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Yao X, Wang Y, Ma Y, Fu M, Wang H, Tang D, Nie J. Associations between prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27379-2. [PMID: 37249775 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27379-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We explored the association between maternal urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood in 120 pairs of pregnant women and newborns. Maternal urinary PAH metabolites were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Thyroid hormones were measured using a flow fluorescence assay. The dose-response relationship between PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones was analyzed using the generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model. Results showed that ƩOH PAHs in maternal urine had a negative effect on triiodothyronine (T3). Associations between maternal urinary PAH metabolites and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord blood plasma were observed. Prenatal exposure to PAHs could affect neonatal thyroid hormones, thereby disrupting neonatal thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yidong Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Yifei Ma
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Mengmeng Fu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722W. 168Th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jisheng Nie
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Xinjiannan Road 56, Taiyuan, 030001, China.
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Sohrabi SS, Rashidipour M, Sohrabi SM, Hadizadeh M, Shams MH, Mohammadi M. Genome-wide evaluation of transcriptomic responses of human tissues to smoke: A systems biology study. Gene X 2022; 820:146114. [PMID: 35077830 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The harmful compounds in various sources of smoke threaten human health. So far, many studies have investigated the effects of compounds of smoke on transcriptome changes in different human tissues. However, no study has been conducted on the effects of these compounds on transcriptome changes in different human tissues simultaneously. Hence, the present study was conducted to identify smoke-related genes (SRGs) and their response mechanisms to smoke in various human cells and tissues using systems biology based methods. A total of 6,484 SRGs were identified in the studied tissues, among which 4,095 SRGs were up-regulated and 2,389 SRGs were down-regulated. Totally, 459 SRGs were smoke-related transcription factors (SRTFs). Gene regulatory network analysis showed that the studied cells and tissues have different gene regulation and responses to compounds of smoke. The comparison of different tissues revealed no common SRG among the all studied tissues. However, the CYP1B1 gene was common among seven cells and tissues, and had the same expression trend. Network analysis showed that the CYP1B1 is a hub gene among SRGs in various cells and tissues. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, our results showed that compounds of smoke induce and increase the expression of CYP1B1 key gene in all target and non-target tissues of human. Moreover, despite the specific characteristics of CYP1B1 gene and its identical expression trend in target and non-target tissues, it can be used as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajad Sohrabi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran; Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Rashidipour
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Mohsen Sohrabi
- Department of Production Engineering and Plant Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Hadizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Shams
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Mohammadi
- Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center and Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Pagliaccio D, Herbstman JB, Perera F, Tang D, Goldsmith J, Peterson BS, Rauh V, Margolis AE. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons modifies the effects of early life stress on attention and Thought Problems in late childhood. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:1253-1265. [PMID: 31907931 PMCID: PMC7338249 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk for childhood psychopathology is complex and multifactorial, implicating direct and interacting effects of familial and environmental factors. The role of environmental neurotoxicants in psychiatric risk is of growing concern, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), common in air pollution. Prenatal PAH exposure is linked to adverse physical, behavioral, and cognitive outcomes as well as increasing psychiatric risk. It is unclear whether environmental exposures, like PAH, magnify the effects of exposure to early life stress (ELS), a critical risk factor for psychopathology. The current work aimed to test potential interactions between prenatal PAH exposure and psychosocial/socioeconomic stress on psychiatric symptoms in school-age children. METHODS Data were from the Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health Mothers and Newborns longitudinal birth cohort study. Prenatal PAH exposure was ascertained though air monitoring during pregnancy and maternal PAH-DNA adducts at delivery. Mothers reported on ELS (child age 5) and on child psychiatric symptoms across childhood (child age 5, 7, 9, and 11) using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). RESULTS Significant prenatal airborne PAH × ELS interactions (FDR-corrected) predicted CBCL Attention (β = 0.22, t(307) = 3.47, p < .001, pfdr = .003) and Thought Problems T-scores (β = 0.21, t(307) = 3.29, p = .001, pfdr = .004) at age 11 (n = 319). Relative to those with lower exposure, children with higher prenatal PAH exposure exhibited stronger positive associations between ELS and CBCL Attention and Thought Problem T-scores. This interaction was also significant examining convergent ADHD measures (Conners, DuPaul) and examining maternal PAH-DNA adducts (β = 0.29, t(261) = 2.48, p = .01; n = 273). A three-way interaction with assessment wave indicated that the PAH × ELS interaction on Attention Problems was stronger later in development (β = 0.03, t(1,601) = 2.19, p = .03; n = 477). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exposure to PAH, a common neurotoxicant in air pollution, may magnify or sustain the effects of early life psychosocial/socioeconomic stress on psychiatric outcomes later in child development. This work highlights the critical role of air pollution exposure on child mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pagliaccio
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA;,Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;,Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;,Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;,Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA;,Columbia Center for Children’s Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, and Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA;,Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Chen H, Cui Z, Hejazi L, Yao L, Walmsley SJ, Rizzo CJ, Turesky RJ. Kinetics of DNA Adducts and Abasic Site Formation in Tissues of Mice Treated with a Nitrogen Mustard. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:988-998. [PMID: 32174110 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen mustards (NM) are an important class of chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of malignant tumors. The accepted mechanism of action of NM is through the alkylation of DNA bases. NM-adducts block DNA replication in cancer cells by forming cytotoxic DNA interstrand cross-links. We previously characterized several adducts formed by reaction of bis(2-chloroethyl)ethylamine (NM) with calf thymus (CT) DNA and the MDA-MB-231 mammary tumor cell line. The monoalkylated N7-guanine (NM-G) adduct and its cross-link (G-NM-G) were major lesions. The cationic NM-G undergoes a secondary reaction through depurination to form an apurinic (AP) site or reacts with hydroxide to yield the stable ring-opened N5-substituted formamidopyrimidine (NM-Fapy-G) adduct. Both of these lesions are mutagenic and may contribute to secondary tumor development, a major clinical limitation of NM chemotherapy. We established a kinetic model with NM-treated female mice and measured the rates of formation and removal of NM-DNA adducts and AP sites. We employed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to measure NM-G, G-NM-G, and NM-Fapy-G adducts in liver, lung, and spleen over 168 h. NM-G reached a maximum level within 6 h in all organs and then rapidly declined. The G-NM-G cross-link and NM-FapyG were more persistent with half-lives over three-times longer than NM-G. We quantified AP site lesions in the liver and showed that NM treatment increased AP site levels by 3.7-fold over the basal levels at 6 h. The kinetics of AP site repair closely followed the rate of removal of NM-G; however, AP sites remained 1.3-fold above basal levels 168 h post-treatment with NM. Our data provide new insights into NM-induced DNA damage and biological processing in vivo. The quantitative measurement of the spectrum of NM adducts and AP sites can serve as biomarkers in the design and assessment of the efficacy of novel chemotherapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carmelo J Rizzo
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37067, United States
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Maciel-Ruiz JA, López-Rivera C, Robles-Morales R, Veloz-Martínez MG, López-Arellano R, Rodríguez-Patiño G, Petrosyan P, Govezensky T, Salazar AM, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Montero-Montoya R, Gonsebatt ME. Prenatal exposure to particulate matter and ozone: Bulky DNA adducts, plasma isoprostanes, allele risk variants, and neonate susceptibility in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2019; 60:428-442. [PMID: 30706525 DOI: 10.1002/em.22276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mexico City's Metropolitan Area (MCMA) includes Mexico City and 60 municipalities of the neighbor states. Inhabitants are exposed to emissions from over five million vehicles and stationary sources of air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ozone. MCMA PM contains elemental carbon and organic carbon (OC). OCs include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), many of which induce mutagenic and carcinogenic DNA adducts. Gestational exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth or low birth weight risk, and PAH-DNA adducts. These effects also depend on the presence of risk alleles. We investigated the presence of bulky PAH-DNA adducts, plasma 8-iso-PGF2α (8-iso-prostaglandin F2α ) and risk allele variants in neonates cord blood and their non-smoking mothers' leucocytes from families that were living in a highly polluted area during 2014-2015. The presence of adducts was significantly associated with both PM2.5 and PM10 levels, mainly during the last trimester of gestation in both neonates and mothers, while the last month of pregnancy was significant for the association between ozone levels and maternal plasma 8-iso-PGF2α . Fetal CYP1B1*3 risk allele was associated with increased adduct levels in neonates while the presence of the maternal allele significantly reduced the levels of fetal adducts. Maternal NQO1*2 was associated with lower maternal levels of adducts. Our findings suggest the need to reduce actual PM limits in MCMA. We did not observe a clear association between PM and/or adduct levels and neonate weight, length, body mass index, Apgar or Capurro score. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 60:428-442, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge A Maciel-Ruiz
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Cristina López-Rivera
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rogelio Robles-Morales
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria G Veloz-Martínez
- División de Investigación de la Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia 3 "Dr. Victor Manuel Espinosa de los Reyes Sánchez", Centro Médico Nacional "La Raza", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raquel López-Arellano
- LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez-Patiño
- LEDEFAR, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuatitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pavel Petrosyan
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Tzipe Govezensky
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana M Salazar
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Regina Montero-Montoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Maria E Gonsebatt
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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Fijten RRR, Smolinska A, Shi Q, Pachen DM, Dallinga JW, Boots AW, van Schooten FJ. Exposure to genotoxic compounds alters in vitro cellular VOC excretion. J Breath Res 2018; 12:027101. [PMID: 28972195 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/aa9080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxic carcinogens significantly damage cells and tissues by targeting macromolecules such as proteins and DNA, but their mechanisms of action and effects on human health are diverse. Consequently, determining the amount of exposure to a carcinogen and its cellular effects is essential, yet difficult. The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the potential of detecting alterations in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles in the in vitro headspace of pulmonary cells after exposure to the genotoxic carcinogens cisplatin and benzo[a]pyrene using two different sampling set-ups. A prototype set-up was used for the cisplatin exposure, whereas a modified set-up was utilized for the benzo[a]pyrene exposure. Both carcinogens were added to the cell medium for 24 h. The headspace in the culture flask was sampled to measure the VOC content using gas chromatography-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry. Eight cisplatin-specific VOCs and six benzo[a]pyrene-specific VOCs were discriminatory between treated and non-treated cells. Since the in vivo biological effects of both genotoxic compounds are well-defined, the origin of the identified VOCs could potentially be traced back to common cellular processes including cell cycle pathways, DNA damage and repair. These results indicate that exposing lung cells to genotoxins alters headspace VOC profiles, suggesting that it might be possible to monitor VOC changes in vivo to study drug efficacy or exposure to different pollutants. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the innovative potential of in vitro VOCs experiments to determine their in vivo applicability and discover their endogenous origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R R Fijten
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cai T, Bellamri M, Ming X, Koh WP, Yu MC, Turesky RJ. Quantification of Hemoglobin and White Blood Cell DNA Adducts of the Tobacco Carcinogens 2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole and 4-Aminobiphenyl Formed in Humans by Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography/Ion Trap Multistage Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:1333-1343. [PMID: 28493705 PMCID: PMC5550894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.7b00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Aromatic amines covalently bound to hemoglobin (Hb) as sulfinamide adducts at the cysteine 93 residue of the Hb β chain have served as biomarkers to assess exposure to this class of human carcinogens for the past 30 years. In this study, we report that 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AαC), an abundant carcinogenic heterocyclic aromatic amine formed in tobacco smoke and charred cooked meats, also reacts with Hb to form a sulfinamide adduct. A novel nanoflow liquid chromatography/ion trap multistage mass spectrometry (nanoLC-IT/MS3) method was established to assess exposure to AαC and the tobacco-associated bladder carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) through their Hb sulfinamide adducts. Following mild acid hydrolysis of Hb in vitro, the liberated AαC and 4-ABP were derivatized with acetic anhydride to form the N-acetylated amines, which were measured by nanoLC-IT/MS3. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for AαC- and 4-ABP-Hb sulfinamide adducts were ≤7.1 pg/g Hb. In a pilot study, the mean level of Hb sulfinamide adducts of AαC and 4-ABP were, respectively, 3.4-fold and 4.8-fold higher in smokers (>20 cigarettes/day) than nonsmokers. In contrast, the major DNA adducts of 4-ABP, N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl, and AαC, N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole, were below the LOQ (3 adducts per 109 bases) in white blood cell (WBC) DNA of smokers and nonsmokers. These findings reaffirm that tobacco smoke is a major source of exposure to AαC. Hb sulfinamide adducts are suitable biomarkers to biomonitor 4-ABP and AαC; however, neither carcinogen binds to DNA in WBC, even in heavy smokers, at levels sufficient for biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cai
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
| | - Medjda Bellamri
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
| | - Xun Ming
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Department of Clinical Sciences, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117549
| | - Mimi C. Yu
- Norris Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States, 90033 “Retired.”
| | - Robert J. Turesky
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States, 55455
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Das DN, Panda PK, Naik PP, Mukhopadhyay S, Sinha N, Bhutia SK. Phytotherapeutic approach: a new hope for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons induced cellular disorders, autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Toxicol Mech Methods 2017; 27:1-17. [PMID: 27919191 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2016.1268228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise the major class of cancer-causing chemicals and are ranked ninth among the chemical compounds threatening to humans. Moreover, interest in PAHs has been mainly due to their genotoxic, teratogenic, mutagenic and carcinogenic property. Polymorphism in cytochrome P450 (CYP450) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) has the capacity to convert procarcinogens into carcinogens, which is an imperative factor contributing to individual susceptibility to cancer development. The carcinogenicity potential of PAHs is related to their ability to bind to DNA, thereby enhances DNA cross-linking, causing a series of disruptive effects which can result in tumor initiation. They induce cellular toxicity by regulating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which arbitrate apoptosis. Additionally, cellular toxicity-mediated apoptotic and autophagic cell death and immune suppression by industrial pollutants PAH, provide fertile ground for the proliferation of mutated cells, which results in cancer growth and progression. PAHs play a foremost role in angiogenesis necessary for tumor metastasization by promoting the upregulation of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) in human cancer cells. This review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of PAHs induced cancer development as well as autophagic and apoptotic cell death. Besides that authors have unraveled how phytotherapeutics is an alternate potential therapeutics acting as a savior from the toxic effects of PAHs for safer and cost effective perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Nandini Das
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | | | - Prajna Paramita Naik
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | | | - Niharika Sinha
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- a Department of Life Sciences , National Institute of Technology , Rourkela , India
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Labib S, Williams A, Guo CH, Leingartner K, Arlt VM, Schmeiser HH, Yauk CL, White PA, Halappanavar S. Comparative transcriptomic analyses to scrutinize the assumption that genotoxic PAHs exert effects via a common mode of action. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2461-80. [PMID: 26377693 PMCID: PMC5043007 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1595-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the accuracy of the assumption that genotoxic, carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) act via similar mechanisms of action as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), the reference PAH used in the human health risk assessment of PAH-containing complex mixtures, was investigated. Adult male Muta™Mouse were gavaged for 28 days with seven individual, genotoxic PAHs. Global gene expression profiles in forestomach, liver, and lung (target tissues of exposure) were determined at 3 days post-exposure. The results are compared with our previously published results from mice exposed to BaP via the same exposure regimen. Although all PAHs showed enhanced ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity, DNA adduct formation, and lacZ mutant frequency in the lungs, the unsupervised cluster analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed that the transcriptional changes are both PAH- and tissue-specific, with lung showing the most response. Further bioinformatics-/pathway-based analysis revealed that all PAHs induce expression of genes associated with carcinogenic processes, including DNA damage response, immune/inflammatory response, or cell signaling processes; however, the type of pathways and the magnitude of change varied for each PAH and were not the same as those observed for BaP. Benchmark dose modeling showed transcriptomic data closely reflected the known tumor incidence for the individual PAHs in each tissue. Collectively, the results suggest that the underlying mechanisms of PAH-induced toxicity leading to tumorigenesis are tissue-specific and not the same for all PAHs; based on the tissue type considered, use of BaP as a reference chemical may overestimate or underestimate the carcinogenic potential of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Labib
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - C H Guo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - K Leingartner
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - V M Arlt
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - H H Schmeiser
- Division of Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - P A White
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - S Halappanavar
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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10
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Genetic and epigenetic cancer chemoprevention on molecular targets during multistage carcinogenesis. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2389-404. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Margolis AE, Herbstman JB, Davis K, Thomas VK, Tang D, Wang Y, Wang S, Perera FP, Peterson BS, Rauh VA. Longitudinal effects of prenatal exposure to air pollutants on self-regulatory capacities and social competence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2016; 57:851-60. [PMID: 26989990 PMCID: PMC5333974 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the influence of prenatal exposure to widespread urban air pollutants on the development of self-regulation and social competence in a longitudinal prospective cohort of children born to nonsmoking minority women in New York City. METHODS Air pollutant exposure was estimated categorically by level of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts in maternal blood collected at delivery, providing a biomarker of maternal exposure to PAH over a 2- to 3-month period. Deficient emotional self-regulation (DESR) was defined as moderate elevations on three specific scales of the child behavior checklist (anxious/depressed, aggressive behavior, and attention problems). We used generalized estimating equations to assess the influence of prenatal exposure to PAH on DESR in children at 3-5, 7, 9, and 11 years of age, adjusted for gender and race/ethnicity. Next, we assessed the association of prenatal exposure to PAH with social competence, as measured by the social responsiveness scale (SRS), the association of impaired self-regulation with social competence, and whether impairment in self-regulation mediated the association of prenatal exposure to PAH with social competence. RESULTS We detected a significant interaction (at p = .05) of exposure with time, in which the developmental trajectory of self-regulatory capacity was delayed in the exposed children. Multiple linear regression revealed a positive association between presence of PAH-DNA adducts and problems with social competence (p < .04), level of dysregulation and problems with social competence (p < .0001), and evidence that self-regulation mediates the association of prenatal exposure to PAH with social competence (p < .0007). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that prenatal exposure to PAH produces long-lasting effects on self-regulatory capacities across early and middle childhood, and that these deficits point to emerging social problems with real-world consequences for high-risk adolescent behaviors in this minority urban cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Margolis
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, NY,Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Center, NY
| | - Julie B. Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
| | - Katie Davis
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Center, NY
| | - Valerie K. Thomas
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
| | - Ya Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
| | - Frederica P. Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
| | - Bradley S. Peterson
- Institute for the Developing Mind, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, CA,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Virginia A. Rauh
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, NY
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12
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van Osch FH, Jochems SH, van Schooten FJ, Bryan RT, Zeegers MP. Quantified relations between exposure to tobacco smoking and bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis of 89 observational studies. Int J Epidemiol 2016; 45:857-70. [PMID: 27097748 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a major risk factor for bladder cancer (BC). This meta-analysis updates previous reviews on smoking characteristics and BC risk, and provides a more quantitative estimation of the dose-response relationship between smoking characteristics and BC risk. METHODS In total, 89 studies comprising data from 57 145 BC cases were included and summary odds ratios (SORs) were calculated. Dose-response meta-analyses modelled relationships between smoking intensity, duration, pack-years and cessation and BC risk. Sources of heterogeneity were explored and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of findings. RESULTS Current smokers (SOR = 3.14, 95% CI = 2.53-3.75) and former smokers(SOR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.52-2.14) had an increased risk of BC compared with never smokers. Age at first exposure was negatively associated with BC risk. BC risk increased gradually by smoking duration and a risk plateau at smoking 15 cigarettes a day and 50 pack-years was observed. Smoking cessation is most beneficial from 20 years before diagnosis. The population-attributable risk of BC for smokers has decreased from 50% to 43% in men and from 35% to 26% in women from Europe since estimated in 2000. Results were homogeneous between sources of heterogeneity, except for lower risk estimates found in studies of Asian populations. CONCLUSIONS Active smokers are at an increased risk of BC. Dose-response meta-analyses showed a BC risk plateau for smoking intensity and indicate that even after long-term smoking cessation, an elevated risk of bladder cancer remains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frits Hm van Osch
- Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands,
| | - Sylvia Hj Jochems
- Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands and
| | - Richard T Bryan
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice P Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, Department of Complex Genetics, CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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13
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Ruby MV, Lowney YW, Bunge AL, Roberts SM, Gomez-Eyles JL, Ghosh U, Kissel JC, Tomlinson P, Menzie C. Oral Bioavailability, Bioaccessibility, and Dermal Absorption of PAHs from Soil-State of the Science. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:2151-64. [PMID: 26824144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the state of the science regarding oral bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and dermal absorption of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (cPAHs) in soil by humans, and discusses how chemical interactions may control the extent of absorption. Derived from natural and anthropomorphic origins, PAHs occur in a limited number of solid and fluid matrices (i.e., PAH sources) with defined physical characteristics and PAH compositions. Existing studies provide a strong basis for establishing that oral bioavailability of cPAHs from soil is less than from diet, and an assumption of 100% relative bioavailability likely overestimates exposure to cPAHs upon ingestion of PAH-contaminated soil. For both the oral bioavailability and dermal absorption studies, the aggregate data do not provide a broad understanding of how different PAH source materials, PAH concentrations, or soil chemistries influence the absorption of cPAHs from soil. This article summarizes the existing studies, identifies data gaps, and provides recommendations for the direction of future research to support new default or site-specific bioavailability adjustments for use in human health risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Ruby
- Integral Consulting Inc., Louisville, Colorado 80027, United States
| | | | - Annette L Bunge
- Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | | | - Jose L Gomez-Eyles
- University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Maryland 20742, United States
- Integral Consulting Inc., Seattle, Washington 98104, United States
| | - Upal Ghosh
- University of Maryland , Baltimore County, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - John C Kissel
- University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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14
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Flesher JW, Lehner AF. Structure, function and carcinogenicity of metabolites of methylated and non-methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a comprehensive review. Toxicol Mech Methods 2016; 26:151-79. [PMID: 26894797 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2015.1135223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The Unified Theory of PAH Carcinogenicity accommodates the activities of methylated and non-methylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and states that substitution of methyl groups on meso-methyl substituted PAHs with hydroxy, acetoxy, chloride, bromide or sulfuric acid ester groups imparts potent cancer producing properties. It incorporates specific predictions from past researchers on the mechanism of carcinogenesis by methyl-substituted hydrocarbons, including (1) requirement for metabolism to an ArCH2X type structure where X is a good leaving group and (2) biological substitution of a meso-methyl group at the most reactive center in non-methylated hydrocarbons. The Theory incorporates strong inferences of Fieser: (1) The mechanism of carcinogenesis involves a specific metabolic substitution of a hydrocarbon at its most reactive center and (2) Metabolic elimination of a carcinogen is a detoxifying process competitive with that of carcinogenesis and occurring by a different mechanism. According to this outlook, chemical or biochemical substitution of a methyl group at the reactive meso-position of non-methylated hydrocarbons is the first step in the mechanism of carcinogenesis for most, if not all, PAHs and the most potent metabolites of PAHs are to be found among the meso methyl-substituted hydrocarbons. Some PAHs and their known or potential metabolites and closely related compounds have been tested in rats for production of sarcomas at the site of subcutaneous injection and the results strongly support the specific predictions of the Unified Theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W Flesher
- a Experimental Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, College of Medicine , Lexington , KY , USA and
| | - Andreas F Lehner
- b Section of Toxicology, Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
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Cao C, Chen J, Lyu C, Yu J, Zhao W, Wang Y, Zou D. Bioinformatics Analysis of the Effects of Tobacco Smoke on Gene Expression. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143377. [PMID: 26629988 PMCID: PMC4667894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to explore the effects of tobacco smoke on gene expression through bioinformatics analyses. Gene expression profile GSE17913 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in buccal mucosa tissues between 39 active smokers and 40 never smokers were identified. Gene Ontology Specifically, the DEG distribution in the pathway of Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was shown in Fig 2[corrected] were performed, followed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, transcriptional regulatory network as well as miRNA-target regulatory network construction. In total, 88 up-regulated DEGs and 106 down-regulated DEGs were identified. Among these DEGs, cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily A, polypeptide 1 (CYP1A1) and CYP1B1 were enriched in the Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 pathway. In the PPI network, tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta (YWHAZ), and CYP1A1 were hub genes. In the transcriptional regulatory network, transcription factors of MYC associated factor X (MAX) and upstream transcription factor 1 (USF1) regulated many overlapped DEGs. In addition, protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, D (PTPRD) was regulated by multiple miRNAs in the miRNA-DEG regulatory network. CYP1A1, CYP1B1, YWHAZ and PTPRD, and TF of MAX and USF1 may have the potential to be used as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in tobacco smoke-related pathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Cao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Chengqi Lyu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Derong Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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16
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Carvalho-Oliveira R, Pires-Neto RC, Bustillos JOV, Macchione M, Dolhnikoff M, Saldiva PHN, Garcia MLB. Chemical composition modulates the adverse effects of particles on the mucociliary epithelium. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2015; 70:706-13. [PMID: 26598085 PMCID: PMC4602376 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2015(10)09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We compared the adverse effects of two types of real ambient particles; i.e., total suspended particles from an electrostatic precipitator of a steel mill and fine air particles from an urban ambient particulate matter of 2.5 µm, on mucociliary clearance. METHOD Mucociliary function was quantified by mucociliary transport, ciliary beating frequency and the amount of acid and neutral mucous in epithelial cells through morphometry of frog palate preparations. The palates were immersed in one of the following solutions: total suspended particles (0.1 mg/mL), particulate matter 2.5 µm 0.1 mg/mL (PM0.1) or 3.0 mg/mL (PM3.0) and amphibian Ringer's solution (control). Particle chemical compositions were determined by X-ray fluorescence and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS Exposure to total suspended particles and PM3.0 decreased mucociliary transport. Ciliary beating frequency was diminished by total suspended particles at all times during exposure, while particulate matter of 2.5 µm did not elicit changes. Particulate matter of 2.5 µm reduced epithelial mucous and epithelium thickness, while total suspended particles behaved similarly to the control group. Total suspended particles exhibited a predominance of Fe and no organic compounds, while the particulate matter 2.5 µm contained predominant amounts of S, Fe, Si and, to a lesser extent, Cu, Ni, V, Zn and organic compounds. CONCLUSION Our results showed that different compositions of particles induced different airway epithelial responses, emphasizing that knowledge of their individual characteristics may help to establish policies aimed at controlling air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regiani Carvalho-Oliveira
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- E-mail: E-mail:
| | - Ruy Camargo Pires-Neto
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mariangela Macchione
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Dolhnikoff
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo H. Nascimento Saldiva
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Lúcia Bueno Garcia
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Patologia, Laboratório Experimental de Poluição Atmosférica, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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White AJ, Chen J, McCullough LE, Xu X, Cho YH, Teitelbaum SL, Neugut AI, Terry MB, Hibshoosh H, Santella RM, Gammon MD. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts and breast cancer: modification by gene promoter methylation in a population-based study. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:1791-802. [PMID: 26407953 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts have been associated with breast cancer incidence. Aberrant changes in DNA methylation may be an early event in carcinogenesis. However, possible relations between PAH-DNA adducts, methylation, and breast cancer are unknown. The objectives of this study were to (1) assess associations between PAH-DNA adducts, and breast cancer, stratified by DNA methylation markers and (2) examine interactions between adducts and DNA methylation in association with breast cancer and tumor subtype. METHODS In a population-based case-control study, promoter methylation of 13 breast cancer-related genes was measured in tumor tissue (n = 765-851 cases). Blood DNA from breast cancer cases (n = 873) and controls (n = 941) was used to assess PAH-DNA adducts and global methylation. Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI); and the ratio of the OR (ROR) was used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS Women with detectable PAH-DNA adducts and methylated RARβ (ROR 2.69, 95% CI 1.02-7.12; p for interaction = 0.03) or APC (ROR 1.76, 95% CI 0.87-3.58; p for interaction = 0.09) genes were more likely to have hormone receptor-positive tumors than other subtypes. Interactions with other methylation markers were not apparent (p ≥ 0.10). The association between adducts and breast cancer did not vary by methylation status of the tumor nor did adducts associate with global methylation in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Gene-specific methylation of RARβ, and perhaps APC, may interact with PAH-DNA adducts to increase risk of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. There was little evidence that adducts were associated with or interacted with other methylation markers of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J White
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, CB#7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA.
| | - Jia Chen
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Oncological Science, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Departments of Pediatrics, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lauren E McCullough
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, CB#7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
| | - Xinran Xu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital of Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yoon Hee Cho
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susan L Teitelbaum
- Departments of Preventive Medicine, Ichan School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alfred I Neugut
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Terry
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Regina M Santella
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marilie D Gammon
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, CB#7435, McGavran-Greenberg Hall, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7435, USA
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18
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Jedrychowski WA, Perera FP, Camann D, Spengler J, Butscher M, Mroz E, Majewska R, Flak E, Jacek R, Sowa A. Prenatal exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and cognitive dysfunction in children. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:3631-9. [PMID: 25253062 PMCID: PMC4334078 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3627-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread environmental pollutants produced by combustion of fossil fuel and other organic materials. Both experimental animal and human studies have reported the harmful impacts of PAH compounds on fetal growth and neurodevelopment, including verbal IQ of children. Here, we have assessed the association between cognitive function of children and prenatal PAH exposures. The study is part of an ongoing, longitudinal investigation of the health effects of prenatal exposure to air pollution on infants and children in Krakow, Poland. The subjects in this report included 170 children whose mothers were enrolled to the study in the first or second trimester of pregnancy whose cord blood were tested for PAH-DNA adducts and who were assessed at age 7 using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). The outcome of a priori interest was depressed verbal IQ index (DepVIQ), which is the difference between WISC-R performance and verbal IQ scores. Prenatal PAH exposure was measured by cord blood PAH-DNA adducts, an individual dosimeter, integrating exposure from various sources of exposure over the gestational period. The estimated effect of prenatal PAH exposure on cognitive function was adjusted in multivariable regression for a set of potential confounders (child's gender, parity, maternal education, breastfeeding practice, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), and postnatal PAH exposure). The prevalence of DepVIQ was significantly higher in children with detectable PAH-DNA adducts compared to those with undetectable adducts (13.7 vs. 4.4 %,). Binary multivariable regression documented that the relative risk of DepVIQ increased threefold with a ln-unit increase in cord blood adducts (relative risk (RR) = 3.0, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.3-6.8). Postnatal PAH exposure also increased the risk of DepVIQ (RR = 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.5). Long-term exclusive breastfeeding (at least 6 months) showed a protective effect (RR = 0.3, 95 % CI 0.1-0.9). In conclusion, these results provide further evidence that PAHs are harmful to the developing fetal brain with effects extending through childhood, with implications for the academic success of the children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiesław A Jedrychowski
- Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7, Kopernika Street, Krakow, Poland,
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Perera RT, Fleming AM, Johnson RP, Burrows CJ, White HS. Detection of benzo[a]pyrene-guanine adducts in single-stranded DNA using the α-hemolysin nanopore. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:074002. [PMID: 25629967 PMCID: PMC5266612 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/7/074002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The carcinogenic precursor benzo[a]pyrene (BP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is released into the environment through the incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. Metabolism of BP in the human body yields a potent alkylating agent (benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide, BPDE) that reacts with guanine (G) in DNA to form an adduct implicated in cancer initiation. We report that the α-hemolysin (αHL) nanopore platform can be used to detect a BPDE adduct to G in synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides. Translocation of a 41-mer poly-2'-deoxycytidine strand with a centrally located BPDE adduct to G through αHL in 1 M KCl produces a unique multi-level current signature allowing the adduct to be detected. This readily distinguishable current modulation was observed when the BPDE-adducted DNA strand translocated from either the 5' or 3' directions. This study suggests that BPDE adducts and other large aromatic biomarkers can be detected with αHL, presenting opportunities for the monitoring, quantification, and sequencing of mutagenic compounds from cellular DNA samples.
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20
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Karimi P, Peters KO, Bidad K, Strickland PT. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and childhood asthma. Eur J Epidemiol 2015; 30:91-101. [PMID: 25600297 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-9988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is the most common chronic illness in children living in developed countries and the leading cause of childhood hospitalization and school absenteeism. Prevalence rates of asthma are increasing and show disparities across gender, geographic regions, and ethnic/racial groups. Common risk factors for developing childhood asthma include exposure to tobacco smoke, previous allergic reactions, a family history of asthma, allergic rhinitis or eczema, living in an urban environment, obesity and lack of physical exercise, severe lower respiratory tract infections, and male gender. Asthma exacerbation in children can be triggered by a variety of factors, including allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites, and animal dander), viral and bacterial infections, exercise, and exposure to airway irritants. Recent studies have shown that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a major component of fine particulate matter from combustion sources, is also associated with onset of asthma, and increasing asthmatic symptoms. In this paper, we review sources of childhood PAH exposure and the association between airborne PAH exposure and childhood asthma prevalence and exacerbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Karimi
- Program in Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 North Wolfe Street, Room E7535, Baltimore, MD, USA
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21
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Jeng HA, Yordt D, Davis S, Swanson JR. Assessment of alteration of reproductive system in vivo induced by subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene via oral administration. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2015; 30:1-8. [PMID: 23893576 DOI: 10.1002/tox.21889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess whether subchronic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) via oral ingestion alter endpoints of the reproductive system of mice. Hsd: ICR (CD1) 10-week-old males (n = 8) were randomly assigned to the exposure group and control group. Mice were administered BaP for 30 and 60 days by daily gavage at doses of 1, 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight per day. At the end of the experiments, mice were anesthetized and reproductive organs, including testes, seminal vesicles, prostate, and cauda epididymis, were removed and examined. Spermatozoa quality and DNA strand breaks were assessed-1 and 10 mg/kg/day of BaP for 30 and 60 days did not significantly induce altered morphology or weights of testes, prostate, seminal vesicle, and epididymis, and spermatozoa quality of mice; 100 mg/kg/day of BaP for 60 days decreased weights of testes, seminal vesicle, and cauda epididymis. BaP exposure also significantly decreased motility, normal head morphology, vitality, and concentration of mature spermatozoa. In addition, BaP exposure induced a significant increase in DNA strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hueiwang Anna Jeng
- School of Community and Environmental Health, College of Health Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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Monien BH, Schumacher F, Herrmann K, Glatt H, Turesky RJ, Chesné C. Simultaneous detection of multiple DNA adducts in human lung samples by isotope-dilution UPLC-MS/MS. Anal Chem 2014; 87:641-8. [PMID: 25423194 PMCID: PMC4287830 DOI: 10.1021/ac503803m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Recent studies have demonstrated
that various DNA adducts can be
detected in human tissues and fluids using liquid chromatography connected
to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). However, the utility of a
single DNA adduct as a biomarker in risk assessment is debatable because
humans are exposed to many genotoxicants. We established a method
to measure DNA adducts derived from 16 ubiquitous genotoxicants and
developed an analytical technique for their simultaneous quantification
by ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS/MS. Methods for
the enrichment of the analytes from DNA hydrolysates and chromatographic
separation preceding mass spectrometric analysis were optimized, and
the resultant technique was used for the simultaneous analysis of
the 16 DNA adducts in human lung biopsy specimens. Eleven adducts
(formed by benzo[a]pyrene, 1-methylpyrene, 4-aminobiphenyl,
2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine,
1-methoxy-3-indolylmethylglucosinolate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and
malondialdehyde) were not detected in any tissue sample (limits of
detection: 0.02–7.1 adducts/108 nucleosides). 3,N4-etheno-2′-deoxycytidine and 1,N6-etheno-2′-deoxyadenosine, formed from
2,3-epoxyaldehydes of endogenous lipid peroxidation products, were
present in all subjects (16.9–115.3 and 27.2–179/108 nucleosides, respectively). The same was true for N2-(trans-methylisoeugenol-3′-yl)-2′-deoxyguanosine,
the major adduct of methyleugenol (1.7–23.7/108 nucleosides).
A minor adduct of methyleugenol and two adducts of furfuryl alcohol
were detected in several pulmonary specimens. Taken together, we developed
a targeted approach for the simultaneous mass spectrometric analyses
of 16 DNA adducts, which can be easily extended by adducts formed
from other mutagens. The method allowed one to detect adducts of furfuryl
alcohol and methyleugenol in samples of human lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard H Monien
- Research Group Genotoxic Food Contaminants, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) , 14558 Nuthetal, Germany
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Perera FP, Chang HW, Tang D, Roen EL, Herbstman J, Margolis A, Huang TJ, Miller RL, Wang S, Rauh V. Early-life exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ADHD behavior problems. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111670. [PMID: 25372862 PMCID: PMC4221082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Importance Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are widespread urban air pollutants from combustion of fossil fuel and other organic material shown previously to be neurotoxic. Objective In a prospective cohort study, we evaluated the relationship between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder behavior problems and prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure, adjusting for postnatal exposure. Materials and Methods Children of nonsmoking African-American and Dominican women in New York City were followed from in utero to 9 years. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure was estimated by levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon- DNA adducts in maternal and cord blood collected at delivery. Postnatal exposure was estimated by the concentration of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites at ages 3 or 5. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder behavior problems were assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Conners Parent Rating Scale- Revised. Results High prenatal adduct exposure, measured by elevated maternal adducts was significantly associated with all Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised subscales when the raw scores were analyzed continuously (N = 233). After dichotomizing at the threshold for moderately to markedly atypical symptoms, high maternal adducts were significantly associated with the Conners Parent Rating Scale-Revised DSM-IV Inattentive (OR = 5.06, 95% CI [1.43, 17.93]) and DSM-IV Total (OR = 3.37, 95% CI [1.10, 10.34]) subscales. High maternal adducts were positivity associated with the DSM-oriented Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Problems scale on the Child Behavior Checklist, albeit not significant. In the smaller sample with cord adducts, the associations between outcomes and high cord adduct exposure were not statistically significant (N = 162). Conclusion The results suggest that exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons encountered in New York City air may play a role in childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder behavior problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederica P. Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsin-wen Chang
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Emily L. Roen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Herbstman
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Amy Margolis
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and the Center for Developmental Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, the New York State Psychiatric Institute and the College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tzu-Jung Huang
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Rachel L. Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care of Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shuang Wang
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Virginia Rauh
- Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Morgott DA. Factors and Trends Affecting the Identification of a Reliable Biomarker for Diesel Exhaust Exposure. CRITICAL REVIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 44:1795-1864. [PMID: 25170242 PMCID: PMC4118891 DOI: 10.1080/10643389.2013.790748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The monitoring of human exposures to diesel exhaust continues to be a vexing problem for specialists seeking information on the potential health effects of this ubiquitous combustion product. Exposure biomarkers have yielded a potential solution to this problem by providing a direct measure of an individual's contact with key components in the exhaust stream. Spurred by the advent of new, highly sensitive, analytical methods capable of detecting substances at very low levels, there have been numerous attempts at identifying a stable and specific biomarker. Despite these new techniques, there is currently no foolproof method for unambiguously separating diesel exhaust exposures from those arising from other combustion sources. Diesel exhaust is a highly complex mixture of solid, liquid, and gaseous components whose exact composition can be affected by many variables, including engine technology, fuel composition, operating conditions, and photochemical aging. These factors together with those related to exposure methodology, epidemiological necessity, and regulatory reform can have a decided impact on the success or failure of future research aimed at identifying a suitable biomarker of exposure. The objective of this review is to examine existing information on exposure biomarkers for diesel exhaust and to identify those factors and trends that have had an impact on the successful identification of metrics for both occupational and community settings. The information will provide interested parties with a template for more thoroughly understanding those factors affecting diesel exhaust emissions and for identifying those substances and research approaches holding the greatest promise for future success.
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Punicalagin and ellagic acid demonstrate antimutagenic activity and inhibition of benzo[a]pyrene induced DNA adducts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:467465. [PMID: 24949451 PMCID: PMC4052943 DOI: 10.1155/2014/467465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Punicalagin (PC) is an ellagitannin found in the fruit peel of Punica granatum. We have demonstrated antioxidant and antigenotoxic properties of Punica granatum and showed that PC and ellagic acid (EA) are its major constituents. In this study, we demonstrate the antimutagenic potential, inhibition of BP-induced DNA damage, and antiproliferative activity of PC and EA. Incubation of BP with rat liver microsomes, appropriate cofactors, and DNA in the presence of vehicle or PC and EA showed significant inhibition of the resultant DNA adducts, with essentially complete inhibition (97%) at 40 μM by PC and 77% inhibition by EA. Antimutagenicity was tested by Ames test. PC and EA dose-dependently and markedly antagonized the effect of tested mutagens, sodium azide, methyl methanesulfonate, benzo[a]pyrene, and 2-aminoflourine, with maximum inhibition of mutagenicity up to 90 percent. Almost all the doses tested (50–500 μM) exhibited significant antimutagenicity. A profound antiproliferative effect on human lung cancer cells was also shown with PC and EA. Together, our data show that PC and EA are pomegranate bioactives responsible for inhibition of BP-induced DNA adducts and strong antimutagenic, antiproliferative activities. However, these compounds are to be evaluated in suitable animal model to assess their therapeutic efficacy against cancer.
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Tang D, Lee J, Muirhead L, Li TY, Qu L, Yu J, Perera F. Molecular and neurodevelopmental benefits to children of closure of a coal burning power plant in China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91966. [PMID: 24647528 PMCID: PMC3960155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are major toxic air pollutants released during incomplete combustion of coal. PAH emissions are especially problematic in China because of their reliance on coal-powered energy. The prenatal period is a window of susceptibility to neurotoxicants. To determine the health benefits of reducing air pollution related to coal-burning, we compared molecular biomarkers of exposure and preclinical effects in umbilical cord blood to neurodevelopmental outcomes from two successive birth cohorts enrolled before and after a highly polluting, coal-fired power plant in Tongliang County, China had ceased operation. Women and their newborns in the two successive cohorts were enrolled at the time of delivery. We measured PAH-DNA adducts, a biomarker of PAH-exposure and DNA damage, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein involved in neuronal growth, in umbilical cord blood. At age two, children were tested using the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS). The two cohorts were compared with respect to levels of both biomarkers in cord blood as well as developmental quotient (DQ) scores across 5 domains. Lower levels of PAH-DNA adducts, higher concentrations of the mature BDNF protein (mBDNF) and higher DQ scores were seen in the 2005 cohort enrolled after closure of the power plant. In the two cohorts combined, PAH-DNA adducts were inversely associated with mBDNF as well as scores for motor (p = 0.05), adaptive (p = 0.022), and average (p = 0.014) DQ. BDNF levels were positively associated with motor (p = 0.018), social (p = 0.001), and average (p = 0.017) DQ scores. The findings indicate that the closure of a coal-burning plant resulted in the reduction of PAH-DNA adducts in newborns and increased mBDNF levels that in turn, were positively associated with neurocognitive development. They provide further evidence of the direct benefits to children's health as a result of the coal plant shut down, supporting clean energy and environmental policies in China and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Joan Lee
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Loren Muirhead
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ting Yu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lirong Qu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jie Yu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frederica Perera
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia Center for Children's Environmental Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
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Su Y, Zhao B, Guo F, Bin Z, Yang Y, Liu S, Han Y, Niu J, Ke X, Wang N, Geng X, Jin C, Dai Y, Lin Y. Interaction of benzo[a]pyrene with other risk factors in hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study in Xiamen, China. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:98-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Summart R, Chewonarin T. Purple Rice Extract Supplemented Diet Reduces DMH-Induced Aberrant Crypt Foci in the Rat Colon by Inhibition of Bacterial β-Glucuronidase. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:749-55. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Xu G, McMahan CA, Walter CA. Early-life exposure to benzo[a]pyrene increases mutant frequency in spermatogenic cells in adulthood. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87439. [PMID: 24489914 PMCID: PMC3906184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children are vulnerable to environmental mutagens, and the developing germline could also be affected. However, little is known about whether exposure to environmental mutagens in childhood will result in increased germline mutations in subsequent adult life. In the present study, male transgenic lacI mice at different ages (7, 25 and 60 days old) were treated with a known environmental mutagen (benzo[a]pyrene, B[a]P) at different doses (0, 50, 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight). Mutant frequency was then determined in a meiotic cell type (pachytene spermatocyte), a post-meiotic cell type (round spermatid) and epididymal spermatozoa after at least one cycle of spermatogenesis. Our results show that 1) mice treated with B[a]P at 7 or 25 days old, both being pre-adult ages, had significantly increased mutant frequencies in all spermatogenic cell types tested when they were 60 days old; 2) spermatogenic cells from mice treated before puberty were more susceptible to B[a]P-associated mutagenesis compared to adult mice; and 3) unexpectedly, epididymal spermatozoa had the highest mutant frequency among the spermatogenic cell types tested. These data show that pre-adult exposure to B[a]P increases the male germline mutant frequency in young adulthood. The data demonstrate that exposure to environmental genotoxins at different life phases (e.g., pre-adult and adult) can have differential effects on reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogang Xu
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - C. Alex McMahan
- Department of Pathology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christi A. Walter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer Therapy and Research Center, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Sciences, the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- South Texas Veteran's Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Monien BH. Mass Spectrometric DNA Adduct Quantification by Multiple Reaction Monitoring and Its Future Use for the Molecular Epidemiology of Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 806:383-97. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06068-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Labib S, Guo CH, Williams A, Yauk CL, White PA, Halappanavar S. Toxicogenomic outcomes predictive of forestomach carcinogenesis following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene: Relevance to human cancer risk. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:269-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Alberg AJ, Brock MV, Ford JG, Samet JM, Spivack SD. Epidemiology of lung cancer: Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest 2013; 143:e1S-e29S. [PMID: 23649439 DOI: 10.1378/chest.12-2345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ever since a lung cancer epidemic emerged in the mid-1900 s, the epidemiology of lung cancer has been intensively investigated to characterize its causes and patterns of occurrence. This report summarizes the key findings of this research. METHODS A detailed literature search provided the basis for a narrative review, identifying and summarizing key reports on population patterns and factors that affect lung cancer risk. RESULTS Established environmental risk factors for lung cancer include smoking cigarettes and other tobacco products and exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke, occupational lung carcinogens, radiation, and indoor and outdoor air pollution. Cigarette smoking is the predominant cause of lung cancer and the leading worldwide cause of cancer death. Smoking prevalence in developing nations has increased, starting new lung cancer epidemics in these nations. A positive family history and acquired lung disease are examples of host factors that are clinically useful risk indicators. Risk prediction models based on lung cancer risk factors have been developed, but further refinement is needed to provide clinically useful risk stratification. Promising biomarkers of lung cancer risk and early detection have been identified, but none are ready for broad clinical application. CONCLUSIONS Almost all lung cancer deaths are caused by cigarette smoking, underscoring the need for ongoing efforts at tobacco control throughout the world. Further research is needed into the reasons underlying lung cancer disparities, the causes of lung cancer in never smokers, the potential role of HIV in lung carcinogenesis, and the development of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Alberg
- Hollings Cancer Center and the Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.
| | - Malcolm V Brock
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jean G Ford
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Simon D Spivack
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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Etemadi A, Islami F, Phillips DH, Godschalk R, Golozar A, Kamangar F, Malekshah AFT, Pourshams A, Elahi S, Ghojaghi F, Strickland PT, Taylor PR, Boffetta P, Abnet CC, Dawsey SM, Malekzadeh R, van Schooten FJ. Variation in PAH-related DNA adduct levels among non-smokers: the role of multiple genetic polymorphisms and nucleotide excision repair phenotype. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2738-47. [PMID: 23175176 PMCID: PMC3597757 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) likely play a role in many cancers even in never-smokers. We tried to find a model to explain the relationship between variation in PAH-related DNA adduct levels among people with similar exposures, multiple genetic polymorphisms in genes related to metabolic and repair pathways, and nucleotide excision repair (NER) capacity. In 111 randomly selected female never-smokers from the Golestan Cohort Study in Iran, we evaluated 21 SNPs in 14 genes related to xenobiotic metabolism and 12 SNPs in eight DNA repair genes. NER capacity was evaluated by a modified comet assay, and aromatic DNA adduct levels were measured in blood by32P-postlabeling. Multivariable regression models were compared by Akaike's information criterion (AIC). Aromatic DNA adduct levels ranged between 1.7 and 18.6 per 10(8) nucleotides (mean: 5.8 ± 3.1). DNA adduct level was significantly lower in homozygotes for NAT2 slow alleles and ERCC5 non-risk-allele genotype, and was higher in the MPO homozygote risk-allele genotype. The sum of risk alleles in these genes significantly correlated with the log-adduct level (r = 0.4, p < 0.001). Compared with the environmental model, adding Phase I SNPs and NER capacity provided the best fit, and could explain 17% more of the variation in adduct levels. NER capacity was affected by polymorphisms in the MTHFR and ERCC1 genes. Female non-smokers in this population had PAH-related DNA adduct levels three to four times higher than smokers and occupationally-exposed groups in previous studies, with large inter-individual variation which could best be explained by a combination of Phase I genes and NER capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Etemadi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USA.
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Chung MK, Regazzoni LG, McClean M, Herrick R, Rappaport SM. A sandwich ELISA for measuring benzo[a]pyrene-albumin adducts in human plasma. Anal Biochem 2013; 435:140-9. [PMID: 23333225 PMCID: PMC6354764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2012.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons has often been quantified via DNA or human serum albumin (HSA) adducts of the carcinogenic metabolite benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide (BPDE). We previously reported a sandwich ELISA, using 8E11 as capture antibody and anti-HSA as detection antibody, that detected intact BPDE adducts in HSA isolated from plasma. After confirming that BPDE binds to HSA at His146 and Lys195, we modified the ELISA to measure intact BPDE-HSA directly in human plasma. To adjust for interference due to nonspecifically bound HSA on well surfaces and to cross-reactivity of the antibodies, the ELISA employs paired wells with and without addition of BPDE tetrols to deactivate 8E11. By performing assays in quadruplicate, a series of sample-specific adjustments and screening steps are used to reduce measurement errors that are a consequence of detecting low BPDE-HSA concentrations in the general population. ELISA measurements of BPDE-HSA in plasma from smoking and nonsmoking subjects (range 0.280-2.88 ng BPDE-HSA/mg HSA) and from highway workers with and without exposure to asphalt emissions (range 0.346-13.9 ng BPDE-HSA/mg HSA) detected differences in BPDE-HSA levels in the a priori expected directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kei Chung
- Center for Exposure Biology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Luca Giovanni Regazzoni
- Center for Exposure Biology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Michael McClean
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Herrick
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen M. Rappaport
- Center for Exposure Biology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Roshandel G, Semnani S, Malekzadeh R, Dawsey SM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2013; 15:713-22. [PMID: 23102250 DOI: 0121511/aim.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the 8th most common cancer and the 6th most frequent cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common type of EC. Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) has been suggested as a risk factor for developing ESCC. In this paper we will review different aspects of the relationship between PAH exposure and ESCC. PAHs are a group of compounds that are formed by incomplete combustion of organic matter. Studies in humans have shown an association between PAH exposure and development of ESCC in many populations. The results of a recent case-control study in a high risk population in northeastern Iran showed a dramatic dose-response relationship between PAH content in non-tumor esophageal tissue (the target tissue for esophageal carcinogenesis) and ESCC case status, consistent with a causal role for PAH exposure in the pathogenesis of ESCC. Identifying the main sources of exposure to PAHs may be the first and most important step in designing appropriate PAH-reduction interventions for controlling ESCC, especially in high risk areas. Coal smoke and drinking mate have been suggested as important modifiable sources of PAH exposure in China and Brazil, respectively. But the primary source of exposure to PAHs in other high risk areas for ESCC, such as northeastern Iran, has not yet been identified. Thus, environmental studies to determining important sources of PAH exposure should be considered as a high priority in future research projects in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamreza Roshandel
- Digestive Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yamazaki S. Translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling from nonclinical to clinical development: a case study of anticancer drug, crizotinib. AAPS JOURNAL 2012; 15:354-66. [PMID: 23250669 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-012-9436-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Attrition risk related to efficacy is still a major reason why new chemical entities fail in clinical trials despite recently increased understanding of translational pharmacology. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) analysis is key to translating in vivo drug potency from nonclinical models to patients by providing a quantitative assessment of in vivo drug potency with mechanistic insight of drug action. The pharmaceutical industry is clearly moving toward more mechanistic and quantitative PKPD modeling to have a deeper understanding of translational pharmacology. This paper summarizes an anticancer drug case study describing the translational PKPD modeling of crizotinib, an orally available, potent small molecule inhibitor of multiple tyrosine kinases including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET), from nonclinical to clinical development. Overall, the PKPD relationships among crizotinib systemic exposure, ALK or MET inhibition, and tumor growth inhibition (TGI) in human tumor xenograft models were well characterized in a quantitative manner using mathematical modeling: the results suggest that 50% ALK inhibition is required for >50% TGI whereas >90% MET inhibition is required for >50% TGI. Furthermore, >75% ALK inhibition and >95% MET inhibition in patient tumors were projected by PKPD modeling during the clinically recommended dosing regimen, twice daily doses of crizotinib 250 mg (500 mg/day). These simulation results of crizotinib-mediated ALK and MET inhibition appeared consistent with the currently reported clinical responses. In summary, the present paper presents an anticancer drug example to demonstrate that quantitative PKPD modeling can be used for predictive translational pharmacology from nonclinical to clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamazaki
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, La Jolla Laboratories, Pfizer Worldwide Research & Development, 10777 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Phillips DH, Venitt S. DNA and protein adducts in human tissues resulting from exposure to tobacco smoke. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2733-53. [PMID: 22961407 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoke contains a variety of genotoxic carcinogens that form adducts with DNA and protein in the tissues of smokers. Not only are these biochemical events relevant to the carcinogenic process, but the detection of adducts provides a means of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke. Characterization of smoking-related adducts has shed light on the mechanisms of smoking-related diseases and many different types of smoking-derived DNA and protein adducts have been identified. Such approaches also reveal the potential harm of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) to nonsmokers, infants and children. Because the majority of tobacco-smoke carcinogens are not exclusive to this source of exposure, studies comparing smokers and nonsmokers may be confounded by other environmental sources. Nevertheless, certain DNA and protein adducts have been validated as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke, with continuing applications in the study of ETS exposures, cancer prevention and tobacco product legislation. Our article is a review of the literature on smoking-related adducts in human tissues published since 2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Phillips
- Analytical and Environmental Sciences Division, MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Tekpli X, Landvik NE, Skaug V, Gulsvik A, Haugen A, Zienolddiny S. Functional effect of polymorphisms in 15q25 locus on CHRNA5 mRNA, bulky DNA adducts andTP53mutations. Int J Cancer 2012; 132:1811-20. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Georgiadis P, Kovács K, Kaila S, Makedonopoulou P, Anna L, Poirier MC, Knudsen LE, Schoket B, Kyrtopoulos SA. Development and validation of a direct sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay for measuring DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Mutagenesis 2012; 27:589-97. [PMID: 22610669 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed and validated a sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay (SCIA) which measures polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA adducts combining high throughput and adequate sensitivity, appropriate for evaluation of adduct levels in human population studies. Fragmented DNA is incubated with rabbit antiserum elicited against DNA modified with r7,t8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BPDE) and subsequently trapped by goat anti-rabbit IgG bound to a solid surface. Anti-single-stranded (ss) DNA antibodies binds in a quantity proportional to the adduct levels and is detected by chemiluminescence. The BPDE-DNA SCIA has a limit of detection of 3 adducts per 10(9) nucleotides with 5 μg DNA per well. We have validated the BPDE-DNA SCIA using DNA modified in vitro, DNA from benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-exposed cultured cells and mice. The levels of adduct measured by SCIA were lower (30-60%) than levels of bulky DNA adducts measured in the same samples by (32)P-postlabelling. The BPDE-DNA SCIA also detected adducts produced in vivo by PAHs other than BP. When blood DNA samples from maternal/infant pairs were assayed by BPDE-DNA SCIA, the adduct levels obtained were significantly correlated. However, there was no correlation between (32)P-postlabelling and SCIA values for the same samples. The SCIA can be extended to any DNA adduct and is expected to provide, when fully automated, a valuable high-throughput approach in large-scale population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Georgiadis
- Institute of Biological Research and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, Athens 11635, Greece.
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Appenzeller BM, Tsatsakis AM. Hair analysis for biomonitoring of environmental and occupational exposure to organic pollutants: State of the art, critical review and future needs. Toxicol Lett 2012; 210:119-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/04/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jedrychowski W, Perera FP, Tang D, Stigter L, Mroz E, Flak E, Spengler J, Budzyn-Mrozek D, Kaim I, Jacek R. Impact of barbecued meat consumed in pregnancy on birth outcomes accounting for personal prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Birth cohort study in Poland. Nutrition 2012; 28:372-7. [PMID: 22079395 PMCID: PMC3288524 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2011.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously reported an association between prenatal exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and lower birth weight, birth length, and head circumference. The main goal of the present analysis was to assess the possible impact of coexposure to PAH-containing barbecued meat consumed during pregnancy on birth outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The birth cohort consisted of 432 pregnant women who gave birth at term (>36 wk of gestation). Only non-smoking women with singleton pregnancies, 18-35 y of age, and who were free from chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, were included in the study. Detailed information on diet over pregnancy was collected through interviews and the measurement of exposure to airborne PAHs was carried out by personal air monitoring during the second trimester of pregnancy. The effect of barbecued meat consumption on birth outcomes (birth weight, length, and head circumference at birth) was adjusted in multiple linear regression models for potential confounding factors such as prenatal exposure to airborne PAHs, child's sex, gestational age, parity, size of mother (maternal prepregnancy weight, weight gain in pregnancy), and prenatal environmental tobacco smoke. RESULTS The multivariable regression model showed a significant deficit in birth weight associated with barbecued meat consumption in pregnancy (coeff = -106.0 g; 95%CI: -293.3, -35.8). The effect of exposure to airborne PAHs was about the same magnitude order (coeff. = -164.6 g; 95%CI: -172.3, -34.7). Combined effect of both sources of exposure amounted to birth weight deficit of 214.3 g (95%CI: -419.0, -9.6). Regression models performed for birth length and head circumference showed similar trends but the estimated effects were of borderline significance level. As the intake of barbecued meat did not affect the duration of pregnancy, the reduced birth weight could not have been mediated by a shortened gestation period. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the study results provided epidemiologic evidence that prenatal PAH exposure from diet including grilled meat might be hazardous for fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieslaw Jedrychowski
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
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Tekpli X, Zienolddiny S, Skaug V, Stangeland L, Haugen A, Mollerup S. DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer is associated with smoking-induced genetic alterations in human lung. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:1509-16. [PMID: 22213191 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CYP1A1 (cytochrome P4501A1) catalyze the conversion of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into reactive metabolites, which may induce DNA damage. We hypothesized that DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer could be involved in inter-individual differences in mRNA levels of CYP1A1 or affect the smoking-induced DNA damage in human lung. Using DNA bisulfite conversion and pyrosequencing, we show that DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer is affected by smoking. In adjacent histologically normal lung from lung cancer patients (n = 120), low levels of DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer were related to high levels of smoking-induced hydrophobic DNA adduct (p < 0.03), and to the presence of TP53 or K-ras mutations in the corresponding lung tumors (p < 0.03). We found an inverse correlation between DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer and mRNA levels in vivo (Spearman r = -0.54; p < 0.0001). Thus, in lung tumor tissues, the CYP1A1 enhancer hypermethylation was associated with lower mRNA levels compared to adjacent histologically normal tissue (p < 0.0001). In vitro, using a panel of cultured human lung cells, we found hypermethylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer in cancer cell lines and an inverse correlation between DNA methylation and mRNA levels (Spearman r = -0.53; p = 0.003). Altogether, our results indicated that low levels of DNA methylation of the CYP1A1 enhancer in histologically normal human lung were associated with high CYP1A1 mRNA levels and with smoking-induced genetic alterations; thus, it may play a role in the initiation of lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Tekpli
- Section for Toxicology, Department of Biological and Chemical Working Environment, National Institute of Occupational Health, Oslo, Norway
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Huang MC, Chen FY, Chou MT, Su JGJ. Fluoranthene enhances p53 expression and decreases mutagenesis induced by benzo[a]pyrene. Toxicol Lett 2012; 208:214-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Aqil F, Vadhanam MV, Gupta RC. Enhanced activity of punicalagin delivered via polymeric implants against benzo[a]pyrene-induced DNA adducts. Mutat Res 2012; 743:59-66. [PMID: 22234049 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of punicalagin (PC) on benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-induced DNA adducts in vitro and in vivo. Incubation of BP (1 μM) with rat liver microsomes, appropriate co-factors and DNA in the presence of vehicle or punicalagin (1-40 μM) showed dose-dependent inhibition of the resultant DNA adducts, with essentially complete (97%) inhibition at 40 μM. However, PC failed to inhibit anti-BPDE-induced DNA adducts when tested in an in vitro non-microsomal system, suggesting that the inhibition of the microsomal BP-DNA adducts occurred due to inhibition of P450 1A1 by PC. To determine its efficacy in vivo, female S/D rats were administered punicalagin via the diet (1500 ppm; approximately 19 mg/day/animal) or subcutaneous polymeric implants (two 2-cm, 200mg with 20% drug load; 40 mg PC/implant) and then treated with continuous low-dose of BP by a subcutaneous polymeric implant (2 cm, 200mg with 10% load; 20mg BP/implant) and euthanized after 10 days. Analysis of the lung DNA by (32)P-postlabeling showed significant (60%; p=0.029) inhibition of DNA adducts by PC administered via the implants; the dietary route showed modest (34%) but statistically insignificant inhibition. Furthermore, total PC administered by implants was approximately 38-fold lower compared with the dietary route. Analysis of the lung microsomes showed significant inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A1 activity and induction of glutathione. Release of PC from the implants was found to be biphasic starting with a burst release, followed by a gradual decline. Ultra performance liquid chromatography analysis showed no detectable PC in the plasma but its hydrolyzed product, ellagic acid was readily detected. The plasma concentration of ellagic acid was over two orders of magnitude higher (589 ± 78 ng/mL) in the implant group compared with diet (4.36 ± 0.83 ng/mL). Together, our data show that delivery of PC by implants can reduce its effective dose substantially, and that the inhibition of DNA adducts in vivo occurred presumably due to the conversion of PC to ellagic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrukh Aqil
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Pavanello S, Lotti M. Biological monitoring of carcinogens: current status and perspectives. Arch Toxicol 2011; 86:535-41. [PMID: 22159923 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-011-0793-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomonitoring exposures to carcinogens is common practice and a variety of biomarkers have been developed to assess both exposures and biochemical/biological effects. However, their clinical and preventive relevance is still uncertain. The understanding of cancer as a genetic disease has dramatically evolved during last decades, showing that cancer cell types acquire their characteristics with different strategies, time frames and microenvironments. Therefore, the place of current biomarkers within this complex scenario of gene-environment interactions leading to cancer cannot be defined. Reasons are manifold. Most studies assessed cancer risk on a group basis through snapshots taken at unknown time-points of the postulated chain of events. Little attention has been paid to the variety and variability of exposures, and no prospective study validated the indicators of biochemical/biological effects. New opportunities and suggestions for biomonitoring exposures to carcinogens could derive from exploring the exposome that combines exposures from all sources both external and internal. The discovery of new biomarkers and the identification of relevant gene-specific pathways could be achieved through metabolomic and genome-wide studies. In conclusion, it is possible to envisage personalized biomonitoring procedures, such as those already implemented in the context of nutrition and clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Pavanello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Ambientale e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy.
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Stone MP, Huang H, Brown KL, Shanmugam G. Chemistry and structural biology of DNA damage and biological consequences. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:1571-615. [PMID: 21922653 PMCID: PMC3714022 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The formation of adducts by the reaction of chemicals with DNA is a critical step for the initiation of carcinogenesis. The structural analysis of various DNA adducts reveals that conformational and chemical rearrangements and interconversions are a common theme. Conformational changes are modulated both by the nature of adduct and the base sequences neighboring the lesion sites. Equilibria between conformational states may modulate both DNA repair and error-prone replication past these adducts. Likewise, chemical rearrangements of initially formed DNA adducts are also modulated both by the nature of adducts and the base sequences neighboring the lesion sites. In this review, we focus on DNA damage caused by a number of environmental and endogenous agents, and biological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Center in Molecular Toxicology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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The role of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in environmental carcinogenesis and biomarker development. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 188:334-9. [PMID: 20637748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2010] [Revised: 07/07/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Although we have greatly benefited from the use of traditional epidemiological approaches in linking environmental exposure to human disease, we are still lacking knowledge in to how such exposure participates in disease development. However, molecular epidemiological studies have provided us with evidence linking oxidative stress with the pathogenesis of human disease and in particular carcinogenesis. To this end, oxidative stress-based biomarkers have proved to be essential in revealing how oxidative stress may be mediating toxicity induced by many known carcinogenic environmental agents. Therefore, throughout this review article, we aim to address the current state of oxidative stress-based biomarker development with major emphasis pertaining to biomarkers of DNA, lipid and protein oxidation.
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Sipinen V, Laubenthal J, Baumgartner A, Cemeli E, Linschooten JO, Godschalk RWL, Van Schooten FJ, Anderson D, Brunborg G. In vitro evaluation of baseline and induced DNA damage in human sperm exposed to benzo[a]pyrene or its metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide, using the comet assay. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:417-25. [PMID: 20488941 PMCID: PMC2893308 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geq024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to genotoxins may compromise DNA integrity in male reproductive cells, putting future progeny at risk for developmental defects and diseases. To study the usefulness of sperm DNA damage as a biomarker for genotoxic exposure, we have investigated cellular and molecular changes induced by benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) in human sperm in vitro, and results have been compared for smokers and non-smokers. Sperm DNA obtained from five smokers was indeed more fragmented than sperm of six non-smokers (mean % Tail DNA 26.5 and 48.8, respectively), as assessed by the alkaline comet assay (P < 0.05). B[a]P-related DNA adducts were detected at increased levels in smokers as determined by immunostaining. Direct exposure of mature sperm cells to B[a]P (10 or 25 μM) caused moderate increases in DNA fragmentation which was independent of addition of human liver S9 mix for enzymatic activation of B[a]P, suggesting some unknown metabolism of B[a]P in ejaculates. In vitro exposure of samples to various doses of B[a]P (with or without S9) did not reveal any significant differences in sensitivity to DNA fragmentation between smokers and non-smokers. Incubations with the proximate metabolite benzo[a]pyrene-r-7,t-8-dihydrodiol-t9,10-epoxide (BPDE) produced DNA fragmentation in a dose-dependent manner (20 or 50 μM), but only when formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase treatment was included in the comet assay. These levels of DNA fragmentation were, however, low in relation to very high amounts of BPDE–DNA adducts as measured with 32P postlabelling. We conclude that sperm DNA damage may be useful as a biomarker of direct exposure of sperm using the comet assay adapted to sperm, and as such the method may be applicable to cohort studies. Although the sensitivity is relatively low, DNA damage induced in earlier stages of spermatogenesis may be detected with higher efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sipinen
- Department of Chemical Toxicology, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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1,10-phenanthroline stabilizes mRNA of the carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme, cytochrome P450 1a1. Toxicol Lett 2010; 192:252-60. [PMID: 19896525 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2009] [Revised: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
1,10-phenanthroline (phen), flufenamic acid, and indomethacin are inhibitors of aldo-keto reductases 1C1 (AKR1C1), but only phen decreased the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced cytochrome P450 1a1 (Cyp1a1) protein level. Therefore the decrease in the BaP-induced Cyp1a1 protein level was not due to inhibition of Akr1c1, but to phen itself. Phen decreased the BaP-induced Cyp1a1 promoter activity and protein expression, and in contrast, it increased Cyp1a1 mRNA, resulting from an increase in mRNA stability. Phen is also known as a transition metal ion-chelator. Along with the phen study, we also found that Zn(2+), Fe(2+) and Cu(2+) increased Cyp1a1 mRNA and protein stability. Our results show that phen stabilized the mRNA of Cyp1a1, although it decreased cell viability. In addition, Zn(2+) and Fe(2+) highly neutralized phen's suppression of Cyp1a1 protein expression, but they only slightly neutralized phen's promotion of mRNA stability and suppression of cell viability, and had no effect on phen's suppression of promoter activity. Phen's effect on Cyp1a1 expression was reversible, which indicates that phen is non-covalently linked to its target. This report elucidates a new role for phen of stabilizing Cyp1a1 mRNA, and provides information for further studies on mRNA stabilization.
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Käfferlein HU, Marczynski B, Mensing T, Brüning T. Albumin and hemoglobin adducts of benzo[a]pyrene in humans—Analytical methods, exposure assessment, and recommendations for future directions. Crit Rev Toxicol 2010; 40:126-50. [DOI: 10.3109/10408440903283633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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