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Shinoda G, Nagaoka Y, Ueno F, Kurokawa N, Takahashi I, Onuma T, Noda A, Murakami K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Metoki H, Sugawara J, Kuriyama S. Association between being Overweight in Young Childhood and during School Age and Puberty. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050909. [PMID: 37238457 DOI: 10.3390/children10050909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether body type at birth, body weight, and obesity in early childhood are associated with overweight/obesity during school age and puberty. Data from maternal and child health handbooks, baby health checkup information, and school physical examination information of participants at birth and three-generation cohort studies were linked. Association between body type and body weight at different time intervals (at birth and at 1.5, 3.5, 6, 11, and 14 years of age) were comprehensively analyzed using a multivariate regression model adjusted for gender, maternal age at childbirth, maternal parity, and maternal body mass index, and drinking and smoking statuses at pregnancy confirmation. Children who are overweight in young childhood had a greater risk of being overweight. Particularly, overweight at one year of age during checkup was associated with overweight at 3.5 years (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 13.42; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.46-45.42), 6 years (aOR, 6.94; 95% CI, 1.64-33.46), and 11 years (aOR, 5.22; 95% CI, 1.25-24.79) of age. Therefore, being overweight in young childhood could increase the risk of being overweight and obese during school age and puberty. Early intervention in young childhood may be warranted to prevent obesity during school age and puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Shinoda
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Yudai Nagaoka
- School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Ueno
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kurokawa
- Graduate School of Education, Miyagi University of Education, 149 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-0845, Japan
| | - Ippei Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Tomomi Onuma
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Aoi Noda
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Keiko Murakami
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-Ku, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
- Suzuki Memorial Hospital, 3-5-5, Satonomori, Iwanumashi 989-2481, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
- International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, 468-1 Aramakiaoba, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
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Gutierrez MW, Mercer EM, Moossavi S, Laforest-Lapointe I, Reyna ME, Becker AB, Simons E, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Azad MB, Arrieta MC. Maturational patterns of the infant gut mycobiome are associated with early-life body mass index. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100928. [PMID: 36736319 PMCID: PMC9975311 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the bacterial microbiome, the role of early-life gut fungi in host metabolism and childhood obesity development remains poorly characterized. To address this, we investigate the relationship between the gut mycobiome of 100 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study and body mass index Z scores (BMIz) in the first 5 years of life. An increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship between richness pattern and early-life BMIz is modified by maternal BMI, maternal diet, infant antibiotic exposure, and bacterial beta diversity. Further, the abundances of Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, and Malassezia are differentially associated with early-life BMIz. Using structural equation modeling, we determine that the mycobiome's contribution to BMIz is likely mediated by the bacterial microbiome. This demonstrates that mycobiome maturation and infant growth trajectories are distinctly linked, advocating for inclusion of fungi in larger pediatric microbiome studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Myrtha E Reyna
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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3
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de Almeida CC, Baião DDS, Leandro KC, Paschoalin VMF, da Costa MP, Conte-Junior CA. Protein Quality in Infant Formulas Marketed in Brazil: Assessments on Biodigestibility, Essential Amino Acid Content and Proteins of Biological Importance. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113933. [PMID: 34836188 PMCID: PMC8622549 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Infant formulas, designed to provide similar nutritional composition and performance to human milk, are recommended when breastfeeding is not enough to provide for the nutritional needs of children under 12 months of age. In this context, the present study aimed to assess the protein quality and essential amino acid content of both starting (phase 1) and follow-up (phase 2) formulas from different manufacturers. The chemical amino acid score and protein digestibility corrected by the amino acid score were calculated. The determined protein contents in most formulas were above the maximum limit recommended by FAO and WHO guidelines and at odds with the protein contents declared in the label. All infant formulas contained lactoferrin (0.06 to 0.44 g·100 g−1) and α-lactalbumin (0.02 to 1.34 g·100 g−1) below recommended concentrations, whereas ĸ-casein (8.28 to 12.91 g·100 g−1), α-casein (0.70 to 2.28 g·100 g−1) and β-lactoglobulin (1.32 to 4.19 g·100 g−1) were detected above recommended concentrations. Essential amino acid quantification indicated that threonine, leucine and phenylalanine were the most abundant amino acids found in the investigated infant formulas. In conclusion, infant formulas are still unconforming to nutritional breast milk quality and must be improved in order to follow current global health authority guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Couto de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.C.d.A.); (K.C.L.)
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24230-340, Brazil;
| | - Diego dos Santos Baião
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (D.d.S.B.); (V.M.F.P.)
| | - Katia Christina Leandro
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.C.d.A.); (K.C.L.)
| | - Vania Margaret Flosi Paschoalin
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (D.d.S.B.); (V.M.F.P.)
- Graduate Studies in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Studies in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Marion Pereira da Costa
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24230-340, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Inspection and Technology of Milk and Derivatives (LaITLácteos), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance (PPGVS), National Institute of Health Quality Control (INCQS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (C.C.d.A.); (K.C.L.)
- Center for Food Analysis (NAL), Technological Development Support Laboratory (LADETEC), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Hygiene (PPGHV), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Vital Brazil Filho, Niterói 24230-340, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil; (D.d.S.B.); (V.M.F.P.)
- Graduate Studies in Food Science (PPGCAL), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Graduate Studies in Chemistry (PGQu), Institute of Chemistry (IQ), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +21-98728-6704 or +21-3938-7825
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4
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Alsharairi NA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:3702. [PMID: 34835958 PMCID: PMC8624546 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gains increased interest as a therapeutic approach for many diseases, little is known about its therapeutic use in childhood obesity. Indeed, the role of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation in influencing short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the potential mechanisms involved in the protective effects on obesity are still unclear. Infants are characterized by a diverse gut microbiota composition with higher abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Maternal VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation stimulates the growth of diverse species of SCFA-producing bacteria, which may induce epigenetic changes in infant obese gene expression and modulate adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Therefore, this review aims to determine the mechanistic role of SCFAs in mediating VLCKD-infant gut microbiota relationships and its protective effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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Alderete TL, Jones RB, Shaffer JP, Holzhausen EA, Patterson WB, Kazemian E, Chatzi L, Knight R, Plows JF, Berger PK, Goran MI. Early life gut microbiota is associated with rapid infant growth in Hispanics from Southern California. Gut Microbes 2021; 13:1961203. [PMID: 34424832 PMCID: PMC8386720 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1961203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine if the newborn gut microbiota is an underlying determinant of early life growth trajectories. 132 Hispanic infants were recruited at 1-month postpartum. The infant gut microbiome was characterized using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Rapid infant growth was defined as a weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) change greater than 0.67 between birth and 12-months of age. Measures of infant growth included change in WAZ, weight-for-length z-score (WLZ), and body mass index (BMI) z-scores from birth to 12-months and infant anthropometrics at 12-months (weight, skinfold thickness). Of the 132 infants, 40% had rapid growth in the first year of life. Multiple metrics of alpha-diversity predicted rapid infant growth, including a higher Shannon diversity (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.07-3.29; p = .03), Faith's phylogenic diversity (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05-1.94; p = .03), and richness (OR = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.01-1.08; p = .02). Many of these alpha-diversity metrics were also positively associated with increases in WAZ, WLZ, and BMI z-scores from birth to 12-months (pall<0.05). Importantly, we identified subsets of microbial consortia whose abundance were correlated with these same measures of infant growth. We also found that rapid growers were enriched in multiple taxa belonging to genera such as Acinetobacter, Collinsella, Enterococcus, Neisseria, and Parabacteroides. Moreover, measures of the newborn gut microbiota explained up to an additional 5% of the variance in rapid growth beyond known clinical predictors (R2 = 0.37 vs. 0.32, p < .01). These findings indicate that a more mature gut microbiota, characterized by increased alpha-diversity, at as early as 1-month of age, may influence infant growth trajectories in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya L. Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Roshonda B. Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Justin P. Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - William B. Patterson
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Elham Kazemian
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Lida Chatzi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine F. Plows
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paige K. Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael I. Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Vard B, Vatankhah Z, Riahi R, Karimi G, Motlagh ME, Heshmat R, Qorbani M, Kelishadi R. Association of early life factors with weight disorders and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents: The CASPIAN-V study. MEDITERRANEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2019. [DOI: 10.3233/mnm-180261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Vard
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Vatankhah
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Riahi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Golgis Karimi
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Weihrauch-Blüher S, Schwarz P, Klusmann JH. Childhood obesity: increased risk for cardiometabolic disease and cancer in adulthood. Metabolism 2019; 92:147-152. [PMID: 30529454 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of childhood obesity has worldwide more than doubled since 1980. Underlying factors are complex and are far from completely understood. Strategies to prevent childhood obesity have mainly focused on behavioral intervention; and obesity therapy was mainly based on lifestyle modification to date. However, effects for both have been quite limited so far and no country has succeeded in fighting the obesity epidemy we are facing. Normalization of body weight before onset of puberty is crucial for several reasons: First, obese children and adolescents frequently stay obese until adulthood. Second, obesity during adolescence is significantly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes in adulthood. And third, recent data have shown a strong association between higher body mass index (BMI) during adolescence and increased risk for several malignancies such as leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and others in adulthood. This review summarizes our current understanding of epidemiology, underlying factors, concomitant disease, as well as available intervention strategies and gives an overview of what has been reached so far and what measures should be undertaken to counteract the obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Schwarz
- Department of Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Technical University Dresden, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- Department of Pediatrics I, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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8
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Tahir MJ, Michels KB, Willett WC, Forman MR. Age at Introduction of Solid Food and Obesity Throughout the Life Course. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1611-1618. [PMID: 30204942 PMCID: PMC6168355 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the association between age at solid food (SF) introduction and obesity throughout the life course. METHODS Among 31,816 mother- nurse daughter dyads in the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study and the Nurses' Health Study II, information was collected on age at SF introduction, body somatotype at ages 5 and 10, and Body Mass Index at age 18 and in adulthood. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for obesity throughout life were estimated using logistic regression models with adjustment for parental and nurse daughter covariates. RESULTS Nurse daughters introduced to SF at ≥ 9 months versus 6 to 9 months had marginally higher age-adjusted (OR: 1.21; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.47) and covariate-adjusted (OR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.47) odds of obesity at age 5. Age at SF introduction was not related to obesity at ages 10 and 18 or in adulthood. CONCLUSIONS Late age at SF introduction was marginally associated with obesity at age 5, but this association did not persist throughout the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muna J. Tahir
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTexasUSA
| | - Karin B. Michels
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public HealthUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthHarvard UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michele R. Forman
- Department of Nutrition SciencePurdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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9
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The relationship between infancy growth rate and the onset of puberty in both genders. Pediatr Res 2017; 82:940-946. [PMID: 28902184 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2017.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundIn this study, we examined the hypothesis that weight gain and linear growth during the first years of life influence the onset of puberty both in girls and in boys.MethodsA cohort of 157 healthy children, aged 6-9 years, was evaluated and their growth patterns were analyzed retrospectively. Repeated measures mixed model was used to examine the longitudinal anthropometric data.ResultsGirls with pubertal signs were heavier than their peers starting at 9 months of age (P=0.02), and the difference became more evident over time (P<0.001). Accelerated weight gain between 6 and 15 months of age was found to increase the odds of having a pubertal sign at the study visit (odds ratio (OR)=34.5) after adjusting for birth weight, gestational age and current age, height, weight, and BMI (P=0.004). Anthropometric indices of boys with or without pubertal signs were not significantly different at the study visit, but boys with accelerated height gain between 9 and 15 months of age were more likely to have pubertal signs (OR=15.8) after adjusting for birth weight, gestational age and current age, height, weight, and BMI (P=0.016).ConclusionEarly growth acceleration might be important for the timing of puberty in both genders.
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Kadouh HC, Acosta A. Current paradigms in the etiology of obesity. TECHNIQUES IN GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tgie.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yang G, Lee J, Lee S, Kwak D, Choe W, Kang I, Kim SS, Ha J. Krill Oil Supplementation Improves Dyslipidemia and Lowers Body Weight in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet Through Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase. J Med Food 2016; 19:1120-1129. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2016.3720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Goowon Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - Wonchae Choe
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joohun Ha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Medical Research Center and Biomedical Science Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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