Anthropometric, metabolic and clinical factors associated with diabetes and prediabetes prevalence in women aged 65–74 living in central Poland

Beneficial Effect of Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet Combined with Regular Physical Activity on Fat Mass and Anthropometric and Metabolic Parameters in People with Overweight and Obesity

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE

Obesity and overweight have become growing health-related issues worldwide, which also applies to Poland. Excess fat mass is associated with an increased risk of metabolic and non-metabolic complications. The aim of our pre-post-designed study was to assess the effect of behavioral intervention on body weight, fat mass and anthropometric and metabolic parameters in obese and overweight individuals.

METHODS

The study included one hundred people (85 women) with excess fat mass who voluntarily declared their willingness to participate in the weight-loss program consisted of 12 weeks of the DASH diet combined with regular, supervised physical activity. Anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed in all study participants, and anthropometric and metabolic indices were calculated at baseline and after three months of treatment.

RESULTS

Body weight decreased significantly by 5.63 ± 4.03 kg, BMI by 2.06 ± 1.44 kg/m2, waist circumference by 5.6 ± 3.7 cm, fat mass from 40.04 ± 6.90 to 36.56 ± 7.07% and uric acid level by 16.0 ± 41.6 μmol/L (p < 0.001 in all cases). We also found an improvement in lipid profile and anthropometric and metabolic indices, except for HDL cholesterol and plasma glucose levels.

CONCLUSIONS

The effect of the DASH diet and supervised physical activity was beneficial regardless of age, sex and the presence of hypertension or dysglycemia at baseline. The implementation of a healthy lifestyle was associated with a significant improvement in anthropometric and metabolic parameters, which, if continued, may reduce the risk of unfavorable health-related outcomes in the future.

Association Between Visceral Obesity Index and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

CONTENT

The correlation between visceral obesity index (VAI) and diabetes and accuracy of early prediction of diabetes are still controversial.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to review the relationship between high level of VAI and diabetes and early predictive value of diabetes.

DATA SOURCES

The databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science were searched until October 17, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION

After adjusting for confounding factors, the original study on the association between VAI and diabetes was analyzed.

DATA EXTRACTION

We extracted odds ratio (OR) between VAI and diabetes management after controlling for mixed factors, and the sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic 4-grid table for early prediction of diabetes.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Fifty-three studies comprising 595 946 participants were included. The findings of the meta-analysis elucidated that in cohort studies, a high VAI significantly increased the risk of diabetes mellitus in males (OR = 2.83 [95% CI, 2.30-3.49]) and females (OR = 3.32 [95% CI, 2.48-4.45]). The receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity of VAI for early prediction of diabetes in males were 0.64 (95% CI, .62-.66), 0.57 (95% CI, .53-.61), and 0.65 (95% CI, .61-.69), respectively, and 0.67 (95% CI, .65-.69), 0.66 (95% CI, .60-.71), and 0.61 (95% CI, .57-.66) in females, respectively.

CONCLUSION

VAI is an independent predictor of the risk of diabetes, yet its predictive accuracy remains limited. In future studies, determine whether VAI can be used in conjunction with other related indicators to early predict the risk of diabetes, to enhance the accuracy of prediction of the risk of diabetes.

Abdominal aorta diameter as a novel marker of diabetes incidence risk in elderly women

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide, including the nation of Poland. The aim of this prospective and observational study was to determine risk factors and the predictors of diabetes incidence in elderly women, and to calculate the diabetes incidence ratio in this population. Two-hundred women, aged 65-74, who were non-diabetic at baseline in 2012 were followed for 6.5 years. All women were checked for incident diabetes. In non-diabetic subjects, diagnostic procedures for diabetes were performed according to Poland's Diabetes recommendations. Between April 2012 and September 2018, 25 women developed diabetes and the next 11 cases were diagnosed based on FPG or oral glucose tolerance test. Women with incident diabetes had significantly higher baseline FPG, triglycerides (TG), TG/HDL cholesterol ratio and visceral adiposity index (VAI) score, and lower abdominal aorta diameter (AAD), HDL cholesterol and eGFR. In the Cox proportional hazard regression analysis, only AAD < 18 mm and VAI score ≥ 3.8 were independently associated with diabetes risk, hazard ratio (HR) 2.47 (95% confidence interval 1.21-5.02), P = 0.013 and HR 2.83 (1.35-5.94), P = 0.006 respectively. In the backward stepwise regression analysis including all variables, diabetes incidence could be predicted from a linear combination of the independent variables: AAD < 18 mm (P = 0.002), VAI score ≥ 3.8 (P < 0.001) and FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L (P = 0.011). The calculated incidence of diabetes was 2769.2 new cases/100,000 persons per year. AAD below 18 mm seem to be a novel, independent marker of diabetes risk in elderly women, and AAD assessment during routine abdomen ultrasound may be helpful in identifying females at early elderliness with high risk of diabetes incidence.