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Bozbas E, Zhou R, Soyama S, Allen-Redpath K, Mitchell JL, Fisk HL, Calder PC, Jones C, Gibbins JM, Fischer R, Hester S, Yaqoob P. Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids alter the number, fatty acid profile and coagulatory activity of circulating and platelet-derived extracellular vesicles: a randomized, controlled crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1175-1186. [PMID: 38484976 PMCID: PMC11130656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are proposed to play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and are considered emerging markers of CVDs. n-3 PUFAs are abundant in oily fish and fish oil and are reported to reduce CVD risk, but there has been little research to date examining the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the generation and function of EVs. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the effects of fish oil supplementation on the number, generation, and function of EVs in subjects with moderate risk of CVDs. METHODS A total of 40 participants with moderate risk of CVDs were supplemented with capsules containing either fish oil (1.9 g/d n-3 PUFAs) or control oil (high-oleic safflower oil) for 12 wk in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover intervention study. The effects of fish oil supplementation on conventional CVD and thrombogenic risk markers were measured, along with the number and fatty acid composition of circulating and platelet-derived EVs (PDEVs). PDEV proteome profiles were evaluated, and their impact on coagulation was assessed using assays including fibrin clot formation, thrombin generation, fibrinolysis, and ex vivo thrombus formation. RESULTS n-3 PUFAs decreased the numbers of circulating EVs by 27%, doubled their n-3 PUFA content, and reduced their capacity to support thrombin generation by >20% in subjects at moderate risk of CVDs. EVs derived from n-3 PUFA-enriched platelets in vitro also resulted in lower thrombin generation, but did not alter thrombus formation in a whole blood ex vivo assay. CONCLUSIONS Dietary n-3 PUFAs alter the number, composition, and function of EVs, reducing their coagulatory activity. This study provides clear evidence that EVs support thrombin generation and that this EV-dependent thrombin generation is reduced by n-3 PUFAs, which has implications for prevention and treatment of thrombosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03203512.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bozbas
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Ruihan Zhou
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Shin Soyama
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Allen-Redpath
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Joanne L Mitchell
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Helena L Fisk
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Jones
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Svenja Hester
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Parveen Yaqoob
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.
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Agyekum JA, Yeboah K. Angiopoietin-2 Is Associated with Aortic Stiffness in Diabetes Patients in Ghana: A Case-Control Study. Int J Vasc Med 2023; 2023:3155982. [PMID: 37869582 PMCID: PMC10586911 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3155982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Impaired angiogenesis, measured as serum levels of angiogenic growth factors, may be among the mechanisms underlining aortic stiffness in diabetes patients. We studied the association between aortic stiffness and circulating angiogenic growth factors in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without any organ damage. Methods In a case-control design, aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and aortic blood pressures (BPs) were measured in 140 T2DM patients and 110 nondiabetic controls. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure the levels of angiopoietin- (Ang-) 1, Ang-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF). Results Compared to nondiabetes participants, T2DM patients had increased PWV (8.7 ± 1.5 vs. 7.6 ± 1.3, p = 0.031), aortic pulse BP (58 ± 20 vs. 49 ± 17, p = 0.011), Ang-2 (838 (473-1241) vs. 597 (274-1005), p = 0.018), and VEGF (72.2 (28-201.8) vs. 48.4 (17.4-110.1), p = 0.025) but reduced levels of AIx (21.7 ± 13.8 vs. 34 ± 12.9, p < 0.001) and Ang-1 (33.1 (24.7-42.1) vs. 41.1 (30-57.3), p = 0.01). In all study participants, compared to those in the lower tertile, participants in the upper tertile of Ang-2 had increased odds of PWV (2.01 (1.17-3.84), p = 0.004), aortic systolic BP (1.24 (1.04-1.97), p = 0.011), and aortic pulse BP (1.19 (1.04-1.82), p = 0.041) but reduced odds of AIx (0.84 (0.71-0.96), p = 0.014) in multivariable-adjusted models. Conclusion In our study population, increased circulating Ang-2 was associated with increased levels of aortic stiffness parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Agyekum
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
- Medical Laboratory Unit, Mamprobi Hospital, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwame Yeboah
- Department of Physiology, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
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Kanakalakshmi ST, Swaminathan SM, Basthi Mohan P, Nagaraju SP, Bhojaraja MV, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL. Microparticles in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Clin Chim Acta 2022; 531:418-425. [PMID: 35568209 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetickidneydisease(DKD)isthemostcommoncauseofrenal failure and a major contributor to the socioeconomic burden in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients worldwide. The pathogenesis of DKD involves all the structures in the nephron, and it is indicated by proteinuria, hypertension, and progressive decline in renal function, leading tosubstantialmorbidityandmortality. Due to the limitations of currently available standard markers (albuminuria and glomerular filtration rate) in the diagnosis and clinical grading of DKD, it's time to have novel biomarkers for early detection, targeted and effective therapy to prevent the progression. Microparticles (MPs) are extracellular vesicles measuring 0.1 to 1 micron derived by cytoskeletal reorganization in the form of cytoplasmic blebs which alters the phospholipid cytochemistry of the cell membrane. They are shed during cell activation and apoptosis as well as plays an important role in cell-to-cell communication. Over the last few decades, both plasma and urinary MPs have been investigated, validated and the preliminary research looks promising. With alterations in their number and composition documented in clinical situations involving both Type1 and 2 diabetes mellitus, microparticles assay appears to be promising in early diagnosis and prognostication of DKD. WecoverthebasicsofmicroparticlesandtheirinvolvementinDKDinthisreviewarticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushma Thimmaiah Kanakalakshmi
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilna Muttickal Swaminathan
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Pooja Basthi Mohan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shankar Prasad Nagaraju
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohan V Bhojaraja
- Department of Nephrology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Chiva-Blanch G, Bratseth V, Laake K, Arnesen H, Solheim S, Schmidt EB, Badimon L, Seljeflot I. One year of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation does not reduce circulating prothrombotic microvesicles in elderly subjects after suffering a myocardial infarction. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5674-5677. [PMID: 34742136 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circulating microvesicles (cMV) are both effectors and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and the effects of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3 PUFA) in MV shedding are not yet well known. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of long-term n3 PUFA supplementation on cMV release from cells of the vascular compartment in elderly subjects at very high risk of CVD. METHODS We included 156 elderly patients 2-8 weeks after suffering an acute myocardial infarction from the OMEMI cohort. Subjects were randomly allocated to receive 930 mg EPA + 660 mg DHA (n3 PUFA intervention) or corn oil (56% linoleic acid, 32% oleic acid, 10% palmitic acid) used as placebo daily for two years. At inclusion and after one-year follow-up, prothrombotic [annexin V (AV)+] cMV derived from blood and vascular cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry. RESULTS No differences were observed in the levels of cMV between the randomized groups at inclusion in the study. After one-year follow-up, total AV+, platelet-derived CD61+/AV+, and endothelial-derived CD31+/AV+ and CD31+/CD42b-/AV+ cMV increased significantly in both groups. In the n3 PUFA supplemented group, platelet-derived CD62P+/AV+, CD42b+/AV+ and CD31+/CD42b+/AV+; leukocyte-derived CD62L+/AV+, CD45+/AV+, and CD11b+/AV+, as well as endothelial derived CD146+/AV+, CD62E+/AV+, and CD309+/AV+ cMV also increased significantly. No significant differences were however, observed in the changes of cMV levels between groups. CONCLUSION In elderly Norwegians who have suffered a recent acute myocardial infarction and treated as per guidelines, long-term supplementation with 1.8 g/day n3 PUFA does not modulate prothrombotic MV release from blood and vascular cells. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT01841944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Vibeke Bratseth
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Laake
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Harald Arnesen
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | - Svein Solheim
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ingebjørg Seljeflot
- Center for Clinical Heart Research, Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, 0372, Oslo, Norway
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Luquero A, Vilahur G, Crespo J, Badimon L, Borrell‐Pages M. Microvesicles carrying LRP5 induce macrophage polarization to an anti-inflammatory phenotype. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7935-7947. [PMID: 34288375 PMCID: PMC8358886 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MV) contribute to cell-to-cell communication through their transported proteins and nucleic acids. MV, released into the extracellular space, exert paracrine regulation by modulating cellular responses after interaction with near and far target cells. MV are released at high concentrations by activated inflammatory cells. Different subtypes of human macrophages have been characterized based on surface epitopes being CD16+ macrophages associated with anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We have previously shown that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), a member of the LDLR family that participates in lipid homeostasis, is expressed in macrophage CD16+ with repair and survival functions. The goal of our study was to characterize the cargo and tentative function of macrophage-derived MV, whether LRP5 is delivered into MV and whether these MV are able to induce inflammatory cell differentiation to a specific CD16- or CD16+ phenotype. We show, for the first time, that lipid-loaded macrophages release MV containing LRP5. LDL loading induces increased expression of macrophage pro-inflammatory markers and increased release of MV containing pro-inflammatory markers. Conditioning of fresh macrophages with MV released by Lrp5-silenced macrophages induced the transcription of inflammatory genes and reduced the transcription of anti-inflammatory genes. Thus, MV containing LRP5 induce anti-inflammatory phenotypes in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aureli Luquero
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER‐CVInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Javier Crespo
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER‐CVInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Cardiovascular Research ChairUABBarcelonaSpain
| | - Maria Borrell‐Pages
- Cardiovascular Program ICCCIR‐Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauIIB‐Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- CIBER‐CVInstituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Arai K, Koba S, Yokota Y, Tsunoda F, Tsujita H, Kondo S, Tsukamoto S, Shoji M, Shinke T. Relationships of Fatty Acids, Delta-5 Desaturase Activity, and Lipid Profiles in Men with Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1216-1229. [PMID: 32595194 PMCID: PMC7803831 DOI: 10.5551/jat.55780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We evaluated the relationship between the ratios of eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid (EPA/AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/AA, and delta-5 desaturase activity (D5D) and atherogenic lipid profiles (ALP) and coronary atherosclerosis. METHODS Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and ALP were assessed in 436 men with the first episode of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) not take any lipid-lowering drugs. D5D was estimated as the ratio of AA to dihomogamma-linolenic acid (DGLA). These biomarkers were compared between the lower and higher levels of EPA/AA (0.41) or DHA/AA (0.93) according to the levels in Japanese general population. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow (TIMI) grade of the culprit coronary artery was visually estimated during the initial angiography. RESULTS Approximately 70% of patients had low EPA/AA or DHA/AA. Serum levels of LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B (apoB), and remnant lipoprotein cholesterol (RL-C) were significantly higher in the low EPA/AA or DHA/AA groups, while those of triglycerides and malondialdehyde-modified LDL (MDA-LDL) were significantly higher in the low EPA/AA group alone. The levels of EPA, EPA/AA, DHA/AA, and HbA1c increased and those of DGLA and apoA1 decreased with increasing number of stenotic vessels. Patients with three stenotic coronary vessels or TIMI grade ≥ 1 had significantly higher EPA levels compared with the others. The levels of LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, small dense LDL-cholesterol, RL-C, MDA-LDL, apoB, and apoE decreased progressively and those of EPA, DHA, EPA/AA and HDL-cholesterol increased as D5D increased. CONCLUSIONS The EPA/AA is a superior risk marker than DHA/AA in term of correlation with ALP in ACS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Arai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Shinji Koba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Yuya Yokota
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Fumiyoshi Tsunoda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hiroaki Tsujita
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Seita Kondo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeto Tsukamoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Makoto Shoji
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Toshiro Shinke
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Showa University School of Medicine
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Bazarbashi N, Miller M. Icosapent ethyl: drug profile and evidence of reduced residual cardiovascular risk in patients with statin-managed LDL-C cholesterol. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2020; 18:175-180. [DOI: 10.1080/14779072.2020.1749596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Najdat Bazarbashi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Miller
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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8
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Yu Y, Fang H, Qiu Z, Xia Z, Zhou B. DHA Attenuates Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury by Activating SSeCKS in Human Cerebrovascular Pericytes. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:310-321. [PMID: 31776970 PMCID: PMC6985071 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can alleviate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing blood–brain barrier permeability and maintaining its integrity, accompanied by an increased Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio; however, the underlying mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. Src-suppressed C kinase substrates (SSeCKS), a substrate of protein kinase C, plays an important role in maintaining cell junctions and cell morphology and regulating cell permeability. However, whether DHA can increase SSeCKS expression and then mediate the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio still needs to be studied. Human cerebrovascular pericytes (HBVPs) cultured in vitro were divided into groups, treated with or without DHA along with SSeCKS siRNA to knockdown SSeCKS expression, and then subjected to 24 h of hypoxia followed by 6 h of reoxygenation. Cell viability; lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; and Ang-1, Ang-2 and VEGF activity were detected by using ELISA kits. The apoptosis rate was assessed by TUNEL flow cytometry. Expression of the SSeCKS, Ang-1, Ang-2 and VEGF proteins was evaluated by western blotting. Pretreatment with 10 μM or 40 μM DHA efficiently attenuated hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by activating SSeCKS to increase the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio and downregulate VEGF expression in HBVPs, as evidenced by decreased LDH release and apoptotic rates and increased HBVPs viability. Meanwhile, after we used SSeCKS siRNA to knock down SSeCKS protein expression, the protective effect of DHA on HBVPs following H/R injury was reversed. In conclusion, DHA can activate SSeCKS to increase the Ang-1/Ang-2 ratio and downregulate VEGF expression in HBVPs, thus reducing H/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Haibin Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhen Qiu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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Chiva-Blanch G, Badimon L. Cross-Talk between Lipoproteins and Inflammation: The Role of Microvesicles. J Clin Med 2019; 8:E2059. [PMID: 31771128 PMCID: PMC6947387 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8122059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherothrombosis is the principal underlying cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Microvesicles (MV) are small blebs originated by an outward budding at the cell plasma membranes, which are released in normal conditions. However, MV release is increased in pathophysiologic conditions such as CVD. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and MV contribute to atherothrombosis onset and progression by promoting inflammation and leukocyte recruitment to injured endothelium, as well as by increasing thrombosis and plaque vulnerability. Moreover, (oxidized)LDL induces MV release and vice-versa, perpetuating endothelium injury leading to CVD progression. Therefore, MV and lipoproteins exhibit common features, which should be considered in the interpretation of their respective roles in the pathophysiology of CVD. Understanding the pathways implicated in this process will aid in developing novel therapeutic approaches against atherothrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Chiva-Blanch
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau—IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Program ICCC, Institut de Recerca Hospital Santa Creu i Sant Pau—IIB Sant Pau, Sant Antoni Maria Claret, 167, 08025 Barcelona, Spain;
- CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Salek M, Clark CCT, Taghizadeh M, Jafarnejad S. N-3 fatty acids as preventive and therapeutic agents in attenuating PCOS complications. EXCLI JOURNAL 2019; 18:558-575. [PMID: 31611740 PMCID: PMC6785778 DOI: 10.17179/excli2019-1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To our knowledge, in spite of several trials exploring the beneficial effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), no comprehensive evidence has investigated the effects of n-3 PUFA consumption on PCOS complications. Therefore, our aim was to conduct a review to investigate the possible effect and related mechanisms. A comprehensive systematic search was conducted in Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS, to identify studies investigating n-3 fatty acids as a preventative or therapeutic agent for the attenuation of PCOS complications. Subsequently, the impact of omega-3 on PCOS, omega-3 and inflammation, omega-3 and insulin resistance, omega-3 and adipokines, omega-3 and lipid metabolism, omega-3 and endothelial function and omega-3 and hormonal factors were discussed. There are multiple mechanisms by which n-3 PUFAs may exert their beneficial effects on PCOS, including anti-obesity, glycemic and hormonal hemostasis, anti-inflammatory, regulation of adipokine production and enhancement of endothelial function.N-3 PUFAs are a promising agent in relieving complications associated with PCOS. Although most of the studies in patients with PCOS reported an improvement in most complications after administration of omega-3 supplements, there is a distinct dearth of studies investigating the dietary intake of these types of fatty acids. Moreover, favorable effects regarding the improvement of dyslipidemia, regulation of adipokines, regulation of hormonal factors and enhancement of endothelial function are limited. Therefore, more trials are warranted to investigate palatable mechanisms for clarifying the metabolic and hormonal effects of these agents in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Salek
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
| | - Sadegh Jafarnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I.R. Iran
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Sheikh O, Vande Hei AG, Battisha A, Hammad T, Pham S, Chilton R. Cardiovascular, electrophysiologic, and hematologic effects of omega-3 fatty acids beyond reducing hypertriglyceridemia: as it pertains to the recently published REDUCE-IT trial. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2019; 18:84. [PMID: 31234885 PMCID: PMC6591979 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-019-0887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart disease continues to affect health outcomes globally, accounting for a quarter of all deaths in the United States. Despite the improvement in the development and implementation of guideline-directed medical therapy, the risk of adverse cardiac events remains substantially high. Historically, it has been debated whether omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide clinical benefit in cardiac disease. The recently published REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated a statistically significant absolute risk reduction of 4.8% in its primary endpoint (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or unstable angina) with the use of icosapent ethyl, which is a highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester. However, the mechanism of action of omega-3 fatty acids is not commonly discussed. Moreover, the use of EPA was not without risk, as the incidence of atrial fibrillation was increased along with a trend towards increased bleeding risk. Thus, our aim is to help explain the function of purified EPA ethyl ester, especially at the molecular level, which will ultimately lead to a better understanding of their clinically observable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sheikh
- Cardiology Division, University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7403 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | | | - Ayman Battisha
- Cardiology Division, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA
| | - Tarek Hammad
- Cardiology Division, University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7403 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Son Pham
- Cardiology Division, University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7403 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Robert Chilton
- Cardiology Division, University Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7403 Wurzbach Road, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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12
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Abstract
Microparticles are a distinctive group of small vesicles, without nucleus, which are involved as significant modulators in several physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms. Plasma microparticles from various cellular lines have been subject of research. Data suggest that they are key players in development and manifestation of cardiovascular diseases and their presence, in high levels, is associated with chronic inflammation, endothelial damage and thrombosis. The strong correlation of microparticle levels with several outcomes in cardiovascular diseases has led to their utilization as biomarkers. Despite the limited clinical application at present, their significance emerges, mainly because their detection and enumeration methods are improving. This review article summarizes the evidence derived from research, related with the genesis and the function of microparticles in the presence of various cardiovascular risk factors and conditions. The current data provide a substrate for several theories of how microparticles influence various cellular mechanisms by transferring biological information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Voukalis
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Eduard Shantsila
- a Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences , University of Birmingham , Birmingham , UK
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- b Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital , Liverpool , UK.,c Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit , Aalborg University , Aalborg , Denmark
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13
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Nomura S, Taniura T, Shouzu A, Omoto S, Suzuki M, Okuda Y, Ito T. Effects of sarpogrelate, eicosapentaenoic acid and pitavastatin on arterioslcerosis obliterans-related biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes (SAREPITASO study). Vasc Health Risk Manag 2018; 14:225-232. [PMID: 30271161 PMCID: PMC6151091 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s171143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to evaluate the significance of arteriosclerosis obliterans-related biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to compare the effects of sarpogrelate, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and pitavastatin on these markers. PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventy-two arteriosclerosis obliterans patients with T2DM were classified into two groups, pitavastatin with either sarpogrelate (PS) or EPA (PE). We observed no differences in all biomarkers between the PS and PE groups before treatments. RESULTS The levels of body mass index, hemoglobin A1c, soluble E-selectin, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and platelet-derived microparticle in the PE group decreased significantly after treatment. The ankle branchial pressure index and adiponectin levels significantly increased in the PE group after treatment compared with the PS group. CONCLUSION These results suggest that combination therapy using pitavastatin and EPA possesses an antiatherosclerotic effect and may be beneficial for prevention of vascular complications in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shosaku Nomura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata,
| | | | - Akira Shouzu
- Division of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Izuo Hospital, Osaka
| | - Seitaro Omoto
- Division of Internal Medicine, Korigaoka Yukeikai Hospital, Hirakata
| | | | - Yoshinori Okuda
- Division of Internal Medicine, Meisei Memorial Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata,
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14
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Landers-Ramos RQ, Serra MC, Blumenthal JB, Ryan AS, Hafer-Macko CE, Prior SJ. Type 2 diabetes and older age contribute to elevated plasma microparticle concentrations independent of chronic stroke. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1560-1570. [PMID: 30062787 DOI: 10.1113/ep087116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? What is the effect of chronic stroke on circulating microparticle populations, accounting for potential effects of age and type 2 diabetes? What is the main finding and its importance? Elevated concentrations of CD31+ /CD42b- and CD62E+ microparticles appear to be driven by type 2 diabetes but not chronic stroke and are associated with fasting glucose and triglyceride levels. Older age results in elevations in CD62E+ and CD34+ microparticle concentrations. These microparticles have been proposed as potential targets for diagnosing, treating and identifying the clinical progression and complications of type 2 diabetes. ABSTRACT The elevated circulating concentration of endothelial microparticles (MPs) may provide an index of the extent and nature of cellular damage in chronic stroke. The purpose of this study was to determine the circulating concentrations of CD31+ /CD42b- , CD62E+ and CD34+ MPs in chronic stroke subjects, focusing on the effects of chronic stroke by comparison with both older adults without a history of stroke but with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and older and young healthy controls. Plasma from three groups of sedentary older (50-75 years) men and women (chronic stroke, T2DM or older healthy) as well as a group of younger (18-39 years) healthy controls was isolated from fasting blood, and CD31+ /CD42b- , CD62E+ and CD34+ MPs were quantified using flow cytometry (n = 17/group). Concentrations of CD31+ /CD42b- and CD62E+ MPs were higher in the T2DM group (P < 0.05), but not chronic stroke, compared to older and younger healthy adults. CD62E+ MP and CD34+ MP concentrations were elevated in the older compared to younger adults (P < 0.05 for both). Sub-analyses excluding chronic stroke subjects who were also diagnosed with diabetes [stroke (diabetes- )] revealed lower CD31+ /CD42b- (P < 0.05) and CD62E+ (P = 0.08) MPs in the stroke (diabetes- ) group compared to the T2DM group. CD31+ /CD42b- MP and CD62E+ MP concentrations were each associated with fasting glucose levels and CD31+ /CD42b- MPs also were associated with triglyceride levels. As MPs have been proposed as potential targets for diagnosing, treating and identifying the clinical progression of T2DM, our study provides further support for the use of CD31+ /CD42b- and CD62E+ MPs in the clinical progression of T2DM and associated vascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian Q Landers-Ramos
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Monica C Serra
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA.,Emory University School of Medicine and Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jacob B Blumenthal
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA
| | - Alice S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA
| | - Charlene E Hafer-Macko
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA
| | - Steven J Prior
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Baltimore Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Baltimor, MD, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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15
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Farimani AR, Hariri M, Azimi-Nezhad M, Borji A, Zarei S, Hooshmand E. The effect of n-3 PUFAs on circulating adiponectin and leptin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Acta Diabetol 2018; 55:641-652. [PMID: 29453672 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-018-1110-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM N-3 PUFAs can potentially influence levels of inflammatory and non-inflammatory adipokines. Given the contradictory effects of n-3 PUFAs on serum levels of adipokines in type 2 diabetes, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis study of randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials that examined the effects of n-3 PUFAs on serum levels of leptin and adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS The electronic databases, without regard to language restrictions including PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science until August 2017, were used to identify randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of n-3 PUFAs on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in type 2 diabetes. Outcomes were extracted based on the mean ± SD as effect size at baseline and end of the intervention. Between-study heterogeneity was evaluated by the I2 estimates and their 95% CIs. Funnel plot asymmetry was used to investigate the existence of publication bias. Stata software and Review Manager were used for statistical data analysis. RESULTS Data from 10 eligible articles involved 494 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (intervention groups = 254 and control groups = 240), with age between 44 and 70 years, treated with doses of 0.52-7.4 g/day n-3 PUFAs. Adiponectin concentration nonsignificantly increased by a MD = 0.17 µg/mL (95% CI - 0.11, 0.44). Also, leptin concentration nonsignificantly reduced by a MD = - 0.31 ng/mL (95% CI - 0.69, 0.07). CONCLUSION Plant and marine sources of n-3 PUFAs can modify serum leptin and adiponectin levels by increasing adiponectin and decreasing leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Due to some limitations in this study, further studies are needed to reach a definitive conclusion about the effect of n-3 PUFAs on the levels of leptin and adiponectin in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rezaei Farimani
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mitra Hariri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Abasalt Borji
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Sadegh Zarei
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Zip code: 9314634814, Iran
| | - Elham Hooshmand
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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16
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Bahreini M, Ramezani AH, Shishehbor F, Mansoori A. The Effect of Omega-3 on Circulating Adiponectin in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Can J Diabetes 2018; 42:553-559. [PMID: 29567080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Whether consumption of omega-3 affects circulating adiponectin has not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 (food or supplement) on circulating adiponectin in patients with type 2 diabetes through a systematic review of meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant studies through May 2016. Two researchers screened and abstracted the literature independently. Pooled estimates were obtained using the random-effects models. Overall, omega-3 increased adiponectin by 0.57 µg/mL (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.15 to 1.31; p=0.01, I-square=74.2% p for heterogeneity <0.001). The source of observed heterogeneity was explored by subgroup analyses. In subgroup analyses, adiponectin levels increased only in those who had consumed omega-3 for more than 8 weeks. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials suggests that omega-3 in patients with type 2 diabetes increases circulating adiponectin. These findings support the potentially beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 in patients with type 2 diabetes on pathways related to adiponectin metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Bahreini
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Amir-Hossein Ramezani
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Farideh Shishehbor
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Anahita Mansoori
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Nutrition, School of Para-Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Ahvaz, Iran.
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17
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Pernomian L, Moreira JD, Gomes MS. In the View of Endothelial Microparticles: Novel Perspectives for Diagnostic and Pharmacological Management of Cardiovascular Risk during Diabetes Distress. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9685205. [PMID: 29862304 PMCID: PMC5971276 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9685205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute or chronic exposure to diabetes-related stressors triggers a specific psychological and behavior stress syndrome called diabetes distress, which underlies depressive symptoms in most diabetic patients. Distressed and/or depressive diabetic adults exhibit higher rates of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, which have been correlated to macrovascular complications evoked by diabetic behavior stress. Recent experimental findings clearly point out that oxidative stress accounts for the vascular dysfunction initiated by the exposure to life stressors in diabetic conditions. Moreover, oxidative stress has been described as the main autocrine and paracrine mechanism of cardiovascular damage induced by endothelial microparticles (anuclear ectosomal microvesicles released from injured endothelial cells) in diabetic subjects. Such robust relationship between oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases strongly suggests a critical role for endothelial microparticles as the primer messengers of the redox-dependent vascular dysfunction underlying diabetes distress. Here, we provide novel perspectives opened in the view of endothelial microparticles as promising diagnostic and pharmacotherapeutic biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in distressed diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Pernomian
- Department of Biosciences Applied to Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Jôsimar Dornelas Moreira
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Mayara Santos Gomes
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences from Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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18
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Circulating Angiogenic Growth Factors in Diabetes Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease and Exertional Leg Pain in Ghana. Int J Vasc Med 2017; 2017:2390174. [PMID: 29445546 PMCID: PMC5763056 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2390174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a common complication of diabetes, associated with impairment in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is regulated by angiogenic growth factors such as angiopoietin 1 (Ang-1), Ang-2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We studied the association between angiogenic growth factors versus PAD and exertional leg symptoms in diabetes patients in Ghana. Method In this cross-sectional study, ankle-brachial index was measured with oscillometrically and exertional leg symptoms were screened with Edinburgh claudication questionnaire in 140 diabetes patients and 110 nondiabetes individuals. Circulating levels of Ang-1, Ang-2, and VEGF were measured with immunosorbent assay. Results The prevalence of PAD and exertional leg pain was 16.8% and 24.8%, respectively. Compared to non-PAD participants, PAD patients had higher VEGF levels [85.8 (37.5–154.5) versus 57.7 (16.6–161.1) p = 0.032] and lower Ang-1 levels [31.3 (24.8–42.6) versus 40.9 (28.2–62.1), p = 0.017]. In multivariable logistic regression, patients with exertional leg pain had increased the odds of plasma Ang-2 levels [OR (95% CI): 2.08 (1.08–6.41), p = 0.036]. Conclusion Diabetes patients with PAD and exertional leg pain have imbalance in angiogenic growth factors, indicating impaired angiogenesis. In patients with exertional leg pains, Ang-2 may be an important biomarker.
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19
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Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microvesicles, are host cell-derived packages of information that allow cell-cell communication and enable cells to rid themselves of unwanted substances. The release and uptake of extracellular vesicles has important physiological functions and may also contribute to the development and propagation of inflammatory, vascular, malignant, infectious and neurodegenerative diseases. This Review describes the different types of extracellular vesicles, how they are detected and the mechanisms by which they communicate with cells and transfer information. We also describe their physiological functions in cellular interactions, such as in thrombosis, immune modulation, cell proliferation, tissue regeneration and matrix modulation, with an emphasis on renal processes. We discuss how the detection of extracellular vesicles could be utilized as biomarkers of renal disease and how they might contribute to disease processes in the kidney, such as in acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, renal transplantation, thrombotic microangiopathies, vasculitides, IgA nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome, urinary tract infection, cystic kidney disease and tubulopathies. Finally, we consider how the release or uptake of extracellular vesicles can be blocked, as well as the associated benefits and risks, and how extracellular vesicles might be used to treat renal diseases by delivering therapeutics to specific cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karpman
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Anne-Lie Ståhl
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ida Arvidsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Klinikgatan 28, 22184 Lund, Sweden
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20
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Jacobo-Cejudo MG, Valdés-Ramos R, Guadarrama-López AL, Pardo-Morales RV, Martínez-Carrillo BE, Harbige LS. Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9060573. [PMID: 28587203 PMCID: PMC5490552 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, with an imbalance in the secretion of adipokines and, worsening insulin resistance. Supplementation with n-3 PUFA in T2DM decreases inflammatory markers, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on adipokines, metabolic control, and lipid profile in T2DM Mexican adults. METHODS In a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study, 54 patients with T2DM received 520 mg of DHA + EPA-enriched fish-oil (FOG) or a placebo (PG) daily. Baseline and 24-week anthropometric and biochemical measurements included glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin (Hb1Ac), leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and lipid profile; n-3 PUFA intake was calculated in g/day. RESULTS Waist circumference and blood glucose showed significant reductions in the FOG group (p = 0.001 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hb1Ac (p = 0.009 and p = 0.004), leptin (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000), and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.000 and p < 0.000) decreased significantly in both groups after 24 weeks (FOG and PG respectively). Serum resistin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p = 0.001), insulin (FOG p < 0.000 and PG p < 0.000), and HOMA-IR (FOG p = 0.000 and PG p < 0.000) increased significantly in both groups. FOG had an overall improvement in the lipid profile with a significant decrease in triacylgycerols (p = 0.002) and atherogenic index (p = 0.031); in contrast, the PG group had increased total cholesterol (p < 0.000), non-HDL cholesterol (p < 0.000), and atherogenic index (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS We found a beneficial effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on waist circumference, glucose, Hb1Ac, leptin, leptin/adiponectin ratio, and lipid profile, without significant changes in adiponectin, and increases in resistin, insulin, and HOMA-IR in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gorety Jacobo-Cejudo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 50180, Mexico.
| | - Roxana Valdés-Ramos
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 50180, Mexico.
| | - Ana L Guadarrama-López
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 50180, Mexico.
| | - Rosa-Virgen Pardo-Morales
- Instlituto Materno-Infantil del Estado de México, Paseo Colón s/n, Col. Villa Hogar, Toluca 50170, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz E Martínez-Carrillo
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Tollocan esq. Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz, Toluca 50180, Mexico.
| | - Laurence S Harbige
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Computing, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Road, London N7 8DB, UK.
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Mazaherioun M, Saedisomeolia A, Javanbakht MH, Koohdani F, Eshraghian MR, Djalali M. Beneficial effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on adiponectin levels and AdipoR gene expression in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:716-724. [PMID: 28721137 PMCID: PMC5507109 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.62139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is evidence that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) exert beneficial effects to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but its complications remain poorly understood. Hypoadiponectinemia is one of the important mechanisms responsible for T2DM which necessitates developing novel therapeutic strategies. We aimed to determine the effect of n-3 PUFA supplementation on circulating adiponectin and mRNA expression of adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1, AdipoR2) and Sirt-1 in T2DM patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 10-week follow-up of n-3 PUFAs (2.7 g/day) vs. placebo in T2DM patients (n = 88) was conducted. In detail, T2DM patients (n = 44) were treated with n-3 PUFAs and the remainder received placebo. Anthropometric and metabolic characteristics were assessed in all participants. Circulating level of adiponectin and mRNA expression of AdipoR1, AdipoR2 and Sirt-1 were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using real-time polymerase chain reaction before and after the intervention. RESULTS It was found that n-3 PUFAs increased AdipoR1 gene expression (fold change = 1.321 in n-3 PUFAs vs. 1.037 in placebo) and AdipoR2 mRNA (fold change = 1.338 in n-3 PUFAs vs. 1.034 in placebo). No significant changes were observed for Sirt-1 expression. The serum level of adiponectin significantly (p = 0.035) increased in n-3 PUFAs (5.09 to 5.58 μg/ml) but remained unchanged in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation with n-3 PUFAs (2.7 g) was effective to significantly improve gene expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 and the serum level of adiponectin in T2DM patients. Therefore, n-3 PUFAs might emerge as an adjuvant for current antidiabetic therapies. However, confirmatory long-term studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mazaherioun
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Saedisomeolia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mohammad Hassan Javanbakht
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Djalali
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Brinton EA, Mason RP. Prescription omega-3 fatty acid products containing highly purified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:23. [PMID: 28137294 PMCID: PMC5282870 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has multiple actions potentially conferring cardiovascular benefit, including lowering serum triglyceride (TG) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and potentially reducing key steps in atherogenesis. Dietary supplements are a common source of omega-3 fatty acids in the US, but virtually all contain docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in addition to EPA, and lipid effects differ between DHA and EPA. Contrary to popular belief, no over-the-counter omega-3 products are available in the US, only prescription products and dietary supplements. Among the US prescription omega-3 products, only one contains EPA exclusively (Vascepa); another closely related prescription omega-3 product also contains highly purified EPA, but is approved only in Japan and is provided in different capsule sizes. These high-purity EPA products do not raise low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, even in patients with TG levels >500 mg/dL, in contrast to the increase in LDL-C levels with prescription omega-3 products that also contain DHA. The Japanese prescription EPA product was shown to significantly reduce major coronary events in hypercholesterolemic patients when added to statin therapy in the Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS). The effects of Vascepa on cardiovascular outcomes are being investigated in statin-treated patients with high TG levels in the Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With EPA-Intervention Trial (REDUCE-IT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliot A. Brinton
- Utah Foundation for Biomedical Research and the Utah Lipid Center, 419 Wakara Way, Suite 211, Salt Lake City, UT 84108 USA
| | - R. Preston Mason
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA and Elucida Research LLC, PO Box 7100, Beverly, MA 01915-6127 USA
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Endothelial Microparticles Act as Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers of Diabetes and Its Complications: A Literature Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9802026. [PMID: 27803933 PMCID: PMC5075589 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9802026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus- (DM-) related vascular diseases attract increased attention due to their high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of obesity, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is significantly higher in DM patients, with an earlier onset and faster progression compared with non-DM patients. DM-related vascular diseases including macrovascular and microvascular complications are characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is important for the diagnosis and treatment of DM. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are new diagnostic and therapeutic targets and biomarkers in DM-related vascular disease. Circulating EMPs containing biologically active substances act as intercellular signals under physiological and pathological conditions. They serve as biological markers of altered vascular endothelium and reflect the pathological progression and diminished endothelial function of blood vessels. Recent evidence suggests that the plasma level of EMPs is significantly higher in DM patients than in healthy population and is significantly correlated with DM-related complications. These observations have prompted speculation that EMPs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of DM. This review summarizes the known and potential roles of EMPs in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and clinical prognosis of DM and related vascular diseases.
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Chen X, Wang Q, Zhan L, Shu A. Effects and mechanisms of docosahexaenoic acid on the generation of angiopoietin-2 by rat brain microvascular endothelial cells under an oxygen- and glucose-deprivation environment. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1518. [PMID: 27652091 PMCID: PMC5017979 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on the generation of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) by rat brain microvascular endothelial cells under an oxygen- and glucose-deprivation environment (OGD), and its relationship, if any, with cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression. Methods Annexin V and propidium iodide apoptosis assay was used to detect apoptosis. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect Ang-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) content. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect Ang-2 and VEGF mRNA expression. Western blot was used to detect expression of COX-2 protein. Results DHA reduced the apoptosis rate (P = 0.026) and decreased the secretion of Ang-2, VEGF, PGE2, and PGI2 (P = 0.006, P = 0.000, P = 0.002, P = 0.004 respectively). The relative expression of Ang2 and Vegf mRNA, as well as COX-2 expression, also decreased (P = 0.000, P = 0.005, P = 0.007 respectively). These effects were antagonized by GW9662 (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ antagonist). COX-2 protein expression levels were positively correlated with Ang2 and Vegf mRNA expression levels (γ = 0.69, P = 0.038 and γ = 0.76, P = 0.032, respectively). Ang-2 and VEGF mRNA levels were positively correlated with Ang-2 (γ = 0.84, P = 0.012) and VEGF (γ = 0.71, P = 0.036) secretion levels respectively. Conclusion DHA reduced apoptosis induced by an OGD environment, thus decreasing Ang-2 and VEGF synthesis. This phenomenon was associated with a decrease in COX-2 protein expression, PGE2 and PGI2 secretion, and generation regulation via intracellular transcriptional pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, No. 2 Jiefang Road, Yichang, 443000 Hubei China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, No. 2 Jiefang Road, Yichang, 443000 Hubei China
| | - Leyun Zhan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, No. 2 Jiefang Road, Yichang, 443000 Hubei China
| | - Aihua Shu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Three Gorges University People's Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yichang, No. 2 Jiefang Road, Yichang, 443000 Hubei China
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Lin CY, Chen PC, Lo SC, Torng PL, Sung FC, Su TC. The association of carotid intima-media thickness with serum Level of perfluorinated chemicals and endothelium-platelet microparticles in adolescents and young adults. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:292-299. [PMID: 27288966 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) have been widely used in a variety of products worldwide. Our previous study has documented a close association of higher serum level of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with an increased carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in a cohort of adolescents and young adults. Herein, we further investigated the association of oxidative stress, circulating endothelial microparticles (EMPs) and platelet microparticles (PMPs) with PFCs and CIMT in humans. We recruited 848 subjects (12-30years old) from a population-based sample to determine the relationship between serum levels of PFCs, EMPs (CD62E and CD31+/CD42a-), PMPs (CD62P and CD31+/CD42a+), and the urine levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and CIMT. The results showed that CD31+/CD42a- (endothelial apoptosis marker) and CD31+/CD42a+ (platelet apoptosis marker) increased significantly across quartiles of PFOS in multiple linear regression analysis. Furthermore, the elevation of CD31+/CD42a- and CD31+/CD42a+ corresponded to the increase of the odds ratios of thicker CIMT (greater than 50th percentile) with higher serum PFOS concentration (greater than 50%) (OR=2.86, 95% C.I.=1.69-4.84, P<0.001) in logistic regression models. There was no association between PFC concentration and 8-OHdG. In conclusion, we found the positive association between PFOS and CIMT that was more evident when serum levels of EMPs (CD31+/CD42a-) and PMPs (CD31+/CD42a+) were elevated. Further studies are warranted to investigate the causal inference of PFOS exposure on endothelial cell damage and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Pau-Chung Chen
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10020, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10020, Taiwan; Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyi Lo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Ling Torng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10020, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10002, Taiwan.
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Switching statin-treated patients from fenofibrate to the prescription omega-3 therapy icosapent ethyl: a retrospective case series. DRUGS & THERAPY PERSPECTIVES 2016; 32:162-169. [PMID: 27065746 PMCID: PMC4801984 DOI: 10.1007/s40267-016-0288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients receiving statin therapy for dyslipidaemia often require treatment with an additional agent to control triglyceride levels. Options for add-on therapy include fibrates and omega-3 fatty acids. This case series describes the effects of switching add-on therapy from fenofibrate to icosapent ethyl (the ethyl ester of the omega-3 fatty acid, eicosapentaenoic acid) on patient lipid profiles. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of patient records from a private medical practice in western New York. Statin-treated patients with dyslipidaemia who had been treated with fenofibrate and later switched to icosapent ethyl were selected for analysis. Lipid profiles before and after the switch to icosapent ethyl were compared. Results The records of five patients were analysed. All patients had hypertension and were overweight, male, and at high cardiovascular risk. After the switch to icosapent ethyl (treatment duration 3.9–5.8 months), triglyceride levels decreased in four patients, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total cholesterol levels decreased in all patients. High-density lipoprotein levels increased in four patients. Icosapent ethyl was well tolerated. Conclusions Switching from fenofibrate to icosapent ethyl as add-on to a statin therapy due to clinical need may provide an option for patients to maintain or improve lipid parameters.
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Ehsan M, Singh KK, Lovren F, Pan Y, Quan A, Mantella LE, Sandhu P, Teoh H, Al-Omran M, Verma S. Adiponectin limits monocytic microparticle-induced endothelial activation by modulation of the AMPK, Akt and NFκB signaling pathways. Atherosclerosis 2016; 245:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Rose DP, Gracheck PJ, Vona-Davis L. The Interactions of Obesity, Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:2147-68. [PMID: 26516917 PMCID: PMC4695883 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese postmenopausal women have an increased breast cancer risk, the principal mechanism for which is elevated estrogen production by adipose tissue; also, regardless of menstrual status and tumor estrogen dependence, obesity is associated with biologically aggressive breast cancers. Type 2 diabetes has a complex relationship with breast cancer risk and outcome; coexisting obesity may be a major factor, but insulin itself induces adipose aromatase activity and estrogen production and also directly stimulates breast cancer cell growth and invasion. Adipose tissue inflammation occurs frequently in obesity and type 2 diabetes, and proinflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 produced by cyclooxygenase-2 in the associated infiltrating macrophages also induce elevated aromatase expression. In animal models, the same proinflammatory mediators, and the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, also stimulate tumor cell proliferation and invasion directly and promote tumor-related angiogenesis. We postulate that chronic adipose tissue inflammation, rather than body mass index-defined obesity per se, is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes and postmenopausal estrogen-dependent breast cancer. Also, notably before the menopause, obesity and type 2 diabetes, or perhaps the associated inflammation, promote estrogen-independent, notably triple-negative, breast cancer development, invasion and metastasis by mechanisms that may involve macrophage-secreted cytokines, adipokines and insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- David P Rose
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Peter J Gracheck
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
| | - Linda Vona-Davis
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center,West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
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Kedia AW, Lynch E. Effects of switching from omega-3-acid ethyl esters to icosapent ethyl in a statin-treated patient with elevated triglycerides. Postgrad Med 2015; 127:869-73. [DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2015.1100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Borow KM, Nelson JR, Mason RP. Biologic plausibility, cellular effects, and molecular mechanisms of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2015; 242:357-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Nakase T, Sasaki M, Suzuki A. Eicosapentaenoic Acid as long-term secondary prevention after ischemic stroke. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:62. [PMID: 26084813 PMCID: PMC4471066 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0062-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is sometimes difficult to choose anti-thrombotic agents for secondary prevention in stroke patients at high bleeding risk. Recently, Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) was reported to reduce the recurrence of stroke in hypercholesterolemic patients without increasing hemorrhagic risk. In this study, we investigated the features of recurrent stroke patients during EPA medication as secondary stroke prevention. Methods Following the approval of the ethical committee, stroke patients in the outpatient clinic were consecutively screened and patients who continuously take EPA were enrolled in this study (n = 71, average age 69.7 yo). Blood sample data was adopted from the latest visit or the admission at the stroke recurrence. According to the previous stroke history, all patients were classified into the hemorrhagic stroke (HS) group (n = 10) and the ischemic stroke, including asymptomatic infarction, (IS) group (n = 61). Result Any stroke recurrence was not observed in the HS group. Whereas, ischemic stroke recurrence was observed in 6 patients in the IS group, although there was no hemorrhagic stroke recurrence. Recurrent stroke patients showed the higher serum level of cholesterol or the renal dysfunction. The stroke subtype of patients were 2 embolic strokes, 3 atherothrombotic infarctions (two were compromised with renal failure and one had insufficient amount of EPA) and one lacunar infarction (who showed high triglyceride level). Conclusion Hemorrhagic stroke was not occurred in our observation of EPA prescribed patients. The clinical features of recurrent stroke patients were the existing complications of dyslipidemia and renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taizen Nakase
- Department of Stroke Science, Research Institute for Brain and Blood Vessels -Akita, 6-10 Sensyu Kubota Machi, Akita, 010-0874, Japan,
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Helbing T, Olivier C, Bode C, Moser M, Diehl P. Role of microparticles in endothelial dysfunction and arterial hypertension. World J Cardiol 2014; 6:1135-1139. [PMID: 25429325 PMCID: PMC4244610 DOI: 10.4330/wjc.v6.i11.1135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Microparticles are small cell vesicles that can be released by almost all eukaryotic cells during cellular stress and cell activation. Within the last 1-2 decades it has been shown that microparticles are useful blood surrogate markers for different pathological conditions, such as vascular inflammation, coagulation and tumour diseases. Several studies have investigated the abundance of microparticles of different cellular origins in multiple cardiovascular diseases. It thereby has been shown that microparticles released by platelets, leukocytes and endothelial cells can be found in conditions of endothelial dysfunction, acute and chronic vascular inflammation and hypercoagulation. In addition to their function as surrogate markers, several studies indicate that circulating microparticles can fuse with distinct target cells, such as endothelial cells or leukocyte, and thereby deliver cellular components of their parental cells to the target cells. Hence, microparticles are a novel entity of circulating, paracrine, biological vectors which can influence the phenotype, the function and presumably even the transcriptome of their target cells.
This review article aims to give a brief overview about the microparticle biology with a focus on endothelial activation and arterial hypertension. More detailed information about the role of microparticles in pathophysiology and disease can be found in already published work.
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and mechanisms to mitigate inflammatory paracrine signaling in obesity-associated breast cancer. Nutrients 2014; 6:4760-93. [PMID: 25360510 PMCID: PMC4245562 DOI: 10.3390/nu6114760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of obesity is increasing which subsequently increases the risk of the development of obesity-related chronic diseases. Low-grade chronic inflammation and dysregulated adipose tissue inflammatory mediator/adipokine secretion are well-established in obesity, and these factors increase the risk of developing inflammation-associated cancer. Breast cancer is of particular interest given that increased inflammation within the subcutaneous mammary adipose tissue depot can alter the local tissue inflammatory microenvironment such that it resembles that of obese visceral adipose tissue. Therefore, in obese women with breast cancer, increased inflammatory mediators both locally and systemically can perpetuate inflammation-associated pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways, thereby increasing disease severity. Herein, we discuss some of these inflammation-associated pro-carcinogenic mechanisms of the combined obese breast cancer phenotype and offer evidence that dietary long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) may have utility in mitigating the severity of obesity-associated inflammation and breast cancer.
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Microvesicles and diabetic complications--novel mediators, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:433-43. [PMID: 24608676 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2013.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs), also known as microparticles, are small membrane vesicles released from different cell types under different conditions. MVs have been detected in the circulation and in organs/tissues in various diseases, including diabetes. Patients with different types of diabetes and complications have different cellular MV patterns. Studies have shown that MVs may mediate vascular thrombosis, vascular inflammation, angiogenesis, and other pathological processes of the disease through their procoagulant, pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, proteolytic, and other properties. Therefore, MVs contribute to the development of diabetic macrovascular and microvascular complications. In addition, clinical studies have indicated that changes in MV number and composition may reflect the pathophysiological conditions of disease, and therefore, may serve as potential biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic use. Understanding MVs' involvement in the pathophysiological conditions may provide insight into disease mechanisms and would also be helpful for the development of novel therapeutic strategies in the future. Here, we review the latest publications from our group and other groups and focus on the involvement of MVs in diabetic complications.
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Guadarrama-López AL, Valdés-Ramos R, Martínez-Carrillo BE. Type 2 diabetes, PUFAs, and vitamin D: their relation to inflammation. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:860703. [PMID: 24741627 PMCID: PMC3987931 DOI: 10.1155/2014/860703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases have become one of the most important public health problems, due to their high costs for treatment and prevention. Until now, researchers have considered that the etiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial. Recently, the study of the innate immune system has offered an explanation model of the pathogenesis of T2DM. On the other hand, there is evidence about the beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 and n-6 in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases including diabetes. Furthermore, high vitamin D plasmatic concentrations have been associated with the best performance of pancreatic β cells and the improving of this disease. In conclusion, certain fatty acids in the adequate proportion as well as 25-hydroxivitamin D can modulate the inflammatory response in diabetic people, modifying the evolution of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Guadarrama-López
- Center for Research and Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Paseo Tollocan Esquina, Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz Toluca, 50180 México, MEX, Mexico
| | - Roxana Valdés-Ramos
- Center for Research and Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Paseo Tollocan Esquina, Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz Toluca, 50180 México, MEX, Mexico
| | - Beatríz E. Martínez-Carrillo
- Center for Research and Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Paseo Tollocan Esquina, Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz Toluca, 50180 México, MEX, Mexico
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Omega-3 fatty acids: a review of the effects on adiponectin and leptin and potential implications for obesity management. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013; 67:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Braeckman RA, Manku MS, Bays HE, Stirtan WG, Soni PN. Icosapent ethyl, a pure EPA omega-3 fatty acid: effects on plasma and red blood cell fatty acids in patients with very high triglyceride levels (results from the MARINE study). Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:195-201. [PMID: 23992935 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Icosapent ethyl (IPE) is a high-purity prescription form of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ethyl ester. We evaluated IPE's effects on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) fatty acids (FA) and the relationship to triglyceride (TG) lowering. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a predefined, exploratory analysis (N=229) of FA plasma concentration and RBC membrane content from the double-blind, placebo-controlled MARINE study. RESULTS Mean placebo-adjusted plasma EPA levels increased from baseline by 792% and 402% and the arachidonic acid/EPA plasma ratio decreased from baseline by 99% and 88% with IPE 4 g/day and 2 g/day, respectively (all P<.0001). Overall, the fractional pool of omega-3 FAs increased; there was a decrease or no change for omega-6 FAs. The increase in EPA levels with increased IPE dose corresponded with the TG-lowering effect. Similar FA shifts were observed in RBCs. CONCLUSIONS IPE significantly increased plasma and RBC FAs, which correlated to TG lowering.
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Suades R, Padró T, Alonso R, Mata P, Badimon L. Lipid-lowering therapy with statins reduces microparticle shedding from endothelium, platelets and inflammatory cells. Thromb Haemost 2013; 110:366-77. [PMID: 23740299 DOI: 10.1160/th13-03-0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Hyperlipidaemia is a causal factor in the ethiopathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Statins are the cornerstone drug therapy for LDL-cholesterol (LDL-c) lowering, that exert beneficial effects beyond lipid lowering. Circulating microparticles (cMPs), microvesicles released by activated cells into the bloodstream, are markers of vascular and inflammatory cell activation with tentative role in disease progression. However, the role of statins on cMPs seems controversial. We aimed at the evaluation of the effects of lipid-lowering treatment (LLT) on cMP generation in patients in primary prevention of atherosclerosis. A case-control study was conducted in hypercholesterolaemic patients receiving LLT with statins and normocholesterolaemic controls (LLT+ and LLT-, respectively, n=37/group), matched by age, gender and LDL-c levels. cMPs were characterised by flow cytometry using annexin-V and cell-specific antibodies. In LLT+-patients overall numbers of cMPs (p<0.005) were lower than in controls. Levels of cMPs carrying parental cell markers from vascular and circulating cell origin (platelet, endothelial cell, pan-leukocyte and specific-leukocyte subsets) were significantly lower in blood of LLT+ compared to LLT--patients. Moreover, MPs from LLT+-patients had reduced markers of activated platelets (αIIbβ3-integrin), activated inflammatory cells (αM-integrin) and tissue factor. The effect of LLT on cMP shedding was found to be accumulative in years. cMP shedding associated to cardiovascular risk in LLT+-patients. In summary, at similar plasma cholesterol levels patients on statin treatment had a significant lower number of cMPs carrying markers of activated cells. These findings indicate that statins protect against vascular cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Suades
- Cardiovascular Research Center, c/Sant Antoni Mª Claret 167, Barcelona, Spain.
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Wu JHY, Cahill LE, Mozaffarian D. Effect of fish oil on circulating adiponectin: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:2451-9. [PMID: 23703724 PMCID: PMC3667269 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2012-3899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Seafood long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) improve insulin sensitivity in animal experiments, but findings remain inconsistent in humans. Adiponectin is a robust marker for insulin sensitivity and adipocyte function. Whether n-3 PUFAs affect adiponectin in humans is unknown. OBJECTIVE Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, the objective of the study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials (RCTs) to determine the effect of n-3 PUFA consumption on circulating adiponectin in humans. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, EMBASE, CABI (CAB abstracts), Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, SIGLE, and Faculty of 1000 were searched through to June 2012, supplemented with author contact and reference list searches. STUDY SELECTION RCTs of either fish oil supplementation or isocaloric fish meal feeding that evaluated adiponectin as an outcome were selected for the study. DATA EXTRACTION Two investigators independently extracted the data. Effect estimates were pooled using inverse-variance weighted, random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by the I(2) and Q statistic. Prespecified sources of heterogeneity were investigated by meta-regression. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. DATA SYNTHESIS Of 110 studies, 14 RCTs met inclusion criteria. Fourteen trial arms evaluated fish oil (fish oil, n = 682; placebo, n = 641). Fish oil increased adiponectin by 0.37 μg/mL [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.07; 0.67, P = .02]. Although effects in 11 of 14 trials were 0 or greater, statistical heterogeneity was evident (I(2) = 72.9%), unexplained by n-3 PUFA dose or duration, study quality score, study location, or baseline body mass index (meta-regression P > .05 each). The funnel plot was asymmetric in favor of smaller trials with greater effects (Egger's P = .11); the fill-and-trim method suggested a theoretical pooled effect of 0.18 μg/mL (95% CI -0.15; +0.52, P = .28). Only 2 trial arms evaluated fish feeding (n = 136 intervention and 68 control subjects), for which the pooled effect on adiponectin was not statistically significant (-0.01 μg/mL, 95% CI -0.65; 0.64, P = 0.99), although CIs were broad due to the small number of subjects. CONCLUSIONS In placebo-controlled RCTs, fish oil moderately increases circulating adiponectin, although with unexplained heterogeneity as well as potential publication bias. These findings provide no evidence for harm and support possible benefits of n-3 PUFA consumption on insulin sensitivity and adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Y Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
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Chittiboina P, Ganta V, Monceaux CP, Scott LK, Nanda A, Alexander JS. Angiopoietins as promising biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in brain injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:15-21. [PMID: 22633746 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2012.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are major causes of long-term disability, mortality, and enormous economic costs to society. The full spectrum of neurological damage created by TBI or SAH is not usually manifested at the time of injury, but evolves gradually over the course of hours to days (or weeks) following these injuries. Angiopoietins, important regulators of vascular structure and function, are hallmark indicators of vascular injury and may therefore represent promising targets in the treatment of SAH and TBI. In animal models and human tissues, normal intracerebral and pial vessels show strong expression of Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1), but only minimal expression or presentation of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). After several types of neurotrauma, the ratios of Ang-1 and Ang-2 expression in brain microvessel are disturbed and appear to contribute to the remarkable loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in these injuries. Angiopoietins levels, and perhaps more importantly, Angiopoietin ratios (1:2) may have novel and important diagnostic and prognostic uses in TBI and SAH brain injury. Ang-1/2 evaluation in plasma, serum and cerebrospinal fluid may provide new therapeutic modalities which can modify 'secondary' forms of brain injury after TBI and SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chittiboina
- Department of Neurosurgery, LSUHSC-Shreveport, Shreveport, LA 71130, United States
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Tishinsky JM, Dyck DJ, Robinson LE. Lifestyle factors increasing adiponectin synthesis and secretion. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2012; 90:1-30. [PMID: 23017710 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398313-8.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an anti-inflammatory adipokine released from adipose tissue that is known to exert insulin-sensitizing effects in skeletal muscle and liver. Given that the secretion of adiponectin is impaired in obesity and related pathologies, strategies to enhance its synthesis and secretion are of interest. There is evidence that several lifestyle factors, including consumption of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA, TZD administration, and weight loss can increase adiponectin synthesis and secretion. The effect of chronic exercise, independent of weight loss, is variable and less convincing. Potential mechanisms by which such lifestyle factors exert their favorable effects on adiponectin include activation of PPARγ and AMPK, regulation of posttranslational modifications, and changes in adipose tissue morphology and macrophage infiltration. As a clear role for adiponectin in mitigating obesity-related impairments in lipid metabolism and insulin sensitivity is evident, further research investigating factors that enhance adiponectin synthesis and secretion is distinctly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Tishinsky
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
Fish and fish oil supplements are often used to lower triglycerides; however, recent studies suggest the beneficial use of fish oil for other cardiovascular reasons. Studies have shown that in addition to decreasing triglycerides, fish oil has shown benefit in providing antiplatelet activity, improving heart failure, and improving vascular function in diabetes. Fish oil was shown to improve triglycerides in combination with other lipid-lowering therapy such as a statin or fibrate. Fish oil also had effects on lowering total cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL). In terms of its antiplatelet activity, fish oil was shown to lower platelet aggregation when given in combination with clopidogrel and aspirin therapy during PCI, thus fish oil appears to enhance platelet response to clopidogrel. Fish oil has a role in heart failure as well. Fish oil was shown to slightly decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with class II-IV heart failure compared to placebo. Finally, fish oil showed benefit in patients with type II diabetes in terms of improving micro- and macrovascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy E. Brinson
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan Miller
- Southern Regional Area Health Education Center, Fayetteville, NC
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Sabatier F, Lacroix R, Leroyer AS, Cointe S, Dignat-George F. [Cell-derived microparticules: key players at the crossroad between inflammation and thrombosis]. Transfus Clin Biol 2011; 18:62-9. [PMID: 21444231 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell-derived microparticles are complex vesicular structures that can be shedded by activated or apoptotic endothelial cells. Cell-derived microparticles are composed of a phospholipid bilayer that exposes transmembrane proteins and receptors and encloses cytosolic components such as enzymes, transcription factors and mRNA derived from their parent cells. Thus, they behave as biological conveyors playing a key role in the tuning of vascular homeostasis. This review will address the potential of microparticles as efficient vectors of biological activities in pathologies. Based on the model of endothelial vesiculation, the first part of this review will develop the contribution of endothelial microparticles to coagulation inflammation and angiogenesis and their role in vascular disorders. The second part will be focused on the multifaceted impact of cell-derived microparticles present in blood products and its relevance to transfusion medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sabatier
- Inserm UMR-S 608, UFR de pharmacie, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille cedex 5, France.
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Dignat-George F, Boulanger CM. The many faces of endothelial microparticles. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:27-33. [PMID: 21160065 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.110.218123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 453] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are complex vesicular structures shed from activated or apoptotic endothelial cells. They play a remarkable role in coagulation, inflammation, endothelial function, and angiogenesis and thus disturb the vascular homeostasis, contributing to the progression of vascular diseases. As a cause or a consequence, elevated levels of EMP were found in plasma from patients with vascular diseases, where they serve as a surrogate marker of endothelial function. More recent data challenged the presumed deleterious role of EMP because they could promote cell survival, exert antiinflammatory effects, counteract coagulation processes, or induce endothelial regeneration. This review focuses on the ambivalent role of EMP in vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Françoise Dignat-George
- INSERM UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 56 rue Leblanc, 75373 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Itakura H, Yokoyama M, Matsuzaki M, Saito Y, Origasa H, Ishikawa Y, Oikawa S, Sasaki J, Hishida H, Kita T, Kitabatake A, Nakaya N, Sakata T, Shimada K, Shirato K, Matsuzawa Y. Relationships between plasma fatty acid composition and coronary artery disease. J Atheroscler Thromb 2010; 18:99-107. [PMID: 21099130 DOI: 10.5551/jat.5876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The Japan EPA Lipid Intervention Study (JELIS) was the first prospective randomized clinical trial to demonstrate prevention of coronary events by pure eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between various plasma fatty acid concentrations and the risk of coronary events in JELIS participants. METHODS In 15,534 participants, we calculated the hazard ratio for major coronary events (sudden cardiac death, fatal or nonfatal myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, and angioplasty/stenting or coronary artery bypass grafting) relative to the on-treatment average level of plasma fatty acids with the Cox proportional hazard model. RESULTS As a result of EPA intervention, the plasma EPA concentration increased, but the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentration did not. The other fatty acids measured decreased slightly. The higher plasma level of EPA (hazard ratio=0.83, p=0.049, in all participants and hazard ratio=0.71, p=0.018, in the EPA intervention group), but not of DHA, was inversely associated with the risk of major coronary events. The associations between other fatty acids and the risk of major coronary events were not significant. In all JELIS participants, the risk of major coronary events was significantly decreased (20%) in the group with high (150 µg/mL or more) on-treatment plasma EPA concentration compared with that in the low (less than 87 µg/mL) group. CONCLUSION The risk of coronary artery disease is influenced by variations in plasma fatty acid composition. Among n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, EPA and DHA exhibited differences in the correlation with the risk of major coronary events.
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Abstract
Recent human clinical trials of the effects of (n-3) fatty acids on participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were reviewed, focusing on 11 clinical trials conducted within the past 4 y, and subsequent to a Cochrane Database meta-analysis of this topic. Doses of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in these studies were mostly in the range of ∼2 g/d provided for 6 wk to 6 mo. Summarizing across these studies, there were no changes in fasting glucose or insulin compared with baseline or placebo. (n-3) Fatty acids generally decreased serum triglycerides but had varying effects on serum cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol. A few studies indicated beneficial effects of (n-3) fatty acids on arterial blood flow. The effects of EPA and/or DHA have not yet been studied in clinical trials in participants at risk for T2D; the prevention or exacerbation of T2D by fish oil or EPA and DHA supplements of amounts >0.5 g/d deserves study. The prevention of adverse vascular effects of T2D by (n-3) fatty acids may be a promising direction for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hendrich
- Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011
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Chen J, Yu H, Sun K, Song W, Bai Y, Yang T, Song Y, Zhang Y, Hui R. Promoter variant of angiopoietin-2 and plasma angiopoietin-2 are associated with risk of stroke recurrence in lacunar infarct patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 398:212-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nomura S, Shouzu A, Taomoto K, Togane Y, Goto S, Ozaki Y, Uchiyama S, Ikeda Y. Assessment of an ELISA Kit for Platelet-Derived Microparticles by Joint Research at Many Institutes in Japan. J Atheroscler Thromb 2009; 16:878-87. [DOI: 10.5551/jat.2642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akira Shouzu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Izuo Hospital
| | | | - Yuko Togane
- Department of Internal Medicine, Toho University Omori Medical Center
| | - Shinya Goto
- Department of Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Clinical and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | - Yasuo Ikeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University
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