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Canine Epithelial Thymic Tumors: Outcome in 28 Dogs Treated by Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123444. [PMID: 34944221 PMCID: PMC8698125 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thymoma is a tumor of the cranial mediastinum rarely reported in dogs and should be differentiated from mediastinal lymphoma. CT and fine-needle aspirates or core biopsies are helpful in differential diagnosis, but flow cytometry may improve the pre-operative diagnostic ability. In thymomas, paraneoplastic syndromes such as myasthenia gravis and hypercalcemia may develop concurrently with the tumor. Their role as prognostic factors is not well determined. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, but adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may prolong survival in cases of incomplete excision or if a thymic carcinoma is diagnosed. Local recurrence and metastasis are infrequently reported; therefore, a long survival is expected if the tumor is completely excised or if adjuvant therapy is undertaken. This article reports the authors’ experience with 28 dogs affected by 18 thymomas and 10 thymic carcinomas surgically treated from January 2000 to August 2021. The median overall survival time of the entire population was 1137 days; the median disease-free time was 903 days. Dogs with thymic carcinomas had significantly shorter disease-free intervals and shorter, although not statistically significant, survival times. Dogs with Masaoka Stage III tumors had worse outcomes. Abstract Thymoma is a tumor rarely reported in dogs and should be differentiated from mediastinal lymphoma. Clinical signs may have a late onset, and thymoma is often diagnosed when symptoms related to the space-occupying effect or paraneoplastic syndromes occur. CT and fine-needle aspirates or core biopsies are helpful in differential diagnosis, but flow cytometry may improve the pre-operative diagnostic ability. Concurrent paraneoplastic syndromes such as myasthenia gravis and hypercalcemia have been reported; however, their role as prognostic factors is not well determined. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice; adjuvant radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy may prolong survival in cases of incomplete excision or when a thymic carcinoma is diagnosed. Local recurrence and metastasis are infrequently reported; therefore, a long survival time is expected if the tumor is completely excised or if adjuvant therapy is undertaken. This article reports the authors’ experience with 28 dogs affected by 18 thymomas and 10 thymic carcinomas. The median overall survival in this series was 1173 days, and the median disease-free interval was 903 days. Dogs with thymic carcinoma had significantly shorter disease-free intervals and shorter, although not statistically significant, survival times. Dogs with Masaoka Stage III tumors had worse outcomes.
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Yale AD, Priestnall SL, Pittaway R, Taylor AJ. Thymic epithelial tumours in 51 dogs: Histopathologic and clinicopathologic findings. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 20:50-58. [PMID: 34036722 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Canine thymic epithelial tumours (TET) are uncommon and little is known about their behaviour. Previous attempts at histologic classification have varied, and as such reliable prognostic information is unavailable. The aim of this retrospective multi-institutional study was to evaluate cases of canine TETs, irrespective of subtype, in order to identify useful histopathologic and clinicopathologic prognostic factors. Cases were included if the tumour arose from the cranial mediastinum and a diagnosis of TET was made on the basis of histopathology. Fifty-one dogs were included. In addition to clinicopathologic data, histology samples were reviewed for the following features: mitotic count, percentage of necrosis, presence of Hassall's corpuscles, lymphocytic infiltrate, cellular pleomorphism and vascular or capsular invasion. The median survival time for all dogs was 449 days. The 1- and 2-year survival rate was 52.6% and 26.3% respectively. On multivariable analysis surgical excision of the thymic tumour was associated with significantly prolonged survival; the presence of metastasis, myasthenia gravis and moderate or marked cellular pleomorphism were associated with significantly reduced survival. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate prognostic factors to aid treatment recommendations.
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Byas AD, Applegate TJ, Stuart A, Byers S, Frank CB. Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in a goat: case report and brief literature review. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:905-908. [PMID: 31650897 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719884957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A Rock Alpine doe (Capra aegagrus hircus) was presented to the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital because of scaling and ulceration over the withers, coronary bands, and dewclaws. The doe was euthanized because of poor prognosis associated with a radiographically identified cranial mediastinal mass, increased respiratory effort, and discomfort. Autopsy revealed a cranial mediastinal mass, and scaling-to-ulcerative lesions affecting the dorsum, ventrum, pinna, neck, teats, coronary bands, and dewclaws. Histologically, the mediastinal mass was an epithelial neoplasm with admixed non-neoplastic T lymphocytes, consistent with a lymphoepithelial (mixed) thymoma. Sections of affected skin were characterized by hyperkeratotic cell-rich interface dermatitis with transepidermal and follicular apoptosis. Thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis has been recognized in cats and a rabbit, but has not been reported previously in a goat, to our knowledge. Given that thymomas are not uncommon in goats, thymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis should be considered a clinical differential in goats with dermatologic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex D Byas
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology (Byas, Frank), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Clinical Sciences (Applegate, Stuart), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies, Grenada (Byers)
| | - Tanya J Applegate
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology (Byas, Frank), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Clinical Sciences (Applegate, Stuart), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies, Grenada (Byers)
| | - Amy Stuart
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology (Byas, Frank), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Clinical Sciences (Applegate, Stuart), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies, Grenada (Byers)
| | - Stacey Byers
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology (Byas, Frank), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Clinical Sciences (Applegate, Stuart), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies, Grenada (Byers)
| | - Chad B Frank
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology (Byas, Frank), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Clinical Sciences (Applegate, Stuart), College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO.,Department of Large Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada, West Indies, Grenada (Byers)
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von Stade L, Randall EK, Rao S, Marolf AJ. CT imaging features of canine thymomas. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2019; 60:659-667. [PMID: 31397033 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine thymomas have been evaluated based on clinical features, treatment options, surgical excision, and outcomes with limited information on specific CT features. The objective of this retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was to describe the CT characteristics of confirmed thymomas and to compare these imaging features to outcome. A total of 22 dogs met the inclusion criteria of histologically confirmed thymomas with concurrent CT imaging. Tumor size varied widely ranging from small and well-circumscribed to large and invasive. Delayed-phase, contrast-enhanced CT studies were best for determining the degree of contrast enhancement in tumors. Of these, 19 of 22 masses had heterogeneous enhancement and three of 22 masses had homogeneous enhancement. Vascular invasion was present in seven of 22 cases. Larger tumors were associated with vascular invasion (height: P = .04; width and volume: P = .02). On precontrast CT, larger tumors (16/21) were heterogeneous and cystic, with smaller tumors (5/21) being more homogeneous (all values P < .05). A larger size was associated with recurrence in fully resected masses (height: P = .03), but not a shorter outcome (P > .3 for all size dimensions). Postoperative complications and incomplete tumor resection were associated with shorter outcome (both values P < .01). Metastasis was confirmed in four cases. There were six cases with lymphadenopathy noted on CT; five of the six cases did not have evidence of metastasis. Larger tumors were more likely to be cystic and associated with vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elissa K Randall
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colarado
| | - Angela J Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Loewen JM, Cianciolo RE, Zhang L, Yaeger M, Ward JL, Smith JD, LeVine DN. Concurrent renal amyloidosis and thymoma resulting in a fatal ventricular thrombus in a dog. J Vet Intern Med 2018; 32:1160-1165. [PMID: 29485186 PMCID: PMC5980280 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymoma-associated nephropathies have been reported in people but not in dogs. In this report, we describe a dog with thymoma and concurrent renal amyloidosis. A 7-year-old castrated male Weimaraner was presented for progressive anorexia, lethargy, and tachypnea. The dog was diagnosed with azotemia, marked proteinuria, and a thymoma that was surgically removed. Postoperatively, the dog developed a large left ventricular thrombus and was euthanized. Necropsy confirmed the presence of a left ventricular thrombus and histopathology revealed renal amyloidosis. We speculate that the renal amyloidosis occurred secondary to the thymoma, with amyloidosis in turn leading to nephrotic syndrome, hypercoagulability, and ventricular thrombosis. This case illustrates the potential for thymoma-associated nephropathies to occur in dogs and that dogs suspected to have thymoma should have a urinalysis and urine protein creatinine ratio performed as part of the pre-surgical database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Loewen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Rachel E Cianciolo
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and International Veterinary Renal Pathology Service, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Yaeger
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jessica L Ward
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Jodi D Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Dana N LeVine
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
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Moller CA, Bender H. Pathology in Practice. Metastatic lymphocyte-rich thymoma in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2017; 250:387-390. [PMID: 28165310 DOI: 10.2460/javma.250.4.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Boehm TMSA, Klinger CJ, Udraite L, Mueller RS. [Targeting the skin - erythema multiforme in dogs and cats]. TIERAERZTLICHE PRAXIS AUSGABE KLEINTIERE HEIMTIERE 2017; 45:352-356. [PMID: 28933509 DOI: 10.15654/tpk-170119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article will describe the complex nature of erythema multiforme in dogs and cats. The disease pattern will be illustrated in terms of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnostics and therapy. Erythema multiforme is a rare, immune-mediated skin disorder with an acute specific reaction pattern of skin and mucous membranes against different underlying causes. Reported triggering factors include drugs, food ingredients and neoplasias, but viral or bacterial infections and vaccine reactions were also identified. In over 20% of the cases the cause cannot be identified. The German Shepherd dog and Pembroke Welsh Corgi seem to be predisposed. Erythematous macules, slightly elevated and peripherally spreading papules as well as circular to arciform patterns were described frequently in the dog. Wheals, plaques, vesicles and bullae that develop into ulcers, are also seen. Frequently affected areas in the dog are the ventrum, mucocutaneous junctions, mouth, pinnae and foot pads. Histopathological findings include single cell necrosis in all layers of the epidermis with lymphocytic satellitosis and a cell-poor interface dermatitis. Elimination of the causative factors and concurrent symptomatic therapy are recommended. The prognosis varies from guarded to fair, depending on the underlying cause, presenting clinical signs and response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa M S A Boehm
- Teresa Böhm, Medizinische Kleintierklinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Veterinärstraße 13, 80539 München, E-Mail:
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Goto S, Murakami M, Kawabe M, Iwasaki R, Heishima K, Sakai H, Mori T. Hypofractionated radiation therapy in the treatment of canine thymoma: Retrospective study of eight cases. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2017; 58:613-620. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Goto
- Animal Medical Center; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Mami Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Mifumi Kawabe
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Ryota Iwasaki
- Animal Medical Center; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Kazuki Heishima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Hiroki Sakai
- Department of Pathology; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
| | - Takashi Mori
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Oncology; Gifu University; Yanagido Gifu-shi Gifu 501-1193 Japan
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Linek M, Rüfenacht S, Brachelente C, von Tscharner C, Favrot C, Wilhelm S, Nett C, Mueller RS, Mayer U, Welle M. Nonthymoma-associated exfoliative dermatitis in 18 cats. Vet Dermatol 2014; 26:40-5, e12-3. [DOI: 10.1111/vde.12169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Linek
- Tieraerztliche Spezialisten; Rodigallee 85 D-22043 Hamburg Germany
| | | | - Chiara Brachelente
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Institute for Animal Pathology; University of Bern; Länggassstrasse 120 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland
| | - Claudia von Tscharner
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Institute for Animal Pathology; University of Bern; Länggassstrasse 120 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland
| | - Claude Favrot
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Dermatologie Klinik für Kleintiermedizin; Winterthurerstrasse 260 CH-8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Wilhelm
- Dermavet; Muhenstrasse 56 CH-5036 Oberentfelden Switzerland
| | - Claudia Nett
- Dermatologie und Allergologie für Tiere; c/o Ennetseeklinik für Kleintiere; Rothusstrasse 2 CH-6331 Hünenberg Switzerland
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine; Ludwig Maximilian University; D-80539 Munich Germany
| | | | - Monika Welle
- Vetsuisse Faculty; Institute for Animal Pathology; University of Bern; Länggassstrasse 120 CH-3001 Bern Switzerland
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Yager JA. Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a comparative review. Vet Dermatol 2014; 25:406-e64. [PMID: 24990284 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human erythema multiforme (EM) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN) are separate conditions. There is no consensus on classification criteria for the eponymous diseases in animals. RESULTS Animal EM is very different from 90% of human EM, which is herpes virus associated (HAEM). Animals lack acrally distributed, typical raised targets. Unlike canine parvovirus 'EM', HAEM is not an active infection. Animal EM is often attributed to drugs, but this is rarely proved. Conversely, human and animal SJS/TEN are almost identical, life-threatening disorders of epidermal necrosis and detachment, typically triggered by drugs (occasionally by infectious agents). Both EM and SJS/TEN are mediated by cytotoxic lymphocyte responses against altered keratinocytes (infectious agents or drugs). Apoptosis results from direct cytotoxicity or through soluble mediators, namely Fas ligand, granzymes, perforin and granulysin. Diagnosis in humans is clinicopathological, with emphasis on clinical lesions; histopathology confirms the pathological process as interface (cytotoxic) dermatitis. Human EM is self-limiting; only recurrent and rare persistent cases require antiviral/immunosuppressive therapies. Drug-induced EM responds to drug withdrawal. Idiopathic canine EM (>40%) is usually chronic, refractory to treatment and may represent heterogeneous conditions. Early identification and removal of the causative drug and high-quality supportive care are critical in SJS/TEN. Mortality rate is nevertheless high. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE (1) Histopathological lesions do not reliably differentiate EM, SJS and TEN. (2) A multicentre study to develop a consensus set of clinical criteria for EM and SJS/TEN in animals is overdue. (3) No adjunctive therapies, including intravenous immunoglobulin and ciclosporin, have met evidence-based standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Yager
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G2W1
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Robat CS, Cesario L, Gaeta R, Miller M, Schrempp D, Chun R. Clinical features, treatment options, and outcome in dogs with thymoma: 116 cases (1999–2010). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 243:1448-54. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.243.10.1448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Snook TS, White SD, Hawkins MG, Tell LA, Wilson LS, Outerbridge CA, Ihrke PJ. Skin diseases in pet rabbits: a retrospective study of 334 cases seen at the University of California at Davis, USA (1984-2004). Vet Dermatol 2013; 24:613-7, e148. [PMID: 24164511 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rabbits are growing in popularity as companion animals, and dermatology problems are often the presenting complaint when seeing a veterinarian. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To document skin diseases and their prevalence in pet domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in northern California, USA; to investigate predilections for breed, age or sex for the most common conditions over a 20 year period. ANIMALS Three hundred and thirty-four pet rabbits from the overall hospital population met inclusion criteria. METHODS A retrospective study was carried out by searching the computerized medical records of rabbits seen at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (VMTH) from 1 January 1984 to 31 December 2004 using key words relevant to dermatology. RESULTS Twenty-nine per cent of pet rabbits seen at the VMTH had skin disease. Lop-eared rabbits were over-represented, whereas mixed-breed rabbits and castrated males were under-represented in the dermatology caseload compared with the hospital population. Pododermatitis was the most common skin disease; abscesses, alopecia, otitis externa and ectoparasites also were common. Several species of bacteria other than Pasteurella spp. were isolated from abscesses. Despite the frequent mention of myxomatosis and venereal spirochetosis in the rabbit literature, few cases (three and two, respectively) were diagnosed. Castrated males were 3.7 times more likely to present with alopecia than intact males; rabbits <1 year of age were 3.6 times more likely to present with Psoroptes infestation/otitis than adult rabbits. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Cutaneous conditions in pet rabbits in the USA are common. Bacterial culture should be performed and antibiotic susceptibility determined in all rabbits with abscesses, particularly those not responding to typical anti-Pasteurella antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara S Snook
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616-8737, USA
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Makaron L, Smith K, Bailey C, Kaliyaperumal S, Miller A, Kramer J. Immune-mediated interface dermatitis in a rhesus macaque. J Med Primatol 2012; 41:332-5. [PMID: 22882754 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2012.00558.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune dermatitis, specifically interface dermatitis, is rarely reported in nonhuman primates. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS This report describes a case of idiopathic immune-mediated dermatitis clinically manifesting as palmoplantar hyperkeratosis in a rhesus macaque, successfully controlled with the use of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Makaron
- Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.
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Abstract
The complex and fascinating spectrum of inflammatory skin disease, and the comprehension of it, is ever expanding and evolving. During the first decade of the 21st century, numerous advances in the understanding of inflammatory disease mechanisms have occurred, particularly in psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Continuation of this trend will assure a future in which molecular tests for biomarkers of immediate clinical relevance are used in routine patient care, not only for diagnosis but also for prognosis and management. This article focuses on selected recent or noteworthy developments that are clinically relevant for the histologic diagnosis of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell A Fung
- UC Davis Dermatopathology Service, Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, 3301 C Street, Suite 1400, Sacramento, CA 95816, USA.
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