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Chiummo R, Zschiesche E, Capári B, Farkas R, Chiquet M, Rapti D, Postoli R, Audry A, Leschnik M. Field efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto ® chewable tablets) for preventing Babesia canis infection transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:252. [PMID: 37501160 PMCID: PMC10373369 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The isoxazoline fluralaner is effective for prevention of Babesia canis transmission from infected Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs for 84 days in a controlled environment. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluralaner chewable tablets for sustained prevention of B. canis infection of dogs in endemic areas under natural conditions. METHODS In Europe, privately owned, clinically healthy pet dogs were enrolled and randomized either to receive fluralaner at 25-56 mg/kg (Bravecto® chewable tablets) on days 0 and 84, or to remain untreated during the D. reticulatus season. Blood samples were collected to evaluate B. canis exposure: on days 0 and 21 (exposure before day 0), during the study and at the end of the tick season (dogs suspected of having become infected after day 0). Efficacy was determined by the percentage reduction in B. canis transmission risk based on the difference in B. canis-positive tests in fluralaner-treated dogs compared with untreated dogs. In addition, ticks collected at monthly intervals throughout the study were identified to species level and females tested for B. canis DNA. RESULTS A total of 152 dogs were enrolled in the study, although nine dogs were excluded because they tested positive for B. canis DNA or antibodies within 21 days after enrollment. During the study period, no fluralaner-treated dog became positive for B. canis, resulting in calculated efficacy of 100%. However, babesiosis infection was diagnosed in five untreated control dogs (Fisher's exact test, left-sided, P = 0.0312). Tick analyses revealed that one sample collected in Hungary was infected with B. canis. CONCLUSION Oral administration of Bravecto chewable tablets at the recommended dosage to dogs completely prevented B. canis transmission under field conditions in an endemic area for 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chiummo
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | | | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078 Hungary
| | - Mathieu Chiquet
- Artemis Animal Health, 7, rue du Clos Rouillé, Champtocé-sur-Loire, France
| | - Dhimitër Rapti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rezart Postoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Alain Audry
- Clinique Vétérinaire, 2c Route de Grayan, 33780 Soulac sur Mer, France
| | - Michael Leschnik
- University Clinic for Small Animals, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mencke N, Bäumer W, Fraatz K, Krebber R, Schneider M, Blazejak K. Plasma pharmacokinetics of tigolaner, emodepside, and praziquantel following topical administration of a combination product (Felpreva®) and of intravenous administration of the individual active ingredients in cats. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 4:100126. [PMID: 37456557 PMCID: PMC10344656 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Felpreva® for cats contains the new acaricidal/insecticidal active ingredient tigolaner in a fixed combination with the nematocidal and cestocidal compounds emodepside and praziquantel, respectively. The plasma pharmacokinetics of tigolaner, emodepside, and praziquantel were evaluated in clinically healthy cats following topical (spot-on) treatment as fixed combination Felpreva®. For the determination of bioavailability intravenous administration of single active ingredients was also performed. After a single topical administration of Felpreva® using the target dose volume of 0.148 ml/kg to cats, tigolaner reached mean peak concentrations of 1352 μg/l with a Tmax of 12 days and a mean half-life of 24 days. Simulation of repetitive topical administration every 91 days indicates only a low risk of accumulation after reaching steady state within two to three administrations. The volume of distribution calculated after intravenous dosing was 4 l/kg and plasma clearance was low with 0.005 l/h/kg. Overall plasma exposure was 1566 mg∗h/l after topical administration, providing an absolute bioavailability of 57%. Tigolaner was mainly cleared via the faeces (54% within 28 days), renal clearance was neglectable (< 0.5% within 28 days). Emodepside and praziquantel showed mean peak concentrations of 44 μg/l and 48 μg/l (reached after 1.5 days and 5 h, respectively). Overall plasma exposures were 20.6 and 3.69 mg∗h/l, respectively. The elimination half-life was 14.5 days for emodepside and 10 days for praziquantel after topical administration. After topical administration of Felpreva® using 2.5× and 5× dose multiples an almost proportional increase of plasma exposure was observed for all three active ingredients. With the addition of tigolaner, Felpreva® combines the established pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of emodepside and praziquantel contained in Profender® spot-on for cats with the favourable PK of tigolaner suitable for a 3-months protection against fleas and ticks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Mencke
- Vetoquinol, Department of Medical Marketing Parasitology, 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009 Paris, France
| | - Wolfgang Bäumer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristine Fraatz
- Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralph Krebber
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, 40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Marc Schneider
- Vetoquinol Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetic, Development, Lure, France
| | - Katrin Blazejak
- Vetoquinol, Department of Medical Marketing Parasitology, 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009 Paris, France
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Mencke N, Blazejak K, Petry G, Hamburg H, Ringeisen H, Knoppe TN, Viljoen A, Smith A, Spruill J. Immediate and long-term efficacy of Felpreva®, a new spot-on formulation containing tigolaner, emodepside and praziquantel, applied as a single application to cats artificially infested with the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2023; 3:100122. [PMID: 37441539 PMCID: PMC10333678 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Five studies (two dose determination, two dose confirmation, and one speed of flea kill study) were conducted to assess the immediate (therapeutic) efficacy and long-term persistent (preventive) efficacy of a single spot-on application containing the novel acaricide and insecticide tigolaner in combination with emodepside and praziquantel (Felpreva®, Vetoquinol S.A. Lure, France) applied to cats artificially infested with Ctenocephalides felis. Eight cats per group were randomly allocated to 0, 1×, 1.3× and 2× of the minimum dose (14.5 mg/kg body weight) of tigolaner (dose determination studies) or randomly allocated to 0 and 1× of the dosage (dose confirmation studies). Onset of efficacy was assessed in a speed of flea kill study on an existing flea infestation 8, 12 and 24 h after treatment and reassessed after monthly flea reinfestation until 13 weeks post-treatment. Efficacy was calculated according to the Abbott formula using arithmetic means. Efficacy was claimed when (i) control groups were adequately infested (flea retention ≥ 50%) at each time-point in the studies; (ii) flea counts in treated groups were significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than flea counts in control groups; and (iii) calculated efficacy was ≥ 90% (speed of flea kill study) and ≥ 95% (dose determination and dose confirmation studies). Tigolaner at 14.5 mg/kg body weight was 100% effective against fleas on Day 1 (immediate, therapeutic efficacy) in both, dose determination and dose confirmation studies. The long-term persistent efficacy in week 13 ranged between 96.3% and 100%. Fleas were rapidly killed within 12 h after treatment (100% flea reduction, immediate efficacy). New flea infestations were successfully prevented for 8 weeks (98.9-100% flea reduction) within 8 h after reinfestation, and at week 13 (96.3% flea reduction) within 24 h after reinfestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Mencke
- Vetoquinol S.A., 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009, Paris, France
| | - Katrin Blazejak
- Vetoquinol S.A., 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009, Paris, France
| | - Gabriele Petry
- Elanco Animal Health, Alfred Nobel Str. 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Hamburg
- Elanco Animal Health, Alfred Nobel Str. 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Ringeisen
- Elanco Animal Health, Alfred Nobel Str. 10, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | | | - Alta Viljoen
- Clinvet International (Pty) Ltd, PO Box 11186, 9321, Universitas, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ashley Smith
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
| | - Jennifer Spruill
- Elanco Animal Health, 2500 Innovation Way, Greenfield, IN, 46140, USA
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Cvejić D, Hellmann K, Petry G, Ringeisen H, Hamburg H, Farkas R, Blazejak K, Mencke N. Multicenter randomized, and blinded European field study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Felpreva®, a novel spot-on formulation containing emodepside, praziquantel and tigolaner, in treating cats naturally infested with fleas and/or ticks. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PARASITOLOGY & VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES 2022; 2:100099. [PMID: 35991085 PMCID: PMC9382417 DOI: 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2022.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present field study evaluated the safety and 3-month preventive efficacy of a novel spot-on endectocide containing emodepside 2.04% w/v, praziquantel 8.14% w/v and tigolaner 9.79% w/v (Felpreva®, Vetoquinol) when administered at the intended commercial dose of 0.15 ml/kg body weight to privately owned cats infested by fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) and/or ticks (Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes hexagonus, Rhipicephalus spp.). The efficacy of Felpreva® to reduce the clinical signs associated with flea allergy dermatitis was also evaluated. A total of 326 cats, i.e. 120 and 206 infested by ticks and fleas respectively, from 16 different sites located in Hungary and Portugal were included on Day 0 and allocated in two Groups at a ratio of 2:1 (T1:T2). Cats of T1 were treated with Felpreva®, while cats of T2 were dosed with a commercial Control Product (Bravecto®, MSD Animal Health) licensed for the same indications. Of the 120 tick-infested cats, 79 and 41 were treated with Felpreva® and Bravecto® respectively, while of the 206 flea-infested cats, 139 were treated with Felpreva® and 67 with Bravecto®. Cats were physically examined on Days 7, 28, 56, 75 and 90; when present, fleas and ticks were counted and collected. Efficacy evaluation was based on the mean percent reduction of live parasite counts for each of five visits versus the pre-treatment count. Percent reductions of live flea and tick counts over all post-baseline periods were 99.74% (T1) versus 98.56% (T2) and 97.50% (T1) versus 98.65% (T2), respectively. Non-inferiority for the Felpreva® compared with the Bravecto® treated group was statistically demonstrated for both fleas and ticks. Three adverse events were observed and considered unlikely related to the treatment. These results show that the new topical combination product Felpreva® is safe and highly efficacious in treating flea and tick infections in cats for at least three months (90 days) with a single administration. In 16 cats that were identified with flea allergy dermatitis, the clinical signs of flea allergy dermatitis improved following treatment in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejan Cvejić
- Klifovet GmbH, Geyerspergerstr. 27, 80689, München, Germany
| | - Klaus Hellmann
- Klifovet GmbH, Geyerspergerstr. 27, 80689, München, Germany
| | - Gabriele Petry
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH an Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Ringeisen
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH an Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Hannah Hamburg
- Bayer Animal Health GmbH an Elanco Animal Health Company, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Szent István University, István u. 2, Budapest, 1078, Hungary
| | - Katrin Blazejak
- Vetoquinol S.A., 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Mencke
- Vetoquinol S.A., 37 rue de la Victoire, 75009, Paris, France
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