healthy individuals. Hypermethylation in metastatic plasma was on average 5.9 times higher (p=0.051) than in primary tumor plasma. After tumor removal surgery, average hypermethylation decrease in plasma was 1.6× for primary (p=0.037) and 4.5× for metastatic patients (p=0.023). Discussion Based on our data, it can be inferred that GRIA4 serves as a tissue specific biomarker for the colon/rectum tissue, thus is suitable for cancer classification. This biomarker showed the potential to be an attractive target for early non-invasive detection of metastases of clinically known CRC, although additional analysis has to be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Lukacova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Martin, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Burjanivova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Martin, Slovakia
| | - Petar Podlesniy
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CiberNed), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marian Grendar
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Biomedical Center Martin JFM CU, Commenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Turyova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ivana Kasubova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ludovit Laca
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Peter Mikolajcik
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eva Kudelova
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Vanochova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Martin, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Miklusica
- Clinic of Surgery and Transplant Center, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Sandra Mersakova
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zora Lasabova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Comenius University in Bratislava, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin (JFM CU), Martin, Slovakia
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Moslehian MS, Shabkhizan R, Asadi MR, Bazmani A, Mahdipour M, Haiaty S, Rahbarghazi R, Sakhinia E. Interaction of lncRNAs with mTOR in colorectal cancer: a systematic review. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:512. [PMID: 37280524 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most widespread cancer and the fourth leading lethal disease among different societies. It is thought that CRC accounts for about 10% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases with high-rate mortality. lncRNAs, belonging to non-coding RNAs, are involved in varied cell bioactivities. Emerging data have confirmed a significant alteration in lncRNA transcription under anaplastic conditions. This systematic review aimed to assess the possible influence of abnormal mTOR-associated lncRNAs in the tumorigenesis of colorectal tissue. In this study, the PRISMA guideline was utilized based on the systematic investigation of published articles from seven databases. Of the 200 entries, 24 articles met inclusion criteria and were used for subsequent analyses. Of note, 23 lncRNAs were prioritized in association with the mTOR signaling pathway with up-regulation (79.16%) and down-regulation (20.84%) trends. Based on the obtained data, mTOR can be stimulated or inhibited during CRC by the alteration of several lncRNAs. Determining the dynamic activity of mTOR and relevant signaling pathways via lncRNAs can help us progress novel molecular therapeutics and medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marziyeh Sadat Moslehian
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Roya Shabkhizan
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Asadi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahad Bazmani
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahdipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanya Haiaty
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza St., Golgasht St, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Tabriz Genetic Analysis Centre (TGAC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Wang AJ, Song D, Hong YM, Liu NN. Multi-omics insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer in the "microworld" age. Mol Omics 2023; 19:283-296. [PMID: 36916422 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00288d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial heterogeneous disease largely due to both genetic predisposition and environmental factors including the gut microbiota, a dynamic microbial ecosystem inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota interacts with the host may contribute to the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and promotion of CRC. However, deciphering the influence of genetic variants and interactions with the gut microbial ecosystem is rather challenging. Despite recent advancements in single omics analysis, the application of multi-omics approaches to integrate multiple layers of information in the microbiome and host to introduce effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies is still in its infancy. Here, we integrate host- and microbe-based multi-omics studies, respectively, to provide a strategy to explore potential causal relationships between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Specifically, we summarize the recent multi-omics studies such as metagenomics combined with metabolomics and metagenomics combined with genomics. Meanwhile, the sample size and sample types commonly used in multi-omics research, as well as the methods of data analysis, were also generalized. We highlight multiple layers of information from multi-omics that need to be verified by different types of models. Together, this review provides new insights into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Dingka Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yue-Mei Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025 Shanghai, China.
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Correlated downregulation of VDR and CYP3A4 in colorectal cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1385-1391. [PMID: 36469261 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08141-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence obtained from experimental studies suggests the tumor-suppressive effects of vitamin D by controlling the differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis in cancerous cells. Furthermore, the deregulation of genes involved in vitamin D metabolism has been reported in several types of cancer. METHODS In the present study, we investigated the expression level of vitamin D metabolic pathway genes, including VDR, CYP3A4, RXRα, and GC, in colorectal cancer (CRC) samples compared with the adjacent tissues by using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS The results indicated significant downregulation of CYP3A4 and VDR genes in CRC tissues compared with the adjacent control tissues (p < 0.01). RXRA and GC expression levels did not show any significant alteration among the studied samples. Moreover, a positive correlation was observed between the expression level of CYP3A4 and VDR genes (p < 0.0001). ROC curve analysis also revealed the potential diagnostic power of CYP3A4 and VDR genes in CRC samples. CONCLUSION Reduction in the expression of both CYP3A4 and VDR plays an important role in CRC due to the possible impairment in vitamin D metabolism. Further studies concerning the relationship between the expression of these genes and colorectal cancer pathogenesis and treatment are recommended.
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He X, Wu N, Li R, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Nie Y, Wu J. IDH2, a novel target of OGT, facilitates glucose uptake and cellular bioenergy production via NF-κB signaling to promote colorectal cancer progression. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023; 46:145-164. [PMID: 36401762 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-022-00740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) mutations have been the hotspots in recent anticancer studies, the impact of wild-type IDH2 on cancer cell growth and metabolic alterations is still elusive. METHODS IDH2 expression in CRC tissues was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between the expression level and the patient's survival rate was analyzed. Cell functional assays included CCK8 and colony formation for cell proliferation in vitro and ectopic xenograft as in vivo experimental model for tumor progression. A targeted metabolomic procedure was performed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry to profile the metabolites from glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring cellular oxygen consumption (OCR) and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). Confocal microscope analysis and Western blotting were applied to detect the expression of GLUT1 and NF-κB signaling. O-GlcNAcylation and the interaction of IDH2 with OGT were confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation, followed by Western blotting analysis. RESULTS IDH2 protein was highly expressed in CRC tissues, and correlated with poor survival of CRC patients. Wild-type IDH2 promoted CRC cell growth in vitro and tumor progression in xenograft mice. Overexpression of wild-type IDH2 significantly increased glycolysis and TCA cycle metabolites, the ratios of NADH/NAD+ and ATP/ADP, OCR and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) in CRC cells. Furthermore, α-KG activated NF-κB signaling to promote glucose uptake by upregulating GLUT1. Interesting, O-GlcNAcylation enhanced the protein half-time of IDH2 by inhibiting ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation. The O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT)-IDH2 axis promoted CRC progression. CONCLUSION Wild-type IDH2 reprogrammed glucose metabolism and bioenergetic production via the NF-κB signaling pathway to promote CRC development and progression. O-GlcNAcylation of IDH2 elevated the stability of IDH2 protein. And the axis of OGT-IDH2 played an essential promotive role in tumor progression, suggesting a novel potential therapeutic strategy in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli He
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Wu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Renlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haohao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Faculty of Life Science, Northwest University, 229 TaiBai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jing Wu
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry and Instrument for Life Science, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Shi ZL, Yang X, Shen CL, Zhou GQ. Identification of an m6A-related lncRNA prognostic signature in colorectal cancer. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23239. [PMID: 36205301 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Data sets of colorectal cancer (CRC) were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), three N6-methyladenosine (m6A) subtypes were identified using 21 m6A-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and differential m6A subtypes of different CRC tumors were determined in this study to evaluate the m6A expression and the prognosis of patients with CRC. Subsequently, eight key lncRNAs were identified based on co-expression with 21 m6A-related genes in CRC tumors using the single-factor Cox and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. Finally, an m6A-related lncRNA risk score model of CRC tumor was established using multifactor Cox regression based on the eight important lncRNAs and found to have a better performance in evaluating the prognosis of patients in the TCGA-CRC data set. TCGA-CRC tumor samples were divided based on the risk scores: high and low. Then, the clinical characteristics, tumor mutation load, and tumor immune cell infiltration difference between the high- and low-risk-score groups were explored, and the predictive ability of the risk score was assessed for immunotherapeutic benefits. We found that the risk score model can determine the overall survival, be a relatively independent prognostic indicator, and better evaluate the immunotherapeutic benefits for patients with CRC. This study provides data support for accurate immunotherapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Liang Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Cheng-Long Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Changshu No. 2 Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu province, China
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22
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Kim TW, Hwang SW, Kim KO, Cha JM, Joo YE, Cho YS. The Prognostic Utilities of DNA Mismatch Repair Status and KRAS and BRAF Mutation in Korean Colorectal Cancer Patients: The KASID Multicenter Study. Oncology 2023; 101:49-58. [PMID: 36191562 PMCID: PMC9872844 DOI: 10.1159/000527285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION KRAS, BRAF, and DNA mismatch repair (MMR) mutations aid clinical decision-making for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. To ensure accurate predictions, the prognostic utilities of these biomarkers and their combinations must be individualized for patients with various TNM stages. METHODS Here, we retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological features of 904 Korean CRC patients who underwent CRC surgery in three teaching hospitals from 2011 to 2013; we also assessed the prognostic utilities of KRAS, BRAF, and MMR mutations in these patients. RESULTS The overall frequencies of KRAS and BRAF mutations were 35.8% and 3.2%, respectively. Sixty-nine patients (7.6%) lacking expression of ≥1 MMR protein were considered MMR protein deficient (MMR-D); the remaining patients were considered MMR protein intact. KRAS mutations constituted an independent risk factor for shorter overall survival (OS) in TNM stage I-IV and stage III patients. BRAF mutations were associated with shorter OS in TNM stage I-IV patients. MMR-D status was strongly positive prognostic in TNM stage I-II patients. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter study to explore the prognostic utilities of KRAS, BRAF, and MMR statuses in Korean CRC patients. Various combinations of KRAS, BRAF, and DNA MMR mutations serve as genetic signatures that affect tumor behavior; they are prognostic in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Woo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Woo Hwang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Ok Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seok Cho
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea,*Young-Seok Cho,
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23
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Jing F, Liu G, Zhang R, Xue W, Lin J, Zhu H, Zhu Y, Wu C, Luo Y, Chen T, Li S, Bao M. PYY modulates the tumorigenesis and progression of colorectal cancer unveiled by proteomics. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:5500-5515. [PMID: 36628274 PMCID: PMC9827100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite decrease in mortality caused by colorectal cancer (CRC), there remains no effective therapeutic method for patients with CRC. We attempted to screen biomarkers with therapeutic values in CRC. Proteomic analysis was performed on tumor, tumor-adjacent, and normal tissues derived from five patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) via label-free proteome profiling. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, and functional annotation was performed based on the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases. The effect of marker proteins on CRC was determined via cell function experiments and using tumor organoid models. The localization of the marker proteins was determined via immunofluorescence. A total of 126 DEPs were identified in COAD tissues compared with normal tissues, of which Peptide YY (PYY) overlapped among the tumor, adjacent, and normal groups. DEPs in the cancer group vs. normal group were enriched in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoint, developmental process, focal adhesion, and apoptosis-related pathways. The low expression of PYY in CRC tissues was verified via qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Overexpression of PYY promoted apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCT116 and HT29 cells. Furthermore, PYY was secreted by neurons and its supplementation suppressed tumor organoid growth in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, PYY exerted inhibitory action on CRC and could be a therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyan Jing
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanglong Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Weisong Xue
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiabao Lin
- Department of Health Management, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Huacong Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Chaosong Wu
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Department of Urology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510900, Guangdong, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ming Bao
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510515, Guangdong, China
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Ghatak S, Hascall VC, Karamanos N, Markwald RR, Misra S. Chemotherapy induces feedback up-regulation of CD44v6 in colorectal cancer initiating cells through β-catenin/MDR1 signaling to sustain chemoresistance. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906260. [PMID: 36330477 PMCID: PMC9623568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance in colorectal cancer initiating cells (CICs) involves the sustained activation of multiple drug resistance (MDR) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, as well as of alternatively spliced-isoforms of CD44 containing variable exon-6 (CD44v6). In spite of its importance, mechanisms underlying the sustained activity of WNT/β-catenin signaling have remained elusive. The presence of binding elements of the β-catenin-interacting transcription factor TCF4 in the MDR1 and CD44 promoters suggests that crosstalk between WNT/β-catenin/TCF4-activation and the expression of the CD44v6 isoform mediated by FOLFOX, a first-line chemotherapeutic agent for colorectal cancer, could be a fundamental mechanism of FOLFOX resistance. Our results identify that FOLFOX treatment induced WNT3A secretion, which stimulated a positive feedback loop coupling β-catenin signaling and CD44v6 splicing. In conjunction with FOLFOX induced WNT3A signal, specific CD44v6 variants produced by alternative splicing subsequently enhance the late wave of WNT/β-catenin activation to facilitate cell cycle progression. Moreover, we revealed that FOLFOX-mediated sustained WNT signal requires the formation of a CD44v6-LRP6-signalosome in caveolin microdomains, which leads to increased FOLFOX efflux. FOLFOX-resistance in colorectal CICs occurs in the absence of tumor-suppressor disabled-2 (DAB2), an inhibitor of WNT/β-catenin signaling. Conversely, in sensitive cells, DAB2 inhibition of WNT-signaling requires interaction with a clathrin containing CD44v6-LRP6-signalosome. Furthermore, full-length CD44v6, once internalized through the caveolin-signalosome, is translocated to the nucleus where in complex with TCF4, it binds to β-catenin/TCF4-regulated MDR1, or to CD44 promoters, which leads to FOLFOX-resistance and CD44v6 transcription through transcriptional-reprogramming. These findings provide evidence that targeting CD44v6-mediated LRP6/β-catenin-signaling and drug efflux may represent a novel approach to overcome FOLFOX resistance and inhibit tumor progression in colorectal CICs. Thus, sustained drug resistance in colorectal CICs is mediated by overexpression of CD44v6, which is both a functional biomarker and a therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Vincent C. Hascall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/ND20, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nikos Karamanos
- University of Patras, Matrix Pathobiology Res. Group, Department of Chemistry, Patras, Greece
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department Natural Sciences, Trident Technical College, North Charleston, SC, United States
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25
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Shin J, Kim ER, Jang HJ, Baek DH, Yang DH, Lee BI, Cho KB, Cho JW, Jung SA, Hong SJ, Ko BM, Jeon JW, Ko WJ, Kim SM, Kim YD, Gyoo KC, Baik GH, Yoo IK, Nyeong LK, Lee SH, Lim CH, Jeon SW. Long-term prognosis of curative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early colorectal cancer according to submucosal invasion: a multicenter cohort study. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:417. [PMID: 36100888 PMCID: PMC9469604 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02499-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can provide a high en bloc resection rate and has been widely applied as curative treatment for early colorectal cancer (ECC). However, surgical treatment is occasionally required, and reports on the long-term prognosis of ESD are insufficient. This study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of ECC removal by ESD, including local recurrence and metastasis. Methods This multicenter study was conducted retrospectively on 450 consecutive patients with ECC who were treated with ESD between November 2003 and December 2013. Clinical, pathological, and endoscopic data were collected to determine tumor depth, resection margin, lymphovascular invasion, and recurrence. Results The median follow-up period was 53.8 (12–138 months). The en bloc resection rate was 85.3% (384) and in intramucosal cancer being 84.1% and in superficial submucosal invasion (SM1) cancer being 89.8% (p = 0.158). The curative resection rate was 76.0% (n = 342), and there was no statistical difference between the two groups (77.3% vs. 71.4%, p = 0.231). The overall recurrence free survival rate (RFS) was 98.7% (444/450). In patients with curative resection, there was no statistically significant difference in RFS according to invasion depth (intramucosal: 99.3% vs. SM1: 97.1%, p = 0.248). Conclusions Patients with curatively resected ECC treated with ESD showed favorable long-term outcomes. Curatively resected SM1 cancer has a RFS similar to that of intramucosal cancer.
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26
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Ding Q, Kong X, Zhong W, Liu W. Fecal biomarkers: Non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971930. [PMID: 36119474 PMCID: PMC9479095 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world in terms of morbidity and mortality, which brings great health hazards and economic burdens to patients and society. A fecal examination is an effective method for clinical examination and the most commonly used method for the census. It is simple, non-invasive, and suitable for large-scale population screening. With the development of molecular biology, lots of efforts have been made to discover new fecal biomarkers for the early screening of colorectal cancer. In this review, we summarize and discuss the recent advances of fecal biomarkers for CRC screening or diagnosis, including DNA biomarkers, RNA biomarkers, protein biomarkers, gut microbes and volatile organic compounds focusing on their diagnostic evaluation for CRC, which can provide a basis for the further development of new and effective CRC fecal screening and early diagnosis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wentian Liu
- *Correspondence: Wentian Liu, ; Weilong Zhong,
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27
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Parmar S, Easwaran H. Genetic and epigenetic dependencies in colorectal cancer development. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac035. [PMID: 35975243 PMCID: PMC9373935 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have mapped key genetic changes in colorectal cancer (CRC) that impact important pathways contributing to the multistep models for CRC initiation and development. In parallel with genetic changes, normal and cancer tissues harbor epigenetic alterations impacting regulation of critical genes that have been shown to play profound roles in the tumor initiation. Cumulatively, these molecular changes are only loosely associated with heterogenous transcriptional programs, reflecting the heterogeneity in the various CRC molecular subtypes and the paths to CRC development. Studies from mapping molecular alterations in early CRC lesions and use of experimental models suggest that the intricate dependencies of various genetic and epigenetic hits shape the early development of CRC via different pathways and its manifestation into various CRC subtypes. We highlight the dependency of epigenetic and genetic changes in driving CRC development and discuss factors affecting epigenetic alterations over time and, by extension, risk for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehej Parmar
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hariharan Easwaran
- Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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28
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Jiang HH, Xing SW, Tang X, Chen Y, Lin K, He LW, Lin MB, Tang EJ. Novel multiplex stool-based assay for the detection of early-stage colon cancer in a Chinese population. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:2705-2732. [PMID: 35979157 PMCID: PMC9260868 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i24.2705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stool DNA (sDNA) methylation analysis is a promising, noninvasive approach for colorectal cancer screening; however, reliable biomarkers for detecting early-stage colon cancer (ECC) are lacking, particularly in the Chinese population.
AIM To identify a novel stool-based assay that can improve the effectiveness of ECC screening.
METHODS A blinded case-control study was performed using archived stool samples from 125 ECC patients, and 125 control subjects with normal colonoscopy. The cohort was randomly divided into training and test sets at a 1.5:1 ratio. Targeted bisulfite sequencing (TBSeq) was conducted on five pairs of preoperative and postop-erative sDNA samples from ECC patients to identify DNA methylation biomarkers, which were validated using pyrosequencing. By logistic regression analysis, a multiplex stool-based assay was developed in the training set, and the detection performance was further assessed in the test set and combined set. The χ2 test was used to investigate the association of detection sensitivity with clinico-pathological features.
RESULTS Following TBSeq, three hypermethylated cytosine-guanine sites were selected as biomarkers, including paired box 8, Ras-association domain family 1 and secreted frizzled-related protein 2, which differed between the groups and were involved in important cancer pathways. An sDNA panel containing the three biomarkers was constructed with a logistic model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that this panel was superior to the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) or serum carcinoembryonic antigen for the detection of ECC. We further found that the combination of the sDNA panel with FIT could improve the screening effectiveness. In the combined set, the sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve for this multiplex assay were 80.0%, 93.6% and 0.918, respectively, and the performance remained excellent in the subgroup analysis by tumor stage. In addition, the detection sensitivity did not differ with tumor site, tumor stage, histological differentiation, age or sex, but was significantly higher in T4 than in T1-3 stage tumors (P = 0.041).
CONCLUSION We identified a novel multiplex stool-based assay combining sDNA methylation biomarkers and FIT, which could detect ECC with high sensitivity and specificity throughout the colon, showing a promising application perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hong Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Si-Wei Xing
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Xuan Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Kang Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Lu-Wei He
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Mou-Bin Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Er-Jiang Tang
- Institute of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Translational Medicine, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200090, China
- Center for Clinical Research and Translational Medicine, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200090, China
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Identification of a Genomic Instability-Related Long Noncoding RNA Prognostic Model in Colorectal Cancer Based on Bioinformatic Analysis. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:4556585. [PMID: 35711569 PMCID: PMC9197617 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4556585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. In recent years, a growing body of research has revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in regulating genomic instability. Materials and Methods. We obtained RNA expression profiles, somatic mutation profiles, clinical information, and pathological features of colorectal cancer (CRC) from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. We divided the cohort into two groups based on mutation frequency and identified genomic instability-related lncRNAs (GI-lncRNAs) using R software. We further analyzed the function of identified GI-lncRNAs and established a prognostic model through Cox regression. Using the established prognostic model, we divided the cohort into the high- and low-risk groups and further verified the prognostic differences between the two groups as well as the predictive power of prognosis-related lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. Results. We identified a total of 143 GI-lncRNAs that were differentially expressed between the higher mutation frequency group and the lower mutation frequency group. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway and Gene Ontology analyses, a series of cancer-associated terms were enriched. We further constructed a prognostic model that included five GI-lncRNAs (lncRNA PTPRD-AS1, lncRNA AC009237.14, lncRNA LINC00543, lncRNA AP003555.1, and lncRNA AL109615.3). We confirmed that the expression of the five GI-lncRNAs was associated with prognosis and the mutation of critical genes in the CRC patient cohort. Conclusions. The present research further confirmed the vital function of GI-lncRNAs in the genomic instability of CRC. The five GI-lncRNAs identified in our study are potential biomarkers and need to be studied in more depth.
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30
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Gao S, Khan MI, Kalsoom F, Liu Z, Chen Y, Chen Z. Role of gene regulation and inter species interaction as a key factor in gut microbiota adaptation. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:342. [PMID: 35595857 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a class of microbial flora present in various eukaryotic multicellular complex animals such as human beings. Their community's growth and survival are greatly influenced by various factors such as host-pathogen, pathogen-environment and genetic regulation. Modern technologies like metagenomics have particularly extended our capacity to uncover the microbial treasures in challenging conditions like communities surviving at high altitude. Molecular characterizations by newly developed sequencing tools have shown that this complex interaction greatly influences microbial adaptation to the environment. Literature shows that gut microbiota alters the genetic expression and switches to an alternative pathway under the influence of unfavorable conditions. The remarkable adaptability of microbial genetic regulatory networks enables them to survive and expand in tough and energy-limited conditions. Variable prevalence of species in various regions has strengthened this initial evidence. In view of the interconnection of the world in the form of a global village, this phenomenon must be explored more clearly. In this regard, recently there has been significant addition of knowledge to the field of microbial adaptation. This review summarizes and shed some light on mechanisms of microbial adaptation via gene regulation and species interaction in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Gao
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Imran Khan
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 260027, Anhui, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathology, District Headquarters Hospital, Jhang, 35200, Punjab, Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
| | - Fadia Kalsoom
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengli Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Oryani MA, Tavasoli A, Ghalavand MA, Ashtiani RZ, Rezaee A, Mahmoudi R, Golvari H, Owrangi S, Soleymani-Goloujeh M. Epigenetics and its therapeutic potential in colorectal cancer. Epigenomics 2022; 14:683-697. [PMID: 35473313 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2022-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
It is estimated that colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer-related death around the globe. 'Epigenetics' refers to changes in the chromosome rather than the DNA sequence, which may be transmitted down to daughter cells. Epigenetics is an essential part of controlling the development and variation of a single cell. ncRNAs have a role in epigenetic regulation in CRC, which will be discussed in this review in the context of DNA methylation and histone modifications. A greater survival rate for CRC patients might be achieved by addressing epigenetic mediators, as the authors show. In this review, they aim to thoroughly examine the role of epigenetics in the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Akbari Oryani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Tavasoli
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Ghalavand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Alisam Rezaee
- Faculty of Medical Sciences & Technologies, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Golvari
- School of Nursing & Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Soroor Owrangi
- Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mehdi Soleymani-Goloujeh
- Department of Stem Cells & Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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The potential of PIK3CA, KRAS, BRAF, and APC hotspot mutations as a non-invasive detection method for colorectal cancer. Mol Cell Probes 2022; 63:101807. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2022.101807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jayathilake AG, Kadife E, Kuol N, Luwor RB, Nurgali K, Su XQ. Krill oil supplementation reduces the growth of CT-26 orthotopic tumours in Balb/c mice. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:34. [PMID: 35120511 PMCID: PMC8817584 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03521-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We have previously reported that the free fatty acid extract (FFAE) of krill oil (KO) significantly inhibits the proliferation and migration, and induces apoptosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This study aimed to investigate the in vivo efficacy of various doses of KO supplementation on the inhibition of CRC tumour growth, molecular markers of proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and its downstream molecular signalling. Methods Male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups with five in each group. The control (untreated) group received standard chow diet; and other three groups received KO supplementation at 5%, 10%, and 15% of their daily dietary intake respectively for three weeks before and after the orthotopic implantation of CT-26 CRC cells in their caecum. The expression of cell proliferation marker Ki-67 and angiogenesis marker CD-31 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The expression of EGFR, phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR), protein kinase B (AKT), pAKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), pERK1/2, cleaved caspase-7, cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and DNA/RNA damage were determined by western blot. Results KO supplementation reduced the CRC tumour growth in a dose-dependent manner; with 15% of KO being the most effective in reduction of tumour weight and volume (68.5% and 68.3% respectively, P < 0.001), inhibition of cell proliferation by 69.9% (P < 0.001) and microvessel density by 72.7% (P < 0.001). The suppressive effects of KO on EGFR and its downstream signalling, ERK1/2 and AKT, were consistent with our previous in vitro observations. Furthermore, KO exhibited pro-apoptotic effects on tumour cells as indicated by an increase in the expression of cleaved PARP by 3.9-fold and caspase-7 by 8.9-fold. Conclusions This study has demonstrated that KO supplementation reduces CRC tumour growth by inhibiting cancer cell proliferation and blood vessel formation and inducing apoptosis of tumour cells. These anti-cancer effects are associated with the downregulation of the EGFR signalling pathway and activation of caspase-7, PARP cleavage, and DNA/RNA damage. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03521-4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Kadife
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Nyanbol Kuol
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia
| | - Rodney Brain Luwor
- Department of Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kulmira Nurgali
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Program, Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao Qun Su
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, 8001, Australia.
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Symonds EL, Pedersen SK, Yeo B, Al Naji H, Byrne SE, Roy A, Young GP. Assessment of tumor burden and response to therapy in patients with colorectal cancer using a quantitative ctDNA test for methylated BCAT1/IKZF1. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:2031-2041. [PMID: 35000264 PMCID: PMC9120880 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment is due to residual disease, and its timely identification is critical for patient survival. Detecting CRC‐associated mutations in patient circulating cell‐free DNA is confounded by tumor mutation heterogeneity, requiring primary tumor sequencing to identify relevant mutations. In this study, we assessed BCAT1 and IKZF1 methylation levels to quantify circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and investigated whether this method can be used to assess tumor burden and efficacy of therapy. In 175 patients with CRC who were ctDNA‐positive pretreatment, ctDNA levels were higher with advancing stage (P < 0.05) and correlated with tumor diameter (r = 0.35, P < 0.001) and volume (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). After completion of treatment (median of 70 days [IQR 49‐109] after surgery, +/− radiotherapy, +/− chemotherapy), ctDNA levels were reduced in 98% (47/48) and were undetectable in 88% (42/48) of patients tested. For those with incomplete adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery, roughly half remained ctDNA‐positive (11/21, 52.4%). The presence of ctDNA after treatment was associated with disease progression (HR 9.7, 95%CI 2.5‐37.6) compared to no ctDNA. Assaying blood for ctDNA methylated in BCAT1/IKZF1 has the potential for identifying residual disease due to treatment failure, informing a potential need for therapy adjustment in advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Symonds
- Bowel Health Service, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA.,Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA
| | - Susanne K Pedersen
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA.,Clinical Genomics Pty Ltd, North Ryde
| | - Bernita Yeo
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA
| | - Hiba Al Naji
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA
| | - Susan E Byrne
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA
| | - Amitesh Roy
- Department of Oncology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA
| | - Graeme P Young
- Cancer Research, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA
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35
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Effects of Curcuminoids on Systemic Inflammation and Quality of Life in Patients with Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:1-9. [PMID: 34981467 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third and the fourth most common cancer in Iranian men and women, respectively. Curcuminoids are known to exertprotective effects against several kinds of cancers. We aim to assess the effects of curcuminoids on serum pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study was a double-blind placebo-controlled trial in patients with CRC (stage 3) aged ≥20 years, who had chemotherapy after the surgery and were referred to Baqiyatallah Oncology Clinic. Patients were randomly assigned to the treatment group receiving curcuminoids capsules (500 mg/day) (n = 36), or the control group taking placebo capsules (n = 36) for 8 weeks. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and 12 pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), interferon γ (IFN-γ), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)] were measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. The EORTC-QLQ-C30 instrument was used to assess the quality of life before and after the intervention. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 67 subjects completed the study as three and two subjects were lost to follow-up in the curcuminoid and placebo groups, respectively. A significant change in CRP (p = 0.002) and ESR (p = 0.0001) was observed in patients supplemented with curcuminoids at the end of 8 weeks compared to placebo. Moreover, IL-1α showed a decreasing trend after curcuminoid supplementation compared to placebo (p = 0.077). A significant improvement in functional (p = 0.002) and global quality of life (p = 0.020) scales was observed in the curcuminoid group. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that curcuminoids supplementation for a period of 8 weeks (500 mg/day) can improve ESR and serum levels of CRP in stage-3 CRC subjects and improve the global quality of life and functional scales compared to placebo.
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36
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Predicted miRNAs suppressed cell proliferation and migration via FAK/VASP axis; Systems biology approach. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.100890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wang J, Feng X, Li Z, Chen Y, Huang W. Patient-derived organoids as a model for tumor research. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2022; 189:259-326. [PMID: 35595351 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer represents a leading cause of death, despite the rapid progress of cancer research, leading to urgent need for accurate preclinical model to further study of tumor mechanism and accelerate translational applications. Cancer cell lines cannot fully recapitulate tumors of different patients due to the lack of tumor complexity and specification, while the high technical difficulty, long time, and substantial cost of patient-derived xenograft model makes it unable to be used extensively for all types of tumors and large-scale drug screening. Patient-derived organoids can be established rapidly with a high success rate from many tumors, and precisely replicate the key histopathological, genetic, and phenotypic features, as well as therapeutic response of patient tumor. Therefore, they are extensively used in cancer basic research, biobanking, disease modeling and precision medicine. The combinations of cancer organoids with other advanced technologies, such as 3D bio-printing, organ-on-a-chip, and CRISPR-Cas9, contributes to the more complete replication of complex tumor microenvironment and tumorigenesis. In this review, we discuss the various methods of the establishment and the application of patient-derived organoids in diverse tumors as well as the limitations and future prospects of these models. Further advances of tumor organoids are expected to bridge the huge gap between bench and bedside and provide the unprecedented opportunities to advance cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Xiaoying Feng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongsong Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Weiren Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China; Department of Urology, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen, China; International Cancer Center of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
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Ke X, Hu T, Jiang M. cGAS-STING signaling pathway in gastrointestinal inflammatory disease and cancers. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22029. [PMID: 34907606 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101199r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway has emerged as a key DNA-sensing machinery in innate immunity. Activation of cGAS-STING signaling pathway mediates the production of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines. Although cGAS-STING signaling pathway shows critical function in the maintenance of gut homeostasis, overactive cGAS-STING signaling pathway leads to gastrointestinal (GI) inflammation. Harnessing the effect and mechanism of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway could be beneficial for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of GI diseases. This review presents recent advances regarding the role of cGAS-STING signaling pathway in GI inflammatory disease and cancers and describes perspective therapeutic strategies targeting the signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ke
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Hu
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
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39
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Sun X, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Wang Z, Wei Z, Qiao H. Colon Cancer-Related Genes Identification and Function Study Based on Single-Cell Multi-Omics Integration. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:789587. [PMID: 34901030 PMCID: PMC8657154 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.789587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptomes and DNA methylation of colon cancer at the single-cell level are used to identify marker genes and improve diagnoses and therapies. Seven colon cancer subtypes are recognized based on the single-cell RNA sequence, and the differentially expressed genes regulated by dysregulated methylation are identified as marker genes for different types of colon cancer. Compared with normal colon cells, marker genes of different types show very obvious specificity, especially upregulated genes in tumors. Functional enrichment analysis for marker genes indicates a possible relation between colon cancer and nervous system disease, moreover, the weak immune system is verified in colon cancer. The heightened expression of markers and the reduction of methylation in colon cancer promote tumor development in an extensive mechanism so that there is no biological process that can be enriched in different types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuepu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Guo
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Heilongjiang Province Land Reclamation Bureau, Harbin, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaoqing Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Zheng Wei
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiquan Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hasbullah HH, Musa M. Gene Therapy Targeting p53 and KRAS for Colorectal Cancer Treatment: A Myth or the Way Forward? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11941. [PMID: 34769370 PMCID: PMC8584926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and is responsible as one of the main causes of mortality in both men and women. Despite massive efforts to raise public awareness on early screening and significant advancements in the treatment for CRC, the majority of cases are still being diagnosed at the advanced stage. This contributes to low survivability due to this cancer. CRC patients present various genetic changes and epigenetic modifications. The most common genetic alterations associated with CRC are p53 and KRAS mutations. Gene therapy targeting defect genes such as TP53 (tumor suppressor gene encodes for p53) and KRAS (oncogene) in CRC potentially serves as an alternative treatment avenue for the disease in addition to the standard therapy. For the last decade, significant developments have been seen in gene therapy for translational purposes in treating various cancers. This includes the development of vectors as delivery vehicles. Despite the optimism revolving around targeted gene therapy for cancer treatment, it also has various limitations, such as a lack of availability of related technology, high cost of the involved procedures, and ethical issues. This article will provide a review on the potentials and challenges of gene therapy targeting p53 and KRAS for the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia;
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Diori Karidio I, Sanlier SH. Reviewing cancer's biology: an eclectic approach. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2021; 33:32. [PMID: 34719756 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-021-00088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer refers to a group of some of the worldwide most diagnosed and deadliest pathophysiological conditions that conquered researchers' attention for decades and yet begs for more questions for a full comprehension of its complex cellular and molecular pathology. MAIN BODY The disease conditions are commonly characterized by unrestricted cell proliferation and dysfunctional replicative senescence pathways. In fact, the cell cycle operates under the rigorous control of complex signaling pathways involving cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases assumed to be specific to each phase of the cycle. At each of these checkpoints, the cell is checked essentially for its DNA integrity. Genetic defects observed in these molecules (i.e., cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases) are common features of cancer cells. Nevertheless, each cancer is different concerning its molecular and cellular etiology. These could range from the genetic defects mechanisms and/or the environmental conditions favoring epigenetically harbored homeostasis driving tumorigenesis alongside with the intratumoral heterogeneity with respect to the model that the tumor follows. CONCLUSIONS This review is not meant to be an exhaustive interpretation of carcinogenesis but to summarize some basic features of the molecular etiology of cancer and the intratumoral heterogeneity models that eventually bolster anticancer drug resistance for a more efficient design of drug targeting the pitfalls of the models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Diori Karidio
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senay Hamarat Sanlier
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, E Block, Ege University, Erzene Mahallesi, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey.,ARGEFAR, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, 35040, Izmir, Turkey
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42
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Gigola G, Carriere P, Novoa Díaz MB, Perdigon G, Zwenger AO, Gentili C. Survival effect of probiotics in a rat model of colorectal cancer treated with capecitabine. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1518-1531. [PMID: 34721782 PMCID: PMC8529932 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are used to manage a number of gastrointestinal disorders due to their beneficial properties. Clinical reports showed that probiotics also improve the life quality of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) subjected to oncologic treatment. In a CRC animal model, probiotics supplementation has the potential to decrease the formation of aberrant crypts and ameliorate tumor malignancy, enhancing the antitumor effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy. Based on these data, we hypothesize that the administration of probiotics impact positively in the overall survival and life quality of rats with CRC under the treatment of capecitabine, which is the pro drug of 5-FU.
AIM To evaluate the probiotics effects in a rat CRC model treated with capecitabine and followed until the end of life.
METHODS 1,2-Dimethylhidrazine dihydrochloride (1,2-DMH) was employed as carcinogen inductor of CRC. Fifty male Wistar-Lewis rats were randomly assigned to one of five following groups: Control (n = 5), Control + probiotics (Control-P group, n = 5), 1,2-DMH alone (DMH group, n = 10), 1,2-DMH + capecitabine (DMH-C group, n = 10), 1,2-DMH + probiotics (DMH-P group, n = 10) and 1,2-DMH + capecitabine + probiotics (DMH-C-P group, n = 10). All parametric data were expressed as the mean ± SD. The statistical significance of differences was analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Data were analyzed with InfoStat software. The results were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. Overall survival was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator with the log-rank test.
RESULTS The data of mean overall survival for DMH, DMH-P, DMH-C, DMH-C-P, Control and Control-P groups were 250 d [95% confidence interval (CI): 242.5-253.1], 268 d (95%CI: 246.3-271.4), 380 d (95%CI: 337.8-421.9), 480 d (95%CI: 436.9-530.7), 588 d (95%CI: 565.8-609.3) and 590 d (95%CI: 564.3-612.9), respectively, with a significant difference between DMH-C and DMH-C-P groups (P = 0.001). Comparing all groups by Kaplan-Meier estimator, we found a significantly different in the overall survival of DMH and DMH-P groups respect to DMH-C (P = 0.001) and DMH-C-P (P = 0.001) groups; interestingly, there were no meaningful differences between Control, Control-P and DMH-C-P groups (P = 0.012). The tendency of change in body weight gain of the rats at 90 d of finishing DMH administration was similar in Control group compared with DMH-C and DMH-C-P groups; however, and of relevance, DMH-C-P group has experienced a higher body weight gain at the end of animal’s life than DMH-C group (P = 0.001). In DMH-C-P group we found a positive effect of probiotics in clinical manifestations since diarrhea, constipation and blood stool were absenting. Also, the tumor burden was lower in DMH-C-P than DMH-C, DMH-P or DMH groups (1.25 vs 1.81 vs 3.9 vs 4.8 cm2, respectively). DMH-C and DMH-C-P groups showed only mucinous carcinoma type while in other DMH groups the tumor types were variable. However, mucinous carcinoma from DMH-C-P group showed invasion until muscularis propria layer. Interestingly, metastatic lymph node was observed in DMH, DMH-C and DMH-P groups but not in DMH-C-P. All animals in Control group died from natural causes without objective injuries. All animals of DMH and DMH-P groups died from tumor complications (i.e., obstruction or intestinal perforation); however, this cause was seen only in 44.5% of DMH-C and DMH-C-P groups
CONCLUSION Probiotics administration improves life quality of rats with CRC under capecitabine treatment and also has a positive effect in the overall survival of these animals treated with this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciela Gigola
- Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires Provincia, Argentina
| | - Pedro Carriere
- Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires Provincia, Argentina
| | - María Belén Novoa Díaz
- Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires Provincia, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Perdigon
- [CERELA] Centro de referencia para lactobacilos - [CCT CONICET NOA SUR], San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | | | - Claudia Gentili
- Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)- INBIOSUR (CONICET-UNS), Bahía Blanca 8000, Buenos Aires Provincia, Argentina
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Anghel SA, Ioniță-Mîndrican CB, Luca I, Pop AL. Promising Epigenetic Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4965. [PMID: 34638449 PMCID: PMC8508438 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In CRC, screening compliance is decreased due to the experienced discomfort associated with colonoscopy, although this method is the gold standard in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Promoter DNA methylation (hypomethylation or hypermethylation) has been linked to all CRC stages. Study objectives: to systematically review the current knowledge on approved biomarkers, reveal new potential ones, and inspect tactics that can improve performance. This research was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines; the risk of bias was evaluated using the revised Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria (QUADAS-2). The Web of Science® Core Collection, MEDLINE® and Scopus® databases were searched for original articles published in peer-reviewed journals with the specific keywords "colorectal cancer", "early detection", "early-stage colorectal cancer", "epigenetics", "biomarkers", "DNA methylation biomarkers", "stool or blood or tissue or biopsy", "NDRG4", "BMP3", "SEPT9", and "SDC2". Based on eligibility criteria, 74 articles were accepted for analysis. mSDC2 and mSEPT9 were frequently assessed in studies, alone or together as part of the ColoDefense panel test-the latter with the greatest performance. mBMP3 may not be an appropriate marker for detecting CRC. A panel of five methylated binding sites of the CTCF gene holds the promise for early-stage specific detection of CRC. CRC screening compliance and accuracy can be enhanced by employing a stool mt-DNA methylation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Andreea Anghel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Splaiul Independentei 296, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Corina-Bianca Ioniță-Mîndrican
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana Luca
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Lucia Pop
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Food Safety, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020945 Bucharest, Romania
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Park SS, Ryu YS, Koh DI, Hong SW, Moon JH, Shin JS, Kim MJ, Kim DY, Hong JK, Kim EH, Jeong HR, Park YS, Kim J, Kim DM, Yun H, Shin JY, Jin DH. Mutation SVCT2 promotes cell proliferation, invasion and migration in colorectal cancer. J Cancer 2021; 12:5385-5393. [PMID: 34405001 PMCID: PMC8364649 DOI: 10.7150/jca.57463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) surface glycoprotein regulates ascorbate accumulation in the plasma, often resulting in the induction of cancer cell death. Therefore, high expression of this gene associates with increased overall survival in several cancers. However, in colorectal cancer (CRC), high (likely mutated) SVCT2 expression relates to poor overall survival, and its functional significance has not been studied. Thus, we hypothesize that mutant SVCT2 expression could affect CRC patient survival. According to biological databases, SVCT2 has been found to be mutated frequently, and SVCT2 E264K has a particularly high pathogenic score (0.98), compared to other SVCT2 mutant sites, in CRC patients. Interestingly, our results reveal expression of SVCT2 E264K in many CRC tissues and cells. Also, we found wild-type SVCT2 expression to be largely localized to the cytoplasm and membrane, while SVCT2 E264K was restricted to the cytoplasm. We further found that SVCT2 E264K overexpression increases cell growth. By contrast, SVCT2 E264K knockdown significantly reduced cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, resulting in inhibition of cell invasion and migration. Taken together, SVCT2 E264K plays a critical role in proliferation in CRC. Our results suggest that SVCT2 E264K could be a promising novel therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yea Seong Ryu
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Woo Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai-Hee Moon
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Sik Shin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Hong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ho Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Rae Jeong
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sun Park
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Min Kim
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseon Yun
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Yeon Shin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Science, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oral Delivery of Nucleic Acids with Passive and Active Targeting to the Intestinal Tissue Using Polymer-Based Nanocarriers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071075. [PMID: 34371766 PMCID: PMC8309160 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the apparent advantages for long-term treatment and local therapies against intestinal diseases, the oral delivery of nucleic acids has been challenging due to unfavorable physiological conditions for their stability. In this study, a novel nanodelivery system of PEG-PCL nanoparticles with encapsulated nucleic acids–mannosylated PEI (Man-PEI) complexes was developed for intestinal delivery. We complexed model nucleic acids with Man-PEI at the optimal N/P ratio of 20:1 for in vitro and in vivo analyses. Cells were transfected in vitro and analyzed for gene expression, receptor-mediated uptake, and PEG-PCL nanoparticles’ toxicity. We also evaluated the nucleic acid’s stability in the nanocarrier during formulation, and under simulated gastrointestinal environments or the presence of nucleases. Finally, we assessed the biodistribution for the PEG-PCL nanoparticles with encapsulated complexes and their ability to transfect intestinal cells in vivo. Nucleic acids complexed with Man-PEI were protected from degradation against nucleases. In comparison to the parent compound PEI, Man-PEI transfected the cells with an overall higher potency. Competition assay indicated receptor-mediated endocytosis promoted by mannose receptors. The PEG-PCL nanoparticles with Man-PEI/plasmid complexes indicated minimal cytotoxicity. The nanocarrier successfully protected the complexes in a simulated gastric fluid environment and released them in a simulated intestinal fluid environment, promoted by the presence of lipases. The oral administration of the PEG-PCL nanoparticles with encapsulated Man-PEI/plasmid complexes transfected intestinal cells with the plasmid in vivo, while presenting a time-dependent progression through the intestines. Conclusively, our carrier system can deliver genetic material to the GI tract and actively target mannose receptor overexpressing cells.
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Kim JH, Jin S, Jeon MJ, Jung HY, Byun S, Jung K, Kim SE, Moon W, Park MI, Park SJ. Survival Benefit of Palliative Primary Tumor Resection Based on Tumor Location in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single-center Retrospective Study. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 76:17-27. [PMID: 32703916 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2020.76.1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims The molecular underpinnings of colorectal cancer (CRC) vary according to the tumor location. The advantages of a palliative primary tumor resection in patients with metastatic CRC are controversial. This study examined the survival outcomes of a palliative primary tumor resection based on the tumor location in patients with metastatic CRC. Methods The medical records of 600 patients diagnosed with metastatic CRC between January 2000 and June 2018 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients undergoing surgery for both the primary tumor and metastatic lesions were excluded. The clinical factors affecting the long-term outcomes were evaluated according to the primary tumor location, and the long-term survival was compared between patients with and without a palliative primary tumor resection. The data were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and multivariate Cox regression models. Results The median follow-up duration was 18 months (interquartile range, 10-28). Patients with right-sided CRC had a poor overall- and progression-free survival compared to those with left-sided CRC. In multivariate Cox regression analysis, the palliative primary tumor resection was an independent prognostic factor predicting better overall survival in patients with metastatic CRC, regardless of the primary tumor location. Conclusions The primary tumor location influences the prognosis, and that a primary tumor resection can improve the overall survival in patients with metastatic CRC, regardless of the primary tumor location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sol Jin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Min Ji Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Hyun Yeb Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sanghwan Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyoungwon Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Won Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Moo In Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seun Ja Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Sun G, Duan H, Xing Y, Zhang D. Prognostic Score Model Based on Ten Differentially Methylated Genes for Predicting Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Colon. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5113-5125. [PMID: 34234555 PMCID: PMC8254377 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s312085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to screen novel genetic biomarkers for use in a prognostic score (PS) model for the accurate prediction of survival outcomes for patients with colon adenocarcinoma (COAD). Methods Gene expression and methylation data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, and the samples were randomly divided into training and validation sets for the screening of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Co-methylated genes were screened using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Functional enrichment analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify prognosis-related genes and clinical factors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was carried out to evaluate the predictive performance of the PS model. Results In total, 1434 DEGs and 1038 DMGs were screened in the training set, among which 284 were found to be overlapping genes. For 127 of these overlapping genes, the methylation and expression levels were significantly negatively correlated. An optimal signature from 10 DMGs was identified to construct the PS model. Patients with a high PS seemed to have worse outcomes than those with a low PS. Moreover, cancer recurrence and the PS model status were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion This PS model based on an optimal 10-gene signature would help in the stratification of patients with COAD and improve the assessment of their clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Sun
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - He Duan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanhao Xing
- China Medical University, Shenyang, 110000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dewei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of the China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, People's Republic of China
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Cui Y, Bai Y, Yang J, Yao Y, Zhang C, Liu C, Shi J, Li Q, Zhang J, Lu X, Zhang Y. SIRT4 is the molecular switch mediating cellular proliferation in colorectal cancer through GLS mediated activation of AKT/GSK3β/CyclinD1 pathway. Carcinogenesis 2021; 42:481-492. [PMID: 33315089 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-localized sirtuin 4 (SIRT4) is associated with malignant phenotypes in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the molecular mechanisms that drive SIRT4-mediated carcinogenesis are unclear. Initially, we confirmed expression of SIRT4 in CRC through public database and in CRC patient tissues using quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR. We established HCT116 colorectal cells that overexpressed SIRT4 and HT29 cells were transfected with plasmids bearing a small interfering RNA construct to silence SIRT4. Assays to determine the malignant phenotypes (proliferation, invasion and migration) were performed. Xenograft in vivo models were also constructed. A protein interactome network was built using differentially expressed proteins identified using the liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrophotometry, the findings of which were confirmed using co-immunoprecipitation, western blotting and phenotype rescue experiments. Decreased SIRT4 expression was associated with malignant phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. The ribosomal biogenesis pathway was enriched in the interactome network. SIRT4 suppression activated glutaminase, thereby initiating AKT activation. Our research provided novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC, and identified that SIRT4 exerts its antitumor activity in CRC possibly dependent on glutaminase to inhibit proliferation, migration and invasion via the AKT/GSK3β/CyclinD1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Cui
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yibing Bai
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiani Yang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanfei Yao
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaqi Shi
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - QingWei Li
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yanqiao Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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Exosomes miR-22-3p Derived from Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Regulating RAP2B and PI3K/AKT Pathway. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3874478. [PMID: 34239562 PMCID: PMC8238618 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3874478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective Exosomes (exo) which contain proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and other bioactive substances can participate in intercellular signal transduction and material transport. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have a strong ability to produce exosomes. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of hBMSCs-derived-exo miR-22-3p on proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells and to explore its mechanism. Methods miR-22-3p and RAS oncogene family (RAP2B) expression was detected using qRT-PCR or Western blotting. Their interaction was confirmed by dual luciferase activity assay. Effects of miR-22-3p on cell proliferation and invasion were evaluated by CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. Exosomes were extracted by the ultracentrifugation and identified through electron microscopy and Western blotting. Results In CRC tissues and cells, downregulation of miR-22-3p and upregulation of RAP2B were observed. According to the analysis of dual luciferase activity, RAP2B was a target gene of miR-22-3p. In addition, miR-22-3p obviously repressed the cells proliferation and invasion via mediating RAP2B/PI3K/AKT pathway. Coculture experiments indicated that miR-22-3p derived from hBMSCs-exo had inhibition effects on SW480 cell proliferation and invasion. Conclusions Collectively, miR-22-3p from hBMSCs-exo might impede CRC progression, which emphasized the potential of hBMSCs-exo-miR-22-3p as CRC treatment in the future.
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Rizzo G, Bertotti A, Leto SM, Vetrano S. Patient-derived tumor models: a more suitable tool for pre-clinical studies in colorectal cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021; 40:178. [PMID: 34074330 PMCID: PMC8168319 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-01970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), despite the advances in screening and surveillance, remains the second most common cause of cancer death worldwide. The biological inadequacy of pre-clinical models to fully recapitulate the multifactorial etiology and the complexity of tumor microenvironment and human CRC's genetic heterogeneity has limited cancer treatment development. This has led to the development of Patient-derived models able to phenocopy as much as possible the original inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of CRC, reflecting the tumor microenvironment's cellular interactions. Implantation of patient tissue into immunodeficient mice hosts and the culture of tumor organoids have allowed advances in cancer biology and metastasis. This review highlights the advantages and limits of Patient-derived models as innovative and valuable pre-clinical tools to study progression and metastasis of CRC, develop novel therapeutic strategies by creating a drug screening platform, and predict the efficacy of clinical response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Rizzo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bertotti
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCs, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino School of Medicine, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
| | - Simonetta Maria Leto
- Laboratory of Translational Cancer Medicine, Candiolo Cancer Institute - FPO IRCCs, Candiolo, 10060, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Vetrano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Pieve Emanuele, 20090, Milan, Italy.
- IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center-IRCCS, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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