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Saka N, Nishio M, Ohta K. Human parainfluenza virus type 2 V protein inhibits mitochondrial apoptosis pathway through two ways. Virology 2024; 594:110053. [PMID: 38492518 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Paramyxoviruses are reported to block apoptosis for their replication, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis by paramyxoviruses has been hardly reported. We investigated whether and how human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) counteracts apoptosis. Infection of recombinant hPIV-2 carrying mutated V protein showed higher caspase 3/7 activity and higher cytochrome c release from mitochondria than wild type hPIV-2 infection. This indicates that V protein controls mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. hPIV-2 V protein interacted with Bad, an apoptotic promoting protein, and this interaction inhibited the binding of Bad to Bcl-XL. V protein also bound to 14-3-3ε, which was essential for inhibition of 14-3-3ε cleavage. Our data collectively suggest that hPIV-2 V protein has two means of preventing mitochondrial apoptosis pathway: the inhibition of Bad-Bcl-XL interaction and the suppression of 14-3-3ε cleavage. This is the first report of the mechanisms behind how paramyxoviruses modulate mitochondrial apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Saka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Machiko Nishio
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.
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2
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Caproni A, Nordi C, Fontana R, Facchini M, Melija S, Pappadà M, Buratto M, Marconi P. Herpes Simplex Virus ICP27 Protein Inhibits AIM 2-Dependent Inflammasome Influencing Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines Release in Human Pigment Epithelial Cells (hTert-RPE 1). Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4608. [PMID: 38731826 PMCID: PMC11083950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has been deeply studied, significant gaps remain in the fundamental understanding of HSV-host interactions: our work focused on studying the Infected Cell Protein 27 (ICP27) as an inhibitor of the Absent-in-melanoma-2 (AIM 2) inflammasome pathway, leading to reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines that influence the activation of a protective innate immune response to infection. To assess the inhibition of the inflammasome by the ICP27, hTert-immortalized Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells (hTert-RPE 1) infected with HSV-1 wild type were compared to HSV-1 lacking functional ICP27 (HSV-1∆ICP27) infected cells. The activation of the inflammasome by HSV-1∆ICP27 was demonstrated by quantifying the gene and protein expression of the inflammasome constituents using real-time PCR and Western blot. The detection of the cleavage of the pro-caspase-1 into the active form was performed by using a bioluminescent assay, while the quantification of interleukins 1β (IL-1β) and 18 (IL-18)released in the supernatant was quantified using an ELISA assay. The data showed that the presence of the ICP27 expressed by HSV-1 induces, in contrast to HSV-1∆ICP27 vector, a significant downregulation of AIM 2 inflammasome constituent proteins and, consequently, the release of pro-inflammatory interleukins into the extracellular environment reducing an effective response in counteracting infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caproni
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Chiara Nordi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Riccardo Fontana
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Martina Facchini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Sara Melija
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Mariangela Pappadà
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Mattia Buratto
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
| | - Peggy Marconi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (A.C.); (C.N.); (R.F.); (M.F.); (S.M.); (M.P.); (M.B.)
- LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Technopole of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Zhou Q, Shi D, Tang YD, Zhang L, Hu B, Zheng C, Huang L, Weng C. Pseudorabies virus gM and its homologous proteins in herpesviruses induce mitochondria-related apoptosis involved in viral pathogenicity. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012146. [PMID: 38669242 PMCID: PMC11051632 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical host antiviral defense mechanism. But many viruses have evolved multiple strategies to manipulate apoptosis and escape host antiviral immune responses. Herpesvirus infection regulated apoptosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. Hence, the present study aimed to study the relationship between herpesvirus infection and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo using the pseudorabies virus (PRV) as the model virus. We found that mitochondria-dependent apoptosis was induced by PRV gM, a late protein encoded by PRV UL10, a virulence-related gene involved in enhancing PRV pathogenicity. Mechanistically, gM competitively combines with BCL-XL to disrupt the BCL-XL-BAK complex, resulting in BCL-2-antagonistic killer (BAK) oligomerization and BCL-2-associated X (BAX) activation, which destroys the mitochondrial membrane potential and activates caspase-3/7 to trigger apoptosis. Interestingly, similar apoptotic mechanisms were observed in other herpesviruses (Herpes Simplex Virus-1 [HSV-1], human cytomegalovirus [HCMV], Equine herpesvirus-1 [EHV-1], and varicella-zoster virus [VZV]) driven by PRV gM homologs. Compared with their parental viruses, the pathogenicity of PRV-ΔUL10 or HSV-1-ΔUL10 in mice was reduced with lower apoptosis and viral replication, illustrating that UL10 is a key virulence-related gene in PRV and HSV-1. Consistently, caspase-3 deletion also diminished the replication and pathogenicity of PRV and HSV-1 in vitro and in mice, suggesting that caspase-3-mediated apoptosis is closely related to the replication and pathogenicity of PRV and HSV-1. Overall, our findings firstly reveal the mechanism by which PRV gM and its homologs in several herpesviruses regulate apoptosis to enhance the viral replication and pathogenicity, and the relationship between gM-mediated apoptosis and herpesvirus pathogenicity suggests a promising approach for developing attenuated live vaccines and therapy for herpesvirus-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongqiong Zhou
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Deshi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan-Dong Tang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Longfeng Zhang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Boli Hu
- MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Virology, Zhejiang University Center for Veterinary Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunfu Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infection Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Li Huang
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changjiang Weng
- Division of Fundamental Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Bian C, Ji S, Xue R, Zhou L, Sun J, Ji H. Molecular cloning and characterization of BNIP3 and NIX1/2 and their role in DHA-induced mitophagy and apoptosis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) adipocytes. Gene 2024; 899:148140. [PMID: 38185291 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma-2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and BNIP3 like (BNIP3L or NIX) play a vital role in regulating mitophagy and the intrinsic apoptosis in mammals, but their gene characterizations remain unclear in fish. Herein, bnip3, nix1 and nix2 were isolated and characterized from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), which encode peptides of 194, 233 and 222 amino acids, respectively. As typical BH3-only proteins, grass carp BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 proteins contain BH3 and C-terminal transmembrane domains for inducing apoptosis. Moreover, the LC3-interacting region motif of BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 is also conserved in grass carp. Phylogenetic analyses also demonstrated that nix1 and nix2 may have originated from the genome duplication event. Expression pattern analysis indicated that bnip3, nix1 and nix2 were highest expressed in brain, followed by eye (bnip3) and liver (nix1 and nix2). BNIP3, NIX1 and NIX2 localized to the nucleus and the cytoplasm, with a predominant localization to mitochondria within the cytoplasm. In the present study, we found that 200 μM DHA impaired the mitochondrial function, manifested as the decreased antioxidant ability, cellular ATP content and mitochondrial membrane potential in grass carp adipocytes. In addition, the gene expression and enzyme activities of caspase family were significantly increased in 200 μM DHA group, indicating that adipocyte apoptosis was induced. Meanwhile, DHA increased the gene expression of bnip3, nix1 and nix2 in a dose-dependent manner in grass carp adipocytes. The colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes was promoted by 200 μM DHA treatment, implying that BNIP3/NIX-related mitophagy was activated in adipocytes. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that BNIP3/NIX-related mitophagy may be involved in the adipocyte apoptosis induced by DHA in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Bian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shanghong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rongrong Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Ji W, Zhang L, Ma C, Xu X, Li S, Xia H, Zhou W, Liu X. Newly synthesized AIFM1 determines the hypersensitivity of T lymphocytes to STING activation-induced cell apoptosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112327. [PMID: 37000625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
STING is a well-known signaling adaptor essential for sensing cytosolic dsDNA to produce type I interferon. Although the detailed underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic, recent studies show that STING activation can lead to T lymphocyte apoptosis. Here, we report that AIFM1 facilitates STING activation-induced cell apoptosis in T lymphocytes. Mechanistically, AIFM1 is upregulated after STING activation in T cells but not in HEK293T-STING and THP-1 cells, rendering T cells more sensitive to apoptosis. In contrast to the canonical role of AIFM1 in the caspase-independent parthanatos, the function of AIFM1 is operated by the formation of an AIFM1/IRF3/BAX complex and mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, which cause cytochrome c release and caspase activation. Furthermore, supplementation with newly synthesized AIFM1 can reconstitute STING activation-induced cell apoptosis in HEK293T-STING and THP-1 cells. Our study identifies AIFM1 as a key regulating factor determining the hypersensitivity of T lymphocytes to STING activation-induced cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Joint National Laboratory for Antibody Drug Engineering, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Lianfei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Chengxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nankai University Second People's Hospital, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weihong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xinqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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Ahmed S, van Zalm P, Rudmann EA, Leone M, Keller K, Branda JA, Steen J, Mukerji SS, Steen H. Using CSF Proteomics to Investigate Herpesvirus Infections of the Central Nervous System. Viruses 2022; 14:2757. [PMID: 36560759 PMCID: PMC9780940 DOI: 10.3390/v14122757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses have complex mechanisms enabling infection of the human CNS and evasion of the immune system, allowing for indefinite latency in the host. Herpesvirus infections can cause severe complications of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we provide a novel characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomes from patients with meningitis or encephalitis caused by human herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which is the most prevalent human herpesvirus associated with the most severe morbidity. The CSF proteome was compared with those from patients with meningitis or encephalitis due to human herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) or varicella-zoster virus (VZV, also known as human herpesvirus 3) infections. Virus-specific differences in CSF proteomes, most notably elevated 14-3-3 family proteins and calprotectin (i.e., S100-A8 and S100-A9), were observed in HSV-1 compared to HSV-2 and VZV samples, while metabolic pathways related to cellular and small molecule metabolism were downregulated in HSV-1 infection. Our analyses show the feasibility of developing CNS proteomic signatures of the host response in alpha herpes infections, which is paramount for targeted studies investigating the pathophysiology driving virus-associated neurological disorders, developing biomarkers of morbidity, and generating personalized therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Ahmed
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick van Zalm
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Emily A. Rudmann
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Leone
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kiana Keller
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John A. Branda
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Judith Steen
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shibani S. Mukerji
- Neuroimmunology and Neuro-Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hanno Steen
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Precision Vaccines Program and Neurobiology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Marino-Merlo F, Klett A, Papaianni E, Drago SFA, Macchi B, Rincón MG, Andreola F, Serafino A, Grelli S, Mastino A, Borner C. Caspase-8 is required for HSV-1-induced apoptosis and promotes effective viral particle release via autophagy inhibition. Cell Death Differ 2022; 30:885-896. [PMID: 36418547 PMCID: PMC10070401 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractRegulated cell death (RCD) plays an important role in the progression of viral replication and particle release in cells infected by herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). However, the kind of RCD (apoptosis, necroptosis, others) and the resulting cytopathic effect of HSV-1 depends on the cell type and the species. In this study, we further investigated the molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by HSV-1. Although a role of caspase-8 has previously been suggested, we now clearly show that caspase-8 is required for HSV-1-induced apoptosis in a FADD-/death receptor-independent manner in both mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and human monocytes (U937). While wild-type (wt) MEFs and U937 cells exhibited increased caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation and apoptosis after HSV-1 infection, respective caspase-8-deficient (caspase-8−/−) cells were largely impeded in any of these effects. Unexpectedly, caspase-8−/− MEF and U937 cells also showed less virus particle release associated with increased autophagy as evidenced by higher Beclin-1 and lower p62/SQSTM1 levels and increased LC3-I to LC3-II conversion. Confocal and electron microscopy revealed that HSV-1 stimulated a strong perinuclear multivesicular body response, resembling increased autophagy in caspase-8−/− cells, entrapping virions in cellular endosomes. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy by wortmannin restored the ability of caspase-8−/− cells to release viral particles in similar amounts as in wt cells. Altogether our results support a non-canonical role of caspase-8 in both HSV-1-induced apoptosis and viral particle release through autophagic regulation.
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Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb Extract Inhibits HSV-1 Infection by Regulating ER Stress and Apoptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091773. [PMID: 36139847 PMCID: PMC9495922 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex Type 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus that infects the peripheral and central nervous system. Usually, after primary infection in epithelial cells, HSV-1 migrates retrograde to the peripheral nervous system (PNS), where it establishes a latent infection. HSV-1 can remain latent in the nervous system, and its reactivation in the brain can rarely cause acute HSV-1 encephalitis, often a life-threatening condition, or asymptomatic reactivations that could lead to neuronal damage and ultimately neurodegenerative disorders. Acyclovir and related nucleoside analogs have been used as therapeutic agents for HSV-1 infection, but resistance to the drug can arise, and the protective effect of HSV-1 on brain cells is limited. Therefore, there is an urgent need for research into safe and effective new antiviral agents that can protect brain cells from the damage that is caused by HSV-1 infection. Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. (VBT) is widely distributed in Korea and China, and has pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity. Studies on the antiviral effect of VBT on HSV-1 infection have not been reported so far. Therefore, we sought to determine the HSV-1 antiviral effect and molecular mechanism of VBT at the cellular level. We confirmed that VBT repressed the VP16 and IE genes in both Vero and SK-N-SH cells. We also found that the generation of HSV-1 virions was inhibited by VBT treatment. VBT inhibited the activities of the HSV-1-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors PERK, ATF4, and CHOP. We confirmed that VBT inhibited the activity of apoptosis factors by regulating the expression of death receptor (DR) after HSV-1 infection. As HSV-1 is closely associated with brain diseases, the study of the antiviral drug effects and mechanism of VBT is meaningful. Further studies using animal models of infection will also be performed to determine the potential of VBT as an antiviral agent.
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Nahas KL, Connor V, Scherer KM, Kaminski CF, Harkiolaki M, Crump CM, Graham SC. Near-native state imaging by cryo-soft-X-ray tomography reveals remodelling of multiple cellular organelles during HSV-1 infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010629. [PMID: 35797345 PMCID: PMC9262197 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a large, enveloped DNA virus and its assembly in the cell is a complex multi-step process during which viral particles interact with numerous cellular compartments such as the nucleus and organelles of the secretory pathway. Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy are commonly used to study HSV-1 infection. However, 2D imaging limits our understanding of the 3D geometric changes to cellular compartments that accompany infection and sample processing can introduce morphological artefacts that complicate interpretation. In this study, we used soft X-ray tomography to observe differences in whole-cell architecture between HSV-1 infected and uninfected cells. To protect the near-native structure of cellular compartments we used a non-disruptive sample preparation technique involving rapid cryopreservation, and a fluorescent reporter virus was used to facilitate correlation of structural changes with the stage of infection in individual cells. We observed viral capsids and assembly intermediates interacting with nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes. Additionally, we observed differences in the morphology of specific organelles between uninfected and infected cells. The local concentration of cytoplasmic vesicles at the juxtanuclear compartment increased and their mean width decreased as infection proceeded, and lipid droplets transiently increased in size. Furthermore, mitochondria in infected cells were elongated and highly branched, suggesting that HSV-1 infection alters the dynamics of mitochondrial fission/fusion. Our results demonstrate that high-resolution 3D images of cellular compartments can be captured in a near-native state using soft X-ray tomography and have revealed that infection causes striking changes to the morphology of intracellular organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal L. Nahas
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - Viv Connor
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina M. Scherer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clemens F. Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Colin M. Crump
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C. Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Tianji L, Dingbang H, Xiao C, Xiaojing M, Fei Z, Bin W. Methylmercury induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization through JNK-activated Bax lysosomal translocation in neuronal cells. Toxicol Lett 2022; 357:73-83. [PMID: 34999165 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
MeHg, an environmental toxicant, is highly toxic to the central nervous system. Recent studies have reported that LMP is an important way in the lysosomal damage. However, the role and molecular mechanism of LMP in MeHg-induced neurotoxicity remain unknown. To study MeHg-induced LMP, we used 10μM MeHg to treat SH-SY5Y cells and 2μM MeHg to treat rat cerebral cortical neurons. Acridine orange (AO) staining and analysis of cathepsin B (CTSB) release were used to determine LMP. We found that MeHg reduced red AO fluorescence and induced CTSB release from lysosomes to the cytoplasm in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, pretreatment with the CTSB inhibitor alleviated cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. These results indicate MeHg induces LMP and subsequent CTSB-dependent cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. Bax is a pore-forming protein, which is involved in mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization. Intriguingly, we demonstrated that MeHg induced Bax to translocate to lysosomes by using immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions. Furthermore, downregulating Bax expression suppressed MeHg-induced LMP. Bax subcellular localization is regulated by protein interaction with the cytoplasmic 14-3-3. Our previous study demonstrated that JNK participated in neurotoxicity through regulating protein interaction. In the current study, we showed that JNK dissociated Bax-14-3-3 complex to facilitate Bax lysosomal translocation. Finally, inhibition of the JNK/Bax pathway could alleviate MeHg-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal cells. The present study implies that inhibiting lysosomal damage (LMP)-related signaling might alleviate MeHg neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tianji
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huang Dingbang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Meng Xiaojing
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zou Fei
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Wang Bin
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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11
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Boonyoung G, Panrat T, Phongdara A, Wanna W. Evaluation of the relationship between the 14-3-3ε protein and LvRab11 in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during WSSV infection. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19188. [PMID: 34584112 PMCID: PMC8478922 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97828-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins interact with a wide variety of cellular proteins for many diverse functions in biological processes. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid assay revealed that two 14-3-3ε isoforms (14-3-3ES and 14-3-3EL) interacted with Rab11 in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (LvRab11). The interaction of 14-3-3ε and LvRab11 was confirmed by a GST pull-down assay. The LvRab11 open reading frame was 645 bp long, encoding a protein of 214 amino acids. Possible complexes of 14-3-3ε isoforms and LvRab11 were elucidated by in silico analysis, in which LvRab11 showed a better binding energy score with 14-3-3EL than with 14-3-3ES. In shrimp challenged with the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), the mRNA expression levels of LvRab11 and 14-3-3ε were significantly upregulated at 48 h after challenge. To determine whether LvRab11 and binding between 14-3-3ε and LvRab11 are active against WSSV infection, an in vivo neutralization assay and RNA interference were performed. The results of in vivo neutralization showed that LvRab11 and complexes of 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 delayed mortality in shrimp challenged with WSSV. Interestingly, in the RNAi experiments, the silencing effect of LvRab11 in WSSV-infected shrimp resulted in decreased ie-1 mRNA expression and WSSV copy number. Whereas suppression of complex 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 increased WSSV replication. This study has suggested two functions of LvRab11 in shrimp innate immunity; (1) at the early stage of WSSV infection, LvRab11 might play an important role in WSSV infection processes and (2) at the late stage of infection, the 14-3-3ε/LvRab11 interaction acquires functions that are involved in immune response against WSSV invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guson Boonyoung
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Tanate Panrat
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Prince of Songkla University International College, Hat Yai Campus, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Amornrat Phongdara
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Warapond Wanna
- grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Division of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand ,grid.7130.50000 0004 0470 1162Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
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12
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Nathan KG, Lal SK. The Multifarious Role of 14-3-3 Family of Proteins in Viral Replication. Viruses 2020; 12:E436. [PMID: 32294919 PMCID: PMC7232403 DOI: 10.3390/v12040436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 proteins are a family of ubiquitous and exclusively eukaryotic proteins with an astoundingly significant number of binding partners. Their binding alters the activity, stability, localization, and phosphorylation state of a target protein. The association of 14-3-3 proteins with the regulation of a wide range of general and specific signaling pathways suggests their crucial role in health and disease. Recent studies have linked 14-3-3 to several RNA and DNA viruses that may contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of infections. Therefore, comprehensive knowledge of host-virus interactions is vital for understanding the viral life cycle and developing effective therapeutic strategies. Moreover, pharmaceutical research is already moving towards targeting host proteins in the control of virus pathogenesis. As such, targeting the right host protein to interrupt host-virus interactions could be an effective therapeutic strategy. In this review, we generated a 14-3-3 protein interactions roadmap in viruses, using the freely available Virusmentha network, an online virus-virus or virus-host interaction tool. Furthermore, we summarize the role of the 14-3-3 family in RNA and DNA viruses. The participation of 14-3-3 in viral infections underlines its significance as a key regulator for the expression of host and viral proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Ganesan Nathan
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Sunil K. Lal
- School of Science, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia;
- Tropical Medicine & Biology Platform, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
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13
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Wongchitrat P, Samutpong A, Lerdsamran H, Prasertsopon J, Yasawong M, Govitrapong P, Puthavathana P, Kitidee K. Elevation of Cleaved p18 Bax Levels Associated with the Kinetics of Neuronal Cell Death during Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205016. [PMID: 31658698 PMCID: PMC6834179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) infection induces uncontrolled neuronal apoptosis, leading to irreversible brain damage. However, the mechanism of JEV-induced neuronal apoptosis has not been clearly elucidated. This study aimed to investigate both virus replication and neuronal cell apoptosis during JEV infection in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. As a result, the kinetic productions of new viral progeny were time- and dose-dependent. The stimulation of SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis was dependent on the multiplicity of infections (MOIs) and infection periods, particularly during the late period of infection. Interestingly, we observed that of full-length Bax (p21 Bax) level started to decrease, which corresponded to the increased level of its cleaved form (p18 Bax). The formation of p18 Bax resulting in cytochrome c release into the cytosol appeared to correlate with JEV-induced apoptotic cell death together with the activation of caspase-3/7 activity, especially during the late stage of a robust viral infection. Therefore, our results suggest another possible mechanism of JEV-induced apoptotic cell death via the induction of the proteolysis of endogenous p21 Bax to generate p18 Bax. This finding could be a new avenue to facilitate novel drug discovery for the further development of therapeutic treatments that could relieve neuronal damage from JEV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Arisara Samutpong
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Hatairat Lerdsamran
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Jarunee Prasertsopon
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Montri Yasawong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Pilaipan Puthavathana
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
| | - Kuntida Kitidee
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand.
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14
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Yang Y, Cong H, Du N, Han X, Song L, Zhang W, Li C, Tien P. Mitochondria Redistribution in Enterovirus A71 Infected Cells and Its Effect on Virus Replication. Virol Sin 2019; 34:397-411. [PMID: 31069716 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-019-00120-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is one of the main causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and it also causes severe neurologic complications in infected children. The interactions between some viruses and the host mitochondria are crucial for virus replication and pathogenicity. In this study, it was observed that EV-A71 infection resulted in a perinuclear redistribution of the mitochondria. The mitochondria rearrangement was found to require the microtubule network, the dynein complex and a low cytosolic calcium concentration. Subsequently, the EV-A71 non-structural protein 2BC was identified as the viral protein capable of inducing mitochondria clustering. The protein was found localized on mitochondria and interacted with the mitochondrial Rho GTPase 1 (RHOT1) that is a key protein required for attachment between the mitochondria and the motor proteins, which are responsible for the control of mitochondria movement. Additionally, suppressing mitochondria clustering by treating cells with nocodazole, EHNA, thapsigargin or A23187 consistently inhibited EV-A71 replication, indicating that mitochondria recruitment played a crucial role in the EV-A71 life cycle. This study identified a novel function of the EV-A71 2BC protein and provided a potential model for the regulation of mitochondrial motility in EV-A71 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haolong Cong
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ning Du
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, Hohhot, 010018, China
| | - Lei Song
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Po Tien
- Center for Molecular Virology, CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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15
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Cao S, Cong F, Tan M, Ding G, Liu J, Li L, Zhao Y, Liu S, Xiao Y. 14-3-3ε acts as a proviral factor in highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection. Vet Res 2019; 50:16. [PMID: 30819256 PMCID: PMC6394020 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) emerged in 2006 in China and caused great economic losses for the swine industry because of the lack of an effective vaccine. 14-3-3 proteins are generating significant interest as potential drug targets by allowing the targeting of specific pathways to elicit therapeutic effects in human diseases. In a previous study, 14-3-3s were identified to interact with non-structural protein 2 (NSP2) of PRRSV. In the present study, the specific subtype 14-3-3ε was confirmed to interact with NSP2 and play a role in the replication of the HP-PRRSV TA-12 strain. Knockdown of 14-3-3ε in Marc-145 cells and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) caused a significant decrease in TA-12 replication, while stable overexpression of 14-3-3ε caused a significant increase in the replication of TA-12 and low pathogenic PRRSV (LP-PRRSV) CH-1R. The 14-3-3 inhibitor difopein also decreased TA-12 and CH-1R replication in Marc-145 cells and PAMs. These findings are consistent with 14-3-3ε acting as a proviral factor and suggest that 14-3-3ε siRNA and difopein are therapeutic candidates against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengliang Cao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Fangyuan Cong
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Guofei Ding
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yuzhong Zhao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Sidang Liu
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yihong Xiao
- Department of Fundamental Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China. .,Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.
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16
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Zhao C, Wang M, Cheng A, Yang Q, Wu Y, Zhu D, Chen S, Liu M, Zhao X, Jia R, Sun K, Chen X. Programmed cell death: the battlefield between the host and alpha-herpesviruses and a potential avenue for cancer treatment. Oncotarget 2018; 9:30704-30719. [PMID: 30093980 PMCID: PMC6078129 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Programed cell death is an antiviral mechanism by which the host limits viral replication and protects uninfected cells. Many viruses encode proteins resistant to programed cell death to escape the host immune defenses, which indicates that programed cell death is more favorable for the host immune defense. Alpha-herpesviruses are pathogens that widely affect the health of humans and animals in different communities worldwide. Alpha-herpesviruses can induce apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis through different molecular mechanisms. This review concisely illustrates the different pathways of apoptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis induced by alpha-herpesviruses. These pathways influence viral infection and replication and are a potential avenue for cancer treatment. This review will increase our understanding of the role of programed cell death in the host immune defense and provides new possibilities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankuo Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Wang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Anchun Cheng
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Ying Wu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Dekang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Shun Chen
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Mafeng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - XinXin Zhao
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Renyong Jia
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Kunfeng Sun
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyue Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China.,Avian Disease Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu City 611130, Sichuan, P.R. China
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17
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Li L, Zhong Y, Ma Z, Yang C, Wei H, Chen L, Li C, Wu D, Rong MZ, Li Y. Methyl ferulic acid exerts anti-apoptotic effects on L-02 cells via the ROS-mediated signaling pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:225-236. [PMID: 29749464 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the anti-apoptotic effects of methyl ferulic acid (MFA) on L-02 cell apoptosis induced by ethanol, and to elucidate the possible underlying mechanisms. L-02 cells were examined after being soaked in ethanol (400 mM) to allow the ethanol to permeate into the cells for 24 h. Cell survival was measured by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was assessed by both flow cytometry and single-stranded DNA assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate dye. The protein expression levels of p38, p-p38, JNK, p-JNK, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), p22, Bax and Bcl-2 were measured by western blot analysis. The mRNA expression levels of NOX4 and p22 were measured by RT-PCR. It was identified that MFA markedly suppressed the ethanol-induced apoptosis and necrosis of L-02 cells. In addition, MFA decreased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase and phospholipid hydroperoxide gluthione peroxidase, and downregulated the levels of Bax/Bcl-2 and the cleaved forms of caspase-3 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. This indicated that MFA attenuated the apoptosis of L-02 cells. MFA also decreased the elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of Nox4 and p22phox, and the production of intracellular ROS triggered by ethanol. Further analysis demonstrated that MFA significantly attenuated the phosphorylation of JNK and p38, which are major components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. On the whole, the findings of this study demonstrated that MFA attenuated the apoptotic cell death of L-02 cells by reducing the generation of ROS and inactivating the MAPK pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yujuan Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Zuheng Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 76, Sweden
| | - Chengfang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Hanning Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Li Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Ming Zhi Rong
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
| | - Yongwen Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, P.R. China
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18
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Chitosan oligosaccharide ameliorates acute lung injury induced by blast injury through the DDAH1/ADMA pathway. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192135. [PMID: 29415054 PMCID: PMC5802901 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the protective effect of chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) on acute lung injury (ALI) caused by blast injury, and explore possible molecular mechanisms. Methods A mouse model of blast injury-induced ALI was established using a self-made explosive device. Thirty mice were randomly assigned to control, ALI and ALI + COS groups. An eight-channel physiological monitor was used to determine the mouse physiological index. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum inflammatory factors. Hematoxylin-eosin staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay, immunofluorescence staining, real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to detect inflammatory reactions, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Results Mice were sacrificed 24 hours after successful model induction. Compared with the ALI group, the heart rate, respiration and PCO2 were significantly lower, but the PO2, TCO2 and HCO3- were significantly higher in the ALI + COS group. Compared to ALI alone, COS treatment of ALI caused a significant decrease in the wet/dry lung weight ratio, indicating a reduction in lung edema, inflammatory cell infiltration, levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6 and nuclear factor kappa B mRNA and protein expression were reduced and IL-10 mRNA and protein expression was increased (P < 0.05). COS significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species, MDA5 and IREα mRNA and protein expressions, cell apoptosis and Bax and Caspase-3 mRNA and protein expressions, and significantly increased superoxide dismutase-1 mRNA expression, and Bcl-2 and Caspase-8 mRNA and protein expression (all P<0.05). COS significantly increased dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) protein expression, and reduced ADMA and p38 protein expression (P< 0.05). Conclusion Blast injury causes inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in the lung tissues of mice. COS has protective effects on blast injury-induced ALI, possibly by promoting DDAH1 expression and inhibiting ADMA and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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