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Tsoutsi V, Papadakaki M, Yannis G, Pavlou D, Basta M, Chliaoutakis J, Dikeos D. Driving Behaviour in Depression Based on Subjective Evaluation and Data from a Driving Simulator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20085609. [PMID: 37107891 PMCID: PMC10138476 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20085609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Road traffic collisions are a major issue for public health. Depression is characterized by mental, emotional and executive dysfunction, which may have an impact on driving behaviour. Patients with depression (N = 39) and healthy controls (N = 30) were asked to complete questionnaires and to drive on a driving simulator in different scenarios. Driving simulator data included speed, safety distance from the preceding vehicle and lateral position. Demographic and medical information, insomnia (Athens Insomnia Scale, AIS), sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale, ESS), fatigue (Fatigue Severity Scale, FSS), symptoms of sleep apnoea (StopBang Questionnaire) and driving (Driver Stress Inventory, DSI and Driver Behaviour Questionnaire, DBQ) were assessed. Gender and age influenced almost all variables. The group of patients with depression did not differ from controls regarding driving behaviour as assessed through questionnaires; on the driving simulator, patients kept a longer safety distance. Subjective fatigue was positively associated with aggression, dislike of driving, hazard monitoring and violations as assessed by questionnaires. ESS and AIS scores were positively associated with keeping a longer safety distance and with Lateral Position Standard Deviation (LPSD), denoting lower ability to keep a stable position. It seems that, although certain symptoms of depression (insomnia, fatigue and somnolence) may affect driving performance, patients drive more carefully eliminating, thus, their impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagioula Tsoutsi
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
- Laboratory of Health and Road Safety, Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Crete, Greece; (M.P.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Papadakaki
- Laboratory of Health and Road Safety, Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Crete, Greece; (M.P.); (J.C.)
| | - George Yannis
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece; (G.Y.); (D.P.)
| | - Dimosthenis Pavlou
- Department of Transportation Planning and Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15773 Athens, Greece; (G.Y.); (D.P.)
| | - Maria Basta
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece;
| | - Joannes Chliaoutakis
- Laboratory of Health and Road Safety, Department of Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Crete, Greece; (M.P.); (J.C.)
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- First Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece;
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Md Isa Z, Ismail NH, Ismail R, Mohd Tamil A, Ja’afar MH, Mat Nasir N, Miskan M, Zainol Abidin N, Ab Razak NH, Yusof KH. Assessing Factors Associated with Non-Fatal Injuries from Road Traffic Accidents among Malaysian Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the PURE Malaysia Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19148246. [PMID: 35886098 PMCID: PMC9320634 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Non-fatal injuries (NFIs) due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a public health problem worldwide that significantly impacts the population morbidity and healthcare costs. As the demands for vehicles in developing countries, such as Malaysia, is increasing annually, the present study aims to determine the prevalence and factors associated with NFIs due to RTAs among Malaysia’s adult population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 15,321 participants from the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study conducted in Malaysia. Participants reported whether they had experienced an NFI that limited their normal activities within the past 12 months. Data on risk factors for NFIs were elicited. Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to identify the associated factors. Results: Overall, 863 participants (5.6% of 15,321) reported at least 1 NFI in the past 12 months, with 303 caused by RTAs (35.1%), 270 caused by falls (31.3%) and 290 attributed to other causes (33.6%). The factors associated with higher odds of sustaining an NFI due to an RTA were being male (adjusted odd ratio (AOR) 2.08; 95% CI 1.33–3.26), having a primary (2.52; 1.40–4.55) or secondary (2.64; 1.55–4.49) level of education, being overweight to obese (1.40; 1.01–1.94), being currently employed (2.03; 1.31–3.13) and not practicing a noon nap/siesta (1.38; 1.01–1.89). Conclusions: The occurrence of NFIs due to RTAs is highly preventable with strategic planning aimed at reducing the risk of RTAs among the Malaysian population. Interventions focusing on protecting road users, especially those who drive two-wheelers, with proactive road safety awareness and literacy campaigns, combined with strict enforcement of the existing traffic laws and behavioural modifications, may reduce the risk of NFIs following RTAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaleha Md Isa
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
| | - Noor Hassim Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-8408
| | - Rosnah Ismail
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
| | - Azmi Mohd Tamil
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
| | - Mohd Hasni Ja’afar
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
| | - Nafiza Mat Nasir
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Sungai Buloh Campus, Selangor Branch, Sungai Buloh 47000, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Maizatullifah Miskan
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Najihah Zainol Abidin
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
| | - Nurul Hafiza Ab Razak
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
| | - Khairul Hazdi Yusof
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine, UKM Medical Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Z.M.I.); (R.I.); (A.M.T.); (M.H.J.); (N.Z.A.); (N.H.A.R.); (K.H.Y.)
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Serge A, Quiroz Montoya J, Alonso F, Montoro L. Socioeconomic Status, Health and Lifestyle Settings as Psychosocial Risk Factors for Road Crashes in Young People: Assessing the Colombian Case. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18030886. [PMID: 33498569 PMCID: PMC7908603 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18030886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The social determinants of health influence both psychosocial risks and protective factors, especially in high-demanding contexts, such as the mobility of drivers and non-drivers. Recent evidence suggests that exploring socioeconomic status (SES), health and lifestyle-related factors might contribute to a better understanding of road traffic crashes (RTCs). Thus, the aim of this study was to construct indices for the assessment of crash rates and mobility patterns among young Colombians who live in the central region of the country. The specific objectives were developing SES, health and lifestyle indices, and assessing the self-reported RTCs and mobility features depending on these indices. A sample of 561 subjects participated in this cross-sectional study. Through a reduction approach of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), three indices were constructed. Mean and frequency differences were contrasted for the self-reported mobility, crash rates, age, and gender. As a result, SES, health and lifestyle indices explained between 56.3–67.9% of the total variance. Drivers and pedestrians who suffered crashes had higher SES. A healthier lifestyle is associated with cycling, but also with suffering more bike crashes; drivers and those reporting traffic crashes have shown greater psychosocial and lifestyle-related risk factors. Regarding gender differences, men are more likely to engage in road activities, as well as to suffer more RTCs. On the other hand, women present lower healthy lifestyle-related indices and a less active implication in mobility. Protective factors such as a high SES and a healthier lifestyle are associated with RTCs suffered by young Colombian road users. Given the differences found in this regard, a gender perspective for understanding RTCs and mobility is highly suggestible, considering that socio-economic gaps seem to differentially affect mobility and crash-related patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Serge
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (F.A.); Tel.: +34-61120-2027 (A.S. & F.A.)
| | - Johana Quiroz Montoya
- Dipartimento Scienze Statistiche, Faculty: Ingegneria Dell’informazione, Informatica e Statistica, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francisco Alonso
- DATS (Development and Advising in Traffic Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (F.A.); Tel.: +34-61120-2027 (A.S. & F.A.)
| | - Luis Montoro
- FACTHUM.Lab (Human Factor and Road Safety) Research Group, INTRAS (Research Institute on Traffic and Road Safety), University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain;
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