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McDoom MM, Cooper LA, Hsu YJ, Singh A, Perin J, Thornton RLJ. Neighborhood Environment Characteristics and Control of Hypertension and Diabetes in a Primary Care Patient Sample. J Gen Intern Med 2020; 35:1189-1198. [PMID: 32043258 PMCID: PMC7174485 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-020-05671-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension control and diabetes control are important for reducing cardiovascular disease burden. A growing body of research suggests an association between neighborhood environment and hypertension or diabetes control among patients engaged in clinical care. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether neighborhood conditions (i.e., healthy food availability, socioeconomic status (SES), and crime) were associated with hypertension and diabetes control. DESIGN Cross-sectional analyses using electronic medical record (EMR) data, U.S. Census data, and secondary data characterizing neighborhood food environments. Multivariate logistic regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. Analyses were conducted in 2017. PARTICIPANTS Five thousand nine hundred seventy adults receiving primary care at three Baltimore City clinics in 2010-2011. MAIN MEASURES Census tract-level neighborhood healthy food availability, neighborhood SES, and neighborhood crime. Hypertension control defined as systolic blood pressure < 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg. Diabetes control defined as HgbA1c < 7. KEY RESULTS Among patients with hypertension, neighborhood conditions were not associated with lower odds of blood pressure control after accounting for patient and physician characteristics. However, among patients with diabetes, in fully adjusted models accounting for patient and physician characteristics, we found that patients residing in neighborhoods with low and moderate SES had reduced odds of diabetes control (OR = 0.74 (95% CI = 0.57-0.97) and OR = 0.75 (95% CI = 0.57-0.98), respectively) compared to those living in high-SES neighborhoods. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood disadvantage may contribute to poor diabetes control among patients in clinical care. Community-based chronic disease care management strategies to improve diabetes control may be optimally effective if they also address neighborhood SES among patients engaged in care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maya McDoom
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Cooper
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Suite 4200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yea-Jen Hsu
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Abhay Singh
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Perin
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel L J Thornton
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Johns Hopkins Center for Health Equity, 5200 Eastern Avenue, Suite 4200, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Trevejo RT, Lefebvre SL, Yang M, Rhoads C, Goldstein G, Lund EM. Survival analysis to evaluate associations between periodontal disease and the risk of development of chronic azotemic kidney disease in cats evaluated at primary care veterinary hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2019; 252:710-720. [PMID: 29504859 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.6.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine potential associations between periodontal disease (PD) and the risk of development of chronic azotemic kidney disease (CKD) among cats and determine whether the risk of CKD increases with severity of PD. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. ANIMALS 169, 242 cats. PROCEDURES Cats were evaluated ≥ 3 times at any of 829 hospitals from January 1, 2002, through June 30, 2013. Cats with an initial diagnosis of PD of any stage (n = 56,414) were frequency matched with cats that had no history or evidence of PD (112,828) by age and year of study entry. Data on signalment, PD, and other conditions potentially related to CKD were extracted from electronic medical records. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the association of PD with CKD after controlling for covariates. RESULTS PD was associated with increased risk of CKD; risk was highest for cats with stage 3 or 4 PD. Risk of CKD increased with age. Purebred cats had greater risk of CKD than mixed-breed cats. General anesthesia within the year before study exit and diagnosis of cystitis at any point prior to study exit (including prior to study entry) were each associated with increased CKD risk. Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus or hepatic lipidosis at any point prior to study exit was associated with decreased CKD risk. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings supported the benefit of maintaining good oral health and can be useful to veterinarians for educating owners on the importance of preventing PD in cats.
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Debnath S, O'Connor J, Hura C, Kasinath B, Lorenzo C. Quality of Life and Depression Among Mexican Americans on Hemodialysis: A Preliminary Report. Ther Apher Dial 2017; 22:166-170. [PMID: 29193825 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.12642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Health-related quality of life (QOL) and depression burden of Mexican Americans with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are not known. This observational cross-sectional study assessed QOL and depression and examined their inter-relatedness in Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes and ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis (HD) treatment. Prevalent Mexican Americans on HD (N = 40) completed the Kidney Disease Quality of Life-Short Form (KDQOL-SF) and the Beck Depression Inventory II. The overall median scores for the mental component summary and the physical component summary scales in the KDQOL-SF were 40.9 and 34.0, respectively. The prevalence of severe depression was 40%. The most significant differences between depressed and non-depressed groups were symptom/problem list, cognitive function, and emotional well- being (P < 0.0001 for all). Mexican Americans with depression endure a more dismal QOL compared to non-depressed peers. Significant negative correlations between depression and several QOL scales underscore plausible interactions between the two conditions which warrants further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Debnath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jason O'Connor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Hura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Balakuntalam Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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Cunningham SED, Verkaik D, Gross G, Khazim K, Hirachan P, Agarwal G, Lorenzo C, Matteucci E, Bansal S, Fanti P. Comparison of Nutrition Profile and Diet Record Between Veteran and Nonveteran End-Stage Renal Disease Patients Receiving Hemodialysis in Veterans Affairs and Community Clinics in Metropolitan South-Central Texas. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:698-708. [PMID: 25899538 DOI: 10.1177/0884533615575046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. military veterans have high rates of chronic disease and social disadvantage, which are risk factors for protein-energy wasting (PEW). It is not known whether this translates into high prevalence of PEW in veterans with end-stage renal disease. METHODS We compared the clinical, socioeconomic, and nutrition status and the diet of 33 veteran and 38 nonveteran clinically stable patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in south-central Texas. RESULTS The whole cohort included 82% Mexican Americans (MAs), 72% type 2 diabetics, and 73% males. The body mass index was 28.9 ± 6.2, while energy intake was 21.5 ± 8.2 kcal/kg/d and protein intake was 1.0 ± 0.4 g/kg/d. Serum albumin (bromocresol purple) was 3.5 ± 0.4 g/dL, transferrin was 171.9 ± 27.8 mg/d, C-reactive protein was 2.9 (1.4-6.5) mg/L, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was 8.3 (4.2-17.9) pg/mL, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin was 729 (552-1256) ng/mL, and the malnutrition-inflammation score was 8.8 ± 3.0. In group comparison that adjusted for sex and ethnicity, the veterans had better household income, less MAs (60% vs 100%), more males (94% vs 55%), more use of a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade (66% vs 33%), and lower IL-6 levels (4.4 [3.1-5.8] vs 15.4 [8.3-20.5] pg/mL; P = .01) than nonveterans. In regression analysis, the lower serum IL-6 level in veterans was independently explained by dialysis clinic, sex, and, possibly, household income (intermediate significance). CONCLUSION In a relatively small cohort of clinically stable MHD patients, the veterans showed equivalent nutrition status and dietary intake and less inflammation than the nonveterans, thus not supporting the possibility that veteran MHD patients may have worse nutrition than the nonveteran counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue E D Cunningham
- Divisions of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Darlene Verkaik
- Audie L. Murphy Veterans Memorial Hospital, STVHCS, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Georgiana Gross
- School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Khalid Khazim
- Divisions of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas Division of Nephrology, Western Galilee Hospital, Nahariya, Israel
| | - Padam Hirachan
- Divisions of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Gurav Agarwal
- Divisions of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Carlos Lorenzo
- Clinical Epidemiology, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Shweta Bansal
- Audie L. Murphy Veterans Memorial Hospital, STVHCS, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Paolo Fanti
- Divisions of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas Audie L. Murphy Veterans Memorial Hospital, STVHCS, San Antonio, Texas
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Parchwani DN, Palandurkar KM, Hema Chandan Kumar D, Patel DJ. Genetic Predisposition to Diabetic Nephropathy: Evidence for a Role of ACE (I/D) Gene Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetic Population from Kutch Region. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30:43-54. [PMID: 25646040 PMCID: PMC4310839 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-013-0402-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphism as described with angiotensin-converting enzyme gene has been proposed as a putative mediator of diabetic nephropathy. We substantiate the hypothesis that genetic variants of the ACE have significant impacts on diabetic nephropathy. To assess the possible association between the three ACE polymorphic variants and DN in an ethnically homogeneous type 2 diabetic population from Kutch region. A 287-bp insertion/deletion polymorphism in intron 16 of the ACE gene was examined by polymerase chain reaction using a case-control approach conducted with 309 unrelated type 2 diabetic patients of Kutch origin (159 Ahir and 150 Rabari, with >10 years duration of T2DM). Of the patients, 143 had nephropathy {AER >30 mg/day (Ahir, n:73 and Rabari, n:70)} and were considered as cases; all others {n:166 (86 Ahir and 80 Rabari)} were normoalbuminuric (AER <30 mg/day) and were treated as controls. Suitable descriptive statistics was used for different variables. Genotype frequencies in all groups were all in accordance with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypic distribution was significantly different between cases and controls (Ahir: x(2) :8.87, 2 d.f. p = 0.0118; Rabari: x(2) :11.01, 2 d.f. p = 0.0041). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that DD genotype was a significant and strongest independent predictor of microalbuminuria (Ahir: p = 0.0362, OR = 2.65, 95 % CI 1.89-6.36; Rabari: p = 0.024, OR = 2.81, 95 % CI 1.9-6.65). However, it did not independently change the odds of having macroalbuminuria versus microalbuminuria. Analysis of the association under various genetic models revealed that ACE I/D polymorphic variant contribute to DN susceptibility under recessive mode only. Genetic variation at the ACE locus as D/D variant in intron 16, contribute to an increased risk of nephropathy in T2DM patients but not extent of DN severity, and thus this polymorphism might be considered as genetic risk factors for DN among patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak N. Parchwani
- G.K.General Hospital, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, H/No-B/10 New, Bhuj, Gujarat India
| | - Kamlesh M. Palandurkar
- G.K.General Hospital, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, H/No-B/10 New, Bhuj, Gujarat India
| | - D. Hema Chandan Kumar
- G.K.General Hospital, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, H/No-B/10 New, Bhuj, Gujarat India
| | - Darshan J. Patel
- G.K.General Hospital, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, H/No-B/10 New, Bhuj, Gujarat India
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Selvin E, Parrinello CM, Sacks DB, Coresh J. Trends in prevalence and control of diabetes in the United States, 1988-1994 and 1999-2010. Ann Intern Med 2014; 160:517-25. [PMID: 24733192 PMCID: PMC4442608 DOI: 10.7326/m13-2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 396] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trends in the prevalence and control of diabetes defined by hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are important for health care policy and planning. OBJECTIVE To update trends in the prevalence of diabetes, prediabetes, and glycemic control. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING NHANES (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) in 1988-1994 and 1999-2010. PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 20 years or older. MEASUREMENTS We used calibrated HbA1c levels to define undiagnosed diabetes (≥6.5%); prediabetes (5.7% to 6.4%); and, among persons with diagnosed diabetes, glycemic control (<7.0% or <8.0%). Trends in HbA1c categories were compared with fasting glucose levels (≥7.0 mmol/L [≥126 mg/dL] and 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L [100 to 125 mg/dL]). RESULTS In 2010, approximately 21 million U.S. adults aged 20 years or older had total confirmed diabetes (self-reported diabetes or diagnostic levels for both fasting glucose and calibrated HbA1c). During 2 decades, the prevalence of total confirmed diabetes increased, but the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes remained fairly stable, reducing the proportion of total diabetes cases that are undiagnosed to 11% in 2005-2010. The prevalence of prediabetes was lower when defined by calibrated HbA1c levels than when defined by fasting glucose levels but has increased from 5.8% in 1988-1994 to 12.4% in 2005-2010 when defined by HbA1c levels. Glycemic control improved overall, but total diabetes prevalence was greater and diabetes was less controlled among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans compared with non-Hispanic whites. LIMITATION Cross-sectional design. CONCLUSION Over the past 2 decades, the prevalence of total diabetes has increased substantially. However, the proportion of undiagnosed diabetes cases decreased, suggesting improvements in screening and diagnosis. Among the growing number of persons with diagnosed diabetes, glycemic control improved but remains a challenge, particularly among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE National Institutes of Health.
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Stanton RC. Clinical challenges in diagnosis and management of diabetic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 63:S3-21. [PMID: 24461728 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2013.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major and increasing worldwide public health issue. There is a great need for implementing treatments that either prevent or significantly slow the progression of DKD. Although there have been significant improvements in management, the increasing numbers of patients with DKD illustrate that current management is not wholly adequate. The reasons for suboptimal management include the lack of early diagnosis, lack of aggressive interventions, and lack of understanding about which interventions are most successful. There are a number of challenges and controversies regarding the current management of patients with DKD. Understanding of these issues is needed in order to provide the best care to patients with DKD. This article describes some of the clinically important challenges associated with DKD: the current epidemiology and cost burden and the role of biopsy in the diagnosis of DKD. Treatment controversies regarding current pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic approaches are reviewed and recommendations based on the published literature are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Stanton
- Kidney and Hypertension Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA.
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Greene JP, Lefebvre SL, Wang M, Yang M, Lund EM, Polzin DJ. Risk factors associated with the development of chronic kidney disease in cats evaluated at primary care veterinary hospitals. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2014; 244:320-7. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.244.3.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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