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Abe Y, Kofman ER, Almeida M, Ouyang Z, Ponte F, Mueller JR, Cruz-Becerra G, Sakai M, Prohaska TA, Spann NJ, Resende-Coelho A, Seidman JS, Stender JD, Taylor H, Fan W, Link VM, Cobo I, Schlachetzki JCM, Hamakubo T, Jepsen K, Sakai J, Downes M, Evans RM, Yeo GW, Kadonaga JT, Manolagas SC, Rosenfeld MG, Glass CK. RANK ligand converts the NCoR/HDAC3 co-repressor to a PGC1β- and RNA-dependent co-activator of osteoclast gene expression. Mol Cell 2023; 83:3421-3437.e11. [PMID: 37751740 PMCID: PMC10591845 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor co-repressor (NCoR) complex mediates transcriptional repression dependent on histone deacetylation by histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) as a component of the complex. Unexpectedly, we found that signaling by the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) converts the NCoR/HDAC3 co-repressor complex to a co-activator of AP-1 and NF-κB target genes that are required for mouse osteoclast differentiation. Accordingly, the dominant function of NCoR/HDAC3 complexes in response to RANK signaling is to activate, rather than repress, gene expression. Mechanistically, RANK signaling promotes RNA-dependent interaction of the transcriptional co-activator PGC1β with the NCoR/HDAC3 complex, resulting in the activation of PGC1β and inhibition of HDAC3 activity for acetylated histone H3. Non-coding RNAs Dancr and Rnu12, which are associated with altered human bone homeostasis, promote NCoR/HDAC3 complex assembly and are necessary for RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation in vitro. These findings may be prototypic for signal-dependent functions of NCoR in other biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Abe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric R Kofman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Zhengyu Ouyang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Filipa Ponte
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jasmine R Mueller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Grisel Cruz-Becerra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mashito Sakai
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School Hospital, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Thomas A Prohaska
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nathanael J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Ana Resende-Coelho
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Jason S Seidman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Joshua D Stender
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Havilah Taylor
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Weiwei Fan
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Verena M Link
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Faculty of Biology, Department II, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Isidoro Cobo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Protein-Protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan; Division of Molecular Physiology and Metabolism, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Stem Cell Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James T Kadonaga
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Stavros C Manolagas
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Michael G Rosenfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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2
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Horiuchi K, Kawamura T, Hamakubo T. Wilms' Tumor 1-Associating Protein complex regulates alternative splicing and polyadenylation at potential G-quadruplex-forming splice site sequences. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101248. [PMID: 34582888 PMCID: PMC8605363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms’ tumor 1-associating protein (WTAP) is a core component of the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-methyltransferase complex, along with VIRMA, CBLL1, ZC3H13 (KIAA0853), RBM15/15B, and METTL3/14, which generate m6A, a key RNA modification that affects various processes of RNA metabolism. WTAP also interacts with splicing factors; however, despite strong evidence suggesting a role of Drosophila WTAP homolog fl(2)d in alternative splicing (AS), its role in splicing regulation in mammalian cells remains elusive. Here we demonstrate using RNAi coupled with RNA-seq that WTAP, VIRMA, CBLL1, and ZC3H13 modulate AS, promoting exon skipping and intron retention in AS events that involve short introns/exons with higher GC content and introns with weaker polypyrimidine-tract and branch points. Further analysis of GC-rich sequences involved in AS events regulated by WTAP, together with minigene assay analysis, revealed potential G-quadruplex formation at splice sites where WTAP has an inhibitory effect. We also found that several AS events occur in the last exon of one isoform of MSL1 and WTAP, leading to competition for polyadenylation. Proteomic analysis also suggested that WTAP/CBLL1 interaction promotes recruitment of the 3′-end processing complex. Taken together, our results indicate that the WTAP complex regulates AS and alternative polyadenylation via inhibitory mechanisms in GC-rich sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Horiuchi
- Department of Protein-Protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-0011, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Protein-Protein Interaction Research, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, 113-0011, Japan.
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3
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Mostafa D, Takahashi A, Yanagiya A, Yamaguchi T, Abe T, Kureha T, Kuba K, Kanegae Y, Furuta Y, Yamamoto T, Suzuki T. Essential functions of the CNOT7/8 catalytic subunits of the CCR4-NOT complex in mRNA regulation and cell viability. RNA Biol 2020; 17:403-416. [PMID: 31924127 PMCID: PMC6999631 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2019.1709747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails (deadenylation) to trigger their decay is mediated mainly by the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. While four catalytic subunits (CNOT6, 6L 7, and 8) have been identified in the mammalian CCR4-NOT complex, their individual biological roles are not fully understood. In this study, we addressed the contribution of CNOT7/8 to viability of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that MEFs lacking CNOT7/8 expression [Cnot7/8-double knockout (dKO) MEFs] undergo cell death, whereas MEFs lacking CNOT6/6L expression (Cnot6/6l-dKO MEFs) remain viable. Co-immunoprecipitation analyses showed that CNOT6/6L are also absent from the CCR4-NOT complex in Cnot7/8-dKO MEFs. In contrast, either CNOT7 or CNOT8 still interacts with other subunits in the CCR4-NOT complex in Cnot6/6l-dKO MEFs. Exogenous expression of a CNOT7 mutant lacking catalytic activity in Cnot7/8-dKO MEFs cannot recover cell viability, even though CNOT6/6L exists to some extent in the CCR4-NOT complex, confirming that CNOT7/8 is essential for viability. Bulk poly(A) tail analysis revealed that mRNAs with longer poly(A) tails are more numerous in Cnot7/8-dKO MEFs than in Cnot6/6l-dKO MEFs. Consistent with elongated poly(A) tails, more mRNAs are upregulated and stabilized in Cnot7/8-dKO MEFs than in Cnot6/6l-dKO MEFs. Importantly, Cnot6/6l-dKO mice are viable and grow normally to adulthood. Taken together, the CNOT7/8 catalytic subunits are essential for deadenylation, which is necessary to maintain cell viability, whereas CNOT6/6L are not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Mostafa
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Akinori Takahashi
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Akiko Yanagiya
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamaguchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Taku Kureha
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Keiji Kuba
- Department of Biochemistry and Metabolic Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita, Japan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Research Center for Medical Science, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Furuta
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.,Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Riken Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Laboratory for Immunogenetics, Riken Center of Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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4
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Tachibana K, Gotoh E, Kawamata N, Ishimoto K, Uchihara Y, Iwanari H, Sugiyama A, Kawamura T, Mochizuki Y, Tanaka T, Sakai J, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Doi T. Analysis of the subcellular localization of the human histone methyltransferase SETDB1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:725-31. [PMID: 26296461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SET domain, bifurcated 1 (SETDB1) is a histone methyltransferase that methylates lysine 9 on histone H3. Although it is important to know the localization of proteins to elucidate their physiological function, little is known of the subcellular localization of human SETDB1. In the present study, to investigate the subcellular localization of hSETDB1, we established a human cell line constitutively expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein fused to hSETDB1. We then generated a monoclonal antibody against the hSETDB1 protein. Expression of both exogenous and endogenous hSETDB1 was observed mainly in the cytoplasm of various human cell lines. Combined treatment with the nuclear export inhibitor leptomycin B and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 led to the accumulation of hSETDB1 in the nucleus. These findings suggest that hSETDB1, localized in the nucleus, might undergo degradation by the proteasome and be exported to the cytosol, resulting in its detection mainly in the cytosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tachibana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Eiko Gotoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kawamata
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Yoshie Uchihara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hiroko Iwanari
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawamura
- Radioisotope Center, The University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mochizuki
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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5
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Thomas M, Bayha C, Klein K, Müller S, Weiss TS, Schwab M, Zanger UM. The truncated splice variant of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, PPARα-tr, autonomously regulates proliferative and pro-inflammatory genes. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:488. [PMID: 26122096 PMCID: PMC4485637 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) controls lipid/energy homeostasis and inflammatory responses. The truncated splice variant PPARα-tr was suggested to exert a dominant negative function despite being unable to bind consensus PPARα DNA response elements. METHODS The distribution and variability factor of each PPARα variant were assessed in the well-characterized cohort of human liver samples (N = 150) on the mRNA and protein levels. Specific siRNA-mediated downregulation of each transcript as well as specific overexpression with subsequent qRT-PCR analysis of downstream genes was used for investigation of specific functional roles of PPARα-wt and PPARα-tr forms in primary human hepatocytes. RESULTS Bioinformatic analyses of genome-wide liver expression profiling data suggested a possible role of PPARα-tr in downregulating proliferative and pro-inflammatory genes. Specific gene silencing of both forms in primary human hepatocytes showed that induction of metabolic PPARα-target genes by agonist WY14,643 was prevented by PPARα-wt knock-down but neither prevented nor augmented by PPARα-tr knock-down. WY14,643 treatment did not induce proliferative genes including MYC, CDK1, and PCNA, and knock-down of PPARα-wt had no effect, while PPARα-tr knock-down caused up to 3-fold induction of these genes. Similarly, induction of pro-inflammatory genes IL1B, PTGS2, and CCL2 by IL-6 was augmented by knock-down of PPARα-tr but not of PPARα-wt. In contrast to human proliferative genes, orthologous mouse genes were readily inducible by WY14,643 in PPARα-tr non-expressing AML12 mouse hepatocytes. Induction was augmented by overexpression of PPARα-wt and attenuated by overexpression of PPARα-tr. Pro-inflammatory genes including IL-1β, CCL2 and TNFα were induced by WY14,643 in mouse and human cells and both PPARα forms attenuated induction. As potential mechanism of PPARα-tr inhibitory action we suggest crosstalk with WNT/β-catenin pathway. Finally, treatment with WY14,643 in the presence of PPARα-tr resulted in the significant reduction of cell viability of AML12 and human ovarian cancer cell line, SKOV3. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the truncated PPARα splice variant functions as an endogenous inhibitor of proliferative and pro-inflammatory genes in human cells and that its absence in mouse may explain species-specific differences in fibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70736, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Christine Bayha
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70736, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Klein
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70736, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Simon Müller
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70736, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Present address: MUON-STAT, Klugestraße 28, 70197, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Thomas S Weiss
- University Children Hospital (KUNO), Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70736, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich M Zanger
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70736, Stuttgart, and University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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6
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Tanaka T, Tahara-Hanaoka S, Nabekura T, Ikeda K, Jiang S, Tsutsumi S, Inagaki T, Magoori K, Higurashi T, Takahashi H, Tachibana K, Tsurutani Y, Raza S, Anai M, Minami T, Wada Y, Yokote K, Doi T, Hamakubo T, Auwerx J, Gonzalez FJ, Nakajima A, Aburatani H, Naito M, Shibuya A, Kodama T, Sakai J. PPARβ/δ activation of CD300a controls intestinal immunity. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5412. [PMID: 24958459 PMCID: PMC4067692 DOI: 10.1038/srep05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are important for maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis. Here, we show that PPARβ/δ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ) directly regulates CD300a in macrophages that express the immunoreceptor tyrosine based-inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing receptor. In mice lacking CD300a, high-fat diet (HFD) causes chronic intestinal inflammation with low numbers of intestinal lymph capillaries and dramatically expanded mesenteric lymph nodes. As a result, these mice exhibit triglyceride malabsorption and reduced body weight gain on HFD. Peritoneal macrophages from Cd300a-/- mice on HFD are classically M1 activated. Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88 signaling by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) results in prolonged IL-6 secretion in Cd300a-/- macrophages. Bone marrow transplantation confirmed that the phenotype originates from CD300a deficiency in leucocytes. These results identify CD300a-mediated inhibitory signaling in macrophages as a critical regulator of intestinal immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiya Tanaka
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine (LSBM), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Satoko Tahara-Hanaoka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for TARA and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Nabekura
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for TARA and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kaori Ikeda
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine (LSBM), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Shuying Jiang
- 1] Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan [2] Peruseus Proteomics, Tokyo 153-0041, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inagaki
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Kenta Magoori
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takuma Higurashi
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Takahashi
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tachibana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuya Tsurutani
- 1] Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan [2] Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sana Raza
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine (LSBM), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Motonobu Anai
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine (LSBM), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Laboratory for Vascular Biology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Youichiro Wada
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine (LSBM), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology and Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Quantitative Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Gastroenterology Division, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Makoto Naito
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Center for TARA and Japan Science and Technology Agency, CREST, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine (LSBM), Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Division of Metabolic Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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7
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Inoue T, Kohro T, Tanaka T, Kanki Y, Li G, Poh HM, Mimura I, Kobayashi M, Taguchi A, Maejima T, Suehiro JI, Sugiyama A, Kaneki K, Aruga H, Dong S, Stevens JF, Yamamoto S, Tsutsumi S, Fujita T, Ruan X, Aburatani H, Nangaku M, Ruan Y, Kodama T, Wada Y. Cross-enhancement of ANGPTL4 transcription by HIF1 alpha and PPAR beta/delta is the result of the conformational proximity of two response elements. Genome Biol 2014; 15:R63. [PMID: 24721177 PMCID: PMC4053749 DOI: 10.1186/gb-2014-15-4-r63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Synergistic transcriptional activation by different stimuli has been reported along with a diverse array of mechanisms, but the full scope of these mechanisms has yet to be elucidated. Results We present a detailed investigation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1 dependent gene expression in endothelial cells which suggests the importance of crosstalk between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ and HIF signaling axes. A migration assay shows a synergistic interaction between these two stimuli, and we identify angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) as a common target gene by using a combination of microarray and ChIP-seq analysis. We profile changes of histone marks at enhancers under hypoxia, PPARβ/δ agonist and dual stimulations and these suggest that the spatial proximity of two response elements is the principal cause of the synergistic transcription induction. A newly developed quantitative chromosome conformation capture assay shows the quantitative change of the frequency of proximity of the two response elements. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that two different transcription factors cooperate in transcriptional regulation in a synergistic fashion through conformational change of their common target genes.
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8
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Kusano-Arai O, Iwanari H, Mochizuki Y, Nakata H, Kodama T, Kitoh T, Hamakubo T. Evaluation of the asparagine synthetase level in leukemia cells by monoclonal antibodies. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 2013; 31:325-32. [PMID: 23098298 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.2012.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
L-Asparaginase (ASNase) is important for the treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. ASNase sensitivity has been shown to correlate with the asparagine synthetase (ASNS) protein content in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines. However, there have been few studies to determine ASNS protein levels in human leukemias, since no appropriate monoclonal antibody is available for such quantitative analysis. In this study, we report the generation of anti-ASNS monoclonal antibodies, which are applicable to flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These monoclonal antibodies should provide a valuable tool for the quantification of ASNS protein level and estimation of ASNase-resistance in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kusano-Arai
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan
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9
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Thomas M, Burk O, Klumpp B, Kandel BA, Damm G, Weiss TS, Klein K, Schwab M, Zanger UM. Direct transcriptional regulation of human hepatic cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα). Mol Pharmacol 2013; 83:709-18. [PMID: 23295386 DOI: 10.1124/mol.112.082503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α is known primarily as a regulator of fatty acid metabolism, energy balance, and inflammation, but evidence suggests a wider role in regulating the biotransformation of drugs and other lipophilic chemicals. We investigated whether PPARα directly regulates the transcription of cytochrome P450 3A4, the major human drug-metabolizing enzyme. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation in human primary hepatocytes as well as electrophoretic mobility shift and luciferase reporter-gene assays, we identified three functional PPARα-binding regions (PBR-I, -II, and -III) within ∼12 kb of the CYP3A4 upstream sequence. Furthermore, a humanized CYP3A4/3A7 mouse model showed in vivo induction of CYP3A4 mRNA and protein by [4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (WY14,643) in liver but not in intestine, whereas hepatic occupancy of PBRs by PPARα was ligand independent. Using lentiviral gene knock-down and treatment with WY14,643 in primary human hepatocytes, PPARα was further shown to affect the expression of a distinct set of CYPs, including 1A1, 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 3A4, and 7A1, but not 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, or 2E1. Interestingly, the common phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-PC), previously proposed to reflect nutritional status and shown to be a specific endogenous ligand of PPARα, induced CYP3A4 (up to 4-fold) and other biotransformation genes in hepatocytes with similar selectivity and potency as WY14,643. These data establish PPARα as a direct transcriptional regulator of hepatic CYP3A4. This finding warrants investigation of both known and newly developed PPARα-targeted drugs for their drug-drug interaction potential. Furthermore, our data suggest that nutritional status can influence drug biotransformation capacity via endogenous phospholipid signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Thomas
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Auerbachstr. 112, 70376 Stuttgart, Germany
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10
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Mochizuki Y, Ohashi R, Kawamura T, Iwanari H, Kodama T, Naito M, Hamakubo T. Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphatase myotubularin-related protein 6 (MTMR6) is regulated by small GTPase Rab1B in the early secretory and autophagic pathways. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23188820 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.395087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A large family of myotubularin phosphatases dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate, which are known to play important roles in vesicular trafficking and autophagy. The family is composed of 16 members, and understanding their regulatory mechanisms is important to understand their functions and related genetic diseases. We prepared anti-myotubularin-related protein 6 (MTMR6) monoclonal antibody and used it to study the regulatory mechanism of MTMR6. Endogenous MTMR6 was present in the cytoplasm and was condensed in the perinuclear region in a microtubule-dependent manner. MTMR6 preferentially interacted with GDP-bound Rab1B via the GRAM domain and partly overlapped with Rab1B in the pericentrosomal and peri-Golgi regions in normal rat kidney cells. Overexpression of GDP-bound Rab1B and the reduction of Rab1B disrupted the localization of MTMR6, suggesting that Rab1B regulates the localization of MTMR6. The reduction of MTMR6 accelerated the transport of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein in which Rab1B is involved. Furthermore, reduction of MTMR6 or Rab1B inhibited the formation of the tubular omegasome that is induced by overexpression of DFCP1 in autophagy. Our results indicate that the cellular localization of MTMR6 is regulated by Rab1B in the early secretory and autophagic pathways. We propose a new regulatory mechanism of myotubularin phosphatase by the small GTPase Rab1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Mochizuki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan.
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11
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Suzuki T, Tsuzuku J, Hayashi A, Shiomi Y, Iwanari H, Mochizuki Y, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Nishitani H, Masai H, Yamamoto T. Inhibition of DNA damage-induced apoptosis through Cdc7-mediated stabilization of Tob. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:40256-65. [PMID: 23066029 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.353805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing unnecessary cell death is essential for DNA-damaged cells to carry out the DNA repair process. RESULTS Cdc7 inhibits the Cul4-DDB1(Cdt2)-dependent Tob degradation. CONCLUSION Cdc7 enables mild DNA-damaged cells to keep their viability by competing with the Tob degradation system. SIGNIFICANCE Cells deal with moderate DNA damage not only by cessation of the cell cycle but also through direct mediated pro-survival signaling. Cells respond to DNA damage by activating alternate signaling pathways that induce proliferation arrest or apoptosis. The correct balance between these two pathways is important for maintaining genomic integrity and preventing unnecessary cell death. The mechanism by which DNA-damaged cells escape from apoptosis during DNA repair is poorly understood. We show that the DNA replication-initiating kinase Cdc7 actively prevents unnecessary death in DNA-damaged cells. In response to mild DNA damage, Tob levels increase through both a transcriptional mechanism and protein stabilization, resulting in inhibition of pro-apoptotic signaling. Cells lacking Cdc7 expression undergo apoptosis after mild DNA damage, where Cul4-DDB1(Cdt2) induces Tob ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. Cdc7 phosphorylates and interacts with Tob to inhibit the Cul4-DDB1(Cdt2)-dependent Tob degradation. Thus, Cdc7 defines an essential pro-survival signaling pathway by contributing to stabilization of Tob, thereby the viability of DNA-damaged cells being maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cancer Biology, Division of Oncology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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12
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Jeong Y, Xie Y, Lee W, Bookout AL, Girard L, Raso G, Behrens C, Wistuba II, Gadzar AF, Minna JD, Mangelsdorf DJ. Research resource: Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of nuclear receptor expression in lung cancer. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:1443-54. [PMID: 22700587 PMCID: PMC3404298 DOI: 10.1210/me.2011-1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite a number of studies that have provided prognostic biomarkers for lung cancer, a paucity of reliable markers and therapeutic targets exist to diagnose and treat this aggressive disease. In this study we investigated the potential of nuclear receptors (NRs), many of which are well-established drug targets, as therapeutic markers in lung cancer. Using quantitative real-time PCR, we analyzed the expression of the 48 members of the NR superfamily in a human panel of 55 normal and lung cancer cell lines. Unsupervised cluster analysis of the NR expression profile segregated normal from tumor cell lines and grouped lung cancers according to type (i.e. small vs. non-small cell lung cancers). Moreover, we found that the NR signature was 79% accurate in diagnosing lung cancer incidence in smokers (n = 129). Finally, the evaluation of a subset of NRs (androgen receptor, estrogen receptor, vitamin D receptor, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ) demonstrated the therapeutic potential of using NR expression to predict ligand-dependent growth responses in individual lung cancer cells. Preclinical evaluation of one of these receptors (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ) in mouse xenografts confirmed that ligand-dependent inhibitory growth responses in lung cancer can be predicted based on a tumor's receptor expression status. Taken together, this study establishes NRs as theragnostic markers for predicting lung cancer incidence and further strengthens their potential as therapeutic targets for individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangsik Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwon-do 220-701, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Fujimura T, Takahashi S, Urano T, Tanaka T, Zhang W, Azuma K, Takayama K, Obinata D, Murata T, Horie-Inoue K, Kodama T, Ouchi Y, Homma Y, Inoue S. Clinical significance of steroid and xenobiotic receptor and its targeted gene CYP3A4 in human prostate cancer. Cancer Sci 2011; 103:176-80. [PMID: 22050110 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02143.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The steroid and xenobiotic receptor (SXR) regulates cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, which are key inactivators of testosterone in the liver and prostate. In the present study, we investigated SXR expression in human prostate tissues. We determined SXR immunoreactivity using an anti-SXR antibody in benign (n = 78) and cancerous (n = 106) tissues obtained by radical prostatectomy. Stained slides were evaluated for the proportion and staining intensity of immunoreactive cells. Total immunoreactivity (IR) scores (range: 0-8) were calculated as the sum of the proportion and intensity scores. Associations between the clinicopathological features of the patients, SXR status, and CYP3A4 immunoreactivity were analyzed. Western blot analyses validated the specificity of the anti-SXR antibody in 293T cells transfected with pcDNA-FLAG-SXR. Positive (IR score: ≥ 2) nuclear SXR staining was observed in 91% (71/78) of benign foci and 47% (50/106) of cancerous lesions. Immunoreactivity scores were significantly lower in the cancerous lesions than in the benign foci (P < 0.0001). Clinicopathological analyses showed that cancer-specific survival in patients with high SXR IR scores (≥ 4) was significantly increased (P = 0.046). Combined data of present and previous studies showed that high IR scores for both the SXR and CYP3A4 correlated with significantly better cancer-specific survival rates in multivariate regression analyses (hazard ratio: 2.15, 95% confidence interval: 1.25-3.55, P = 0.007). We showed differential SXR expression in human prostate tissues. The high expression of the SXR and CYP3A4 is a strong prognostic indicator of favorable outcomes in prostate cancer, and could be a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Fujimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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14
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15
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Sasa M, Inoue I, Shinoda Y, Takahashi S, Seo M, Komoda T, Awata T, Katayama S. Activating effect of momordin, extract of bitter melon (Momordica Charantia L.), on the promoter of human PPARdelta. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:888-92. [PMID: 20032574 DOI: 10.5551/jat.2790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) is a common vegetable grown in Okinawa that has also been used recently in medicine for the treatment of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Among Bitter melon extracts compounds, we focused on an extract known as momordin in the present study, to examine its effect on peroxisome-proliferator activated-receptor (PPAR) delta (also called PPARdelta in rodents) expression and promoter activity of the human PPARdelta gene. METHODS A human PPARdelta promoter-reporter plasmid was made as a template from a BAC CLONE (RPCI-11C) containing a -3076 bp (BglI site) +74 bp (EcoRI site) sequence. Luciferase assay of PPARdelta promoter activity was performed using HepG2 cells. RESULTS 10 and 25 nM Momordin significantly increased the expression of PPARdelta mRNA 1.5-fold (relative to the control). Moreover, 10 and 25 nM Momordin significantly increased PPARdelta promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner, reaching more than 1.5-fold relative to the control. CONCLUSION Our present data obtained through successful cloning of the PPARdelta promoter demonstrate that PPARdelta production and activation are upregulated through PPARdelta promoter activity following momordin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Sasa
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Saitama Medical University, Japan
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16
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Saito Y, Hamakubo T, Yoshida Y, Ogawa Y, Hara Y, Fujimura H, Imai Y, Iwanari H, Mochizuki Y, Shichiri M, Nishio K, Kinumi T, Noguchi N, Kodama T, Niki E. Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against oxidized DJ-1. Significant elevation of oxidized DJ-1 in erythrocytes of early-stage Parkinson disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2009; 465:1-5. [PMID: 19733211 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.08.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2009] [Revised: 08/25/2009] [Accepted: 08/29/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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17
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Takegoshi S, Jiang S, Ohashi R, Savchenko AS, Iwanari H, Tanaka T, Hasegawa G, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Naito M. Protein expression of nuclear receptors in human and murine tissues. Pathol Int 2009; 59:61-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1827.2008.02330.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Okauchi Y, Iwahashi H, Okita K, Yuan M, Matsuda M, Tanaka T, Miyagawa J, Funahashi T, Horikawa Y, Shimomura I, Yamagata K. PGC-1alpha Gly482Ser polymorphism is associated with the plasma adiponectin level in type 2 diabetic men. Endocr J 2008; 55:991-7. [PMID: 18614852 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k08e-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1alpha) is a multifunctional transcriptional regulator for the pathways controlling mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative metabolism, and glucose homeostasis. Genetic studies have suggested that Gly482Ser polymorphism of the PGC-1alpha gene is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and hypertension. Adiponectin is an antidiabetic and antiatherogenic adipocytokine that is specifically produced by adipose tissue, and the transcription of the adiponectin gene is regulated by PPARgamma. In this study, we examined the effect of Gly482Ser polymorphism on the plasma adiponectin level in Japanese type 2 diabetics. The Gly482Ser genotype was associated with a lower plasma adiponectin level in type 2 diabetic men, but not in type 2 diabetic women. The impact of this variation on the adiponectin promoter was also assessed by a reporter gene assay, but there was no significant difference between activation by the wild type and Gly482Ser- PGC-1alpha proteins, indicating that this variation itself has no functional effect. Evaluation of the pattern of linkage disequilibrium revealed that the Gly482Ser polymorphism is located in the largest linkage disequilibrium block of the PGC-1alpha gene. Therefore the observed gender-specific association between PGC-1alpha and the plasma adiponectin level may reflect linkage disequilibrium of Gly482Ser polymorphism with other causative variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiyoshi Okauchi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yorikawa C, Takaya E, Osako Y, Tanaka R, Terasawa Y, Hamakubo T, Mochizuki Y, Iwanari H, Kodama T, Maeda T, Hitomi K, Shibata H, Maki M. Human calpain 7/PalBH associates with a subset of ESCRT-III-related proteins in its N-terminal region and partly localizes to endocytic membrane compartments. J Biochem 2008; 143:731-45. [PMID: 18316332 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvn030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calpain 7 (also known as PalBH) is a mammalian homologue of the Aspergillus, atypical calpain PalB. Knowledge of the biochemical properties of calpain 7 is limited and its function is not yet known. In this study, we investigated the interactions of calpain 7 with all 11 ESCRT-III-related proteins, named charged multivesicular body proteins (CHMPs), and the subcellular localization of calpain 7. Pulldown assays using stable HEK293T transfectants of Strep-tagged calpain 7 revealed interactions of calpain 7 with a subset of FLAG-tagged CHMPs, among which CHMP1B was selected for further analyses. The N-terminal region containing a tandem repeat of MIT domains of calpain 7 was found to be necessary and sufficient for interaction with CHMP1B. Direct interaction was confirmed by a pulldown assay using recombinant proteins. Fluorescence microscopic analysis using HeLa cells revealed that overexpression of GFP-fused CHMPs or a dominant-negative construct of SKD1/Vps4B caused accumulation of epitope-tagged calpain 7 in a punctate pattern in the perinuclear area. Subcellular fractionation revealed that the most of endogenous calpain 7 is present in the cytosol but a small portion is present in particulate fractions. Punctate fluorescence signals of monomeric GFP-fused calpain 7 partly merged with those of endocytosed tetramethylrhodamine-labelled EGF. These results suggest that calpain 7 plays roles in the endosomal pathway by interacting with a subset of ESCRT-III-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Yorikawa
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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Mäkelä AR, Oker-Blom C. Baculovirus display: a multifunctional technology for gene delivery and eukaryotic library development. Adv Virus Res 2006; 68:91-112. [PMID: 16997010 PMCID: PMC7112267 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(06)68003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
For over a decade, phage display has proven to be of immense value, allowing selection of a large variety of genes with novel functions from diverse libraries. However, the folding and modification requirements of complex proteins place a severe constraint on the type of protein that can be successfully displayed using this strategy, a restriction that could be resolved by similarly engineering a eukaryotic virus for display purposes. The quite recently established eukaryotic molecular biology tool, the baculovirus display vector system (BDVS), allows combination of genotype with phenotype and thereby enables presentation of eukaryotic proteins on the viral envelope or capsid. Data have shown that the baculovirus, Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), is a versatile tool for eukaryotic virus display. Insertion of heterologous peptides and/or proteins into the viral surface by utilizing the major envelope glycoprotein gp64, or foreign membrane-derived counterparts, allows incorporation of the sequence of interest onto the surface of infected cells and virus particles. A number of strategies are being investigated in order to further develop the display capabilities of AcMNPV and improve the complexity of a library that may be accommodated. Numerous expression vectors for various approaches of surface display have already been developed. Further improvement of both insertion and selection strategies toward development of a refined tool for use in the creation of useful eukaryotic libraries is, however, needed. Here, the status of baculovirus display with respect to alteration of virus tropism, antigen presentation, transgene expression in mammalian cells, and development of eukaryotic libraries will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Mäkelä
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, NanoScience Center University of Jyväskylä, FIN-40014, Finland
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22
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Ito H, Funahashi SI, Yamauchi N, Shibahara J, Midorikawa Y, Kawai S, Kinoshita Y, Watanabe A, Hippo Y, Ohtomo T, Iwanari H, Nakajima A, Makuuchi M, Fukayama M, Hirata Y, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Tsuchiya M, Aburatani H. Identification of ROBO1 as a novel hepatocellular carcinoma antigen and a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target. Clin Cancer Res 2006; 12:3257-64. [PMID: 16740745 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary malignancy of the liver and accounts for as many as one million deaths annually worldwide. The present study was done to identify new transmembrane molecules for antibody therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Gene expression profiles of pooled total RNA from three tissues each of moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma were compared with those of normal liver, noncancerous liver tissue in hepatocellular carcinoma patients, 30 normal tissue samples, and five fetal tissue samples. Target genes up-regulated specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma were validated by immunohistochemical analysis and complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay using monoclonal antibodies generated against target molecules. RESULTS The human homologue of the Drosophila Roundabout gene, axon guidance receptor homologue 1, ROBO1/DUTT1, a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas it showed only a limited distribution in normal tissues. On immunohistochemical analysis using a newly generated anti-ROBO1 monoclonal antibody, positive signals were observed in 83 of 98 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (84.7%). The mAb B2318C induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity in ROBO1-expressing cell lines and in the liver cancer cell line PLC/PRF/5. Strikingly, the ectodomain of ROBO1 was detected not only in the culture medium of liver cancer cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, HepG2, etc.) but also in sera from hepatocellular carcinoma patients (6 of 11). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that ROBO1 is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and shed into serum in humans. These observations suggest that ROBO1 is a potential new serologic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma and may represent a new therapeutic target.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/biosynthesis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- COS Cells
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/blood
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Liver Neoplasms/blood
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/blood
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Immunologic/blood
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Up-Regulation/genetics
- Roundabout Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Ito
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Japan
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Tanaka T, Jiang S, Hotta H, Takano K, Iwanari H, Sumi K, Daigo K, Ohashi R, Sugai M, Ikegame C, Umezu H, Hirayama Y, Midorikawa Y, Hippo Y, Watanabe A, Uchiyama Y, Hasegawa G, Reid P, Aburatani H, Hamakubo T, Sakai J, Naito M, Kodama T. Dysregulated expression of P1 and P2 promoter-driven hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α in the pathogenesis of human cancer. J Pathol 2006; 208:662-72. [PMID: 16400631 DOI: 10.1002/path.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF4alpha) exists in multiple isoforms that are generated by alternative promoter (P1 and P2) usage and splicing. Here we establish monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for detecting P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4alpha, and evaluate their expression in normal adult human tissues and surgically resected carcinomas of different origins. Using immunohistochemical analysis, we demonstrate that, while P1 promoter-driven HNF4alpha is expressed in hepatocytes, small intestine, colon, kidney and epididymis, P2 promoter-driven HNF4alpha is expressed in bile duct, pancreas, stomach, small intestine, colon and epididymis. Altered expression patterns of P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4alpha were observed in gastric, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinomas. HNF4alpha was expressed in lung metastases from renal cell, hepatocellular and colorectal carcinoma but was not observed in lung tumours. The P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4alpha expression pattern of tumour metastases correlated with the primary site of origin. P1 promoter-driven HNF4alpha was also found in intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. These data provide evidence for the tissue distribution of P1 and P2 promoter-driven HNF4alpha at the protein level and suggest that HNF4alpha may be a novel diagnostic marker for metastases of unknown primary. We propose that the dysregulation of alternative promoter usage of HNF4alpha is associated with the pathogenesis of certain cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibody Specificity
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/genetics
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/immunology
- Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Male
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/immunology
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Precancerous Conditions/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tanaka
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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24
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Tachibana K, Kobayashi Y, Tanaka T, Tagami M, Sugiyama A, Katayama T, Ueda C, Yamasaki D, Ishimoto K, Sumitomo M, Uchiyama Y, Kohro T, Sakai J, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Doi T. Gene expression profiling of potential peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) target genes in human hepatoblastoma cell lines inducibly expressing different PPAR isoforms. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR 2005; 3:3. [PMID: 16197558 PMCID: PMC1262764 DOI: 10.1186/1478-1336-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors and commonly play an important role in the regulation of lipid homeostasis. To identify human PPARs-responsive genes, we established tetracycline-regulated human hepatoblastoma cell lines that can be induced to express each human PPAR and investigated the gene expression profiles of these cells. RESULTS The expression of each introduced PPAR gene was investigated using the various concentrations of doxycycline in the culture media. We found that the expression of each PPAR subtype was tightly controlled by the concentration of doxycycline in these established cell lines. DNA microarray analyses using these cell lines were performed with or without adding each subtype ligand and provided much important information on the PPAR target genes involved in lipid metabolism, transport, storage and other activities. Interestingly, it was noted that while ligand-activated PPARdelta induced target gene expression, unliganded PPARdelta repressed these genes. The real-time RT-PCR was used to verify the altered expression of selected genes by PPARs and we found that these genes were induced to express in the same pattern as detected in the microarray analyses. Furthermore, we analysed the 5'-flanking region of the human adipose differentiation-related protein (adrp) gene that responded to all subtypes of PPARs. From the detailed analyses by reporter assays, the EMSAs, and ChIP assays, we determined the functional PPRE of the human adrp gene. CONCLUSION The results suggest that these cell lines are important tools used to identify the human PPARs-responsive genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Tachibana
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yumi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tagami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sugiyama
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Perseus Proteomics Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Katayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamasaki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Ishimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mikako Sumitomo
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Uchiyama
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Perseus Proteomics Inc, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Kohro
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Juro Sakai
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for System Biology and Medicine, The Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takefumi Doi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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25
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Baculovirus as versatile vectors for protein expression in insect and mammalian cells. Nat Biotechnol 2005; 23:567-75. [PMID: 15877075 PMCID: PMC3610534 DOI: 10.1038/nbt1095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Today, many thousands of recombinant proteins, ranging from cytosolic enzymes to membrane-bound proteins, have been successfully produced in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Yet, in addition to its value in producing recombinant proteins in insect cells and larvae, this viral vector system continues to evolve in new and unexpected ways. This is exemplified by the development of engineered insect cell lines to mimic mammalian cell glycosylation of expressed proteins, baculovirus display strategies and the application of the virus as a mammalian-cell gene delivery vector. Novel vector design and cell engineering approaches will serve to further enhance the value of baculovirus technology.
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26
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Tachibana M, Ueda J, Fukuda M, Takeda N, Ohta T, Iwanari H, Sakihama T, Kodama T, Hamakubo T, Shinkai Y. Histone methyltransferases G9a and GLP form heteromeric complexes and are both crucial for methylation of euchromatin at H3-K9. Genes Dev 2005; 19:815-26. [PMID: 15774718 PMCID: PMC1074319 DOI: 10.1101/gad.1284005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone H3 Lys 9 (H3-K9) methylation is a crucial epigenetic mark for transcriptional silencing. G9a is the major mammalian H3-K9 methyltransferase that targets euchromatic regions and is essential for murine embryogenesis. There is a single G9a-related methyltransferase in mammals, called GLP/Eu-HMTase1. Here we show that GLP is also important for H3-K9 methylation of mouse euchromatin. GLP-deficiency led to embryonic lethality, a severe reduction of H3-K9 mono- and dimethylation, the induction of Mage-a gene expression, and HP1 relocalization in embryonic stem cells, all of which were phenotypes of G9a-deficiency. Furthermore, we show that G9a and GLP formed a stoichiometric heteromeric complex in a wide variety of cell types. Biochemical analyses revealed that formation of the G9a/GLP complex was dependent on their enzymatic SET domains. Taken together, our new findings revealed that G9a and GLP cooperatively exert H3-K9 methyltransferase function in vivo, likely through the formation of higher-order heteromeric complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Tachibana
- Experimental Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virus Research, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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27
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Annicotte JS, Fayard E, Swift GH, Selander L, Edlund H, Tanaka T, Kodama T, Schoonjans K, Auwerx J. Pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 regulates expression of liver receptor homolog 1 during pancreas development. Mol Cell Biol 2003; 23:6713-24. [PMID: 12972592 PMCID: PMC193920 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.23.19.6713-6724.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver receptor homolog 1 (LRH-1) and pancreatic-duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX-1) are coexpressed in the pancreas during mouse embryonic development. Analysis of the regulatory region of the human LRH-1 gene demonstrated the presence of three functional binding sites for PDX-1. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that PDX-1 bound to the LRH-1 promoter, both in cultured cells in vitro and during pancreatic development in vivo. Retroviral expression of PDX-1 in pancreatic cells induced the transcription of LRH-1, whereas reduced PDX-1 levels by RNA interference attenuated its expression. Consistent with direct regulation of LRH-1 expression by PDX-1, PDX-1(-/-) mice expressed smaller amounts of LRH-1 mRNA in the embryonic pancreas. Taken together, our data indicate that PDX-1 controls LRH-1 expression and identify LRH-1 as a novel downstream target in the PDX-1 regulatory cascade governing pancreatic development, differentiation, and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Annicotte
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS, INSERM, ULP 67404, Illkirch, France
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28
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Urano Y, Yamaguchi M, Fukuda R, Masuda K, Takahashi K, Uchiyama Y, Iwanari H, Jiang SY, Naito M, Kodama T, Hamakubo T. A novel method for viral display of ER membrane proteins on budded baculovirus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 308:191-6. [PMID: 12890500 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)01355-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The baculovirus expression system has been used to express large quantities of various proteins, including membrane receptors. Here, we reveal a novel property of this expression system to be that certain membrane proteins can be displayed on the budded virus itself. We introduced the genes encoding sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) or SREBP cleavage-activating protein (SCAP), important integral membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and/or the Golgi apparatus related to cellular cholesterol regulation, into a baculovirus vector. When insect cells were infected with SREBP-2 or SCAP recombinant viruses, it was found that these ER membrane proteins appeared on the budded baculovirus in addition to the host cell membrane fraction. Compared to proteins expressed on the cell membrane, membrane proteins displayed on virus exhibited both less aggregation and less degradation upon immunoblotting. Using this viral displayed SCAP as the screening antigen, we then generated a new monoclonal antibody specific against SCAP, which was useful for immunological localization studies. This system, which takes advantage of the viral display of membrane proteins, should prove to be a powerful additional tool for postgenomic protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuomi Urano
- Department of Molecular Biology, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, #35 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
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29
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Jiang S, Tanaka T, Iwanari H, Hotta H, Yamashita H, Kumakura J, Watanabe Y, Uchiyama Y, Aburatani H, Hamakubo T, Kodama T, Naito M. Expression and localization of P1 promoter-driven hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α) isoforms in human and rats. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR 2003; 1:5. [PMID: 12952540 PMCID: PMC194242 DOI: 10.1186/1478-1336-1-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2003] [Accepted: 08/08/2003] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α (HNF4α; NR2A1) is an orphan member of the nuclear receptor superfamily involved in various processes that could influence endoderm development, glucose and lipid metabolism. A loss-of-function mutation in human HNF4α causes one form of diabetes mellitus called maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 1 (MODY1) which is characterized in part by a diminished insulin secretory response to glucose. The expression of HNF4α in a variety of tissues has been examined predominantly at the mRNA level, and there is little information regarding the cellular localization of the endogenous HNF4α protein, due, in part, to the limited availability of human HNF4α-specific antibodies. RESULTS Monoclonal antibodies have been produced using baculovirus particles displaying gp64-HNF4α fusion proteins as the immunizing agent. The mouse anti-human HNF4α monoclonal antibody (K9218) generated against human HNF4α1/α2/α3 amino acids 3-49 was shown to recognize not only the transfected and expressed P1 promoter-driven HNF4α proteins, but also endogenous proteins. Western blot analysis with whole cell extracts from Hep G2, Huh7 and Caco-2 showed the expression of HNF4α protein, but HEK293 showed no expression of HNF4α protein. Nuclear-specific localization of the HNF4α protein was observed in the hepatocytes of liver cells, proximal tubular epithelial cells of kidney, and mucosal epithelial cells of small intestine and colon, but no HNF4α protein was detected in the stomach, pancreas, glomerulus, and distal and collecting tubular epithelial cells of kidney. The same tissue distribution of HNF4α protein was observed in humans and rats. Electron microscopic immunohistochemistry showed a chromatin-like localization of HNF4α in the liver and kidney. As in the immunohistochemical investigation using K9218, HNF4α mRNA was found to be localized primarily to liver, kidney, small intestine and colon by RT-PCR and GeneChip analysis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that this method has the potential to produce valuable antibodies without the need for a protein purification step. Immunohistochemical studies indicate the tissue and subcellular specific localization of HNF4α and demonstrate the utility of K9218 for the detection of P1 promoter-driven HNF4α isoforms in humans and in several other mammalian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Jiang
- Department of Cellular Function, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Pharmacology II, Department of Research and Development, Grelan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiromitsu Hotta
- Department of Cellular Function, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Biological Chemistry III, New Drug Research Department, Kowa Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Naito
- Department of Cellular Function, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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30
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Watanabe Y, Tanaka T, Uchiyama Y, Takeno T, Izumi A, Yamashita H, Kumakura J, Iwanari H, Shu-Ying J, Naito M, Mangelsdorf DJ, Hamakubo T, Kodama T. Establishment of a monoclonal antibody for human LXRalpha: Detection of LXRalpha protein expression in human macrophages. NUCLEAR RECEPTOR 2003; 1:1. [PMID: 12904258 PMCID: PMC166117 DOI: 10.1186/1478-1336-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2003] [Accepted: 05/09/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver X activated receptor alpha (LXRalpha) forms a functional dimeric nuclear receptor with RXR that regulates the metabolism of several important lipids, including cholesterol and bile acids. As compared with RXR, the LXRalpha protein level in the cell is low and the LXRalpha protein itself is very hard to detect. We have previously reported that the mRNA for LXRalpha is highly expressed in human cultured macrophages. In order to confirm the presence of the LXRalpha protein in the human macrophage, we have established a monoclonal antibody against LXRalpha, K-8607. The binding of mAb K-8607 to the human LXRalpha protein was confirmed by a wide variety of different techniques, including immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). By immunoblotting with this antibody, the presence of native LXR protein in primary cultured human macrophage was demonstrated, as was its absence in human monocytes. This monoclonal anti-LXRalpha antibody should prove to be a useful tool in the analysis of the human LXRalpha protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), Tokyo, Japan
- Immunology Research Dept, Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories II, Pharmaceutical division, Kowa Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiya Tanaka
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Uchiyama
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsu Takeno
- Immunology Research Dept, Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories II, Pharmaceutical division, Kowa Co, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akashi Izumi
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Jiang Shu-Ying
- Department of Cellular Function, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Makoto Naito
- Department of Cellular Function, Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - David J Mangelsdorf
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Texas, USA
| | - Takao Hamakubo
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST), Tokyo, Japan
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