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Cha YJ, Koo JS. Expression of EMP 1, 2, and 3 in Adrenal Cortical Neoplasm and Pheochromocytoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13016. [PMID: 37629198 PMCID: PMC10455306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the expression of the epithelial membrane proteins (EMP) 1, 2, and 3 in adrenal gland neoplasm and to explore the broader implications of this. Tissue microarrays were constructed for 132 cases of adrenal cortical neoplasms (ACN) (adrenal cortical adenoma (115 cases), and carcinoma (17 cases)) and 189 cases of pheochromocytoma. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to identify EMP 1, 2, and 3, and was compared with clinicopathological parameters. The H-score of EMP 3 (p < 0.001) was higher in pheochromocytoma when compared to that of ACN, and the H-score of EMP 1 (p < 0.001) and EMP 3 (p < 0.001) was higher in adrenal cortical carcinomas when compared to that of adrenal cortical adenomas. A higher EMP 1 H-score was observed in pheochromocytomas with a GAPP score ≥3 (p = 0.018). In univariate analysis, high levels of EMP 1 and EMP 3 expression in ACN were associated with shorter overall survival (p = 0.001). Differences were observed in the expression of EMPs between ACN and pheochromocytoma. EMPs are associated with malignant tumor biology in adrenal cortical neoplasm and pheochromocytoma, suggesting the role of a prognostic and/or predictive factor for EMPs in adrenal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Republic of Korea;
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Lobular Breast Cancer: Histomorphology and Different Concepts of a Special Spectrum of Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153695. [PMID: 34359596 PMCID: PMC8345067 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is a special type of breast cancer (BC) that was first described in 1941. The diagnosis of ILC is made by microscopy of tumor specimens, which reveals a distinct morphology. This review recapitulates the developments in the microscopic assessment of ILC from 1941 until today. We discuss different concepts of ILC, provide an overview on ILC variants, and highlight advances which have contributed to a better understanding of ILC as a special histologic spectrum of tumors. Abstract Invasive lobular breast cancer (ILC) is the most common special histological type of breast cancer (BC). This review recapitulates developments in the histomorphologic assessment of ILC from its beginnings with the seminal work of Foote and Stewart, which was published in 1941, until today. We discuss different concepts of ILC and their implications. These concepts include (i) BC arising from mammary lobules, (ii) BC growing in dissociated cells and single files, and (iii) BC defined as a morpho-molecular spectrum of tumors with distinct histological and molecular characteristics related to impaired cell adhesion. This review also provides a comprehensive overview of ILC variants, their histomorphology, and differential diagnosis. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advances which have contributed to a better understanding of the histomorphology of ILC, such as the role of the basal lamina component laminin, the molecular specificities of triple-negative ILC, and E-cadherin to P-cadherin expression switching as the molecular determinant of tubular elements in CDH1-deficient ILC. Last but not least, we provide a detailed account of the tumor microenvironment in ILC, including tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels, which are comparatively low in ILC compared to other BCs, but correlate with clinical outcome. The distinct histomorphology of ILC clearly reflects a special tumor biology. In the clinic, special treatment strategies have been established for triple-negative, HER2-positive, and ER-positive BC. Treatment specialization for patients diagnosed with ILC is just in its beginnings. Accordingly, ILC deserves greater attention as a special tumor entity in BC diagnostics, patient care, and cancer research.
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Huang J, Zhang L, Wan D, Zhou L, Zheng S, Lin S, Qiao Y. Extracellular matrix and its therapeutic potential for cancer treatment. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:153. [PMID: 33888679 PMCID: PMC8062524 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is one of the major components of tumors that plays multiple crucial roles, including mechanical support, modulation of the microenvironment, and a source of signaling molecules. The quantity and cross-linking status of ECM components are major factors determining tissue stiffness. During tumorigenesis, the interplay between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) often results in the stiffness of the ECM, leading to aberrant mechanotransduction and further malignant transformation. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of ECM dysregulation in the TME would contribute to the discovery of promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Herein, we summarized the knowledge concerning the following: (1) major ECM constituents and their functions in both normal and malignant conditions; (2) the interplay between cancer cells and the ECM in the TME; (3) key receptors for mechanotransduction and their alteration during carcinogenesis; and (4) the current therapeutic strategies targeting aberrant ECM for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Huang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Dalong Wan
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shusen Zheng
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Shengzhang Lin
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
| | - Yiting Qiao
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, 310003, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Baset Z, Abdul-Ghafar J, Parpio YN, Haidary AM. Risk factors of breast cancer among patients in a tertiary care hospitals in Afghanistan: a case control study. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:71. [PMID: 33446123 PMCID: PMC7809825 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer is the second most common causes of women’s death, worldwide. Data on risk factors associated with female breast cancer in the Afghan population is very limited. The aim of our study was to identifying risk factor associated with female breast cancer in Afghanistan. Methods A retrospective case-control study was conducted with inclusion of 201 cases and 201 controls. Patient information was collected by interviewing the patient through a structured questionnaire. Histopathological information was collected from the hospital integrated laboratory management system. The data was analyzed by using logistic regression with univariate and multivariable analyses to determine the association between breast cancer and predictors. Results The results of the current study showed that factors such as: age (OR = 1.02; 95%CI: 0.99–1.04; p-0.148); age at menarche (OR = 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72–0.92; p-0.008); age at first baby (OR = 1.14; 95%CI: 1.07–1.20; p- < 0.001); illiteracy (OR = 1.93; 95%CI: 1.16–3.22; p-0.011); smoking (OR = 2.01; 95%CI: 1.01–3.99; p-0.04) and family history of cancer (OR = 1.98; 95%CI: 1.18–3.32; p-0.009) were significantly associated with breast cancer. However, our study did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation between breast cancer and some of the predictors that were previously highlighted in literature, such as: marital status, Body Mass Index (BMI), use of hormonal contraceptive, breastfeeding and exercise. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that age at menarche, and age at first baby birth, illiteracy, smoking and family history of cancer were significant risk factors associated with development of breast cancer among women in Afghanistan. Health education of women regarding aforementioned predisposing factors are therefore, expected to be valuable in decreasing the burden of breast cancer with reduction of its burden on the healthcare system in Afghanistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekrullah Baset
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan.
| | | | - Ahmed Maseh Haidary
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Laboratory, French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
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DDR1 and DDR2: a review on signaling pathway and small molecule inhibitors as an anticancer agent. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-020-02694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Cha YJ, Koo JS. Expression and Role of Epithelial Membrane Proteins in Tumorigenesis of Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. J Breast Cancer 2020; 23:385-397. [PMID: 32908789 PMCID: PMC7462814 DOI: 10.4048/jbc.2020.23.e42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies on the expression of epithelial membrane proteins (EMPs) in breast cancer have been rare and limited. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast, and investigate their clinical implications. METHODS In total, 418 IDC cases were collected, and specimens were used to construct a tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining of EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3 was performed and the results were analyzed in combination with the clinical data. RESULTS EMP1 was expressed in > 90% of all IDC subtypes. A decreased expression of EMP2 and EMP3 was observed in triple-negative breast cancer. EMP3 expression was independently associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positivity. HER2-negative cases exhibited a decreased EMP2 expression along with a higher histological grade and an increased proliferative index. No significant difference was found in the overall survival or disease-free survival based on the EMP expression. In HER2-negative breast cancer, EMP2 expression inversely correlated with the histological grade and proliferative index. CONCLUSION EMP2 may be involved in the early stage of tumor development in hormone-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jin Cha
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Seung Koo
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Wang J, Li X, Wu H, Wang H, Yao L, Deng Z, Zhou Y. EMP1 regulates cell proliferation, migration, and stemness in gliomas through PI3K-AKT signaling and CD44. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17142-17150. [PMID: 31111534 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an intracranial tumor; the feature is higher malignant and poorer prognosis. The search for therapeutic targets for gliomas has always been a focus of research in the field of neurology. The unusual expression of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) has been proved in most tumors. In our study, we determined the expression level of EMP1 expression in glioma tissues. There were higher levels of EMP1 in glioma tissues-particularly GBM tissues-than those in normal brain tissues. Then we discovered that silencing EMP1 inhibited glioma cell invasion and proliferation through inhibiting the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Subsequently, we investigated the function of EMP1 on glioma stem cells and found that it regulates the expression of CD44 in such cells to promote stemness. Taken together, the new strategies for the treatment of glioma may be provided by these finding, thereby improving the prognosis associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuetao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lin Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhitong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Youxin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Jing H, Song J, Zheng J. Discoidin domain receptor 1: New star in cancer-targeted therapy and its complex role in breast carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:3403-3408. [PMID: 29467865 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 1 (DDR1) is a receptor tyrosine kinase activated by various types of collagens that performs a critical role in cell attachment, migration, survival and proliferation. The functions of DDR1 in various types of tumor have been studied extensively. However, in breast carcinoma, the roles of collagen-evoked DDR1 remain ill defined. Although a number of studies have reported that DDR1 promotes apoptosis and inhibits migration in breast carcinoma, it has also been reported to be associated with tumor cell survival, chemoresistance to genotoxic drugs and the facilitation of invasion. The present review summarizes current progress and the complex effects of DDR1 in the field of breast carcinoma, and presents DDR1 as a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jing
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China.,Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
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Badowska-Kozakiewicz AM, Liszcz A, Sobol M, Patera J. Retrospective evaluation of histopathological examinations in invasive ductal breast cancer of no special type: an analysis of 691 patients. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1408-1415. [PMID: 29181072 PMCID: PMC5701672 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.53964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) is the most common type of breast cancer in women and accounts for about 80% of all breast cancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The material consisted of histological preparations derived from 691 patients treated for IDC-NST. RESULTS In our own study material, invasive ductal breast cancer of no special type accounted for more than 60% of cases, with the largest percentage of tumors being classified as G2 (53.96%) and G3 (28.98%). In terms of tumor size, the most common IDC-NST tumors were those of stage T1c (34.59%) and T2 (35.31%). The incidence of lymph node involvement was also assessed to reveal that no lymph node metastases were present in 45.44% of IDC-NST tumors. In the histopathological analysis of IDC-NST, significant statistical correlation was demonstrated between the presence of lymph node metastases and the histological malignancy grade (N0/G1-G3 p = 0.0103; N1A/G1-G3 p = 0.0498; N1B/G1-G3 p< 0.001; N3/G1-G3 p = 0.0027; N4/G1-G3 p < 0.001), between the presence of lymph node metastases and the tumor size (N0/T1-T4 p = 0.00295; N1B/T1-T4 p < 0.001; N2/T1-T4 p < 0.001; N2A/T1-T2 p < 0.001; N4/T1-T4 p < 0.001; Nx/T1-T4 p = 0.0447), as well as between the histological malignancy grade and the tumor size (G1/T1-T4 p < 0.001; G1/2/T1-T4 p < 0.001; G2/3/T1-T4 p < 0.0267). CONCLUSIONS Own research demonstrated that the most common histological type of breast cancer is invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST); statistically significant correlations were demonstrated in IDC-NST patients between the lymph node involvement status and the histological malignancy grade or tumor size as well as between the histological malignancy grade and the tumor size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Liszcz
- Student Scientific Group of Cancer Cell Biology, Department of Human Biophysics and Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Sobol
- Department of Human Biophysics and Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Janusz Patera
- Department of Pathomorphology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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Wang YW, Cheng HL, Ding YR, Chou LH, Chow NH. EMP1, EMP 2, and EMP3 as novel therapeutic targets in human cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1868:199-211. [PMID: 28408326 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial membrane protein genes 1, 2, and 3 (EMP1, EMP2, and EMP3) belong to the peripheral myelin protein 22-kDa (PMP22) gene family, which consists of at least seven members: PMP22, EMP1, EMP2, EMP3, PERP, brain cell membrane protein 1, and MP20. This review addresses the structural and functional features of EMPs, detailing their tissue distribution and functions in the human body, their expression pattern in a variety of tumors, and highlighting the underlying mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis. The implications in cancer biology, patient prognosis prediction, and potential application in disease therapy are discussed. For example, EMP1 was reported to be a biomarker of gefitinib resistance in lung cancer and contributes to prednisolone resistance in acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. EMP2 functions as an oncogene in human endometrial and ovarian cancers; however, characteristics of EMP2 in urothelial cancer fulfill the criteria of a suppressor gene. Of particular interest, EMP3 overexpression in breast cancer is significantly related to strong HER-2 expression. Co-expression of HER-2 and EMP3 is the most important indicator of progression-free and metastasis-free survival for patients with urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Altogether, discovery of pharmacological inhibitors and/or regulators of EMP protein activity could open novel strategies for enhanced therapy against EMP-mediated human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Wang
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ling Cheng
- National Cheng Kung University, College of Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Rou Ding
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Hsuan Chou
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nan-Haw Chow
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Fu D, Zuo Q, Huang Q, Su L, Ring HZ, Ring BZ. Molecular Classification of Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43265. [PMID: 28303886 PMCID: PMC5355990 DOI: 10.1038/srep43265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of breast tumors is complicated and diagnosis can be difficult. We present here a novel diagnostic model which we validate on both array-based and RNA sequencing platforms which reliably distinguishes this tumor type across multiple cohorts. We also examine how this molecular classification predicts sensitivity to common chemotherapeutics in cell-line based assays. A total of 1845 invasive breast cancer cases in six cohorts were collected, split into discovery and validation cohorts, and a classifier was created and compared to pathological diagnosis, grade and survival. In the validation cohorts the concordance of predicted diagnosis with a pathological diagnosis was 92%, and 97% when inconclusively classified cases were excluded. Tumor-derived cell lines were classified with the model as having predominantly ductal or lobular-like molecular physiologies, and sensitivity of these lines to relevant compounds was analyzed. A diagnostic tool can be created that reliably distinguishes lobular from ductal carcinoma and allows the classification of cell lines on the basis of molecular profiles associated with these tumor types. This tool may assist in improved diagnosis and aid in explorations of the response of lobular type breast tumor models to different compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denggang Fu
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qi Zuo
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Huijun Z. Ring
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Brian Z. Ring
- Institute of Genomic and Personalized Medicine, College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
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Liu G, Wu K, Sheng Y. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma by integrated miRNA and mRNA analysis. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:3005-3013. [PMID: 27599582 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the complex molecular mechanisms of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of ATC were systematically explored. A total of 55 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained from two mRNA expression datasets including 23 ATC samples and 24 paired normal samples. Gene expression levels of three randomly selected DEGs, VCAN, COL5A1 and KCNJ16, were examined using RT-PCR in 10 ATC samples. Notably, the ATC and normal samples were clearly classified into two groups based on their common DEGs. Moreover 23 common DEGs, such as TG, NKX2-1, KCNJ16 and CTHRC1, were predicted to be the potential targets of 17 identified miRNAs in ATC. Meanwhile, several miRNA target genes were associated with biological processes related to tumor progression such as angiogenesis, cell migration or growth and potassium channel regulation. In summary, the poor prognosis of ATC is possibly caused via complex biological processes. Firstly, angiogenesis was activated by the high expression of CTHRC1, VCAN and POSTN, providing necessary nutrition for tumor cells. Then tumor distant metastasis was induced via stimulation of cell migration and cell growth or regulation of cell-cell interaction. Moreover, intracellular potassium concentration changes promoted ATC progression indirectly. Hence, identification of these critical DEGs was valuable in understanding the molecular mechanisms of ATC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Kainan Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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Christgen M, Steinemann D, Kühnle E, Länger F, Gluz O, Harbeck N, Kreipe H. Lobular breast cancer: Clinical, molecular and morphological characteristics. Pathol Res Pract 2016; 212:583-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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McCart Reed AE, Kutasovic JR, Vargas AC, Jayanthan J, Al-Murrani A, Reid LE, Chambers R, Da Silva L, Melville L, Evans E, Porter A, Papadimos D, Thompson EW, Lakhani SR, Simpson PT. An epithelial to mesenchymal transition programme does not usually drive the phenotype of invasive lobular carcinomas. J Pathol 2016; 238:489-94. [PMID: 26510554 DOI: 10.1002/path.4668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular phenotype switching phenomenon which occurs during normal development and is proposed to promote tumour cell invasive capabilities during tumour progression. Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is a histological special type of breast cancer with a peculiar aetiology - the tumour cells display an invasive growth pattern, with detached, single cells or single files of cells, and a canonical feature is the loss of E-cadherin expression. These characteristics are indicative of an EMT or at the very least that they represent some plasticity between phenotypes. While some gene expression profiling data support this view, the tumour cells remain epithelial and limited immunohistochemistry data suggest that EMT markers may not feature prominently in ILC. We assessed the expression of a panel of EMT markers (fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, smooth muscle actin, osteonectin, Snail, Twist) in 148 ILCs and performed a meta-analysis of publically available molecular data from 154 ILCs. Three out of 148 (2%) ILCs demonstrated an early and coordinated alteration of multiple EMT markers (down-regulation of E-cadherin, nuclear TWIST, and up-regulation of vimentin, osteonectin, and smooth muscle actin). However, the data overall do not support a role for EMT in defining the phenotypic peculiarities of the majority of ILCs. Copyright © 2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E McCart Reed
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie R Kutasovic
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Ana C Vargas
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Janani Jayanthan
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Amel Al-Murrani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Lynne E Reid
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Rachael Chambers
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Taringa, 4068, QLD, Australia
| | - Leonard Da Silva
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Lewis Melville
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Evans
- Wesley Breast Clinic, Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, 4066, QLD, Australia
| | - Alan Porter
- Wesley Breast Clinic, Wesley Hospital, Auchenflower, 4066, QLD, Australia
| | - David Papadimos
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Taringa, 4068, QLD, Australia
| | - Erik W Thompson
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, 4059, QLD, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Department of Surgery, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, 3065, VIC, Australia
| | - Sunil R Lakhani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
| | - Peter T Simpson
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, 4029, QLD, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Medicine, Herston, 4006, QLD, Australia
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15
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Li Q, Gu C, Zhu Y, Wang M, Yang Y, Wang J, Jin L, Zhu ML, Shi TY, He J, Ye D, Wei Q. Two novel PRKCI polymorphisms and prostate cancer risk in an Eastern Chinese Han population. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:632-41. [PMID: 24510606 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The atypical protein kinase C (aPKCι), encoded by the PRKCI gene, has been recently found to be a unique human oncoprotein, compared with some other diverse PKC isozymes. Genetic variations in PRKCI have also been reported to be associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Caucasian populations, but no similar studies have been reported for Chinese populations. We genotyped two well-described PRKCI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs546950 and rs4955720 in 1015 PCa patients and 1044 cancer-free controls of Eastern Chinese men. SNPs in the vicinity of those two variants of PRKCI were evaluated using the in silico analysis. Logistic regression was then used to estimate their associations with and interactions in PCa risk. Although no significant main effects were found for the two tested SNPs in the single locus analysis, individuals carrying homozygote wide-type form of these two SNPs had slightly reduced PCa risk (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.40-0.99, P = 0.045), compared with those carrying any of heterozygous or homozygous variant genotypes. Our results indicated that the two PRKCI SNPs were jointly associated with PCa risk in an Eastern Chinese population. Larger studies with multiethnic groups are warranted to confirm these findings and to explore the role of PRKCI SNPs in the etiology of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxin Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Gu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyun Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology and State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Fudan-Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting-Yan Shi
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing He
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyi Wei
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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16
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Reyes-Uribe E, Serna-Marquez N, Perez Salazar E. DDRs: receptors that mediate adhesion, migration and invasion in breast cancer cells. AIMS BIOPHYSICS 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/biophy.2015.3.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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17
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SUN GUOGUI, LIU QING, CHENG YUNJIE, HU WANNING. B cell translocation gene 1 reduces the biological outcome of kidney cancer through induction of cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, cell apoptosis and cell metastasis. Int J Mol Med 2014; 35:777-83. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.2058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Sun GG, Zhang J, Ma XB, Wang YD, Cheng YJ, Hu WN. Overexpression of Wild-Type p53-Induced Phosphatase 1 Confers Poor Prognosis of Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 21:283-91. [PMID: 25060857 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9819-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the expression, clinical significance of proto-oncogene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and the biological effect in its cell line by siRNA targeting wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1). Immunohistochemistry and western blot were respectively used to analyze Wip1 protein expression in 85 cases of nasopharyngeal cancer and normal tissues to study the relationship between Wip1 expression and clinical factors. Wip1 siRNA was transiently transfected into papillary nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell by liposome-mediated method and was detected by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot. MTT assay, cell apoptosis, migration and invasion were also conducted as to the influence of the down-regulated expression of Wip1 that might be found on CNE2 cells biological effect. The level of Wip1 protein expression was found to be significantly higher in nasopharyngeal cancer tissue than normal tissues (P <0.05). There were significant differences between Wip1 expression and T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages, tumor differentiation and radiotherapy response (P < 0.05), regardless of age, gender (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, Increased expression of Wip1 was significantly with poor overall survival time by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.05). Wip1 expression deletion determines independent risk factors for prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in addition to tumor T stage, clinical stage, histological grade and lymph node metastasis outside by Cox-2 in the regression analysis (P < 0.05). qRT-PCR and Western blot showed that CNE2 cell transfected Wip1 siRNA had a lower relative expressive content than normal cell (P < 0.05). MTT assay, cell apoptosis, cell cycles demonstrated that CNE2 cell transfected Wip1 siRNA had a lower survival fraction, higher cell apoptosis, more percentage of the G0/G1 phases, significant decrease in migration and invasion, and higher P53 and P16 protein expression compared with CNE2 cell untransfected Wip1 siRNA (P < 0.05). Wip1 protein was increased in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, specifically in T stages, lymph node metastasis, clinical stages and tumor differentiation. Wip1 may involved in the biological processes of nasopharyngeal cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis, and migration and invasion by regulation P53 and P16 protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Sun
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan people's hospital, NO.65, Shengli road, Lunan district, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei province, China
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19
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Lu YF, Sun GG, Liu Q, Yang CR, Cheng YJ. BTG1 expression in thyroid carcinoma: diagnostic indicator and prognostic marker. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1574-82. [PMID: 25017022 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the expression and function of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid samples were obtained from cancer lesions (n=83) and adjacent normal tissue (n=35) in thyroid cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. BTG1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The effect of BTG1 overexpression was examined in vitro utilizing the human thyroid cancer cell line FTC-133, stably transfected with a recombinant lentivirus (LeBTG1 cells) and compared to empty vector transfected controls (LeEmpty). BTG1 overexpression was verified by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. The expression of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation (cyclin D1), apoptosis (Bcl-2) and cell migration (MMP-9) in LeBTG1 cells was analyzed by western blotting. The effect of BTG1 overexpression on cell viability and proliferation was assessed by MTT assay in LeBTG1 and LeEmpty cells. Flow cytometric analyses were used to evaluate the effect of BTG1 expression on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The migration and invasion potential of LeBTG1 cells was examined by plating cells in Matrigel-coated chambers. BTG1 protein expression was significantly lower in thyroid cancer tissue biopsies compared to normal tissue as measured by immunohistochemistry (36.1 vs. 80.0% of tissues; P<0.05) and western blotting (0.251±0.021 vs. 0.651±0.065; P<0.05). Decreased expression of BTG1 was significantly correlated with thyroid cancer lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and pathological differentiation (P<0.05), as well as with reduced overall 10‑year survival rates compared to patients with higher expression levels (30.2 vs. 66.7%; P<0.05). In vitro analyses revealed that LeBTG1 cells had a reduced survival fraction compared to control LeEmpty cells, with higher rates of apoptosis (11.6±2.1 vs. 2.1±0.4%; P<0.05). The proportion of LeBTG1 cells in G0/G1 stage and S phase was also significantly different from LeEmpty cells (81.8±6.3 and 10.2±1.0%, vs. 62.4±4.9 and 25.5±2.6%, respectively; P<0.05), and the migration and invasion of LeBTG1 cells was significantly impaired with respect to LeEmpty cells (72.0±8.0 and 55.0±7.0 vs. 113.0±16.0 and 89.0±9.0, respectively; P<0.05). These effects were accompanied by decreased protein expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and MMP-9 in LeBTG1 cells (0.234±0.018, 0.209±0.021, 0.155±0.017, respectively) compared to control LeEmpty cells (0.551±0.065, 0.452±0.043, 0.609±0.072, respectively; P<0.05). Reduced BTG1 expression is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting it is a negative regulator of thyroid cancer and can serve as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - G G Sun
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Q Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - C R Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Y J Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
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20
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Sun GG, Wang YD, Cheng YJ, Hu WN. The expression of BTG1 is downregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and possibly associated with tumour metastasis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:5979-88. [PMID: 24985971 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3475-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To determine the expression and function of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Nasopharyngeal samples were taken from cancer lesions (n = 75) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 33) in nasopharyngeal cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. BTG1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effect of BTG1 overexpression was examined in vitro utilizing a human nasopharyngeal cancer cell line CNE2 stably transfected with a recombinant lentivirus (LeBTG1 cells) and compared to empty vector-transfected controls (LeEmpty). BTG1 overexpression was verified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The expression of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation (cyclin D1), apoptosis (Bcl-2) and cell migration (MMP-9) in LeBTG1 cells were analyzed by Western blot. The effect of BTG1 overexpression on cell viability and proliferation was assessed by an MTT assay in LeBTG1 and LeEmpty cells. Flow cytometric analyses were used to evaluate the effect of BTG1 expression on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The migration and invasion potential of LeBTG1 cells was examined by plating cells in Matrigel-coated chambers. BTG1 protein expression was significantly lower in nasopharyngeal cancer tissue biopsies than normal tissue as measured by immunohistochemistry (36.0 vs. 81.8 % of tissues; P < 0.05) and Western blotting (0.221 ± 0.019 vs. 0.652 ± 0.055; P < 0.05). Decreased expression of BTG1 was significantly correlated with nasopharyngeal cancer tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and pathologic differentiation (P < 0.05), as well as with reduced overall five-year survival rates compared to patients with higher expression levels (31.2 vs. 70.2 %; P < 0.05). In vitro analyses revealed that LeBTG1 cells had a reduced survival fraction compared to control LeEmpty cells, with higher rates of apoptosis (9.3 ± 0.7 vs. 2.3 ± 0.3 %; P < 0.05). The proportion of LeBTG1 cells in G0/G1 stage and S phase was also significantly different from LeEmpty cells (82.6 ± 3.8 and 10.1 ± 1.0 %, vs. 62.2 ± 2.4 and 28.9 ± 2.0 %, respectively; Ps < 0.05), and the migration and invasion of LeBTG1 cells was significantly impaired with respect to LeEmpty cells (96.0 ± 13.0 and 91.0 ± 11.0 vs. 158.0 ± 17.0 and 142.0 ± 15.0, respectively; Ps < 0.05). These effects were accompanied by decreased protein expression of cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and MMP-9 in LeBTG1 cells (0.231 ± 0.021, 0.413 ± 0.046, 0.131 ± 0.011, respectively) compared to control LeEmpty cells (0.636 ± 0.067, 0.821 ± 0.083, 0.451 ± 0.041, respectively; Ps < 0.05). Reduced BTG1 expression is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting it is a negative regulator of nasopharyngeal cancer and can serve as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Sun
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, NO. 65, Shengli Road, Lunan District, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei province, China,
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21
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Sun GG, Wang YD, Cheng YJ, Hu WN. BTG1 underexpression is an independent prognostic marker in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9707-16. [PMID: 24969561 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the expression and function of B cell translocation gene 1 (BTG1) in esophageal carcinoma, esophageal samples were taken from cancer lesions (n = 74) and adjacent normal tissue (n = 34) in esophageal cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. BTG1 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The effect of BTG1 overexpression was examined in vitro utilizing a human esophageal cancer cell line ECA-109 stably transfected with a recombinant lentivirus (LeBTG1 cells) and compared to empty vector-transfected controls (LeEmpty). BTG1 overexpression was verified by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot. The expression of proteins involved in cell cycle regulation (cyclin D1) and apoptosis (Bcl-2) and cell migration (MMP-9) in LeBTG1 cells was analyzed by Western blot. The effect of BTG1 overexpression on cell viability and proliferation was assessed by an MTT assay in LeBTG1 and LeEmpty cells. Flow cytometric analyses were used to evaluate the effect of BTG1 expression on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. The migration and invasion potential of LeBTG1 cells was examined by plating cells in Matrigel-coated chambers. The level of BTG1 protein expression was found to be significantly lower in esophageal cancer tissue than normal tissues (P < 0.05). Decreased expression of BTG1 was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis, clinical stage, and histological grade of patients with esophageal cancer (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, loss of BTG1 expression correlated significantly with poor overall survival time by Kaplan-Meier analysis (P < 0.05). The result of biological function shown that Eca-109 cell-transfected BTG1 had a lower survival fraction, higher percentage of the G0/G1 phases, higher cell apoptosis, significant decrease in migration and invasion, and lower cylin D1, Bcl-2, and MMP-9 protein expression compared with Eca-109 cell-untransfected BTG1 (P < 0.05). Reduced BTG1 expression is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting it is a negative regulator of esophageal cancer and can serve as a prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- G G Sun
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, NO. 65, Shengli road, Lunan district, Tangshan, 063000, Hebei, China,
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22
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Sun G, Zhao G, Lu Y, Wang Y, Yang C. Association of EMP1 with gastric carcinoma invasion, survival and prognosis. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1091-8. [PMID: 24920167 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the expression and function of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in gastric carcinoma. Gastric samples were taken from cancer lesions and adjacent normal tissue in gastric cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. A portion of the sample was either fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemistry or stored in liquid nitrogen for western blotting. In order to determine protein expression of EMP1 in gastric cancer (n=65) and normal tissue (n=27), semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and western blotting were utilized. For in vitro studies, the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was maintained in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Recombinant lentivirus mediated overexpression of EMP1 in SGC-7901 cells was quantified with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blotting. Control SGC-7901 cells were transfected with an empty vector. To further study the effect of EMP1 overexpression in SGC-7901 cells, cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and migration and invasion assays were conducted. The expression of EMP1 was significantly lower in gastric cancer tissue compared to normal tissue using both immunohistochemistry (41.5 vs. 70.4% of tissues, P<0.05) and western blotting (0.153 ± 0.012 vs. 0.626 ± 0.058, P<0.05). Decreased expression of EMP1 was significantly correlated with tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, clinical stage and histological grade of patients with gastric cancer (P<0.05). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, low EMP1 expression correlated significantly with poor overall 5-year survival (47.4 vs. 70.3% survival, P<0.05). SGC-7901 cells transfected with EMP1 had a lower survival fraction, higher cell apoptosis (13.2 ± 1.5% vs. 2.2 ± 0.5%, P<0.05), significant decrease in migration and invasion (157.0 ± 16.0 and 112.0 ± 12.0, respectively vs. 243.0 ± 21.0 and 203.0 ± 19.0, respectively, P<0.05), higher caspase-9 (0.501 ± 0.050 vs. 0.114 ± 0.010, P<0.05) and lower VEGFC protein expression 0.135 ± 0.011 vs. 0.619 ± 0.074, P<0.05) relative to cells not transfected with EMP1. Low EMP1 expression in gastric cancer is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting that EMP1 may be a negative regulator of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guogui Sun
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Tangshan Hospital, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yifang Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Workers Hospital, Tangshan 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yadi Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Military General Hospital of Beijing PLA, Beijing 100700, P.R. China
| | - Congrong Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
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23
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Sun GG, Wang YD, Cui DW, Cheng YJ, Hu WN. Epithelial membrane protein 1 negatively regulates cell growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:4001-4010. [PMID: 24744589 PMCID: PMC3983455 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.4001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the expression and function of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) in colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS: Colorectal samples were taken from cancer lesions and adjacent normal tissue in colorectal cancer patients immediately after endoscopic biopsy. A portion of the sample was either fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin for immunohistochemistry or stored in liquid nitrogen for Western blot. In order to determine protein expression of EMP1 in colorectal cancer (n = 63) and normal tissue (n = 31), semi-quantitative immunohistochemistry and Western blot were utilized. For in vitro studies, the human colorectal cancer cell line SW-480 was maintained in RPMI-1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Recombinant lentivirus mediated overexpression of EMP1 in SW-480 cells was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. Control SW-480 cells were transfected with an empty vector. To further study the effect of EMP1 overexpression in SW-480 cells, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion assays were conducted.
RESULTS: Expression of EMP1 was significantly lower in colorectal cancer tissue than in normal tissue using both immunohistochemistry (39.7% vs 90.3% of tissues, P < 0.05) and Western blot (0.126 ± 0.022 vs 0.632 ± 0.053, P < 0.05). The level of EMP1 protein expression was not correlated with gender, age, or tumor location. Decreased expression of EMP1 was significantly correlated with T stage, lymph node metastasis, clinic stage, and histological grade in patients with colorectal cancer (P < 0.05). According to Kaplan-Meier analysis, low EMP1 expression correlated significantly with poor overall five-year survival (34.2% vs 64.0% survival, P < 0.05). SW-480 cells transfected with EMP1 had a lower survival fraction, higher cell apoptosis (12.1% ± 1.3% vs 3.1% ± 0.6%, P < 0.05), a significant decrease in migration and invasion (124.0 ± 17.0 and 87.0 ± 12.0, respectively vs 213.0 ± 29.0 and 178.0 ± 21.0, respectively, P < 0.05), higher caspase-9 (0.635 ± 0.063 vs 0.315 ± 0.032, P < 0.05), and lower VEGFC protein expression (0.229 ± 0.021 vs 0.519 ± 0.055, P < 0.05) relative to cells not transfected with EMP1.
CONCLUSION: Low EMP1 expression in colorectal cancer is associated with increased disease severity, suggesting that EMP1 may be a negative regulator of colorectal cancer.
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24
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EMP1, a novel poor prognostic factor in pediatric leukemia regulates prednisolone resistance, cell proliferation, migration and adhesion. Leukemia 2014; 28:1828-37. [PMID: 24625531 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Still 20% of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients relapse on or after current treatment strategies. Treatment failure is associated with resistance to prednisolone. We aimed to find new druggable targets that modulate prednisolone resistance. We generated microarray gene expression profiles of 256 pediatric ALL patient samples and identified a 3.4-fold increase in epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) expression in in vitro prednisolone-resistant compared with -sensitive patients (P=0.003). EMP1 silencing in six precursor-B ALL (BCP-ALL) and T-ALL cell lines induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest leading to 84.1±4.5% reduction in survival compared with non-silencing control transduced cells (non-silencing control short hairpin, shNSC) (P=0.014). Moreover, EMP1 silencing sensitized to prednisolone up to 18.8-fold (P<0.001). EMP1 silencing also abrogated migration and adhesion to mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) by 78.3±9.0 and 29.3±4.1% compared with shNSC (P<0.05). We discovered that EMP1 contributes to MSC-mediated prednisolone resistance. Pathway analysis indicated that EMP1 signals through the Src kinase family. EMP1-high BCP-ALL patients showed a poorer 5-year event-free survival compared with EMP1-low patients (77±2 vs. 89±2%, P=0.003). Multivariate analysis taking along white blood cell count, age, prednisolone resistance and subtype identified EMP1 as an independent predictor for poor outcome in BCP-ALL (P=0.004, hazard ratio: 2.36 (1.31-4.25). This study provides preclinical evidence that EMP1 is an interesting candidate for drug development to optimize treatment of BCP-ALL.
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Kostianets O, Antoniuk S, Filonenko V, Kiyamova R. Immunohistochemical analysis of medullary breast carcinoma autoantigens in different histological types of breast carcinomas. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:161. [PMID: 23181716 PMCID: PMC3533517 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/14/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the past decade a plethora of investigations were directed on identification of molecules involved in breast tumorogenesis, which could represent a powerful tool for monitoring, diagnostics and treatment of this disease. In current study we analyzed six previously identified medullary breast carcinoma autoantigens including LGALS3BP, RAD50, FAM50A, RBPJ, PABPC4, LRRFIP1 with cancer restricted serological profile in different histological types of breast cancer. METHODS Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis of 20 tissue samples including medullary breast carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma and non-cancerous tissues obtained from patients with fibrocystic disease (each of five) was performed using specifically generated polyclonal antibodies. Differences in expression patterns were evaluated considering percent of positively stained cells, insensitivity of staining and subcellular localization in cells of all tissue samples. RESULTS All 6 antigens predominantly expressed in the most cells of all histological types of breast tumors and non-cancerous tissues with slight differences in intensity of staining and subcellular localization. The most significant differences in expression pattern were revealed for RAD50 and LGALS3BP in different histological types of breast cancer and for PABPC4 and FAM50A antigens in immune cells infiltrating breast tumors. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study made possible to select 4 antigens LGALS3BP, RAD50, PABPC4, and FAM50A as promising candidates for more comprehensive research as potential molecular markers for breast cancer diagnostics and therapy. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slides' for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1860649350796892.
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MESH Headings
- Acid Anhydride Hydrolases
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Autoantigens/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Blood Proteins/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/classification
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/classification
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/classification
- Carcinoma, Lobular/immunology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/classification
- Carcinoma, Medullary/immunology
- Carcinoma, Medullary/pathology
- Carrier Proteins/analysis
- DNA Repair Enzymes/analysis
- DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis
- Female
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/immunology
- Fibrocystic Breast Disease/pathology
- Glycoproteins/analysis
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/analysis
- Pilot Projects
- Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/analysis
- RNA-Binding Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kostianets
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, Ukraine
- Educational and Scientific Centre “Institute of Biology”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, 64, Volodymyrs’ka Str., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stepan Antoniuk
- Dnipropetrovsk Clinical Oncological Center, Dnipropetrovsk, Ukraine
| | - Valeriy Filonenko
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ramziya Kiyamova
- Department of Cell Signaling, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, NAS of Ukraine, 150, Zabolotnogo str., Kyiv, Ukraine
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Valiathan RR, Marco M, Leitinger B, Kleer CG, Fridman R. Discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinases: new players in cancer progression. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:295-321. [PMID: 22366781 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-012-9346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Almost all human cancers display dysregulated expression and/or function of one or more receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The strong causative association between altered RTK function and cancer progression has been translated into novel therapeutic strategies that target these cell surface receptors in cancer. Yet, the full spectrum of RTKs that may alter the oncogenic process is not completely understood. Accumulating evidence suggests that a unique set of RTKs known as the discoidin domain receptors (DDRs) play a key role in cancer progression by regulating the interactions of tumor cells with their surrounding collagen matrix. The DDRs are the only RTKs that specifically bind to and are activated by collagen. DDRs control cell and tissue homeostasis by acting as collagen sensors, transducing signals that regulate cell polarity, tissue morphogenesis, and cell differentiation. In cancer, DDRs are hijacked by tumor cells to disrupt normal cell-matrix communication and initiate pro-migratory and pro-invasive programs. Importantly, several cancer types exhibit DDR mutations, which are thought to alter receptor function and contribute to cancer progression. Other evidence suggests that the actions of DDRs in cancer are complex, either promoting or suppressing tumor cell behavior in a DDR type/isoform specific- and context-dependent manner. Thus, there is still a considerable gap in our knowledge of DDR actions in cancer tissues. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on DDR expression and function in cancer. It is hoped that this effort will encourage more research into these poorly understood but unique RTKs, which have the potential of becoming novel therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari R Valiathan
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Castellana B, Escuin D, Pérez-Olabarria M, Vázquez T, Muñoz J, Peiró G, Barnadas A, Lerma E. Genetic up-regulation and overexpression of PLEKHA7 differentiates invasive lobular carcinomas from invasive ductal carcinomas. Hum Pathol 2012; 43:1902-9. [PMID: 22542108 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2011] [Revised: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular differentiation between invasive lobular carcinomas (ILCs) and invasive ductal carcinomas (IDCs) of the breast has not been well defined. We investigated gene expression differences between ILCs and IDCs and their correlation with variations in invasiveness and tumor growth. Total RNA was isolated from 30 frozen tumor samples: 10 from ILCs and 20 from IDCs. Gene expression was investigated using the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA). Data and validation were performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Gene expression differences between ILCs and IDCs were found in 140 genes. Overall, ILCs showed up-regulation of genes related with cell migration, lipid and fatty acid metabolism, and some transcription factors and showed down-regulation of cell adhesion, actin cytoskeleton, cell proliferation, and energetic metabolism of the tumor cells. Our reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results showed that PLEKHA and TMSB10 expression discriminated ILCs from luminal A IDCs, whereas PLEKHA7, TMSB10, PRDX4, and SERPINB5 discriminated ILCs from luminal B IDCs. At the protein level, Plekha7 was overexpressed in ILCs but not in normal tissue or low-grade IDCs. Moreover, Plekha7 overexpression had an inverse relation with E-cadherin expression. The gene expression profile in ILCs and IDCs differs in several signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that overexpression of PLEKHA7 is common in ILCs and could be a molecular marker to differentiate ILCs from IDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bàrbara Castellana
- Department of Pathology, Institut de Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
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Drabsch Y, ten Dijke P. TGF-β signaling in breast cancer cell invasion and bone metastasis. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2011; 16:97-108. [PMID: 21494783 PMCID: PMC3095797 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-011-9217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling to breast cancer has been studied for more than two decades. In an early phase TGF-β may act as a tumour suppressor, while later, when cells have become resistant to its anti-mitogenic effects, the role of TGF-β switches towards malignant conversion and progression. TGF-β stimulates cell invasion and modifies the microenvironment to the advantage of cancer cells. Studies have shown that TGF-β promotes bone and lung metastasis via different mechanisms. The therapeutic strategies to target the TGF-β pathway in breast cancer are becoming increasingly clear. This review will focus on the role TGF-β in breast cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette Drabsch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter ten Dijke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Centre for Biomedical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Postbus 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Uppsala University, Box 595, 75124 Uppsala, Sweden
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Ferreira E, Gobbi H, Saraiva BS, Cassali GD. Histological and Immunohistochemical Identification of Atypical Ductal Mammary Hyperplasia as a Preneoplastic Marker in Dogs. Vet Pathol 2011; 49:322-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810396105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study describes and evaluates the morphological and molecular relationship between canine mammary ductal hyperplasias with atypia and canine mammary neoplasias. Ductal hyperplasia was identified in association with malignant neoplasia in 56 of the 115 cases (48,8%), and although ductal hyperplasia without atypia was the type most frequently noted in the cases, most examples of hyperplasia with atypia were associated with mammary tumors. Estrogen receptor, E-cadherin, and cytokeratins 1, 5, 10 and 14 (CK34bE12) expression was quite lower than in normal mammary tissue, and HER2 overexpression was absent in all proliferative cells of ductal hyperplasia. The Ki-67 expression, epidermal growth factor receptor and progesterone receptor expression appeared higher in those hyperplastic lesions analyzed than in normal mammary glands. These findings suggest that canine mammary atypical hyperplasia may play an important role in the process of malignant neoplastic transformation, with molecular alterations that are similar to precursor lesions reported in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Ferreira
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - H. Gobbi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - B. S. Saraiva
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
| | - G. D. Cassali
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, MG, Brazil
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Baskın Y, Yiğitbaşı T. Clinical proteomics of breast cancer. Curr Genomics 2010; 11:528-36. [PMID: 21532837 PMCID: PMC3048315 DOI: 10.2174/138920210793175930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the lifetimes that increased in breast cancers due to the the early screening programs and new therapeutic strategies, many cases still are being lost due to the metastatic relapses. For this reason, new approaches such as the proteomic techniques have currently become the prime objectives of breast cancer researches. Various omic-based techniques have been applied with increasing success to the molecular characterisation of breast tumours, which have resulted in a more detailed classification scheme and have produced clinical diagnostic tests that have been applied to both the prognosis and the prediction of outcome to the treatment. Implementation of the proteomics-based techniques is also seen as crucial if we are to develop a systems biology approach in the discovery of biomarkers of the early diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of the outcome of the breast cancer therapies. In this review, we discuss the studies that have been conducted thus far, for the discovery of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers, and evaluate the potential of the discriminating proteins identified in this research for clinical use as breast cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Baskın
- Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Oncology, 35340 Inciraltı, Izmir, Turkey
| | - T. Yiğitbaşı
- Clinical Biochemistry Clinic, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, 35360, Izmir, Turkey
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31
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Johnson E, Seachrist DD, DeLeon-Rodriguez CM, Lozada KL, Miedler J, Abdul-Karim FW, Keri RA. HER2/ErbB2-induced breast cancer cell migration and invasion require p120 catenin activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:29491-501. [PMID: 20595387 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.136770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers that overexpress the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2/HER2/Neu result in poor patient outcome because of extensive metastatic progression. Herein, we delineate a molecular mechanism that may govern this malignant phenotype. ErbB2 induction of migration requires activation of the small GTPases Rac1 and Cdc42. The ability of ErbB2 to activate these small GTPases necessitated expression of p120 catenin, which is itself up-regulated by signaling through ErbB2 and the tyrosine kinase Src. Silencing p120 in ErbB2-dependent breast cancer cell lines dramatically inhibited migration and invasion as well as activation of Rac1 and Cdc42. In contrast, overexpression of constitutively active mutants of these GTPases reversed the effects of p120 silencing. Lastly, ectopic expression of p120 promoted migration and invasion and potentiated metastatic progression of a weakly metastatic, ErbB2-dependent breast cancer cell line. These results suggest that p120 acts as an obligate intermediate between ErbB2 and Rac1/Cdc42 to modulate the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emhonta Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Lapyckyj L, Castillo LF, Matos ML, Gabrielli NM, Lüthy IA, Vazquez-Levin MH. Expression analysis of epithelial cadherin and related proteins in IBH-6 and IBH-4 human breast cancer cell lines. J Cell Physiol 2010; 222:596-605. [PMID: 19957299 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) is a 120 kDa cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in the establishment of epithelial adherens junctions. It is connected to the actin cytoskeleton by adaptor proteins such as beta-catenin. Loss of E-cadherin expression/function has been related to tumor progression and metastasis. Several molecules associated with down-regulation of E-cadherin have been described, within them neural cadherin, Twist and dysadherin. Human breast cancer cell lines IBH-6 and IBH-4 were developed from ductal primary tumors and show characteristic features of malignant epithelial cells. In this study expression of E-cadherin and related proteins in IBH-6 and IBH-4 cell lines was evaluated. In IBH-6 and IBH-4 cell extracts, only an 89 kDa E-cadherin form (Ecad89) was detected, which is truncated at the C-terminus and is present at low levels. Moreover, no accumulation of the 86 kDa E-cadherin ectodomain and of the 38 kDa CTF1 fragment was observed. IBH-6 and IBH-4 cells showed an intracellular scattered E-cadherin localization. beta-catenin accompanied E-cadherin localization, and actin stress fibers were identified in both cell types. E-cadherin mRNA levels were remarkably low in IBH-6 and IBH-4 cells. The E-cadherin mRNA and genomic sequence encoding exons 14-16 could not be amplified in either cell line. Neither the mRNA nor the protein of neural cadherin and dysadherin were detected. Up-regulation of Twist mRNA was found in both cell lines. In conclusion, IBH-6 and IBH-4 breast cancer cells show down-regulation of E-cadherin expression with aberrant protein localization, and up-regulation of Twist; these features can be related to their invasive/metastatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Lapyckyj
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Seniski GG, Camargo AA, Ierardi DF, Ramos EAS, Grochoski M, Ribeiro ESF, Cavalli IJ, Pedrosa FO, de Souza EM, Zanata SM, Costa FF, Klassen G. ADAM33 gene silencing by promoter hypermethylation as a molecular marker in breast invasive lobular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:80. [PMID: 19267929 PMCID: PMC2660367 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background ADAM33 protein is a member of the family of transmembrane glycoproteins composed of multidomains. ADAM family members have different activities, such as proteolysis and adhesion, making them good candidates to mediate the extracellular matrix remodelling and changes in cellular adhesion that characterise certain pathologies and cancer development. It was reported that one family member, ADAM23, is down-regulated by promoter hypermethylation. This seems to correlate with tumour progression and metastasis in breast cancer. In this study, we explored the involvement of ADAM33, another ADAM family member, in breast cancer. Methods First, we analysed ADAM33 expression in breast tumour cell lines by RT-PCR and western blotting. We also used 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5azadCR) treatment and DNA bisulphite sequencing to study the promoter methylation of ADAM33 in breast tumour cell lines. We evaluated ADAM33 methylation in primary tumour samples by methylation specific PCR (MSP). Finally, ADAM33 promoter hypermethylation was correlated with clinicopathological data using the chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results The expression analysis of ADAM33 in breast tumour cell lines by RT-PCR revealed gene silencing in 65% of tumour cell lines. The corresponding lack of ADAM33 protein was confirmed by western blotting. We also used 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dCR) demethylation and bisulphite sequencing methodologies to confirm that gene silencing is due to ADAM33 promoter hypermethylation. Using MSP, we detected ADAM33 promoter hypermethylation in 40% of primary breast tumour samples. The correlation between methylation pattern and patient's clinicopathological data was not significantly associated with histological grade; tumour stage (TNM); tumour size; ER, PR or ERBB2 status; lymph node status; metastasis or recurrence. Methylation frequency in invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) was 76.2% compared with 25.5% in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.0002). Conclusion ADAM33 gene silencing may be related to the discohesive histological appearance of ILCs. We suggest that ADAM33 promoter methylation may be a useful molecular marker for differentiating ILC and IDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerusa G Seniski
- Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Parana, PR, Brazil.
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