1
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Liu B, Yang H, Song YS, Sorenson CM, Sheibani N. Thrombospondin-1 in vascular development, vascular function, and vascular disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:32-44. [PMID: 37507331 PMCID: PMC10811293 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is vital to developmental, regenerative and repair processes. It is normally regulated by a balanced production of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors. Alterations in this balance under pathological conditions are generally mediated through up-regulation of pro-angiogenic and/or downregulation of anti-angiogenic factors, leading to growth of new and abnormal blood vessels. The pathological manifestation of many diseases including cancer, ocular and vascular diseases are dependent on the growth of these new and abnormal blood vessels. Thrompospondin-1 (TSP1) was the first endogenous angiogenesis inhibitor identified and its anti-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory activities have been the subject of many studies. Studies examining the role TSP1 plays in pathogenesis of various ocular diseases and vascular dysfunctions are limited. Here we will discuss the recent studies focused on delineating the role TSP1 plays in ocular vascular development and homeostasis, and pathophysiology of various ocular and vascular diseases with a significant clinical relevance to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Yong-Seok Song
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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2
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Nguyen TAV, Lino CA, Hang HT, Alves JV, Thang BQ, Shin SJ, Sugiyama K, Matsunaga H, Takeyama H, Yamashiro Y, Yanagisawa H. Protective Role of Endothelial Fibulin-4 in Valvulo-Arterial Integrity. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 12:e026942. [PMID: 36565192 PMCID: PMC9973605 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.026942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Homeostasis of the vessel wall is cooperatively maintained by endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts. The genetic deletion of fibulin-4 (Fbln4) in smooth muscle cells (SMKO) leads to the formation of thoracic aortic aneurysms with the disruption of elastic fibers. Although Fbln4 is expressed in the entire vessel wall, its function in ECs and relevance to the maintenance of valvulo-arterial integrity are not fully understood. Methods and Results Gene silencing of FBLN4 was conducted on human aortic ECs to evaluate morphological changes and gene expression profile. Fbln4 double knockout (DKO) mice in ECs and smooth muscle cells were generated and subjected to histological analysis, echocardiography, Western blotting, RNA sequencing, and immunostaining. An evaluation of the thoracic aortic aneurysm phenotype and screening of altered signaling pathways were performed. Knockdown of FBLN4 in human aortic ECs induced mesenchymal cell-like changes with the upregulation of mesenchymal genes, including TAGLN and MYL9. DKO mice showed the exacerbation of thoracic aortic aneurysms when compared with those of SMKO and upregulated Thbs1, a mechanical stress-responsive molecule, throughout the aorta. DKO mice also showed progressive aortic valve thickening with collagen deposition from postnatal day 14, as well as turbulent flow in the ascending aorta. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and immunostaining of the aortic valve revealed the upregulation of genes involved in endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammatory response, and tissue fibrosis in DKO valves and the presence of activated valve interstitial cells. Conclusions The current study uncovers the pivotal role of endothelial fibulin-4 in the maintenance of valvulo-arterial integrity, which influences thoracic aortic aneurysm progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Anh Vu Nguyen
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global MajorsUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Caroline Antunes Lino
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of Sao Paulo, Institute of Biomedical SciencesSao PauloBrazil
| | - Huynh Thuy Hang
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Juliano Vilela Alves
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto Medical SchoolRibeirao PretoBrazil
| | - Bui Quoc Thang
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Deputy Head of Scientific Research Department‐ Training center, Cho Ray hospitalHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | - Seung Jae Shin
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
| | - Kaori Sugiyama
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroko Matsunaga
- Research organization for Nano and Life InnovationWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Haruko Takeyama
- Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan,Research organization for Nano and Life InnovationWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan,Department of Life Science and Medical BioscienceWaseda UniversityTokyoJapan,Computational Bio Big‐Data Open Innovation LaboratoryAIST‐Waseda UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshito Yamashiro
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Present address:
Department of Advanced Medical TechnologiesNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research InstituteOsaka564‐8565Japan
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center for Survival Dynamics, Tsukuba Advanced Research AllianceUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan,Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TsukubaIbarakiJapan
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3
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The synergistic mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 18 and integrin β1 in rat abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:415. [PMID: 36115958 PMCID: PMC9482292 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms have a high mortality rate. While surgery is the preferred treatment method, the biological repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms is being increasingly studied. We performed cellular and animal experiments to investigate the simultaneous function and mechanism of fibroblast growth factor 18 and integrin β1 in the biological repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods Endothelial and smooth muscle cells of rat arteries were used for the cellular experiments. Intracellular integrin β1 expression was regulated through lentiviral transfection. Interventions with fibroblast growth factor 18 were determined according to the experimental protocol. Several methods were used to detect the expression of elastic fiber component proteins, cell proliferation, and migratory activity of endothelial and smooth muscle cells after different treatments. For animal experiments, abdominal aortic aneurysms were induced in rats by wrapping the abdominal aortae in sterile cotton balls soaked with CaCl2 solution. Fibroblast growth factor 18 was administered through tail vein injections. The local expression of integrin β1 was regulated through lentiviral injections into the adventitia of the abdominal aortic aneurysms. The abdominal aortae were harvested for pathological examinations and tensile mechanical tests. Results The expression of integrin β1 in endothelial and smooth muscle cells could be regulated effectively through lentiviral transfection. Animal and cellular experiments showed that fibroblast growth factor 18 + integrin β1 could improve the expression of elastic fiber component proteins and enhance the migratory and proliferative activities of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Moreover, animal experiments showed that fibroblast growth factor 18 + integrin β1 could enhance the aortic integrity to withstand stretch of aortic aneurysm tissue. Conclusion Fibroblast growth factor 18 + integrin β1 improved the biological repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in rats by increasing the expression of elastic proteins, improving the migratory and proliferative abilities of endothelial and smooth muscle cells, and improving aortic remodeling. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02851-y.
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4
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Ito S, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Sawada H. Embryonic Heterogeneity of Smooth Muscle Cells in the Complex Mechanisms of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091618. [PMID: 36140786 PMCID: PMC9498804 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the major cell type of the aortic wall and play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs). TAAs occur in a region-specific manner with the proximal region being a common location. In this region, SMCs are derived embryonically from either the cardiac neural crest or the second heart field. These cells of distinct origins reside in specific locations and exhibit different biological behaviors in the complex mechanism of TAAs. The purpose of this review is to enhance understanding of the embryonic heterogeneity of SMCs in the proximal thoracic aorta and their functions in TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Ito
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hong S. Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Hisashi Sawada
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Saha Aortic Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(859)-218-1705
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5
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Chen P, Yu B, Li Z, Chen Y, Sun Y, Wang DW. COL5A1 Variants Cause Aortic Dissection by Activating TGF-β-Signaling Pathway. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019276. [PMID: 34041919 PMCID: PMC8483548 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Aortic dissection (AD) is one of the most life‐threatening cardiovascular diseases that exhibit high genetic heterogeneity. However, it is unclear whether variants within the COL5A1 gene can cause AD. Therefore, we intend to determine whether COL5A1 is a causative gene of AD. Methods and Results We performed targeted sequencing in 702 patients with unrelated sporadic AD and 163 matched healthy controls using a predesigned panel with 152 vessel matrix‐related genes. As a result, we identified that 11 variants in COL5A1 caused AD in 11 out of the 702 patients with AD. Furthermore, Col5a1 knockout (Col5a1+/−) rats were generated through the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Although there was no spontaneous AD, electron microscopy revealed a fracture of elastic fibers and disarray of collagenous fibers in 6‐week‐old Col5a1+/− rats, but not in WT rats (93.3% versus 0.0%, P<0.001). Three‐week‐old rats were used to induce the AD phenotype with β‐aminopropionitrile monofumarate for 4 weeks followed by angiotensin II for 72 hours. The β‐aminopropionitrile monofumarate and angiotensin II‐treated rat model confirmed that Col5a1+/− rats had considerably higher AD incidence than WT rats. Subsequent mechanism analyses demonstrated that the transforming growth factor‐β‐signaling pathway was significantly activated in Col5a1+/− rats. Conclusions Our findings, for the first time, revealed a relationship between variants in COL5A1 and AD via targeted sequencing in 1.57% patients with sporadic aortic dissection. The Col5a1 knockout rats exhibited AD after an intervention, indicating that COL5A1 is a causative gene of AD. Activation of the transforming growth factor‐β‐signaling pathway may be implicated in the pathogenesis of this kind of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Division of Cardiology Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders Wuhan China
| | - Bo Yu
- Division of Cardiology Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders Wuhan China
| | - Zongzhe Li
- Division of Cardiology Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders Wuhan China
| | - Yanghui Chen
- Division of Cardiology Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders Wuhan China
| | - Yang Sun
- Division of Cardiology Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders Wuhan China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology Departments of Internal Medicine and Genetic Diagnosis Center Tongji HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanism of Cardiological Disorders Wuhan China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China
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6
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Kim SH, Monticone RE, McGraw KR, Wang M. Age-associated proinflammatory elastic fiber remodeling in large arteries. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 196:111490. [PMID: 33839189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Elastic fibers are the main components of the extracellular matrix of the large arterial wall. Elastic fiber remodeling is an intricate process of synthesis and degradation of the core elastin protein and microfibrils accompanied by the assembly and disassembly of accessory proteins. Age-related morphological, structural, and functional proinflammatory remodeling within the elastic fiber has a profound effect upon the integrity, elasticity, calcification, amyloidosis, and stiffness of the large arterial wall. An age-associated increase in arterial stiffness is a major risk factor for the pathogenesis of diseases of the large arteries such as hypertensive and atherosclerotic vasculopathy. This mini review is an update on the key molecular, cellular, functional, and structural mechanisms of elastic fiber proinflammatory remodeling in large arteries with aging. Targeting structural and functional integrity of the elastic fiber may be an effective approach to impede proinflammatory arterial remodeling with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hyuk Kim
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Robert E Monticone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kimberly R McGraw
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, Intramural Research Program, National Institution on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center (BRC), 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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7
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The molecular mechanism of mechanotransduction in vascular homeostasis and disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2399-2418. [PMID: 32936305 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessels are constantly exposed to mechanical stimuli such as shear stress due to flow and pulsatile stretch. The extracellular matrix maintains the structural integrity of the vessel wall and coordinates with a dynamic mechanical environment to provide cues to initiate intracellular signaling pathway(s), thereby changing cellular behaviors and functions. However, the precise role of matrix-cell interactions involved in mechanotransduction during vascular homeostasis and disease development remains to be fully determined. In this review, we introduce hemodynamics forces in blood vessels and the initial sensors of mechanical stimuli, including cell-cell junctional molecules, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), multiple ion channels, and a variety of small GTPases. We then highlight the molecular mechanotransduction events in the vessel wall triggered by laminar shear stress (LSS) and disturbed shear stress (DSS) on vascular endothelial cells (ECs), and cyclic stretch in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)-both of which activate several key transcription factors. Finally, we provide a recent overview of matrix-cell interactions and mechanotransduction centered on fibronectin in ECs and thrombospondin-1 in SMCs. The results of this review suggest that abnormal mechanical cues or altered responses to mechanical stimuli in EC and SMCs serve as the molecular basis of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and aortic aneurysms. Collecting evidence and advancing knowledge on the mechanotransduction in the vessel wall can lead to a new direction of therapeutic interventions for vascular diseases.
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8
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Creamer TJ, Bramel EE, MacFarlane EG. Insights on the Pathogenesis of Aneurysm through the Study of Hereditary Aortopathies. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020183. [PMID: 33514025 PMCID: PMC7912671 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) are permanent and localized dilations of the aorta that predispose patients to a life-threatening risk of aortic dissection or rupture. The identification of pathogenic variants that cause hereditary forms of TAA has delineated fundamental molecular processes required to maintain aortic homeostasis. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) elaborate and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) in response to mechanical and biochemical cues from their environment. Causal variants for hereditary forms of aneurysm compromise the function of gene products involved in the transmission or interpretation of these signals, initiating processes that eventually lead to degeneration and mechanical failure of the vessel. These include mutations that interfere with transduction of stimuli from the matrix to the actin-myosin cytoskeleton through integrins, and those that impair signaling pathways activated by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). In this review, we summarize the features of the healthy aortic wall, the major pathways involved in the modulation of VSMC phenotypes, and the basic molecular functions impaired by TAA-associated mutations. We also discuss how the heterogeneity and balance of adaptive and maladaptive responses to the initial genetic insult might contribute to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Creamer
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily E. Bramel
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Predoctoral Training in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- McKusick-Nathans Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (T.J.C.); (E.E.B.)
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Correspondence:
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9
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Latorre M, Humphrey JD. Numerical knockouts-In silico assessment of factors predisposing to thoracic aortic aneurysms. PLoS Comput Biol 2020; 16:e1008273. [PMID: 33079926 PMCID: PMC7598929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myriad risk factors–including uncontrolled hypertension, aging, and diverse genetic mutations–contribute to the development and enlargement of thoracic aortic aneurysms. Detailed analyses of clinical data and longitudinal studies of murine models continue to provide insight into the natural history of these potentially lethal conditions. Yet, because of the co-existence of multiple risk factors in most cases, it has been difficult to isolate individual effects of the many different factors or to understand how they act in combination. In this paper, we use a data-informed computational model of the initiation and progression of thoracic aortic aneurysms to contrast key predisposing risk factors both in isolation and in combination; these factors include localized losses of elastic fiber integrity, aberrant collagen remodeling, reduced smooth muscle contractility, and dysfunctional mechanosensing or mechanoregulation of extracellular matrix along with superimposed hypertension and aortic aging. In most cases, mild-to-severe localized losses in cellular function or matrix integrity give rise to varying degrees of local dilatations of the thoracic aorta, with enlargement typically exacerbated in cases wherein predisposing risk factors co-exist. The simulations suggest, for the first time, that effects of compromised smooth muscle contractility are more important in terms of dysfunctional mechanosensing and mechanoregulation of matrix than in vessel-level control of diameter and, furthermore, that dysfunctional mechanobiological control can yield lesions comparable to those in cases of compromised elastic fiber integrity. Particularly concerning, therefore, is that loss of constituents such as fibrillin-1, as in Marfan syndrome, can compromise both elastic fiber integrity and mechanosensing. Aneurysms are local dilatations of the arterial wall that are responsible for significant disability and death. Detailed analyses of clinical data continue to provide insight into the natural history of these potentially lethal conditions, with myriad risk factors–including uncontrolled hypertension, aging, and diverse genetic mutations–contributing to their development and enlargement. Yet, because of the co-existence of these risk factors in most cases, it has been difficult to isolate individual effects or to understand how they act in combination. In this paper, we use a computational model of the initiation and progression of thoracic aortic aneurysms to contrast key predisposing factors both in isolation and in combination as well as with superimposed hypertension and aging. The present study recovers many findings from mouse models but with new and important observations that promise to guide in vivo and ex vivo studies as we seek to understand and eventually better treat these complex, multi-factorial lesions, with data-informed patient-specific computations eventually the way forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Latorre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - J. D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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10
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Morioka T. Myostatin: The Missing Link between Sarcopenia and Cardiovascular Disease in Chronic Kidney Disease? J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 27:1036-1038. [PMID: 32435012 PMCID: PMC7585907 DOI: 10.5551/jat.ed129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Morioka
- Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
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11
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Zeng T, Gan J, Liu Y, Shi L, Lu Z, Xue Y, Xiong R, Liu L, Yang Z, Lin Y, Yuan J. ADAMTS-5 Decreases in Aortas and Plasma From Aortic Dissection Patients and Alleviates Angiotensin II-Induced Smooth Muscle-Cell Apoptosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:136. [PMID: 32923459 PMCID: PMC7456925 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is associated with degeneration of the aortic media and accompanied by vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Recently, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motifs-5 (ADAMTS-5) has been reported to be involved in ECM remodeling and vascular diseases. The aim of this study was to examine ADAMTS-5 levels in AAD patients and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: Aortic tissue samples were collected from normal donors and AAD patients, and the expression of ADAMTS-5 was analyzed in all aortic tissues. In addition, plasma levels of ADAMTS-5, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured in repeated samples from AAD patients and compared to the non-AAD (NAD) group. In addition, we investigated the effects of ADAMTS-5 in smooth muscle cell (SMC) apoptosis. Results: The results showed that ADAMTS-5 expression was significantly reduced in the aortas of AAD patients and that SMCs were the main source of ADAMTS-5. In addition, the plasma ADAMTS-5 level was lower, but plasma MMP-2, MMP-9, and TNF-α levels were increased in the AAD patients. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that a decreased ADAMTS-5 level in patients was independently associated with an increased risk of AAD. Furthermore, recombinant human ADAMTS-5 significantly ameliorated angiotensin (Ang II)-evoked SMC apoptosis. Conclusions: ADAMTS-5 shows promise as a novel potential biomarker for AAD, and regulation of SMC is a possible mechanism for the effects of ADAMTS-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jianting Gan
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zhengde Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yan Xue
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Rixin Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Zicong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Yingzhong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, China
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12
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Low Serum Uric Acid Levels Promote Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage by Disrupting the Smooth Muscle Cell-Elastin Contractile Unit and Upregulating the Erk1/2-MMP Axis. Transl Stroke Res 2020; 11:1077-1094. [PMID: 32323149 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-020-00791-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a catastrophic stroke with high mortality, and the mechanism underlying ICH is largely unknown. Previous studies have shown that high serum uric acid (SUA) levels are an independent risk factor for hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and ischemic stroke. However, our metabolomics data showed that SUA levels were lower in recurrent intracerebral hemorrhage (R-ICH) patients than in ICH patients, indicating that lower SUA might contribute to ICH. In this study, we confirmed the association between low SUA levels and the risk for recurrence of ICH and for cardiac-cerebral vascular mortality in hypertensive patients. To determine the mechanism by which low SUA effects ICH pathogenesis, we developed the first low SUA mouse model and conducted transcriptome profiling of the cerebrovasculature of ICH mice. When combining these assessments with pathological morphology, we found that low SUA levels led to ICH in mice with angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension and aggravated the pathological progression of ICH. In vitro, our results showed that p-Erk1/2-MMP axis were involved in the low UA-induce degradation of elastin, and that physiological concentrations of UA and p-Erk1/2-specific inhibitor exerted a protective role. This is the first report describing to the disruption of the smooth muscle cell (SMC)-elastin contractile units in ICH. Most importantly, we revealed that the upregulation of the p-Erk1/2-MMP axis, which promotes the degradation of elastin, plays a vital role in mediating low SUA levels to exacerbate cerebrovascular rupture during the ICH process.
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Harky A, Fan KS, Fan KH. The genetics and biomechanics of thoracic aortic diseases. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 1:R13-R25. [PMID: 32923967 PMCID: PMC7439919 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysms and aortic dissections (TAAD) are highly fatal emergencies within cardiothoracic surgery. With increasing age, thoracic aneurysms become more prevalent and pose an even greater threat when they develop into aortic dissections. Both diseases are multifactorial and are influenced by a multitude of physiological and biomechanical processes. Structural stability of aorta can be disrupted by genes, such as those for extracellular matrix and contractile protein, as well as telomere dysfunction, which leads to senescence of smooth muscle and endothelial cells. Biomechanical changes such as increased luminal pressure imposed by hypertension are also very prevalent and lead to structural instability. Furthermore, ageing is associated with a pro-inflammatory state that exacerbates degeneration of vessel wall, facilitating the development of both aortic aneurysms and aortic dissection. This literature review provides an overview of the aetiology and pathophysiology of both thoracic aneurysms and aortic dissections. With an improved understanding, new therapeutic targets may eventually be identified to facilitate treatment and prevention of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Harky
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Liverpool Heart and Chest, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ka Siu Fan
- St. George's Medical School, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ka Hay Fan
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Ren J, Han Y, Ren T, Fang H, Xu X, Lun Y, Jiang H, Xin S, Zhang J. AEBP1 Promotes the Occurrence and Development of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm by Modulating Inflammation via the NF-κB Pathway. J Atheroscler Thromb 2019; 27:255-270. [PMID: 31462616 PMCID: PMC7113137 DOI: 10.5551/jat.49106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Inflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of human abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). AEBP1 can promote activation of the NF-κB pathway, subsequently affecting the expression of NF-κB target genes, including inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Our objective was to examine the role of AEBP1 in the development of AAA and characterize the underlying mechanism. METHODS ITRAQ, RT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA were used to compare different experimental groups with the controls and to determine the differentially expressed genes. We generated an AAA model using porcine pancreatic elastase in Sprague-Dawley rats and silenced their AEBP1 in vivo by adenoviruses injected intra-adventitially. We also silenced or overexpressed AEBP1 in human vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro in the presence and in the absence of NF-κB inhibitor BAY 11-7082. RESULTS Proteome iTRAQ revealed a high expression of AEBP1 in AAA patients, which was verified by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. The mean expression level of AEBP1 in AAA patients was higher than that in controls. Along with AEBP1 upregulation, we also verified mis-activation of NF-κB in human AAA samples. The in vivo studies indicated that AEBP1 knockdown suppressed AAA progression. Finally, the in vitro studies illustrated that AEBP1 promotes activation of the NF-κB pathway, subsequently upregulating pro-inflammatory factors and MMPs. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a role of AEBP1 in the pathogenesis of AAA and provide a novel insight into how AEBP1 causes the development of AAA by activating the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancong Ren
- Department of Vascular & Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Yanshuo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Tongming Ren
- Department of Anatomy Laboratory, Xinxiang Medical College
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Yu Lun
- Department of Vascular & Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Han Jiang
- Department of Vascular & Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular & Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Vascular & Thyroid Surgery, the First Hospital, China Medical University
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Mimler T, Nebert C, Eichmair E, Winter B, Aschacher T, Stelzmueller ME, Andreas M, Ehrlich M, Laufer G, Messner B. Extracellular matrix in ascending aortic aneurysms and dissections - What we learn from decellularization and scanning electron microscopy. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213794. [PMID: 30883576 PMCID: PMC6422325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathological impairment of elastic fiber and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components are described for the aortic media of ascending thoracic aortic aneurysms (aTAA) but the exact pathological impairment of the structure and its degree still needs further investigations. To evaluate the quantity and quality of elastic fiber sheets and other ECM structures (e.g. collagen), cells were removed from different types of aneurysmal tissues (tricuspid aortic valve [TAV] associated-, bicuspid aortic valve [BAV] associated-aneurysmal tissue and acute aortic dissections [AAD]) using 2.5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and compared to decellularized control aortic tissue. Likewise, native tissue has been analysed. To evaluate the 2D- (histological evaluation, fluorescence- and auto-fluorescence based staining methods) and the 3D structure (scanning electron microscopic [SEM] examination) of the medial layer we first analysed for a successful decellularization. After proving for successful decellularization, we quantified the amount of elastic fiber sheets, elastin and other ECM components including collagen. Aside from clearly visible focal elastic fiber loss in TAV-aTAA tissue, decellularization resulted in reduction of elastic fiber auto-fluorescence properties, which is perhaps an indication from a disease-related qualitative impairment of elastic fibers, visible only after contact with the alkaline solution. Likewise, the loss of collagen amount in BAV-aTAA and TAV-aTAA tissue (compared to non-decellularized tissue) after contact with NaOH indicates a prior disease-associated impairment of collagen. Although the amount of ECM was not changed in type A dissection tissue, detailed electron microscopic evaluation revealed changes in ECM quality, which worsened after contact with alkaline solution but were not visible after histological analyses. Apart from the improved observation of the samples using electron microscopy, contact of aneurysmal and dissected tissue with the alkaline decellularization solution revealed potential disease related changes in ECM quality which can partly be connected to already published data, but have to be proven by further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Mimler
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Nebert
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Eichmair
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgitta Winter
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Aschacher
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Martin Andreas
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marek Ehrlich
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Guenther Laufer
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Messner
- Department of Surgery, Cardiac Surgery Research Laboratory, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Iosif C, Biondi A. Braided stents and their impact in intracranial aneurysm treatment for distal locations: from flow diverters to low profile stents. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:237-251. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1575725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Iosif
- Department of Neuroradiology and Endovascular Treatment, Jean-Minjoz University Hospital, Besancon, France
- Department of Interventional Neuroradiology, Erasmus University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
- Associate Professor in Radiology, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Alessandra Biondi
- Department of Neuroradiology and Endovascular Treatment, Jean-Minjoz University Hospital, Besancon, France
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van der Pluijm I, Burger J, van Heijningen PM, IJpma A, van Vliet N, Milanese C, Schoonderwoerd K, Sluiter W, Ringuette LJ, Dekkers DHW, Que I, Kaijzel EL, te Riet L, MacFarlane EG, Das D, van der Linden R, Vermeij M, Demmers JA, Mastroberardino PG, Davis EC, Yanagisawa H, Dietz HC, Kanaar R, Essers J. Decreased mitochondrial respiration in aneurysmal aortas of Fibulin-4 mutant mice is linked to PGC1A regulation. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 114:1776-1793. [PMID: 29931197 PMCID: PMC6198735 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Thoracic aortic aneurysms are a life-threatening condition often diagnosed too late. To discover novel robust biomarkers, we aimed to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying aneurysm formation. Methods and results In Fibulin-4R/R mice, the extracellular matrix protein Fibulin-4 is 4-fold reduced, resulting in progressive ascending aneurysm formation and early death around 3 months of age. We performed proteomics and genomics studies on Fibulin-4R/R mouse aortas. Intriguingly, we observed alterations in mitochondrial protein composition in Fibulin-4R/R aortas. Consistently, functional studies in Fibulin-4R/R vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) revealed lower oxygen consumption rates, but increased acidification rates. Yet, mitochondria in Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs showed no aberrant cytoplasmic localization. We found similar reduced mitochondrial respiration in Tgfbr-1M318R/+ VSMCs, a mouse model for Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS). Interestingly, also human fibroblasts from Marfan (FBN1) and LDS (TGFBR2 and SMAD3) patients showed lower oxygen consumption. While individual mitochondrial Complexes I-V activities were unaltered in Fibulin-4R/R heart and muscle, these tissues showed similar decreased oxygen consumption. Furthermore, aortas of aneurysmal Fibulin-4R/R mice displayed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Consistent with these findings, gene expression analyses revealed dysregulation of metabolic pathways. Accordingly, blood ketone levels of Fibulin-4R/R mice were reduced and liver fatty acids were decreased, while liver glycogen was increased, indicating dysregulated metabolism at the organismal level. As predicted by gene expression analysis, the activity of PGC1α, a key regulator between mitochondrial function and organismal metabolism, was downregulated in Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs. Increased TGFβ reduced PGC1α levels, indicating involvement of TGFβ signalling in PGC1α regulation. Activation of PGC1α restored the decreased oxygen consumption in Fibulin-4R/R VSMCs and improved their reduced growth potential, emphasizing the importance of this key regulator. Conclusion Our data indicate altered mitochondrial function and metabolic dysregulation, leading to increased ROS levels and altered energy production, as a novel mechanism, which may contribute to thoracic aortic aneurysm formation.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/pathology
- Cell Respiration
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Energy Metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mitochondria, Muscle/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Muscle/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/genetics
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/genetics
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid van der Pluijm
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce Burger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Paula M van Heijningen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arne IJpma
- Clinical Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chiara Milanese
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kees Schoonderwoerd
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Sluiter
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea-Jeanne Ringuette
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Dirk H W Dekkers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Que
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik L Kaijzel
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk te Riet
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena G MacFarlane
- Department of Surgery, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Devashish Das
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marcel Vermeij
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elaine C Davis
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Hiromi Yanagisawa
- Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Harry C Dietz
- Department of Surgery, McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Roland Kanaar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdan, The Netherlands
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Renard M. SmgGDS, a new piece in the thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection puzzle. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:S4133-S4136. [PMID: 30631574 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.10.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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