Flaxseed gum based biocomposite film modified with betel leaf extract: A novel packaging material for oxidative stability of meat patties

The study investigated the antioxidant effect on lipid and protein oxidation, microbial count and other physicochemical attributes of meat patties packaged in flaxseed gum (FSG) based films added with betel leaf extract (BLE) during refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) of 30 days. FSG films were developed after incorporating 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10% of BLE (BLE0, BLE1, BLE2, BLE3 and BLE4) respectively. The patties showed no change in pH due to composite films however, a remarkable effect in retarding the weight loss and color change along with an improvement in sensory score and microbial quality. TBARS of the patties packed in treated films ranged from 0.10 to 0.99 (mg MDA/kg), lower than that of the control 0.34-1.33 (mg MDA/kg). The BLE4 (packed in FSG film with 10% BLE) had the lowest metmyoglobin content of 31.71% compared to the control sample (69.02%) on 30th day of refrigerated storage. Further, a significant reduction in moisture and color change was observed in meat patties packed in FSG-BLE composite films compared to the control patties. Hence, this study concluded that the FSG-BLE composite films improves the storage stability by impeding the rate of lipid oxidation indicating the developed film's promising potential as a sustainable material in active packaging for the shelf life extension of high-fat meat products and other perishable food products.

Hepatotoxicity prevention in Acetaminophen-induced HepG2 cells by red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) extract from Indonesia via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-necrotic

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic, but it may cause liver injury (hepatotoxicity) via oxidative stress that induced by N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI) in long term usage or overdose. Multiple inflammatory mediators were also found to contribute for this effect. Many medicinal plants was known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and one of them is Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz and Pav) from Indonesia. In this study, the red betel leaves extract (RBLE) protective effect against APAP-induced HepG2 cells was determined. APAP-induced HepG2 as hepatotoxicity cell model was treated with RBLE at 25 and 100 μg/mL. Protective effects of RBLE toward hepatotoxicity were evaluated by several parameters: tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, live cells percentage, apoptotic cells percentage, necrotic cells percentage, death cells percentage, CYP2E1 and GPX gene expression. The RBLE treatments (both 25 and 100 μg/mL) increased CYP2E1 and GPX gene expression also live cells percentage, while decreased ROS level, TNF-α concentration, also the percentage of death and necrotic cells. Red Betel leaves ethanol extract has hepatoprotective effect via anti-inflammatory, anti-necrotic, and antioxidant potency in liver injury model.

Bio-actives of betel leaf (Piper betle L.): A comprehensive review on extraction, isolation, characterization, and biological activity

Piper betle L., belonging to Piperaceae family, known as a traditional herbal medicinal plant and used for several health benefits in Asian countries. Currently, demand for its products such as herbal drugs, medicines, and natural herbal formulations has increased. The beneficial effects of betel leaves and its products have traditionally exploited for the treatment of several diseases like bad breath, cuts, injuries, inflammations, cold cough, indigestion, etc. Till now, a broad range of bioactive compounds including polyphenols, terpenes, etc., has been identified from the extracts and essential oil (EO) of betel leaves. The structural and functional characterization of the extract and EO bio-actives has been derived by various advanced standard methods. Most of the health-related benefits of betel leaves have been associated with their bioactive phenolic compounds. The extract of this highly perishable product can be used in organic synthesis, food, and beverage industry, pharmaceuticals, etc., to the environmental issues. The present review provides information on extraction techniques, identification of bioactive compounds, and their biological activities. That apart, information on processing, preservation, and health benefits along with their mechanisms has also been added.