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Fakheri Sueini V, Parsa Nahad M, Talaeizadeh A, Moradi M, Alborzi A, Pirmoradi R, Lak E, Makvandi M. Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus Markers among the Women with Breast Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:547-553. [PMID: 38415541 PMCID: PMC11077112 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast cancer represents a formidable peril to the female populace on a worldwide level. The association between breast cancer and various factors, including viral infections, has been extensively investigated. Recently, the link between HBV infection and breast cancer patients has garnered attention. The present research aims to assess the prevalence of HBV markers among women diagnosed with breast cancer in Ahvaz city, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serum specimens were procured from 90 patients who had been clinically diagnosed with breast cancer. The age of the patients ranged from 29 to 80 years, with a mean age of 49.42±10.7. Histological examination of biopsy specimens revealed that 75 (83.33%) were ductal, 11 (8.88%) lobular, 2 (2.22%) mucinous, 1 (1.11%) medullary, and 1 (1.11%) was metastatic. The serum samples were subjected to initial HBsAg and anti-HBc testing via ELISA. Samples that tested seropositive (HBsAg + anti-HBc) were subsequently analyzed for the S region of HBV through nested PCR and DNA sequencing. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed for positive HBV DNA tests. RESULTS Among the 5/90 (5.55%) cancer patients, it was found that 3 (3.33%) cases of ductal carcinoma and one (1.11%) lobular carcinoma displayed positivity for HBV markers (HBsAg, anti-HBc, HBV PCR). Notably, one (1.11%) patient with ductal carcinoma solely demonstrated anti-HBc positivity. The phylogenetic tree analysis of the S region revealed that all HBV strains identified were categorized as genotype D. CONCLUSION The statistical analysis did not reveal any significant findings (p= 0.315) in the distribution of cancer types across different age groups. Among patients diagnosed with breast cancer, a notable prevalence of 5.5% was observed in HBV markers. The dominant HBV genotype among breast cancer patients was identified as genotype D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venus Fakheri Sueini
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Parsa Nahad
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Abdolhasan Talaeizadeh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Maryam Moradi
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Amirmohamad Alborzi
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Roya Pirmoradi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
| | - Elena Lak
- Alimentary Tract Research Center, Clinical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | - Manoochehr Makvandi
- Cancer Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
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Camara M, Tantuoyir MM, SeyedAlinaghi S, Ghiasvand F, Ahmadinejad Z. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the Gambian population: A narrative review of recent developments. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102401. [PMID: 37719791 PMCID: PMC10500481 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B is a "silent epidemic", fifty to a hundred (50-100) times more infectious than HIV, a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV can cause acute and chronic infection and subsequently results in a high risk of death from cirrhosis and liver cancer. Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine, HBV continues to be a global burden including in The Gambia. This study reviewed the recent trends in the epidemiological characteristics of HBV in the Gambia. The researchers conducted an online literature search for primary studies on HBV prevalence published in the past two decades from Jan 1992 to Feb 2022 inclusive on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. All retrieved studies were assessed for eligibility according to specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, data completeness, and methodological coherence. We found that HBV infection prevalence is above 8% in The Gambia. Moreover, HBV is the most common cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Gambia. Liver cirrhosis and HCC have the highest mortality contribution among hepatitis patients, with occult HBV carriers as major culprits. Also, vaccination coverage has declined from 91% to 88% according to reports from current literature. To achieve the WHO goal of eliminating HBV by 2030, policies targeting infection transmission control among risk groups, community awareness programs, research, price reduction of drugs, mass vaccinations, and diagnostics should be urgently instituted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Camara
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital, Banjul, the Gambia
| | - Marcarious M. Tantuoyir
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi
- Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High-Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghiasvand
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ahmadinejad
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Rzymski P, Zarębska-Michaluk D, Flisiak R. Could chronic HBV infection explain Beethoven's hearing loss? Implications for patients currently living with hepatitis B. J Infect 2023; 87:171-176. [PMID: 37302659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The cause of Ludwig van Beethoven's health deterioration, i.e., hearing loss and cirrhosis, have been subject to various studies. The genomic analysis of his hair indicates infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) at least 6 months prior to death. However, considering his first documented case of jaundice in the summer of 1821, second jaundice months prior to his death, and increased risk of hearing loss in HBV-infected patients, we offer an alternative hypothesis of chronic HBV infection as a cause of deafness and cirrhosis. According to it, HBV was acquired early, progressed from immune-tolerant to an immune-reactive phase, and triggered Beethoven's hearing issues when aged 28. Later, HBV infection entered the non-replication phase with at least two episodes of reactivation in the fifth decade of life accompanied by jaundice. More studies examining hearing loss in patients with chronic HBV infection are encouraged to better understand their potential otologic needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Rzymski
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznań, Poland.
| | - Dorota Zarębska-Michaluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-317 Kielce, Poland
| | - Robert Flisiak
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University of Białystok, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Shahabi A. High Prevalence of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection among Iranian Hemodialysis Patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 108:1017-1024. [PMID: 36913930 PMCID: PMC10160909 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the potential risks associated with occult hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, this study was designed to investigate the magnitude and genotypic pattern of occult HBV infection among hemodialysis patients. All patients on regular hemodialysis attending the dialysis centers located in southern Iran and 277 nonhemodialysis controls were invited to participate in this study. Serum samples were tested for detection of hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) by competitive enzyme immunoassay and sandwich ELISA, respectively. The molecular evaluation of HBV infection was conducted by two nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, targeting S, X, and precore regions of HBV genome, and sequencing by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology. Moreover, HBV viremic samples were tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection by HCV Ab ELISA and seminested reverse transcriptase PCR. Of 279 hemodialysis patients, five (1.8%) were positive for HBsAg, 66 (23.7%) were positive for HBcAb, and 32 (11.5%) had HBV viremia with HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. Moreover, 90.6% of the hemodialysis patients with HBV viremia had occult HBV infection. Hemodialysis patients (11.5%) had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia than nonhemodialysis controls (1.08%; P = 0.0001). The prevalence of HBV viremia among hemodialysis patients was not statistically associated with duration of hemodialysis, age and gender distribution. In contrast, HBV viremia was significantly associated with place of residency and ethnicity, with residents of Dashtestan and Arab having had significantly higher prevalence of HBV viremia compared with the residents of other cities and Fars patients. Notably, 27.6% and 6.9% of hemodialysis patients infected with occult HBV infection were also positive for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV viremia, respectively. High prevalence of occult HBV infection was detected in hemodialysis patients, whereas 62% of patients with occult HBV infection were negative for HBcAb. Therefore, screening of all hemodialysis patients by sensitive molecular tests, regardless of the pattern of HBV serological markers, is recommended to increase the diagnosis rate of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Athar Shahabi
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Farshadpour F, Taherkhani R, Farajzadeh H. Hepatitis B infection among β-thalassemia major patients in Bushehr province of southern Iran. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2023; 44:147-161. [PMID: 36587831 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2163178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the prevalence, genotype distribution and risk factors of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among β-thalassemia patients. ELISA was used to detect HBsAg and HBcAb. Molecular evaluation of HBV infection was performed by nested PCR, targeting S, X and pre-C regions of the genome, and sequencing. Of 126 thalassemia patients, 4 cases (3.17%) were positive for HBsAg, 23 cases (18.25%) were positive for HBcAb, and 6 cases (4.76%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. HBV prevalence among thalassemia patients was not statistically associated with gender distribution, place of residency, marital status and frequency of blood transfusion. HBsAg seroprevalence was significantly higher in Afghan immigrants and patients with ALT levels of 41-80 IU/L. The prevalence of HBV viremia was significantly higher among thalassemia patients aged >20 years compared to the patients aged <20 years. Moreover, 1.59% of thalassemia patients had seropositive occult HBV infection, which was positive for HBV-DNA and HBcAb but negative for HBsAg. Considering the relatively high prevalence of occult HBV infection among thalassemia patients, there is a possibility of their contamination through donated blood. Therefore, screening of donated blood based on detection of HBsAg cannot abolish HBV transmission through blood transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Farshadpour
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Hossein Farajzadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Occult Hepatitis B Infection among Hemodialysis in Tabriz, Northwest of Iran: Prevalence and Mutations within the S Region. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 2022:3838857. [PMID: 35800327 PMCID: PMC9256460 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3838857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Regardless of the extensive screening for the detection of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hemodialysis (HD) patients are still severely at the risk of occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI), especially in developing countries. OBI is defined as the presence of HBV DNA with undetectable HBsAg in the liver and/or Serum. This study aims to determine the prevalence of OBI in HD patients in Tabriz Province, northwest of Iran, and inquire about the mutations in the detected HBsAg. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, ELISA method assessed serum and plasma samples of 118 HBsAg-negative patients undergoing HD treatment for HBV serological markers (HBsAg and Anti-HBc). Specific primers by nested polymerase chain reaction have been utilized to examine HBV DNA; also, direct sequencing of surface genes was carried out to characterize the viral genotypes and S gene mutations. Finally, followed by real-time PCR, the quantity of viral load in OBI-positive patients was determined. A total of 118 HD patients were included (63.6% were male and 36.4% female), with an overall mean age of 60.8 ± 12.8 years old. The prevalence of antihepatitis B core antibody (Anti-HBc) in the study population was 26.3% (31/118). Five patients (4.2%) were positive for HBV DNA and labeled OBI-positive; their plasma HBV-DNA load was less than 100 IU/ml. Following the phylogenetic analysis, the samples with OBI roughly belonged to genotype D, subtype ayw2 and only two had mutations within the S ’gene’s major hydrophilic region (MHR), including T123I, C124F, and P127T. This study reports the prevalence of OBI in the HBsAg-negative HD patients being at a rate of 4.2%, which can be a clinically vital consideration in this region. HBV serologic screening approaches need to be renewed to cover nucleic acid testing in the setting of hemodialysis and all the other high-risk groups associated with it (i.e., blood and organ donors).
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Prevalence, genotype distribution and mutations of hepatitis B virus and the associated risk factors among pregnant women residing in the northern shores of Persian Gulf, Iran. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265063. [PMID: 35271684 PMCID: PMC8912131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering perinatal transmission and the high rate of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in infants, diagnosis of HBV infection during pregnancy and timely interventions are of great importance. Therefore, this study was performed to investigate the prevalence and genotype distribution of HBV infection and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in the northern shores of the Persian Gulf, South of Iran. Methods Serum samples of 1425 pregnant women were tested for the presence of HBsAg and HBcAb by ELISA (HBsAg one—Version ULTRA and HBc Ab ELISA kits, DIA.PRO, Milan, Italy). The seropositive samples were tested for the presence of HBV DNA by nested PCR, targeting S, X, pre-core (pre-C), and basal core promoter (BCP) regions of the HBV genome. The amplified fragments were sequenced by Sanger dideoxy sequencing technology to evaluate the genotype distribution and mutations of HBV infection by using the MEGA 7 software. The HBV seropositive pregnant women were tested for HCV and HIV coinfections by ELISA (HCV Ab and HIV Ab/Ag ELISA kits, DIA.PRO, Milan, Italy). Results Of 1425 participants, 15 pregnant women (1.05%, 95% CI: 0.64%-1.73%) were positive for HBsAg, 41 women (2.88%, 95% CI: 2.10%-3.88%) were positive for HBcAb, and 5 women (0.35%, 95% CI: 0.15% –0.82%) had HBV viremia with genotype D, sub-genotype D3 and subtype ayw2. One of the viremic samples was positive for HBcAb but negative for HBsAg, which is indicative of an occult HBV infection. HBsAg seroprevalence was higher among pregnant women aged 20 to 29 years, women in the third trimester of pregnancy, residents of Khormuj city, Afghan immigrants, illiterate women, and pregnant women with a history of tattoo and HBV vaccination. The highest rate of HBcAb seroprevalence was observed in residents of Borazjan city, Turk ethnicity, the age group >39 years, and those women with more parities and a history of abortion. Nevertheless, HBV seroprevalence among pregnant women was not statistically associated with these variables. In contrast, HBcAb seropositivity was significantly associated with the history of tattoo (P = 0.018). According to mutations analyses, seven amino acid substitutions in the HBsAg, one point mutation in the pre-C region, and five points mutations in the BCP region were detected. Besides, the BCP mutations caused amino acid substitutions in the X protein. Of note, the conversion of Ala → Val at amino acid 168 (A168V) and Thr → Pro at amino acid 127 (T127P) were detected in HBsAg of the occult HBV strain. Conclusion These results indicate a relatively low prevalence of HBV infection among pregnant women in the South of Iran, while tattooing is a risk factor for exposure to HBV infection. Moreover, all of the HBV-positive pregnant women were asymptomatic and unaware of their infection. Therefore, routine screening for HBV markers during pregnancy, appropriate treatment of HBV-infected women, and HBV vaccination are recommended to decrease mother-to-child transmission of HBV.
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Athamneh RY, Arıkan A, Sayan M, Mahafzah A, Sallam M. Variable Proportions of Phylogenetic Clustering and Low Levels of Antiviral Drug Resistance among the Major HBV Sub-Genotypes in the Middle East and North Africa. Pathogens 2021; 10:1333. [PMID: 34684283 PMCID: PMC8540944 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health threat in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Phylogenetic analysis of HBV can be helpful to study the putative transmission links and patterns of inter-country spread of the virus. The objectives of the current study were to analyze the HBV genotype/sub-genotype (SGT) distribution, reverse transcriptase (RT), and surface (S) gene mutations and to investigate the domestic transmission of HBV in the MENA. All HBV molecular sequences collected in the MENA were retrieved from GenBank as of 30 April 2021. Determination of genotypes/SGT, RT, and S mutations were based on the Geno2pheno (hbv) 2.0 online tool. For the most prevalent HBV SGTs, maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify the putative phylogenetic clusters, with approximate Shimodaira-Hasegawa-like likelihood ratio test values ≥ 0.90, and genetic distance cut-off values ≤ 0.025 substitutions/site as implemented in Cluster Picker. The total number of HBV sequences used for genotype/SGT determination was 4352 that represented a total of 20 MENA countries, with a majority from Iran (n = 2103, 48.3%), Saudi Arabia (n = 503, 11.6%), Tunisia (n = 395, 9.1%), and Turkey (n = 267, 6.1%). Genotype D dominated infections in the MENA (86.6%), followed by genotype A (4.1%), with SGT D1 as the most common in 14 MENA countries and SGT D7 dominance in the Maghreb. The highest prevalence of antiviral drug resistance was observed against lamivudine (4.5%) and telbivudine (4.3%). The proportion of domestic phylogenetic clustering was the highest for SGT D7 (61.9%), followed by SGT D2 (28.2%) and genotype E (25.7%). The largest fraction of domestic clusters with evidence of inter-country spread within the MENA was seen in SGT D7 (81.3%). Small networks (containing 3-14 sequences) dominated among domestic phylogenetic clusters. Specific patterns of HBV genetic diversity were seen in the MENA with SGT D1 dominance in the Levant, Iran, and Turkey; SGT D7 dominance in the Maghreb; and extensive diversity in Saudi Arabia and Egypt. A low prevalence of lamivudine, telbivudine, and entecavir drug resistance was observed in the region, with almost an absence of resistance to tenofovir and adefovir. Variable proportions of phylogenetic clustering indicated prominent domestic transmission of SGT D7 (particularly in the Maghreb) and relatively high levels of virus mobility in SGT D1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabaa Y. Athamneh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ayşe Arıkan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus; (R.Y.A.); (A.A.)
- DESAM, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
| | - Murat Sayan
- DESAM, Near East University, Nicosia 99138, Cyprus;
- Clinical Laboratory, PCR Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, İzmit 41380, Turkey
| | - Azmi Mahafzah
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Malik Sallam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, the University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
- Department of Clinical Laboratories and Forensic Medicine, Jordan University Hospital, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, 22184 Malmö, Sweden
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Husseini AA, Islam Saeed KM, Yurdcu E, Bozdayı AM. Molecular epidemiology of Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus, and Hepatitis D virus in general population of Afghanistan. TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2020; 31:658-666. [PMID: 33090103 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2020.19169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS This study gives a clue about genotypes, subgenotypes and subtypes of HBV, HCV and HDV viruses in general population of Afghanistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 234 HBsAg, 44 anti-HCV and 5 Anti-Delta positive patients belong to 25-70 age group were obtained through a rapid screening test among 5898 residents of Afghanistan. After quantifying viral load, genotyping of 61 HBV, 29 HCV and 1 HDV samples were accomplished by sequencing of a segment of the HBV Pre S, HCV NS5B, and HDV Delta antigen regions respectively. Clinically important variants of the HBV polymerase gene, the "a" determinant of HBsAg, HCV NS5B and NS3 regions were assessed. RESULTS All HBV isolates were dispersed throughout the genotype D branch and ayw2 was the only subtypes found. The anti-HDV prevalence among HBsAg positive individuals was 2.2% and the single HDV sample, belonged to HDV genotype I. Analysis of HCV isolates revealed subtype HCV-1b in 75.86%, HCV-3a in 20.69% and HCV-3b in 3.44% patients. The observed mutant variants in the MHR of HBsAg were Y100 15%, Q101 5%, G102 15%, T115 45%, P120 5%, T131 5%. Likewise, S213T 10%, Q215P 5% and N248H 100% mutations were detected in the HBV polymerase region. C316N mutation was prevalent in 72.7% of HCV 1b participants. CONCLUSION Genotypic variation in Afghan patients is in line with the ones existing in neighboring countries and regions. HBV genotypes D1, subtype ayw2, HDV RNA type I, and HCV RNA genotype 1b are likely to be dominant in Afghan patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Ali Husseini
- Institute of Hepatology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Khwaja Mir Islam Saeed
- Grant and Service Contract Management Unit (GCMU), Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Esra Yurdcu
- Institute of Hepatology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Mithat Bozdayı
- Institute of Hepatology, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Behzadi MA, Leyva-Grado VH, Namayandeh M, Ziyaeyan A, Feyznezhad R, Dorzaban H, Jamalidoust M, Ziyaeyan M. Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis A, B, C, D and E viruses in the Hormozgan province southern Iran. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:1027. [PMID: 31795979 PMCID: PMC6889522 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4661-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Viral hepatitis is a global public health problem affecting millions of people worldwide, causing thousands of deaths due to acute and persistent infection, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Providing updated serologic data can improve both surveillance and disease control programs. This study is aimed to determine the seroprevalence of markers for viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E) and the epidemiology of such infections in the general population of southern Iran's Hormozgan province. METHODS Between 2016 and 2017, a total of 562 individuals with ages ranging from 1 to 86 years, who visited governmental public laboratories for routine check-ups, were tested for the presence of serological markers to hepatitis virus types A to E using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS The overall anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibody seroprevalence was 93.2% (524/562). The prevalence of anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) antibodies was 15.8% (89/562) among which 1.6% (9/562) of the seropositive individuals also had evidence of recent exposure to the virus (IgM positivity). Two and a half percent (14/562) were positive for hepatitis B surface (HBs) antigen, whereas 11.6% (65/562) tested positive for anti-hepatitis B core (HBc) antibodies. Among anti-HBc positive patients, 11% (7/65) had HBs Ag and 5% (3/65) were positive for anti-hepatitis D virus (HDV) antibodies. The prevalence of anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies was 0.7% (4/562). The seroprevalence of anti-HAV, HEV IgG, anti-HBc antibodies, and HBs Ag increased with age. CONCLUSION The present study confirms a high seroprevalence of HAV infection among the examined population and reveals high levels of endemicity for HEV in the region. Planned vaccination policies against HAV should be considered in all parts of Iran. In addition, improvements on public sanitation and hygiene management of drinking water sources for the studied area are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mandana Namayandeh
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atoosa Ziyaeyan
- Life Science student, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roya Feyznezhad
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hedayat Dorzaban
- Hormozgan Health Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jamalidoust
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazyar Ziyaeyan
- Department of Clinical Virology, Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz, Iran.
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Javanmard D, Namaei MH, Farahmand M, Ziaee A, Amini E, Ziaee M. Molecular and serological characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection among patients with hemophilia. J Med Virol 2019; 91:1519-1527. [PMID: 30908666 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) is a health concern among high-risk groups and immunosuppressed individuals. There is still a paucity of data regarding the occult hepatitis B virus infection among hemophilic patients. With this in mind, we aimed to evaluate the molecular prevalence of OBI among clients with hemophilia. METHODS Totally, 87 hemophilic patients were selected to be studied. To detect OBI, nested polymerase chain reaction test was used to amplify HBV-S, X, and Core regions. Viral load was determined using an in-house real-time PCR assay. Finally, sequence of S gene was used for genotyping and analysis of mutations. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 28.4 ± 5.3 years old, with 90.7% of whom were men. HBV-DNA was detected in eight subjects (9.3%). The rate of OBI was much higher in anti-HBs seronegative subjects than that in other patients (P = 0.019). All OBI cases had HBV genotype D, subgenotype D1. In addition, five out of eight cases (62.5%) showed detectable viral loads (a mean viral load of 4.5 × 10 2 copies/mL). sR73H, sI110L, sP120A, sP127T, sQ129H, sG130R, and sC137S were shown to be the most determinant escape mutation and OBI-relevant mutants. CONCLUSION The rate of OBI among the studied population of hemophilia seems to be remarkable. Therefore, screening for OBI must be a routine practice in patients with hemophilia and also patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatments. Amino acid substitutions were observed in the major hydrophilic region. However further investigations are needed for analysis of exact function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davod Javanmard
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Virology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hasan Namaei
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Ziaee
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Amini
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Masood Ziaee
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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12
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Liu T, Tian L, Fu X, Wei L, Li J, Wang T. Saffron inhibits the proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma via inducing cell apoptosis. Panminerva Med 2019; 62:7-12. [PMID: 30657284 DOI: 10.23736/s0031-0808.18.03561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cancer remains the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of saffron on liver cancer cell line QGY-7703 and the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS Cell growth was detected by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and cell cycle was assessed by flow cytometry. Besides, cell apoptosis was analyzed by Annexin V/PI (Propidium Iodide) staining, and the senescent cells morphology staining of β-galactosidase was evaluated by microscopy. In addition, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) Kit was used to assess the activity of telomerase. Moreover, reverse transcription-PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot analysis was applied to detect mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. RESULTS Saffron treatment in QGY-7703 cells could significantly inhibit cell growth, arrest cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase, and induce cell apoptosis. Besides, the treatment of saffron could obviously decrease telomerase activity and hTERT level in QGY-7703 cells. In addition, enhanced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and increased expression of P21 were found in saffron-treated cells. Moreover, we found that the number of senescent cells increased dramatically and the morphology of cells changed obviously after saffron treatment. CONCLUSIONS Saffron administration may provide some experimental evidence for the inhibitory effect of saffron on the proliferation of QGY-7703 cells, suggesting that saffron may have potential utility for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy of Traditional Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Li Tian
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wulian County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Rizhao, China
| | - Lili Wei
- Preventive Vaccination Clinics, the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, the People's Hospital of Zhangqiu Area, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, China -
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13
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Hashemi SMA, Sarvari J, Fattahi MR, Dowran R, Ramezani A, Hosseini SY. Comparison of ISG15, IL28B and USP18 mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of chronic hepatitis B virus infected patients and healthy individuals. GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY FROM BED TO BENCH 2019; 12:38-45. [PMID: 30949318 PMCID: PMC6441482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression level of Interferon-stimulated Gene 15 (ISG15), Interleukin28B (IL28B) or IFN-lambda-3 and Ubiquitin specific peptidase 18 (USP18) genes in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of patients with chronic active and inactive hepatitis B in comparison with healthy individuals. BACKGROUND Despite the presence of the vaccine for hepatitis B virus (HBV), it remains a public health challenge. The effort to uncover the immune genes attributed to infection outcome is going through. METHODS This Cross-sectional study was conducted on hepatitis B infected patients that were admitted to the Clinic of Liver diseases, Shiraz, January-November 2016. Patients were divided into two groups including active and inactive chronic regarding relevant World Gastroenterology Organization Global Guideline. They were mono-infected with HBV, and HCV or HIV co-infection was excluded from the study. Gene expression analysis was performed on fresh PBMCs samples with the help of Real-time PCR method. RESULTS Interleukin 28B gene expression showed no statistically significant difference between the three studied groups (P>0.05). The expression level of ISG15 was significantly higher in the healthy control group compared to active (P= 0.0068) and inactive chronic subjects (P<0.0001). Similarly, USP18 expression level in the control group was also significantly higher compared to the active (P= 0.0228) and inactive chronic patients (P=0. 0226). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the expression level of ISG15 and USP18 but not IL28B were higher in healthy individuals than in those infected with HBV. This difference expression may highlight the role of ISG15 and USP18 in the immune-related mechanism of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razieh Dowran
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Younes Hosseini
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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14
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Nodeh MM, Mosavat A, Valizadeh N, Zadeh AM, Boskabadi A, Mashkani B, Sima H, Rafatpanah H. Genotype characteristic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis B virus in northeast-Iran. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2018; 59:148-154. [PMID: 29425854 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is considered as a worldwide health problem and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the major health concerns which are annually responsible for more than one million deaths. HBV can be classified into at least eight genotypes, A-H and four major subtypes. Predominant HBV genotype in Mediterranean and Middle East countries is genotype D, but there is a few studies have been performed on the HBV genotype in Iran. The genotype characteristic and phylogenetic analyses were determined in chronic HBV patients in the northeast of Iran. First, seventy-eight patients with chronic HBV infection were enrolled. Demographic features were reviewed and sera samples were collected. HBV genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method, and results were confirmed by sequencing. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was obtained using Geneious software. Sixty-two (79.48%) of patients were males (mean age: 36.82 years). Twelve out of 78 patients (15.4%) were hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg)-reactive. There were no significant differences between the clinical and HBeAg-positive serological data and HBeAb positive individuals. RFLP DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that genotype D was the only genotype which observed in Mashhad, northeast of Iran. This is the first report of HBV genotyping in Mashhad. The results revealed that genotype D was the only genotype detected in this area which was consistence with previous studies in the Middle East, Mediterranean countries, southwest and center of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Moeini Nodeh
- Hematology and Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arman Mosavat
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Razavi Khorasan, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Narges Valizadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Boskabadi
- Neonatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Baratali Mashkani
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Sima
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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Ansari MHK, Rasmi Y, Abbasi L. Hepatitis B virus Genotypes in West Azarbayjan Province, Northwest Iran. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:875-879. [PMID: 29362612 PMCID: PMC5771288 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Infections caused by Hepatitis B are one of the world health’s most serious problems. According to assessments, nearly 500,000 to 1.2 million people die each year due to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B is one of the diseases which can be transferred through blood and its products. Clinical importance of genotypes of hepatitis B virus and their relations with mutations are well known. AIM: Since epidemiological data resulting from determining genotypes and sub-genotypes of hepatitis B can help a lot in defining a vaccination plan, antiretroviral therapy, detection and prevention of diseases, genotypes of this virus in hepatitis B patients were evaluated in West Azarbaijan province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, serum samples of 100 hepatitis B patients (70 male/30 female) were taken randomly from Urmia University of Medical Sciences (UMSU) referrals, Urmia, Iran; and were tested positive for the presence of surface antigens of hepatitis B virus (HBsAg) using ELISA method. In the first method, after extracting the DNA of the virus, sequencing of S genes was carried out using Sanger method, and the sequences were aligned and edited using Bioedit software. In the next step, phylogenic analysis of the sequences was done in comparison with the reference sequences which were extracted from a gene bank, utilising Neighbour-joining assay method with CLUSTRAL W software. To ensure genotyping accuracy, the samples were tested once more, using Nested PCR method. RESULTS: The results were consistent with the sequence method and the dominant genotype in patients suffering hepatitis was type D. In other words, Iranian’s HBV genotypic types are homogeneous and in close coordination with each other. CONCLUSIONS: The results reveal that D genotype is the main genotype of HBV in West Azarbayjan province, northwest Iran. Presence of this genotype was in conformity conformed withto the low rate of acute liver diseases caused by hepatitis B chronic infection, cirrhosis of the liver and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Laya Abbasi
- Department of Microbiology, Azad Islamic University-Urmia Branch, Urmia, Iran
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16
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Keshavarz K, Kebriaeezadeh A, Alavian SM, Akbari Sari A, Rezaei Hemami M, Lotfi F, Hashemi Meshkini A, Javanbakht M, Keshvari M, Nikfar S. A Cost-Utility and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Different Oral Antiviral Medications in Patients With HBeAg-Negative Chronic Hepatitis B in Iran: An Economic Microsimulation Decision Model. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e37435. [PMID: 27822262 PMCID: PMC5091008 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.37435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although hepatitis B infection is the major cause of chronic liver disease in Iran, no studies have employed economic evaluations of the medications used to treat Iranian patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Therefore, the cost-effectiveness of the different treatment options for this disease in Iran is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to compare the cost utility and cost-effectiveness of medication strategies tailored to local conditions in patients with HB e antigen (HBeAg)-negative CHB infection in Iran. METHODS An economic evaluation of the cost utility of the following five oral medication strategies was conducted: adefovir (ADV), lamivudine (LAM), ADV + LAM, entecavir (ETV), and tenofovir (TDF). A Markov microsimulation model was used to estimate the clinical and economic outcomes over the course of the patient's lifetime and based on a societal perspective. Medical and nonmedical direct costs and indirect costs were included in the study and life-years gained (LYG) and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) were determined as measures of effectiveness. The results are presented in terms of the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per QALY or LYG. The model consisted of nine stages of the disease. The transition probabilities for the movement between the different stages were based on clinical evidence and international expert opinion. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) was used to measure the effects of uncertainty in the model parameters. RESULTS The results revealed that the TDF treatment strategy was more effective and less costly than the other options. In addition, TDF had the highest QALY and LYG in the HBeAg-negative CHB patients, with 13.58 and 21.26 (discounted) in all comparisons. The PSA proved the robustness of the model results. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curves showed that TDF was the most cost-effective treatment in 59% - 78% of the simulations of HBeAg-negative patients, with WTP thresholds less than $14010 (maximum WTP per QALY). CONCLUSIONS The use of TDF in patients with HBeAg-negative CHB seemed to be a highly cost-effective strategy. Compared with the other available medication options, TDF was the most cost-saving strategy. Thus, TDF may be the best option as a first-line medication. Patients can also be switched from other medications to TDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosro Keshavarz
- Health Human Resource Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Abbas Kebriaeezadeh
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Baqiyatallah Research Center for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Akbari Sari
- Department of Health Management and Economics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohsen Rezaei Hemami
- Institute of Health & Wellbeing, Health Economics & Health Technology Assessment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Farhad Lotfi
- Health Human Resource Research Center, School of Management and Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Amir Hashemi Meshkini
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mehdi Javanbakht
- Health Economics Research Unit, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Shekoufeh Nikfar
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Shekoufeh Nikfar, Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-09123271200, Fax: +98-2188611883, E-mail:
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17
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Khairkhah T, Shamsa A, Roohi A, Khoshnoodi J, Vand-Rajabpour F, Tabrizi M, Zarei S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Shokri F. Analysis of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Seromarkers Among Barbers in Tehran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e39416. [PMID: 27822265 PMCID: PMC5090804 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.39416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major health problem in the world. Hairdressers (barbers) are in continuous contact with scissors and blades, and are considered a high-risk group for these infections. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections in barbers in Tehran and to evaluate their attitudes and knowledge about the occupational risk of these infections. METHODS Six hundred eleven barbers were included in this study. A group of 556 bakers were also selected from the same regions, as a low-risk control group. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBsAg-specific antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B core antigen-specific antibody (HBcAb), and hepatitis C virus-specific (anti-HCV) antibody markers were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting of four sections: demographic information, awareness, behavior, and personal attitudes. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the frequency of HBsAg between the two groups. However, the frequency of HCV Ab in barbers was significantly higher than that in bakers (P < 0.005). In addition, the frequency of HBsAb marker in barbers was significantly correlated with increased awareness (P < 0.05) and number of tattoos (P < 0.001). HBcAb marker was significantly correlated with age (P < 0.001) and duration of professional career (P < 0.005). With age, barbers' attitudes improved significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Being a barber alone is not a potential risk factor for HBV infection, while HCV infection is still an occupational health hazards for barbers. We suggest more extensive case-control studies with regard to rates of hepatitis B and C markers among barbers in other Iranian cities to assess the incidence of hepatitis B and C infections among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Khairkhah
- East Health Center, Deputy of Health Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ayat Shamsa
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Jalal Khoshnoodi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Mina Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Zarei
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Fazel Shokri, Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122432020, Fax: +98-2122432021, E-mail:
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18
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Ziaee M, Javanmard D, Sharifzadeh G, Hasan Namaei M, Azarkar G. Genotyping and Mutation Pattern in the Overlapping MHR Region of HBV Isolates in Southern Khorasan, Eastern Iran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e37806. [PMID: 27882062 PMCID: PMC5111392 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.37806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus, with 8 known distinct genotypes, is one of the most serious health problems which results to liver injuries. The surface gene of Hepatitis B virus completely overlaps with the polymerase gene. Mutations in the RT gene result in changes in the overlapping hepatitis B surface antigen. OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to evaluate the genotypes and prevalence of mutations in a segment of S and RT gene in HBV isolates in Southern Khorasan, Iran. METHODS This was a population-based study comprising 5,235 randomized samples for HBV screening. A nested-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test was followed by direct sequencing, and the sequences blast with present sequences of NCBI database for genotyping. Alignment and phylogenic analysis was performed using MEGA-6 software, and mutation pattern of this segment was finally surveyed in Bioedit software. RESULTS The mean age was 39.07 ± 14.04 years, with 52.2% female and 47.8% male. All isolates belonged to HBV genotype D, sub-genotype D1. The most amino acid substitutions of surface protein were Q129H (34.42%) and A168V (8.2%), other escape mutants observed in this study were P127L/T, S117G, T125M, S143L, D144E and E164D. In the RT gene, Q149K was the most frequently identified amino acid substitution (9.83%), followed by L122F (8.19%), N118D/T (6.55%), L157M (4.91%), and H124Y (3.27%). CONCLUSIONS This finding represents an ongoing dominancy of HBV genotype D in Eastern Iran, corresponding to other parts of Iran. There were a lot of variations in the S gene leading to an escape mutation, some of which affected the corresponding area of the RT region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Ziaee
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
| | - Davod Javanmard
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Davod Javanmard, Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Ghafari Ave., Birjand, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-5632433004, E-mail:
| | | | | | - Ghodsiyeh Azarkar
- Hepatitis Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, IR Iran
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19
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Keshvari M, Alavian SM, Sharafi H. Comparison of Serum Hepatitis B Virus DNA and HBsAg Levels Between HBeAg-Negative and HBeAg-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B Patients. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2015; 8:e21444. [PMID: 25973160 PMCID: PMC4426187 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.21444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis B consists of different clinical phases. Laboratory and histological assessments can help differentiate the clinical phases of this disease and thus lead to better management. Objectives This study was conducted to determine laboratory and histological characteristics of HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Patients and Methods In this study, we evaluated 151 treatment naive chronic hepatitis B patients and grouped them according to their HBeAg status. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and HBsAg levels were measured, and liver function tests, and liver biopsy were performed for the study population. Results There was a significant difference in age, and HBV DNA and HBsAg levels between HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive groups yet there was no statistically significant difference in sex, liver function tests, grading and staging of liver biopsy between the groups. Hepatitis B virus DNA and HBsAg levels were correlated in both HBeAg-negative and HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. Conclusions We concluded that chronic hepatitis B patients had different HBV DNA and HBsAg levels according to their HBeAg status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Keshvari
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, IR Iran
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
- Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Seyed Moayed Alavian
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
- Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Heidar Sharafi
- Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran
- Iran Hepatitis Network, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Heidar Sharafi, Middle East Liver Diseases (MELD) Center, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2188945186, Fax: +98-2188945188, E-mail:
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20
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Mousavi T, Haghshenas MR, Rafiei A, Navaei RA, khah ZH. Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes Distribution with HBsAg Positive in the North of Iran (Mazandaran) During 2011-2014. Med Arch 2014; 68:376-80. [PMID: 25648402 PMCID: PMC4314167 DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.376-380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HBV infection is a major global health problem and ten genotypes (A to J) and multiples subtypes of HBV have been identified, and they show some distinct geographic distributions. The available data on HBV genotype in Iran are very heterogeneous and limited. Therefore in this study, we tried to identify the HBV genotypes by using polymerase chain reaction. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, HBV- positive serum samples of 122 patients with chronic hepatitis from 2011 to 2014 were studied. HBV-DNA was extracted from plasma samples using QIAamp(®) MiniElute(®) Virus Spin Kit (Qiagen). Plasma samples from HBsAg positive were confirmed the presence of HBV nucleic acid and determined the genotypes of HBV genome by PCR using the DNA PCR kit (Cinagene) with Taq-DNA polymerase enzyme and type of specific primers. All samples were examined in the virology laboratory of Sari Medical School. RESULTS The mean age of patients were 45 ± 25 (range, 20 to 70) year that 70 (57.37%) patients were male and 52 (42.62%) were female. The majority of HBV positive patients had a major surgery (44% patients) and then 32% patients followed by intra familial of hepatitis B virus infected and 11% of HBV positive patients had a history of blood transfusions. In this study, 91(74.59%) had genotype D, 7(5.73%) genotype B and 24(19.67%) genotype D and B. CONCLUSION This study indicates that the genotype D is the most frequent followed by the mixed genotypes D and B and genotype B in our region. Prevalence and incidence of HBV genotypes are with distributed among of areas and different genotypes may show different responses with antiviral therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahoora Mousavi
- Cell Molecular Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Corresponding Author: Mohammad Reza Haghshenas, E-mail:
| | - Alireza Rafiei
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran Universityof Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Reza Alizadeh Navaei
- Molecular and Cell-Biology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran
| | - Zahra Hosseini khah
- Molecular and Cell-Biology, Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences Sari, Iran
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Shi QQ, Zuo GW, Feng ZQ, Zhao LC, Luo L, You ZM, Li DY, Xia J, Li J, Chen DL. Effect of Trichostatin A on Anti HepG2 Liver Carcinoma Cells: Inhibition of HDAC Activity and Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:7849-55. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.18.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Bagheri-Jamebozorgi M, Keshavarz J, Nemati M, Mohammadi-Hossainabad S, Rezayati MT, Nejad-Ghaderi M, Jamalizadeh A, Shokri F, Jafarzadeh A. The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2014; 10:3731-6. [PMID: 25483689 PMCID: PMC4514033 DOI: 10.4161/hv.34393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine induces protective levels of antibody response (anti-HBs≥10 mIU/mL) in 90-99% of vaccinees. The levels of anti-HBs antibody decline after vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of anti-HBs antibodies and immunologic memory in healthy adults at 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant HB vaccine. Blood samples were collected from 300 adults at 20 years after primary HB vaccination and their sera were tested for anti-HBs antibody by ELISA technique. A single booster dose of HB vaccine was administered to a total of 138 subjects, whose anti-HBs antibody titer was <10 mIU/mL. The sera of subjects were re-tested for the anti-HBs antibody levels at 4 weeks after booster vaccination. At 20 years after primary vaccination 37.0% of participants had protective levels of antibody with geometric mean titer (GMT) of 55.44±77.01 mIU/mL. After booster vaccination, 97.1% of vaccinees developed protective levels of antibody and the GMT rose from 2.35±6.49 mIU/mL to 176.28±161.78 mIU/mL. 125/138 (90.6%) of re-vaccinated subjects also showed an anamnestic response to booster vaccination. At 20 years after primary vaccination with HB vaccine, low proportion of the subjects had protective levels of antibody. However, the majority of the re-vaccinated subjects developed protective levels of anti-HBs and showed an anamnestic response after booster vaccination. Additional follow-up studies are necessary to determine the duration of immunological memory.
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Key Words
- Anti-HBc antibody, antibody to HBcAg
- Anti-HBs antibody, antibody to HBsAg
- ELISA, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- EPI, Expanded Program on Immunization
- GMT, Geometric mean titer
- HB, Hepatitis B
- HBV, Hepatitis B virus
- HBcAg, Hepatitis B core antigen
- HBsAg, Hepatitis B surface antigen
- WHO, World Health Organization
- anamnestic response
- anti-HBs antibody
- hepatitis B vaccine
- mIU/mL, milli-international units per milliliter
- persistence
- protection
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Bagheri-Jamebozorgi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Jila Keshavarz
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Maryam Nemati
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad-Taghi Rezayati
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Nejad-Ghaderi
- Health Vice-Chancellor; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jamalizadeh
- Health Vice-Chancellor; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology; School of Public Health; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdollah Jafarzadeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences; Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Immunology; School of Medicine; Kerman University of Medical Sciences; Kerman, Iran
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