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Chiummo R, Zschiesche E, Capári B, Farkas R, Chiquet M, Rapti D, Postoli R, Audry A, Leschnik M. Field efficacy of fluralaner (Bravecto ® chewable tablets) for preventing Babesia canis infection transmitted by Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:252. [PMID: 37501160 PMCID: PMC10373369 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05820-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The isoxazoline fluralaner is effective for prevention of Babesia canis transmission from infected Dermacentor reticulatus ticks to dogs for 84 days in a controlled environment. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of fluralaner chewable tablets for sustained prevention of B. canis infection of dogs in endemic areas under natural conditions. METHODS In Europe, privately owned, clinically healthy pet dogs were enrolled and randomized either to receive fluralaner at 25-56 mg/kg (Bravecto® chewable tablets) on days 0 and 84, or to remain untreated during the D. reticulatus season. Blood samples were collected to evaluate B. canis exposure: on days 0 and 21 (exposure before day 0), during the study and at the end of the tick season (dogs suspected of having become infected after day 0). Efficacy was determined by the percentage reduction in B. canis transmission risk based on the difference in B. canis-positive tests in fluralaner-treated dogs compared with untreated dogs. In addition, ticks collected at monthly intervals throughout the study were identified to species level and females tested for B. canis DNA. RESULTS A total of 152 dogs were enrolled in the study, although nine dogs were excluded because they tested positive for B. canis DNA or antibodies within 21 days after enrollment. During the study period, no fluralaner-treated dog became positive for B. canis, resulting in calculated efficacy of 100%. However, babesiosis infection was diagnosed in five untreated control dogs (Fisher's exact test, left-sided, P = 0.0312). Tick analyses revealed that one sample collected in Hungary was infected with B. canis. CONCLUSION Oral administration of Bravecto chewable tablets at the recommended dosage to dogs completely prevented B. canis transmission under field conditions in an endemic area for 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Chiummo
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | | | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, 1078 Hungary
| | - Mathieu Chiquet
- Artemis Animal Health, 7, rue du Clos Rouillé, Champtocé-sur-Loire, France
| | - Dhimitër Rapti
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rezart Postoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - Alain Audry
- Clinique Vétérinaire, 2c Route de Grayan, 33780 Soulac sur Mer, France
| | - Michael Leschnik
- University Clinic for Small Animals, Veterinary University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Rohdich N, Zschiesche E, Wolf O, Loehlein W, Kirkova Z, Iliev P, Rapti D, Postoli R, Capári B, Farkas R, Roepke RKA. A randomized, blinded, controlled, multi-centered field study assessing the treatment of gastrointestinal nematode infections in cats with fluralaner plus moxidectin spot-on solution (Bravecto® Plus). Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:589. [PMID: 30449275 PMCID: PMC6240952 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3169-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A spot-on formulation containing fluralaner (280 mg/ml) plus moxidectin (14 mg/ml) (Bravecto® Plus) was developed for the treatment of nematode infections as well as providing 12 weeks of protection against insect and acarine parasites in cats. The effectiveness and safety of this product against feline gastrointestinal nematodes was assessed in naturally-infested, client-owned cats under field conditions in Albania, Bulgaria, Germany and Hungary. METHODS To be eligible for enrollment in this investigator-blinded study cats had to be at least 10 weeks-old, weigh at least 1.2 kg, be clinically healthy, and have a faecal sample testing positive for nematodes no more than eight days prior to treatment. Cats were stratified into blocks of three in order of presentation at each center and randomly allocated in a 2:1 ratio to be treated topically on Day 0 with fluralaner plus moxidectin (minimum dose rates 40 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg, respectively) or emodepside plus praziquantel (minimum dose rates 3 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg, respectively) (Profender®). Faecal samples were collected from cats prior to treatment and 14 ± 4 days later. RESULTS There were 182 cats randomized to the fluralaner plus moxidectin group, and 91 to the emodepside plus praziquantel group. Prior to treatment the most commonly identified nematode egg was Toxocara cati, found in 79.1 and 82.4% of cats in the fluralaner plus moxidectin and emodepside plus praziquantel groups, respectively. Eggs of Toxascaris leonina were found in 8.2 and 6.6% of cats; of hookworms in 30.8 and 24.2%; and of Capillaria spp. in 7.1 and 4.3%, respectively. After treatment, faecal samples from 98.3% of fluralaner plus moxidectin treated and 96.6% of emodepside plus praziquantel-treated cats were free of nematode ova. Geometric mean faecal egg count reductions for T. cati, the only eggs found in post-treatment faecal samples, were 99.97% and 99.93%, respectively. Treatment with fluralaner plus moxidectin was non-inferior to emodepside plus praziquantel. Both products were safe and well tolerated by cats treated under field conditions. CONCLUSIONS This field study confirms that, in addition to 12-week extended duration flea and tick control, fluralaner plus moxidectin provides broad spectrum treatment of nematodes in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Rohdich
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Eva Zschiesche
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
| | - Oliver Wolf
- Loehlein & Wolf Vet Research, Maistrasse 69, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | | | - Zvezdelina Kirkova
- Department of Parasitology, Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Petar Iliev
- Department of Parasitology, Trakia University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Student Campus, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - Dhimitër Rapti
- Klinika Veterinare Xhimi, Bulevardi Bajram Curri Nr 2, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rezart Postoli
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University, Kodër Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, István u. 2, 1078 Budapest VII, Hungary
| | - Rainer K. A. Roepke
- MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270 Schwabenheim, Germany
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Rehbein S, Dorr P, Bowman DD, Crafford D, Kusi I, Postoli R, Yoon S, Chester ST, Dollhofer D, Visser M, Larsen DL. Efficacy of afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets against naturally acquired intestinal nematodes in dogs. Vet Parasitol 2016; 217:29-35. [PMID: 26827857 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2015.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of oral afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime combination chewable tablets (NexGard Spectra, Merial) against naturally acquired intestinal nematode infections in dogs was evaluated in six negative control, blinded studies including a total of 114 dogs. Dogs were selected based on a pre-treatment fecal examination indicating patent infections with hookworms (two studies), Toxocara or Toxascaris ascarids (one study each) or Trichuris whipworms (two studies). In each study, dogs were assigned to blocks of two animals each, based on decreasing pre-treatment body weight and were randomly allocated to one of two groups consisting of eight, nine or 10 dogs: untreated (control) or treated with the combination chewable tablet formulation. Chewable tablets were combined to provide doses of actives as close as possible to the minimum effective dose of afoxolaner and milbemycin oxime, i.e., 2.5 mg/kg body weight and 0.5 mg/kg body weight, respectively, once on Day 0. For parasite recovery and count, dogs were euthanized humanely and necropsied seven or eight days after treatment. A single treatment with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets provided 94.8% and 90.9% efficacy against adult Ancylostoma braziliense and A. caninum, respectively, 97.8% and 99.4% efficacy against adult Toxocara canis and Toxascaris leonina, respectively, and ≥98.3% efficacy against adult Trichuris vulpis. Compared to untreated controls, nematode counts of the treated dogs were significantly reduced (F-test; p<0.002). In addition, analysis of the pooled data across studies revealed that treatment with afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets reduced adult Uncinaria stenocephala burdens by 74.9% (p=0.002). All dogs tolerated the treatment well based on clinical observations post-treatment and daily clinical observations. No adverse experiences or other clinical problems related to the treatment were observed throughout the studies. The results of this series of controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy and excellent acceptability and safety of the afoxolaner plus milbemycin oxime chewable tablets when administered for treatment of a broad range of canine intestinal nematode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany.
| | - Paul Dorr
- Merial, Inc., Missouri Research Center, 6498 Jade Road, Fulton, MO 65251, USA
| | - Dwight D Bowman
- Cheri Hill Kennel & Supply, Inc., 17190 Polk Road, Stanwood, MI, USA
| | - Dionne Crafford
- ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd., Uitsig Road, Bainsvlei, 9321 Bloemfontein, South Africa; University of Johannesburg, c/o Kingsway and University Road, Aucklandpark, Jonannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ilir Kusi
- Universiteti Bujqësor, Fakulteti i Mjekësisë Veterinare, Kodër Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rezart Postoli
- Universiteti Bujqësor, Fakulteti i Mjekësisë Veterinare, Kodër Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
| | - Stephen Yoon
- Merial, Inc., 3239 Satellite Blvd., Duluth, GA 30096, USA
| | | | - Doris Dollhofer
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Martin Visser
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, Walchenseestr. 8-12, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Diane L Larsen
- Merial, Inc., 3239 Satellite Blvd., Duluth, GA 30096, USA
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Knaus M, Rapti D, Shukullari E, Kusi I, Postoli R, Xhaxhiu D, Silaghi C, Hamel D, Visser M, Winter R, Rehbein S. Characterisation of ecto- and endoparasites in domestic cats from Tirana, Albania. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3361-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Knaus M, Abu-Madi MA, Ibarra-Velarde F, Kok DJ, Kusi I, Postoli R, Chester ST, Rosentel J, Alva R, Irwin J, Visser M, Winter R, Rehbein S. Efficacy of a novel topical fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel combination against naturally acquired intestinal nematode and cestode infections in cats. Vet Parasitol 2014; 202:18-25. [PMID: 24703071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2014.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of a novel topical combination formulation of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel against naturally acquired intestinal nematode and cestode infections in cats was evaluated in seven negative control, blinded studies. Cats were selected based on a pre-treatment faecal examination indicating a patent infection with at least hookworms (two studies), Toxocara ascarids (one study), taeniid cestodes (two studies) or Dipylidium cestodes (two studies). In each study, cats were assigned randomly to blocks of two animals each, based on decreasing pre-treatment body weight and were randomly allocated to one of two groups of six to 12 cats: untreated (control) or treated with topical fipronil (8.3%, w/v), (S)-methoprene (10%, w/v), eprinomectin (0.4%, w/v) and praziquantel (8.3%, w/v) (BROADLINE(®), Merial) at 0.12 mL/kg body weight (providing a minimum of 10mg fipronil+12 mg S-methoprene+0.5mg eprinomectin+10mg praziquantel per kg body weight). The topical treatment was administered directly on the skin in the midline of the neck in a single spot once on Day 0. For parasite recovery and count, cats were euthanized humanely and necropsied seven or ten days after treatment. A single treatment with the novel topical combination product provided 91% efficacy against Ancylostoma braziliense, ≥ 99% efficacy against Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and >97% efficacy against Toxocara cati. Similarly, excellent efficacy was established against Taenia taeniaeformis, Dipylidium caninum and Diplopylidium spp. as demonstrated by >97% and up to 100% reductions of cestode counts in the treated cats when compared to the untreated controls (P<0.01). All cats accepted the treatment well based on health observations post-treatment and daily health observations. No adverse experiences or other health problems were observed throughout the studies. The results of this series of controlled studies demonstrated high efficacy and excellent acceptability of the novel topical combination formulation of fipronil, (S)-methoprene, eprinomectin and praziquantel against a broad range of feline intestinal nematode and cestode infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Knaus
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany.
| | - Marawan A Abu-Madi
- Qatar University, Department of Health Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Dawie J Kok
- ClinVet International (Pty) Ltd., 9321 Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Ilir Kusi
- Universiteti Bujqësor, Fakulteti i Mjeksise Veterinare, Kodër Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
| | - Rezart Postoli
- Universiteti Bujqësor, Fakulteti i Mjeksise Veterinare, Kodër Kamëz, Tirana, Albania
| | | | | | | | | | - Martin Visser
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Renate Winter
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
| | - Steffen Rehbein
- Merial GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center, 83101 Rohrdorf, Germany
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Hamidi A, Sherifi K, Muji S, Behluli B, Latifi F, Robaj A, Postoli R, Hess C, Hess M, Sparagano O. Dermanyssus gallinae in layer farms in Kosovo: a high risk for Salmonella prevalence. Parasit Vectors 2011; 4:136. [PMID: 21762497 PMCID: PMC3199856 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae (D.g.) is a serious ectoparasitic pest of poultry and potential pathogen vector. The prevalence of D. g. and the prevalence of Salmonella spp. within mites on infested laying poultry farms were investigated in Kosovo. Findings In total, 14 populated layer farms located in the Southern Kosovo were assessed for D. g. presence. Another two farms in this region were investigated 6 months after depopulation. Investigated flocks were all maintained in cages, a common housing system in Kosovo. A total of eight farms were found to be infested with D. g. (50%) at varying levels, including the two depopulated farms. The detection of Salmonella spp. from D. g. was carried out using PCR. Out of the eight layer farms infested with D. g., Salmonella spp. was present in mites on three farms (37.5%). Conclusions This study confirms the high prevalence of D. g. in layer flocks in Kosovo and demonstrates the link between this mite and the presence of Salmonella spp. on infested farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrim Hamidi
- Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary, University of Prishtina, Kosovo.
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