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Mohamud AK, Inchon P, Suwannaporn S, Prasert K, Dirie NI. Assessment of prevalence and risk factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors in Mogadishu Somalia. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:690. [PMID: 38438851 PMCID: PMC10913210 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through contaminated blood or bodily fluids. Globally, over 81 million blood units are donated annually, a crucial therapeutic procedure without alternatives. However, blood-borne infections, including HBV, pose a significant hurdle to safe transfusions, especially in HBV-endemic regions like Somalia with limited screening. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of Hepatitis B virus infection and identify risk factors associated with it among blood donors in Mogadishu, Somalia. METHOD A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted between February and April 2023. Research tools included a 5-ml blood sample and a structured questionnaire. The presence or absence of HB markers was determined using a multi-HB rapid test and CDC's HB marker interpretation guideline. Logistic regression was used in univariate and multivariate models to identify risk factors associated with HBV infection, with significance set at a p-value < 0.05 in the final model. RESULT A total of 494 blood donors were recruited for this study; 93.9% were male, with a mean age of 31.5 (SD = 8.11). The prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among blood donors was 9.7%, with a 95% CI of 7.1-12.3. In multivariable logistic regression, those with a monthly income of less than 200 USD (AOR = 5.20, 95% CI = 1.61-16.79), those with an income between 200 and 400 (AOR = 3.59, 95% CI = 1.38-9.34), Jobless blood donors (AOR = 3.78, 95% CI = 1.17-12.20), those in business occupations (AOR = 3.35, 95% CI = 1.24-9.08), those with a history of STDs (AOR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.03-11.50), those without a history of HB vaccine (AOR = 13.81, 95% CI = 2.46-77.41), those with a history of tooth extraction (AOR = 6.90, 95% CI = 2.66-17.88), and those who shared sharp equipment (AOR = 2.90, 95% CI = 1.07-7.82) were more likely to become infected with the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION This study highlights a high prevalence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Implementation efforts against HBV infection should specifically focus on low-income individuals, the jobless, and donors with a history of STD to mitigate the burden of HBV infection and promote safer blood donation. In addition, discouraging the sharing of sharp equipment, improving infection control practices during tooth extraction procedures, and enhancing HB vaccination uptake, particularly among individuals lacking a history of HB vaccine, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdirahman Khalif Mohamud
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, Thailand
| | - Pamornsri Inchon
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, Thailand.
| | - Sirinan Suwannaporn
- Department of Public Health, School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, ChiangRai, Thailand
| | - Kriengkrai Prasert
- Nakhon Phanom Provincial Hospital, Nakhon Phanom, Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Najib Isse Dirie
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, and Health Sciences, Dr Sumait Hospital, SIMAD University, Mogadishu, Somalia
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Mekonnen D, Solomon T, Nigatu M. Prevalence of Hepatitis B virus and its predictors among volunteer blood donors in Jimma, Ethiopia, 2018: A cross-sectional study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Melku M, Ambachew S, Enawgaw B, Abebe M, Abebe Z, Deressa T, Damtie D, Biadgo B, Tessema B, Geremew D, Kebede A, Woldu B, Teklu T, Shiferaw E. Sero-epidemiology and associated factors of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis among blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:778. [PMID: 34372772 PMCID: PMC8351159 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) remain a major public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, comprehensive information about sero-epidemiology of major TTIs is lacking at the national level. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed at providing the pooled estimate of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and syphilis among blood donors in Ethiopia. METHODS Relevant studies published until May 31, 2019 were searched through PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, SCOPUS, HINARI, Cochrane database library, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Google. The methodological quality of articles was assessed using Joanna Brigg's Institute critical appraisal checklist for prevalence and analytical studies. The pooled sero-epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis were determined using the random-effects model. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I2 statistics. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger's statistics. RESULTS A total of 7921 articles were retrieved, and 7798 were screened for eligibility after duplicates removed. Forty-nine full-text articles were assessed for eligibility; of which 45 were eligible for qualitative and quantitative synthesis: categorized as 36, 34, 31 and 23 studies for estimations of HBV, HIV, HCV and syphilis, respectively. In the random-effects model, the pooled sero-epidemiology of HBV, HIV, HCV and syphilis was 5.20, 2.83, 0.93 and 1.50%, respectively. Moreover, being a male blood donor was significantly associated with HBV and syphilis infection, whereas being a replacement blood donor was significantly associated with a high burden of HIV, HBV and HCV infections. CONCLUSION The pooled sero-epidemiology of major TTIs among blood donors was high. Therefore, there is a need to design prevention and control strategies in a comprehensive approach to reduce the burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Sintayehu Ambachew
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Bamlaku Enawgaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Molla Abebe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zegeye Abebe
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Tekalign Deressa
- Ethiopian Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Biadgo
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Belay Tessema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Geremew
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Asemarie Kebede
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Woldu
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Teklu
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Elias Shiferaw
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Abebe M, Marga N. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Syphilis Among Blood Donors at Western Oromia, Ethiopia. J Blood Med 2021; 12:671-677. [PMID: 34349580 PMCID: PMC8326524 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s310329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion saves lives and improves health, but many patients requiring transfusion do not have timely access to safe blood. Human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis are the commonest transfused transmitted infections and threats to blood recipients. Proper donor selection and screening of the donated blood for major transfusion-transmitted infections evidently reduced challenge in blood safety. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence HIV and syphilis infections among blood donors at East Wollega, West Ethiopia. Patients and Methods A five-year (from January 2015 to December 2019) retrospective study was conducted by reviewing blood donor laboratory test results from Nekemte blood bank which is serving hospitals in Western Oromia. Blood donor data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 software. Results The total of 17,810 individual’s blood was screened during the study period. The overall prevalence of HIV, syphilis, and their co-infection was 222 (1.25%), 142 (0.80%), and 5 (0.03%), respectively. The prevalence of HIV was associated with unmarried (AOR: 2.4; 95% CI: 1.5, 5.2), male (AOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.5, 2.9), and blood donors resident in a rural area (AOR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.5, 5.9). Besides, the prevalence of syphilis was associated with education, age, marital status and residence of study participant. Conclusion In the current study, the sero-prevalence of HIV and syphilis among blood donors was low, when it was compared to other sub-Saharan Africa country. However, to ensure the health of all recipients screening blood using standard methods is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milkias Abebe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Oromia, Ethiopia
| | - Nagasa Marga
- Department Medical Laboratory, Bako Hospital, Bako, Oromia, Ethiopia
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Beykaso G, Teklehaymanot T, Giday M, Berhe N, Doyore F, Alemayehu DH, Mihret A, Mulu A. Estimating the Transmission Risks of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Among Blood Donors in Hossana, Southern Ethiopia. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:3117-3127. [PMID: 34335061 PMCID: PMC8318006 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s323057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Screening of viral transfusion-transmissible infections (TTIs) among blood donors is of public health concern. It is a cost-effective method to monitor the occurrence, distribution, and trends of TTIs in healthy people. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of the three common viral TTIs among blood donors in Hossana, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 417 blood donors from April to May 2020 in Southern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory blood screening for hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using Wantai AiDTM HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV 1 + 2 Ag/Ab ELISA. Data were entered into Epi-Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with each viral infection. The odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was calculated. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 417 blood donors participated in this study producing an overall prevalence of viral TTI was 14.38%. HBV, HCV, and HIV prevalence were 9.83%, 2.39%, and 4.31%, respectively. HBV-HIV was a common co-infection, which had 1.2%. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, family history of hepatitis (AOR=5.2, 95% CI (2.92, 7.41)) and multiple sexual contacts (AOR=4.2, 95% CI (2.32-7.43)) were significantly associated with HBV; low educational level (AOR=3.1, 95% CI (2.58-15.25)) and multiple sexual contacts (AOR=4.9, 95% CI (3.51-7.96)) were significantly associated with HIV, but the only variable alcohol consumption (AOR=2.7, 95% CI (6.72-23.76)) was also associated with HCV infection. Conclusion In this study, the magnitude of viral TTIs among blood donors is high. This indicates that there are high risks of transmission for these infectious pathogens. Therefore, effective stringent donor selection and screening protocols should be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizachew Beykaso
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Teklehaymanot
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nega Berhe
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Feleke Doyore
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia
| | | | - Adane Mihret
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Department of Virology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Andargachew Mulu
- Armauer Hansen Research Institute, Department of Virology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Lake EA, Fite RO, Gebrekirstos LG, Gebremedhin MH, Obsa MS, Gelaw KA. Seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:131. [PMID: 33516181 PMCID: PMC7847585 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05827-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is one of the routine therapeutic interventions in hospitals that can be lifesaving. However, this intervention is related to several transfusion-related infections. Hepatitis C viral infection is one of the most common causes of transfusion-related hepatitis. Subsequently, this systematic review and meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, Health InterNetwork Access to Research Initiative (HINARI), Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), and Cochrane library, the web of science, African journal of online (AJOL), and Google Scholar was searched. The data were extracted using Microsoft Excel and analyzed by using STATA version 14. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot, contour-enhanced funnel plots, trim and fill analysis and more objectively through Egger’s regression test, with P < 0.05 considered to indicate potential publication bias. The heterogeneity of studies was checked using I2 statistics. Pooled analysis was conducted using a weighted inverse variance random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was done by region and study period. A sensitivity analysis was employed. Result A total of 25 studies with 197,172 study participants were used to estimate the seroprevalence of hepatitis c virus among blood donors. The overall seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus was 0.819% (95% CI: 0.67–0.969; I2 = 92.3%). Regional sub-group analysis showed that the pooled prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection among blood donors found to be 0.563% in Somali, 1.08% in Oromia, 0.847% in Amhara, and 0.908% in south nations nationalities and peoples region. Conclusion The pooled seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus infection among blood donors in Ethiopia found to be low. Moreover, there should be systematic strategies that enhance donor screening and retention of safe regular donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyasu Alem Lake
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science And Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia.
| | - Robera Olana Fite
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science And Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | | | - Meron Hadis Gebremedhin
- School of Medicine, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed Suleiman Obsa
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Kelemu Abebe Gelaw
- Department of Midwifery, College of Health Science and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
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Abdella S, Moshago Berheto T, Tolera G, Belete W, Deressa T, Feleke A, H/silassie A, Gezahegn N, Tadesse D, Tefera M, Dillnessa E, Kinfu A, Abate E, Kifle T. Sero-prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections: HIV, Hepatitis B, C and Treponema pallidum and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241086. [PMID: 33119668 PMCID: PMC7595291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Blood transfusion is a therapeutic procedure that has proven to be effective in saving millions of lives. However, its safety is still a crucial issue that needs due attention. Unsafe blood transfusion is one of the sources of transmission for infectious agents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the sero-prevalence of Transfusion Transmittable Infections (TTIs) such as Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Treponema pallidum, and associated factors among blood donors in Ethiopia. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study design was used to measure the prevalence of transfusion transmittable infections using data collected from 2014 to 2019 in fourteen blood bank facilities in Ethiopia. Screening of HIV, HBV and HCV was done by using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Presence of Treponema pallidum infection was assessed using rapid plasma reagin (RPR). Records of blood donors were collected using a checklist from Central Blood Bank Laboratory (BBL) electronic database and reviewed. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was fitted to identify factors associated with cumulative TTIs positivity, and for each of the transfusion transmittable infection. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 554,954 blood donors in the fourteen blood bank facilities from 2014–2019 was included in the study. The overall sero-prevalence of HBV, Treponema pallidum, HIV and HCV, was 2.4%, 0.9%, 0.4% and 0.4% respectively. The prevalence of TTIs was comparatively higher in 2014, 5.70% and lowest in 2019, 3.40%. The odds of screening HBV in blood donors in age group of 35–39 and 40–44 were 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] and 1.3 [1.1, 1.5] respectively. The odds of screening HCV in blood donors in the age group of 25–34, 35–44 and 45–54 were 1.3 [1.1, 1.5], 1.3 [1.1, 1.7] and 1.7 [1.2, 2.2] respectively. The likelihood of having at least one infection among blood donors was 1.2 [1.1, 1.3] times in male blood donors compared to female. The odds of getting at least one TTI and Treponema pallidum in unemployed blood donors were 2.4 [2.0, 2.8] and 8.1 [6.1, 10.7] respectively. The probability of getting those who have at least one TTIs, HBV and Treponema pallidum were higher in blood donors those who live in Semi Urban and Rural parts of the country than those who live in Urban areas. The odds of having at least one TTI, HBV and HCV in blood donors with mobile mode of blood donation were 1.4 [1.3, 1.6], 1.6 [1.4, 1.8], and 1.6 [1.1, 2.2]. Conclusion The current magnitudes of TTIs are lower when compared to other previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Older age, male, occupation, donations from mobile sites, residents of semi urban and rural settings were found to be strongly associated with sero-positivity of TTIs. Hence, strict donor screening and testing particularly taking the above factors into consideration is strongly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saro Abdella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | | | | | - Altaye Feleke
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Demewoz Tadesse
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mengistu Tefera
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Abiy Kinfu
- Ethiopian National Blood Bank Service, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ebba Abate
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Seroprevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus infection in blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1039-1048. [PMID: 32219546 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be transmitted during blood donation. This study estimated the pooled prevalence of hepatitis B and associated risk factors in blood donors in Ethiopia. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), the Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), SCOPUS, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and JSTOR were accessed. Articles were searched from the Addis Ababa University research repository. The core search terms and phrases were "Hepatitis", "Hepatitis B", "Blood Donation", "Blood Donor", "Transfusion", "Transfusion Transmissible Infections", "Ethiopia", "Addis Ababa", "Adama", "Bahirdar", "Dire Dawa", "Gondar", "Mekelle", "Hawassa". The data were analyzed based on a DerSimonian-Laird random-effects model using STATA 14 and Review Manager version 5.3. I2 was used to quantify between-study heterogeneity. Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was done. Twenty-seven articles with 308,188 samples were included in the meta-analysis. The studies used HBsAg to diagnose hepatitis B. The pooled prevalence of HBV infection among blood donors was 4.91% (95% CI: 4.21-5.60; I2 = 99%). Male sex (p < 0.001), replacement donors (p = 0.007), history of tooth extraction (p < 0.001), and sharp material sharing (p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk, while being a repetitive blood donor was associated with a decreased risk of being infected with HBV (p = 0.02).
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Negash M, Ayalew M, Geremew D, Workineh M. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors for HIV, Hepatitis B and C among blood Donors in South Gondar District blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:430. [PMID: 31096921 PMCID: PMC6524212 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the undeniable significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the quality of blood faced challenges from transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), HBV (hepatitis B virus) and HCV (hepatitis C virus). This cross-sectional study was undertaken with the aim of determining the seroprevalence and risk factors of HIV, HBV, and HCV among blood donors. Methods An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted at Debre Tabor district hospital from January 2017 to February 2018. Blood samples from volunteer donors collected; serum separated and screened with ELISA tests for detection of anti-HIV, hepatitis-B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV. Fishers’ exact test was employed to see the association between variables as well logistic regression tests were applied to identify potential risk factors. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result A total of 310 volunteer donors were included in the study. The proportion of blood donors having at least one viral-TTI was 12.6% while the magnitudes of HIV, HBV, and HCV were 2.6, 5.8 and 4.2%, respectively. Educational status and multiple sexual behaviors are significantly associated with HIV acquisition whilst marital status was significantly associated with HBsAg seropositivity. Conclusion Seroprevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections was high and alarming therefore proper screening of donated blood with test methods having better diagnostic performance should be employed. Also encouragement of blood donation from voluntary donors and creating awareness on the general public regarding HIV, HBsAg and HCV transmission and prevention should be strengthen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Negash
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P O Box-196, Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia.
| | - Moges Ayalew
- Debre Tabor Hospital, Debre Tabor, Northwest, Ethiopia
| | - Demeke Geremew
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P O Box-196, Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia
| | - Meseret Workineh
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Gondar, P O Box-196, Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia
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Mulugeta H, Dessie G, Wagnew F, Jara D, Leshargie CT, Negesse A. Seroprevalence and trend of human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:383. [PMID: 31060507 PMCID: PMC6501376 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion is one of the routine therapeutic interventions in hospitals that can be lifesaving. However, this intervention is related to several transfusion-related infections. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is one of the major public health problems associated with blood transfusion. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate seroprevalence and trend of human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Ethiopia. METHODS Studies on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors published until 2017 were accessed by conducting a detailed search on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EMBASE and CINAHL databases using the keywords:-"Seroprevalence" AND "trend" AND "HIV" OR "human" AND "immunodeficiency" AND "virus" OR "human immunodeficiency virus" AND "blood donors" OR "blood donors" OR "Ethiopia". The quality of each article was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects method. All statistical analyses were done using STATA version 11 software. RESULT The estimated pooled seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Ethiopia was 2.69% (95% CI (1.79-3.58%)). The overall seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection showed a significant decline trend from 2004 to 2016. CONCLUSION The overall seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among blood donors in Ethiopia was high. Routine screening of donor blood for transfusion-transmissible infections is essential for ensuring the safety of blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henok Mulugeta
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
| | - Getenet Dessie
- Department of Nursing, School of health science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, P.O. Box 79, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Fasil Wagnew
- Department of Nursing, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Dube Jara
- Department of Public Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Cheru Tesema Leshargie
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Ayenew Negesse
- Department of Human nutrition and food science, College of Health Science, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Keleta YT, Achila OO, Haile AW, Gebrecherkos BH, Tesfaldet DT, Teklu KS, Mohammed MA, Ghedel ST. Seroprevalence of transfusion transmitted infections among blood donors in Gash Barka Zonal Blood Transfusion Center, Barentu, Eritrea, 2014 through 2017. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2019; 19:5. [PMID: 30911398 PMCID: PMC6417238 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-019-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Transfusion-transmissible infections pose a major health risk in developing countries, including Eritrea. In the present study, we sought to determine the prevalence of specific transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) and the associated risk factors among blood donors at a newly established regional blood transfusion center in Barentu, Eritrea. Methods The seroprevalence of markers for specific TTIs by sex, age, educational status, residence, occupation, and donor type was evaluated for donors who donated blood between July 2014 and April 2017. The relationship between TTIs and the stated factors was evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test/Fishers exact test. Adjusted and unadjusted binary logistic regression models were employed to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the occurrence of TTIs. A two-sided p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result A total of 1939 donors were included in this study. Majority of the donors were males (88.2%), urban residents (68.8%), greater than 25 years of age (67%), and family replacement blood donors (FRBD) (59.7%). Two hundred and fifty (12.9%) donors were infected by at least one TTI. The cumulative seroprevalence of Human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and syphilis were 16 (0.8%), 97 (5%), 13 (0.7%) and 140 (7.2%), respectively. Out of the total 266 infected donors, the prevalence of co-infection was 16 (0.8%). In the adjusted model, the OR and 95% CI for the seropositivity for any TTI associated with age, no formal education, elementary school educational level, and junior school educational level were 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01–1.04), 4.4 (95% CI: 2.58–7.49), 2.67 (95% CI: 1.49–4.80), and 2.00 (95% CI: 1.14–3.52), respectively. In addition, blood from FRBD had an increased likelihood of contamination with at least one TTI, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.56 (1.10–2.21). Conclusion The prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections is relatively high. In particular, specific groups in the population appear to be disproportionally affected. Therefore, targeted sensitization campaigns should be implemented in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacob Tesfamichael Keleta
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Oliver Okoth Achila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Absera Woldu Haile
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | | | - Danait Tareke Tesfaldet
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Kibrom Solomon Teklu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Mesuda Abrhum Mohammed
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
| | - Selihom Tesfaslase Ghedel
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Asmara College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 8566, Asmara, Eritrea
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12
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Heyredin I, Mengistie B, Weldegebreal F. Sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections and associated factors among blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia: an Institutional-based cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2019; 7:2050312119834468. [PMID: 30834117 PMCID: PMC6393942 DOI: 10.1177/2050312119834468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood transfusion saves millions of lives each year globally. But, it was associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences. However, there is paucity of information regarding to the sero-prevalence and risk factor of transfusion-transmittable infections among blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections and associated factors among blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia from February to March 2018. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 500 blood donors in Eastern Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory blood screening. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Statistically significance was considered at p < 0.05. RESULTS The overall sero-prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections was 12.4% (95% confidence interval: 9.5, 15.3). Hepatitis B virus (6.6%) and syphilis (3.4%) were found at high magnitude. Those with family having human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis (adjusted odd ratio = 2.91; 95% confidence interval: 1.33, 6.33), giving care for human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis patient (adjusted odd ratio = 3.24; 95% confidence interval: 1.49, 7.07), multiple sex partner (adjusted odd ratio = 2.56; 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 5.19), unsafe sex (adjusted odd ratio = 2.99; 95% confidence interval: 1.51, 5.92), dental procedure (adjusted odd ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval: 1.20, 6.28), and had no formal education (adjusted odd ratio = 2.46; 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 4.86) were significantly associated with transfusion-transmittable infections. CONCLUSION The prevalence of transfusion-transmittable infections in this study was relatively high compared to studies conducted earlier in Ethiopia. Factors such as unsafe sex, multiple sex partner, dental procedure, and family with human immunodeficiency virus or hepatitis, provide health care for human immunodeficiency virus-infected or hepatitis patients, donor type, and educational level were significantly associated with transmission-transmittable infections. Thus, health promotion about prevention and control transmission-transmittable infections should be given to the community by considering the identified risk factors. Each of the blood banks and regional health bureaus in the study area should mobilize community for increasing repeated voluntary donors through promotion of blood bank activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bezatu Mengistie
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Fitsum Weldegebreal
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
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