1
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Fernández‐Rhodes M, Buchan E, Gagnon SD, Qian J, Gethings L, Lees R, Peacock B, Capel AJ, Martin NRW, Oppenheimer PG, Lewis MP, Davies OG. Extracellular vesicles may provide an alternative detoxification pathway during skeletal muscle myoblast ageing. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 3:e171. [PMID: 39169919 PMCID: PMC11336379 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle (SM) acts as a secretory organ, capable of releasing myokines and extracellular vesicles (SM-EVs) that impact myogenesis and homeostasis. While age-related changes have been previously reported in murine SM-EVs, no study has comprehensively profiled SM-EV in human models. To this end, we provide the first comprehensive comparison of SM-EVs from young and old human primary skeletal muscle cells (HPMCs) to map changes associated with SM ageing. HPMCs, isolated from young (24 ± 1.7 years old) and older (69 ± 2.6 years old) participants, were immunomagnetically sorted based on the presence of the myogenic marker CD56 (N-CAM) and cultured as pure (100% CD56+) or mixed populations (MP: 90% CD56+). SM-EVs were isolated using an optimised protocol combining ultrafiltration and size exclusion chromatography (UF + SEC) and their biological content was extensively characterised using Raman spectroscopy (RS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Minimal variations in basic EV parameters (particle number, size, protein markers) were observed between young and old populations. However, biochemical fingerprinting by RS highlighted increased protein (amide I), lipid (phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine) and hypoxanthine signatures for older SM-EVs. Through LC-MS, we identified 84 shared proteins with functions principally related to cell homeostasis, muscle maintenance and transcriptional regulation. Significantly, SM-EVs from older participants were comparatively enriched in proteins involved in oxidative stress and DNA/RNA mutagenesis, such as E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase TTC3 (TTC3), little elongation complex subunit 1 (ICE1) and Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACACA). These data suggest SM-EVs could provide an alternative pathway for homeostasis and detoxification during SM ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Buchan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Stephanie D. Gagnon
- School of SportExercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Jiani Qian
- School of SportExercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Lee Gethings
- Waters CorporationWilmslowUK
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
- Medical SchoolUniversity of SurreySurreyUK
| | | | - Ben Peacock
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Andrew J. Capel
- School of SportExercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Neil R. W. Martin
- School of SportExercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Pola Goldberg Oppenheimer
- School of Chemical Engineering, Advanced Nanomaterials Structures and Applications Laboratories, College of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mark P. Lewis
- School of SportExercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
| | - Owen G. Davies
- School of SportExercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughUK
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Saha D, Pramanik A, Freville A, Siddiqui AA, Pal U, Banerjee C, Nag S, Debsharma S, Pramanik S, Mazumder S, Maiti NC, Datta S, van Ooij C, Bandyopadhyay U. Structure-function analysis of nucleotide housekeeping protein HAM1 from human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39003571 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Non-canonical nucleotides, generated as oxidative metabolic by-products, significantly threaten the genome integrity of Plasmodium falciparum and thereby, their survival, owing to their mutagenic effects. PfHAM1, an evolutionarily conserved inosine/xanthosine triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, maintains nucleotide homeostasis in the malaria parasite by removing non-canonical nucleotides, although structure-function intricacies are hitherto poorly reported. Here, we report the X-ray crystal structure of PfHAM1, which revealed a homodimeric structure, additionally validated by size-exclusion chromatography-multi-angle light scattering analysis. The two monomeric units in the dimer were aligned in a parallel fashion, and critical residues associated with substrate and metal binding were identified, wherein a notable structural difference was observed in the β-sheet main frame compared to human inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase. PfHAM1 exhibited Mg++-dependent pyrophosphohydrolase activity and the highest binding affinity to dITP compared to other non-canonical nucleotides as measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. Modifying the pfham1 genomic locus followed by live-cell imaging of expressed mNeonGreen-tagged PfHAM1 demonstrated its ubiquitous presence in the cytoplasm across erythrocytic stages with greater expression in trophozoites and schizonts. Interestingly, CRISPR-Cas9/DiCre recombinase-guided pfham1-null P. falciparum survived in culture under standard growth conditions, indicating its assistive role in non-canonical nucleotide clearance during intra-erythrocytic stages. This is the first comprehensive structural and functional report of PfHAM1, an atypical nucleotide-cleansing enzyme in P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Saha
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Atanu Pramanik
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Aline Freville
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Asim Azhar Siddiqui
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Uttam Pal
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Chinmoy Banerjee
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Shiladitya Nag
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Subhashis Debsharma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Pramanik
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Somnath Mazumder
- Department of Zoology, Raja Peary Mohan College, Uttarpara, India
| | - Nakul C Maiti
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saumen Datta
- Division of Structural Biology & Bioinformatics, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Christiaan van Ooij
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Uday Bandyopadhyay
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bose Institute, Kolkata, India
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3
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Samad MA, Saiman MZ, Abdul Majid N, Karsani SA, Yaacob JS. Berberine and RNAi-Targeting Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (TERT) and/or Telomerase RNA Component (TERC) Caused Oxidation in Colorectal Cancer Cell Line, HCT 116: An Integrative Approach using Molecular and Metabolomic Studies. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:153-173. [PMID: 38198024 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most common cancer in both men and women and is associated with increased telomerase levels and activity. The potential downstream effects of TERT and/or TERC downregulation by berberine (a telomerase inhibitor) or RNA interference (RNAi) on various target RNAs, proteins, relative telomerase activity (RTA), relative telomere length (RTL), hydrogen peroxide concentration [H2O2], percentage of cell cycle distribution, cell size and granularity as well as cellular metabolites were explored in HCT 116 cell line. Knockdown of TERT decreased TERC. The downregulation of TERT and/or TERC caused increment of [H2O2], G0/G1 phase arrest in addition to decreased S and G2/M phases, as well as diminished cell size. RTL was later reduced as a result of TERT, TERT and/or TERC downregulation which decreased RTA. It was discovered that xanthine oxidase (XO) was significantly and positively correlated at FDR-adjusted p value < 0.05 with RTA, TERT, TERT, TERC, and RTL. HCT 116 with decreased RTA was closely clustered in the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicating similarity of the metabolic profile. A total of 55 metabolites were putatively annotated in this study, potentially associated with RTA levels. The Debiased Sparse Partial Correlation (DSPC) Network revealed that RTA was directly correlated to TERT. There were 4 metabolic pathways significantly affected by low level of RTA which include (1) purine metabolism, (2) glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, (3) glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and (4) aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis. The Gene-Metabolite Interaction Network implied that reduced RTA level was related to the mechanism of oxidative stress. This study reveals the linkages between RTA to various selected RNAs, proteins, metabolites, oxidative stress mechanism and subsequently phenotypic changes in HCT 116 which is valuable to understand the intricate biological interactions and mechanism of telomerase in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Azizan Samad
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- INFRA High Impact Research (HIR), HIR Building, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zuwairi Saiman
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Nazia Abdul Majid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saiful Anuar Karsani
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Straube H, Straube J, Rinne J, Fischer L, Niehaus M, Witte CP, Herde M. An inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase safeguards plant nucleic acids from aberrant purine nucleotides. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:1759-1775. [PMID: 36464781 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In plants, inosine is enzymatically introduced in some tRNAs, but not in other RNAs or DNA. Nonetheless, our data show that RNA and DNA from Arabidopsis thaliana contain (deoxy)inosine, probably derived from nonenzymatic adenosine deamination in nucleic acids and usage of (deoxy)inosine triphosphate (dITP and ITP) during nucleic acid synthesis. We combined biochemical approaches, LC-MS, as well as RNA-Seq to characterize a plant INOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE PYROPHOSPHATASE (ITPA) from A. thaliana, which is conserved in many organisms, and investigated the sources of deaminated purine nucleotides in plants. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase dephosphorylates deaminated nucleoside di- and triphosphates to the respective monophosphates. ITPA loss-of-function causes inosine di- and triphosphate accumulation in vivo and an elevated inosine and deoxyinosine content in RNA and DNA, respectively, as well as salicylic acid (SA) accumulation, early senescence, and upregulation of transcripts associated with immunity and senescence. Cadmium-induced oxidative stress and biochemical inhibition of the INOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE leads to more IDP and ITP in the wild-type (WT), and this effect is enhanced in itpa mutants, suggesting that ITP originates from ATP deamination and IMP phosphorylation. Inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase is part of a molecular protection system in plants, preventing the accumulation of (d)ITP and its usage for nucleic acid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk Straube
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Jannis Straube
- Department of Molecular Plant Breeding, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Jannis Rinne
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Lisa Fischer
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Markus Niehaus
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Claus-Peter Witte
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
| | - Marco Herde
- Department of Molecular Nutrition and Biochemistry of Plants, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Hannover, 30419, Germany
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Liang K, Qiao T, Wang S, Li TJ, Sun N, Jiang N, Xue DH, Bao YR, Meng XS. Metabolomics Study of Insomnia and Intervention Effects of Wuweiningshen Decoction on PCPA Induced Insomnia Rats by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. INT J PHARMACOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2022.1374.1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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6
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Garg M, Goraya J, Kochar G, Jain V. ITPA-associated developmental and epileptic encephalopathy: characteristic neuroradiological features with novel clinical and biochemical findings. Epileptic Disord 2022; 24:583-588. [PMID: 35770779 DOI: 10.1684/epd.2022.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) in children have an everexpanding range of rare causes. Mutations in ITPA have been recently described as causative of DEE, but only a small number of patients have been reported so far. We describe two Indian children with novel variants in the ITPA gene. Both patients had characteristic, previously described, neuroradiological findings that helped us suspect this condition even before genetic evaluation. In addition, we present new and rarely reported clinical findings associated with this condition: migrating partial epilepsy, fever-triggered seizures, movement disorder including oculogyria and dystonic tremor. One of the patients also had high cerebrospinal fluid glycine levels. Both patients had drug-responsive epilepsy, in contrast to drug-resistant seizures in previously reported patients. These patients reiterate the utility of awareness of specific neuroradiological findings and subsequent genetic evaluation to help make a precise diagnosis. Our report also extends the clinical spectrum and provides insight into possible biochemical causes for the neuroimaging findings seen in this condition.
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2-Year-Old and 3-Year-Old Italian ALS Patients with Novel ALS2 Mutations: Identification of Key Metabolites in Their Serum and Plasma. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020174. [PMID: 35208248 PMCID: PMC8878019 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in ALS2 have been detected mostly in juvenile cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), affecting mainly children and teenagers. Patients with ALS2 mutations demonstrate early onset cortical involvement in ALS. Currently, there are no effective treatment options. There is an immense need to reveal the underlying causes of the disease and to identify potential biomarkers. To shed light onto the metabolomic events that are perturbed with respect to ALS2 mutations, we investigated the metabolites present in the serum and plasma of a three-year-old female patient (AO) harboring pathogenic variants in ALS2, together with her relatives, healthy male and female controls, as well as another two-year-old patient DH, who had mutations at different locations and domains of ALS2. Serum and plasma samples were analyzed with a quantitative metabolomic approach to reveal the identity of metabolites present in serum and plasma. This study not only shed light onto the perturbed cellular pathways, but also began to reveal the presence of a distinct set of key metabolites that are selectively present or absent with respect to ALS2 mutations, laying the foundation for utilizing metabolites as potential biomarkers for a subset of ALS.
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8
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Listeriolysin S: A bacteriocin from Listeria monocytogenes that induces membrane permeabilization in a contact-dependent manner. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2108155118. [PMID: 34599102 PMCID: PMC8501752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2108155118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a bacterial pathogen that causes listeriosis, a foodborne disease characterized by gastroenteritis, meningitis, bacteremia, and abortions in pregnant women. The most severe human listeriosis outbreaks are associated with a subset of Lm hypervirulent clones that encode the bacteriocin Listeriolysin S (LLS), which modifies the gut microbiota and allows efficient Lm gut colonization and invasion of deeper organs. Our present work identifies the killing mechanism displayed by LLS to outcompete gut commensal bacteria, demonstrating that it induces membrane permeabilization and membrane depolarization of target bacteria. Moreover, we show that LLS is a thiazole/oxazole–modified microcin that displays a contact-dependent inhibition mechanism. Listeriolysin S (LLS) is a thiazole/oxazole–modified microcin (TOMM) produced by hypervirulent clones of Listeria monocytogenes. LLS targets specific gram-positive bacteria and modulates the host intestinal microbiota composition. To characterize the mechanism of LLS transfer to target bacteria and its bactericidal function, we first investigated its subcellular distribution in LLS-producer bacteria. Using subcellular fractionation assays, transmission electron microscopy, and single-molecule superresolution microscopy, we identified that LLS remains associated with the bacterial cell membrane and cytoplasm and is not secreted to the bacterial extracellular space. Only living LLS-producer bacteria (and not purified LLS-positive bacterial membranes) display bactericidal activity. Applying transwell coculture systems and microfluidic-coupled microscopy, we determined that LLS requires direct contact between LLS-producer and -target bacteria in order to display bactericidal activity, and thus behaves as a contact-dependent bacteriocin. Contact-dependent exposure to LLS leads to permeabilization/depolarization of the target bacterial cell membrane and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. Additionally, we show that lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) can interact with LLS and that LTA decorations influence bacterial susceptibility to LLS. Overall, our results suggest that LLS is a TOMM that displays a contact-dependent inhibition mechanism.
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Iralde-Lorente L, Tassone G, Clementi L, Franci L, Munier CC, Cau Y, Mori M, Chiariello M, Angelucci A, Perry MWD, Pozzi C, Mangani S, Botta M. Identification of Phosphate-Containing Compounds as New Inhibitors of 14-3-3/c-Abl Protein-Protein Interaction. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:1026-1035. [PMID: 32142251 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3/c-Abl protein-protein interaction (PPI) is related to carcinogenesis and in particular to pathogenesis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Previous studies have demonstrated that molecules able to disrupt this interaction improve the nuclear translocation of c-Abl, inducing apoptosis in leukemia cells. Through an X-ray crystallography screening program, we have identified two phosphate-containing compounds, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), as binders of human 14-3-3σ, by targeting the protein amphipathic groove. Interestingly, they also act as weak inhibitors of the 14-3-3/c-Abl PPI, demonstrated by NMR, SPR, and FP data. A 37-compound library of PLP and IMP analogues was investigated using a FP assay, leading to the identification of three further molecules acting as weak inhibitors of the 14-3-3/c-Abl complex formation. The antiproliferative activity of IMP, PLP, and the three derivatives was tested against K-562 cells, showing that the parent compounds had the most pronounced effect on tumor cells. PLP and IMP were also effective in promoting the c-Abl nuclear translocation in c-Abl overexpressing cells. Further, these compounds demonstrated low cytotoxicity on human Hs27 fibroblasts. In conclusion, our data suggest that 14-3-3σ targeting compounds represent promising hits for further development of drugs against c-Abl-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leire Iralde-Lorente
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giusy Tassone
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Letizia Clementi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche − Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro, 2 53100 Siena, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claire C Munier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Ylenia Cau
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina, 1 53100 Siena, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Adriano Angelucci
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Matthew W. D. Perry
- Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmune (RIA), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg 431 83, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Pozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy−Department of Excellence 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Baszczyňski O, Kaiser MM, Česnek M, Břehová P, Jansa P, Procházková E, Dračínský M, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Janeba Z. Xanthine-based acyclic nucleoside phosphonates with potent antiviral activity against varicella-zoster virus and human cytomegalovirus. Antivir Chem Chemother 2019; 26:2040206618813050. [PMID: 30497281 PMCID: PMC6287304 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618813050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While noncanonic xanthine nucleotides XMP/dXMP play an important role in balancing and maintaining intracellular purine nucleotide pool as well as in potential mutagenesis, surprisingly, acyclic nucleoside phosphonates bearing a xanthine nucleobase have not been studied so far for their antiviral properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of xanthine-based acyclic nucleoside phosphonates and evaluation of their activity against a wide range of DNA and RNA viruses. Two acyclic nucleoside phosphonates within the series, namely 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethyl]xanthine (PMEX) and 9-[3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propyl]xanthine (HPMPX), were shown to possess activity against several human herpesviruses. The most potent compound was PMEX, a xanthine analogue of adefovir (PMEA). PMEX exhibited a single digit µM activity against VZV (EC50 = 2.6 µM, TK+ Oka strain) and HCMV (EC50 = 8.5 µM, Davis strain), while its hexadecyloxypropyl monoester derivative was active against HSV-1 and HSV-2 (EC50 values between 1.8 and 4.0 µM). In contrast to acyclovir, PMEX remained active against the TK- VZV 07-1 strain with EC50 = 4.58 µM. PMEX was suggested to act as an inhibitor of viral DNA polymerase and represents the first reported xanthine-based acyclic nucleoside phosphonate with potent antiviral properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Baszczyňski
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Maxmilian Kaiser
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Česnek
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Břehová
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jansa
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Eliška Procházková
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Snoeck
- 2 Laboratory of Virology and Chemotheraphy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Graciela Andrei
- 2 Laboratory of Virology and Chemotheraphy, Rega Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- 1 Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
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11
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Xiang J, Lv Q, Yi F, Song Y, Le L, Jiang B, Xu L, Xiao P. Dietary Supplementation of Vine Tea Ameliorates Glucose and Lipid Metabolic Disorder via Akt Signaling Pathway in Diabetic Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101866. [PMID: 31096578 PMCID: PMC6571802 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A traditional Chinese tea with many pharmacological effects, vine tea (VT) is considered a potential dietary supplement to improve type 2 diabetes (T2D). To investigate the effect and mechanism of VT on glucose and lipid metabolic disorders in T2D rats, Wistar rats fed a normal diet served as the normal control, while rats fed a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T2D were divided into three groups: The model group (MOD); the positive control group (MET, metformin at 200 mg/kg/d); and the VT-treated group (VT500, allowed to freely drink 500 mg/L VT). After four weeks of intervention, biochemical metrics indicated that VT significantly ameliorated hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hyperinsulinemia in T2D rats. Metabolomics research indicated that VT regulated the levels of metabolites closely related to glucose and lipid metabolism and promoted glycogen synthesis. Furthermore, VT had a significant influence on the expression of key genes involved in the Akt signaling pathway, inhibited gluconeogenesis through the Akt/Foxo1/Pck2 signaling pathway, and reduced fatty acid synthesis via the SREBP1c/Fasn signaling pathways. In conclusion, VT has great potential as a dietary supplement to ameliorate glucose and lipid metabolic disorders via the Akt signaling pathway in T2D rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Xiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Qiuyue Lv
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Fan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Cosmetic, China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yanjun Song
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Liang Le
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Baoping Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China.
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
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12
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Handley MT, Reddy K, Wills J, Rosser E, Kamath A, Halachev M, Falkous G, Williams D, Cox P, Meynert A, Raymond ES, Morrison H, Brown S, Allan E, Aligianis I, Jackson AP, Ramsahoye BH, von Kriegsheim A, Taylor RW, Finch AJ, FitzPatrick DR. ITPase deficiency causes a Martsolf-like syndrome with a lethal infantile dilated cardiomyopathy. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007605. [PMID: 30856165 PMCID: PMC6428344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical Martsolf syndrome is characterized by congenital cataracts, postnatal microcephaly, developmental delay, hypotonia, short stature and biallelic hypomorphic mutations in either RAB3GAP1 or RAB3GAP2. Genetic analysis of 85 unrelated "mutation negative" probands with Martsolf or Martsolf-like syndromes identified two individuals with different homozygous null mutations in ITPA, the gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase (ITPase). Both probands were from multiplex families with a consistent, lethal and highly distinctive disorder; a Martsolf-like syndrome with infantile-onset dilated cardiomyopathy. Severe ITPase-deficiency has been previously reported with infantile epileptic encephalopathy (MIM 616647). ITPase acts to prevent incorporation of inosine bases (rI/dI) into RNA and DNA. In Itpa-null cells dI was undetectable in genomic DNA. dI could be identified at a low level in mtDNA without detectable mitochondrial genome instability, mtDNA depletion or biochemical dysfunction of the mitochondria. rI accumulation was detectable in proband-derived lymphoblastoid RNA. In Itpa-null mouse embryos rI was detectable in the brain and kidney with the highest level seen in the embryonic heart (rI at 1 in 385 bases). Transcriptome and proteome analysis in mutant cells revealed no major differences with controls. The rate of transcription and the total amount of cellular RNA also appeared normal. rI accumulation in RNA-and by implication rI production-correlates with the severity of organ dysfunction in ITPase deficiency but the basis of the cellulopathy remains cryptic. While we cannot exclude cumulative minor effects, there are no major anomalies in the production, processing, stability and/or translation of mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T. Handley
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Section of Genetics, Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kigndom
| | - Kaalak Reddy
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Center for NeuroGenetics, Gainesville, United States of America
| | - Jimi Wills
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth Rosser
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Great Ormond St Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Archith Kamath
- Medical School, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford United Kingdom
| | - Mihail Halachev
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gavin Falkous
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Williams
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHSFT, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Phillip Cox
- Department of Histopathology, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHSFT, Birmingham United Kingdom
| | - Alison Meynert
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor S. Raymond
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Harris Morrison
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Brown
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Allan
- CBS-IGMM Transgenic Unit, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Aligianis
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P. Jackson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard H. Ramsahoye
- Centre for Genetic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W. Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Finch
- Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, MRC Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David R. FitzPatrick
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genomic and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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13
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Chu KO, Chan KP, Chan SO, Ng TK, Jhanji V, Wang CC, Pang CP. Metabolomics of Green-Tea Catechins on Vascular-Endothelial-Growth-Factor-Stimulated Human-Endothelial-Cell Survival. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12866-12875. [PMID: 30406651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neovascularization causes serious oculopathy related to upregulation of vascular-endothelial-growth factor (VEGF) causing new capillary growth via endothelial cells. Green-tea-extract (GTE) constituents possess antiangiogenesis properties. We used VEGF to induce human umbilical-vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and applied GTE, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and mixtures of different compositions of purified catechins (M1 and M2) to evaluate their efficacies of inhibition and their underlying mechanisms using cell-cycle analysis and untargeted metabolomics techniques. GTE, EGCG, M1, and M2 induced HUVEC apoptosis by 22.1 ± 2, 20.0 ± 0.7, 50.7 ± 8.5, and 69.8 ± 4.1%, respectively. GTE exerted a broad, balanced metabolomics spectrum, involving suppression of the biosynthesis of cellular building blocks and oxidative-phosphorylation metabolites as well as promotion of the biosynthesis of membrane lipids and growth factors. M2 mainly induced mechanisms associated with energy and biosynthesis suppression. Therefore, GTE exerted mechanisms involving both promotion and suppression activities, whereas purified catechins induced extensive apoptosis. GTE could be a more promising antineovascularization remedy for ocular treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Sun On Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Science , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital , Kowloon , Hong Kong
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14
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Maliene V, Dixon-Gough R, Malys N. Dispersion of relative importance values contributes to the ranking uncertainty: Sensitivity analysis of Multiple Criteria Decision-Making methods. Appl Soft Comput 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.asoc.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Gene dosage effects in yeast support broader roles for the LOG1, HAM1 and DUT1 genes in detoxification of nucleotide analogues. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196840. [PMID: 29738539 PMCID: PMC5940212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine and pyrimidine analogues have important uses in chemotherapies against cancer, and a better understanding of the mechanisms that cause resistance to these drugs is therefore of importance in cancer treatment. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, overexpression of the HAM1 gene encoding inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase confers resistance to both the purine analogue 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) and the pyrimidine analogue 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (Carlsson et al., 2013, PLoS One 8, e52094). To find out more about the mechanisms of resistance to nucleotide analogues, and possible interdependencies between purine and pyrimidine analogue resistance mechanisms, we screened a plasmid library in yeast for genes that confer HAP resistance when overexpressed. We cloned four such genes: ADE4, DUT1, APT2, and ATR1. We further looked for genetic interactions between these genes and genes previously found to confer resistance to 5-FU. We found that HMS1, LOG1 (YJL055W), HAM1, and ATR1 confer resistance to both 5-FU and HAP, whereas ADE4, DUT1 and APT2 are specific for HAP resistance, and CPA1 and CPA2 specific for 5-FU resistance. Possible mechanisms for 5-FU and HAP detoxification are discussed based on the observed genetic interactions. Based on the effect of LOG1 against both 5-FU and HAP toxicity, we propose that the original function of the LOG (LONELY GUY) family of proteins likely was to degrade non-canonical nucleotides, and that their role in cytokinin production is a later development in some organisms.
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16
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Yu J, Zhang H, Li Y, Sun S, Gao J, Zhong Y, Sun D, Zhang G. Metabolomics revealed the toxicity of cationic liposomes in HepG2 cells using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS and multivariate data analysis. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 31. [PMID: 28664536 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Cationic liposomes (CLs) are novel nonviral vectors widely used for delivering drugs or genes. However, applications of CLs are largely hampered by their cytotoxicity, partly because the potential mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of CLs remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity induced by CLs on HepG2 cells. Differential metabolites were identified and quantified using ultra-liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS). The toxicity of CLs on HepG2 cells was evaluated by multivariate data analysis and statistics. Additionally, CCK-8 assay, heatmap, pathway and co-expression network were carried out to explore the relations between the metabolites and the pathways. The results showed a dose-dependent toxic effect of CLs on HepG2 cells, with an IC50 value of 119.9 μg/mL. Multivariate statistical analysis identified 42 potential metabolites between CLs exposure and control groups. Pathway analysis showed significant changes in pathways involving amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress in the CLs exposure group vs the control group. Metabolites related to the above-mentioned pathways included phenylalanine, methionine, creatine, oxalacetic acid, glutathione, oxidized glutathione, choline phosphate and several unsaturated fatty acids, indicating that cells were disturbed in amino acid metabolism, energy and lipid supply when CLs exposure-induced injury occurred. It is concluded that CLs may induce cytotoxicity by enhancing reactive oxygen species in vitro, affect the normal process of energy metabolism, disturb several vital signaling pathways and finally induce cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tong ji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqiang Zhong
- Second Military Medical University School of Pharmacy, Shanghai, China
| | - Duxin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Isolation and Analysis of Salt Response of Lactobacillusplantarum FS5-5 from Dajiang. Indian J Microbiol 2016; 56:451-460. [PMID: 27784942 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-016-0588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
From 15 samples of dajiang collected in northeast of China, three salt resistant lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified as Lactobacillusplantarum through physiological studies and 16S rDNA sequence alignment. L. plantarum FS5-5 showed better growth in an environment with 12 % (w/v) NaCl than the other two strains. The expression of proteins extracted from L.plantarum FS5-5 cultured in de Man, Rogosa, and Sharp (MRS) containing 0, 3, 6 and 9 % (w/v) NaCl was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results showed that 42 kinds of proteins were identified, which could be divided into three groups: 27 kinds of proteins related to protein synthesis and degradation, six kinds of proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism, nine proteins related to nucleic acid metabolism. Overexpression of these proteins imply that a series of changes have occurred in the process of protein synthesis and degradation, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism and nucleic acid metabolism after L.plantarum FS5-5 exposed to salt stress. All these proteins may have effects on the salt-tolerant characteristics of the L.plantarum FS5-5.
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18
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Han H, Xiao H, Lu Z. Short-term toxicity assessments of an antibiotic metabolite in Wistar rats and its metabonomics analysis by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 293:1-9. [PMID: 26780399 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
4-Epi-oxytetracycline (4-EOTC), one of main oxytetracycline (OTC) metabolites, can be commonly detected in food and environment. The toxicity and effects of OTC on animals have been well characterized; however, its metabolites have never been studied systemically. This study aims to investigate 15-day oral dose toxicity and urine metabonomics changes of 4-EOTC after repeated administration in Wistar rats at daily doses of 0.5, 5.0 and 50.0mg/kg bw (bodyweight). Hematology and clinical chemistry parameters, including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, total protein, globulin and albumin/globulin, were obviously altered in rats of 5.0 and 50.0mg/kg bw. Histopathology changes of kidney and liver tissues were also observed in high-dose groups. Urinary metabolites from all groups were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Seventeen metabolites contributing to the clusters were identified as potential biomarkers from multivariate analysis, including aminoadipic acid, 6-phosphogluconate, sebacic acid, pipecolic acid, etc. The significant changes of these biomarkers demonstrated metabonomic variations in treated rats, especially lysine and purine metabolism. For the first time in this paper, we combined the results of toxicity and metabonomics induced by 4-EOTC for the serious reconsideration of the safety and potential risks of antibiotics and its degradation metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxing Han
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hailong Xiao
- Hangzhou Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Zhenmei Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Sigma S-dependent antioxidant defense protects stationary-phase Escherichia coli against the bactericidal antibiotic gentamicin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:5964-75. [PMID: 25070093 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03683-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stationary-phase bacteria are important in disease. The σ(s)-regulated general stress response helps them become resistant to disinfectants, but the role of σ(s) in bacterial antibiotic resistance has not been elucidated. Loss of σ(s) rendered stationary-phase Escherichia coli more sensitive to the bactericidal antibiotic gentamicin (Gm), and proteomic analysis suggested involvement of a weakened antioxidant defense. Use of the psfiA genetic reporter, 3'-(p-hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein (HPF) dye, and Amplex Red showed that Gm generated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mutant. HPF measurements can be distorted by cell elongation, but Gm did not affect stationary-phase cell dimensions. Coadministration of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) decreased drug lethality particularly in the mutant, as did Gm treatment under anaerobic conditions that prevent ROS formation. Greater oxidative stress, due to insufficient quenching of endogenous ROS and/or respiration-linked electron leakage, therefore contributed to the greater sensitivity of the mutant; infection by a uropathogenic strain in mice showed this to be the case also in vivo. Disruption of antioxidant defense by eliminating the quencher proteins, SodA/SodB and KatE/SodA, or the pentose phosphate pathway proteins, Zwf/Gnd and TalA, which provide NADPH for ROS decomposition, also generated greater oxidative stress and killing by Gm. Thus, besides its established mode of action, Gm also kills stationary-phase bacteria by generating oxidative stress, and targeting the antioxidant defense of E. coli can enhance its efficacy. Relevant aspects of the current controversy on the role of ROS in killing by bactericidal drugs of exponential-phase bacteria, which represent a different physiological state, are discussed.
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20
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Carlsson M, Gustavsson M, Hu GZ, Murén E, Ronne H. A Ham1p-dependent mechanism and modulation of the pyrimidine biosynthetic pathway can both confer resistance to 5-fluorouracil in yeast. PLoS One 2013; 8:e52094. [PMID: 24124444 PMCID: PMC3792807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is an anticancer drug and pyrimidine analogue. A problem in 5-FU therapy is acquired resistance to the drug. To find out more about the mechanisms of resistance, we screened a plasmid library in yeast for genes that confer 5-FU resistance when overexpressed. We cloned five genes: CPA1, CPA2, HMS1, HAM1 and YJL055W. CPA1 and CPA2 encode a carbamoyl phosphate synthase involved in arginine biosynthesis and HMS1 a helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Our results suggest that CPA1, CPA2, and HMS1 confer 5-FU resistance by stimulating pyrimidine biosynthesis. Thus, they are unable to confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and inhibit the uptake and incorporation into RNA of both uracil and 5-FU. In contrast, HAM1 and YJL055W confer 5-FU resistance in a ura2 mutant, and selectively inhibit incorporation into RNA of 5-FU but not uracil. HAM1 is the strongest resistance gene, but it partially depends on YJL055W for its function. This suggests that HAM1 and YJL055W function together in mediating resistance to 5-FU. Ham1p encodes an inosine triphosphate pyrophosphatase that has been implicated in resistance to purine analogues. Our results suggest that Ham1p could have a broader specificity that includes 5-FUTP and other pyrimidine analogoue triphosphates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Carlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marie Gustavsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Guo-Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eva Murén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Ronne
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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