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Godínez-Pérez BM, Schilmann A, Lagunas-Martínez A, Escamilla-Núñez C, Burguete-García AI, Aguilar-Garduño C, Blanco-Muñoz J, Lacasaña M. Pesticide use patterns and their association with cytokine levels in Mexican flower workers. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2024; 97:291-302. [PMID: 38270603 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-023-02043-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational exposure to pesticides is a known risk for disrupting cellular immune response in flower workers due to their use of multiple chemical products, poor work conditions, and inadequate protection. Recently, the analysis of pesticide use patterns has emerged as an alternative to studying exposure to mixtures of these products. This study aimed to evaluate the association between exposure to different patterns of pesticide use and the cytokine profile of flower workers in the State of Mexico and Morelos, Mexico. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out on a population of 108 flower workers. Serum levels of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 cytokines were analyzed by means of multiplex analysis, and TNF-α and IFN-γ using an ELISA test. Pesticide use patterns were generated by principal components analysis. RESULTS The analysis revealed that certain patterns of pesticide use, combining insecticides and fungicides, were associated with higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly IL-6 and IFN-γ. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that pesticides may possess immunotoxic properties, contributing to increased inflammatory response. However, further comprehensive epidemiological studies are needed to establish a causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astrid Schilmann
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Lagunas-Martínez
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Consuelo Escamilla-Núñez
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Julia Blanco-Muñoz
- National Institute of Public Health of Mexico, Av. Universidad 655, 62130, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Marina Lacasaña
- Andalusian School of Public Health, Cuesta del Observatorio 4, 18011, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian Health and Environment Observatory (OSMAN), Granada, Spain
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Aiassa DE, Mañas FJ, Gentile NE, Bosch B, Salinero MC, Gorla NBM. Evaluation of genetic damage in pesticides applicators from the province of Córdoba, Argentina. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20981-20988. [PMID: 31115805 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05344-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The impact evaluation of pesticide exposure is conducted using combined data from biomonitoring and environmental monitoring. Damage to the human genome is, probably, the leading cause of chronic-degenerative disorders, reproductive toxicology, and developmental problems. Although the general population is exposed to pesticides, workers in the agrochemical industry and farmers represent a high-risk group due to the occupational and environmental exposure. The aim of this study is to determine whether occupational exposure to agrochemicals in Córdoba (Argentina) constitute a factor of genotoxic damage. The study was conducted in 30 pesticide applicators from the province of Córdoba. Chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN), and comet assays (CO) were performed. The current study shows that occupational exposure to pesticides increases values of CAs, MN, and DNA fragmentation biomarkers, all indicators of damage to the genetic material. Evidence suggests that chronic exposure to pesticides is a potential risk to workers health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia E Aiassa
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Fernando J Mañas
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
- Department of Animal Clinic, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Natalia E Gentile
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Bosch
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - María C Salinero
- GeMA, Department of Natural Sciences, National University of Río Cuarto, National Road N° 36, km 601., X5804BYA, Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Nora B M Gorla
- CONICET. GENAR, University Juan Agustín Maza, South Side of the East Access 2245, 5519, Mendoza, Argentina
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Hayat K, Afzal M, Aqueel MA, Ali S, Khan QM, Ashfaq U. Determination of insecticide residues and their adverse effects on blood profile of occupationally exposed individuals. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 163:382-390. [PMID: 30059883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides, essential for crop protection measures, leave behind several toxic residues that can result in a series of human health disorders. Therefore, this study was planned for the determination of residues and adverse effects of insecticides in blood samples of sprayers, pesticide-industry workers and controls by using blood parameters of these individuals as biomarkers. Optimized analytical methods using GC-MS and HPLC for the simultaneous detection of 22 currently used insecticides were adopted. Eight of twenty-seven (22.22%) sprayers' blood samples were found positive for five different insecticides. Eleven of twenty-seven (40.74%) pesticide-industry workers were found positive for eight different insecticides. The blood samples of both the exposed groups, sprayers and industry workers had significantly (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U-tests) low hemoglobin-Hb concentrations (12.17 ± 2.13 and 12.22 ± 2.37 g/dl respectively) than the average value of the control group with 14.23 ± 2.37 g/dl. The erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs) in sprayers and insecticide industry workers (28.78 ± 20.72 and 28.17 ± 25.14 mm/1st h respectively) were greater significantly (P < 0.001; Mann-Whitney U test) than the control blood samples (9.53 ± 3.34 mm/1st h). These results indicate that the exposed individuals have experienced significant hemotoxic effects during insecticide exposure. The study also predicts the risk to exposed individuals in developing countries like Pakistan and demands realization of safety measures to prevent such dangerous effects of pesticide exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khizar Hayat
- Department of Entomology, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Entomology, University of Sargodha, 40100 Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Sajjad Ali
- Department of Entomology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan.
| | - Qaiser M Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), 38040 Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Umair Ashfaq
- King Edward Medical College, Lahore, 54000 Lahore, Pakistan
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Association of Long-Term Pesticide Exposure and Biologic Parameters in Female Farm Workers in Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Study. TOXICS 2016; 4:toxics4040025. [PMID: 29051428 PMCID: PMC5606649 DOI: 10.3390/toxics4040025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the association of long-term pesticide exposure (≥5 years) with hematological, serum biochemical parameters and acetylcholinesterase activity in farm workers. These pesticides included organophosphorus pesticides, carbamates, pyrethroids, dithiocarbamates, and other pesticides such as endosulfan. Applying a cross-sectional study design, 69 females from a pesticide-exposed farm population and 30 females from a district not using pesticides (reference group) were studied. The mean red cell corpuscular volume and hematocrit values were significantly lower (74.7 ± 9.1 fl; 95% CI 72.5-76.9 and 32.0% ± 4.6%; 95% CI 30.9-33.1, respectively) in the exposed compared to the reference group, whereas mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration and platelets were significantly higher (37.4 ± 3.8 g/dL; 95% CI 36.5-38.3 and 374.1 ± 95.3/L; 95% CI 351.2-396.9, respectively) in the exposed compared to the reference group. Mean serum glutamic oxaloacetate transaminase (20.7 ± 8.9 U/L; 95% CI 18.5-22.9) and creatinine (83.9 ± 6.6 μmol/L; 95% CI 82.3-85.5) were significantly higher in the exposed compared to the reference group. A higher mean esterase activity (AChE 0.6 ± 0.2 mM/min/mg protein; 95% CI 0.56-0.7; BChE 0.9 ± 0.4 mM/min/mg protein; 95% CI 0.9-1.1) was noted in the exposed group. Regression models suggest that occupational exposure (p < 0.001) could be a predictor of esterase (AChE and BChE) activity and biochemical changes (β = 0.4, 95% CI: 0.3-0.5; β = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6-0.9, respectively). Long-term pesticide exposure affects the hemato-biochemical and esterase responses, establishing the need for further studies.
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García-García CR, Parrón T, Requena M, Alarcón R, Tsatsakis AM, Hernández AF. Occupational pesticide exposure and adverse health effects at the clinical, hematological and biochemical level. Life Sci 2015; 145:274-83. [PMID: 26475762 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although epidemiological studies have investigated associations between occupational pesticide exposures and different adverse health outcomes, they have rarely assessed individuals at two time-points of a same crop season with different pesticide use. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical symptoms, physical examination signs, hematological and clinical chemistry parameters were measured in 189 intensive agriculture workers and 91 healthy control subjects from Almeria coastline (Southeastern Spain) to evaluate potential effects of pesticide exposure. KEY FINDINGS Greenhouse workers showed an increased risk of ocular and skin signs relative to controls at the period of high pesticide exposure (OR: 4.80 and 2.87, respectively); however, no differences were observed for clinical symptoms. A greater risk for ECG changes (OR: 3.35) and altered spirometry (OR: 5.02) was found at the period of low exposure. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase was significantly decreased in greenhouse workers relative to controls in both periods. Assessment of hematological parameters revealed increased counts of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and hemoglobin in greenhouse workers relative to controls, and also in the period of high versus low pesticide exposure. Changes in clinical chemistry parameters included decreased levels of glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglyceride and alkaline phosphatase in greenhouse workers relative to controls; however, these parameters were raised in the period of high versus low pesticide exposure. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that chronic occupational exposure to pesticides of lower toxicity than former compounds under integrated production systems elicit mild toxic effects, particularly targeting the skin and eyes, as well as subtle subclinical (biochemical) changes of unknown long-term consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tesifón Parrón
- Council of Health at Almeria Province, Almeria, Spain; Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Mar Requena
- Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Raquel Alarcón
- Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonio F Hernández
- Department of Legal Medicine and Toxicology, University of Granada School of Medicine, Granada, Spain.
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