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Subsomwong P, Teng W, Ishiai T, Narita K, Sukchawalit R, Nakane A, Asano K. Extracellular vesicles from Staphylococcus aureus promote the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127612. [PMID: 38244256 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Co-infections with Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are common in patients with chronic wounds, but little is known about their synergistic effect mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). In this study, we investigated the effect of EVs derived from S. aureus (SaEVs) on the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa. By using lipophilic dye, we could confirm the fusion between SaEV and P. aeruginosa membranes. However, SaEVs did not alter the growth and antibiotic susceptible pattern of P. aeruginosa. Differential proteomic analysis between SaEV-treated and non-treated P. aeruginosa was performed, and the results revealed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis protein in P. aeruginosa significantly increased after SaEV-treatment. Regarding this result, we also found that SaEVs promoted LPS production, biofilm formation, and expression of polysaccharide polymerization-related genes in P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, invasion of epithelial cells by SaEV-pretreated P. aeruginosa was enhanced. On the other hand, uptake of P. aeruginosa by RAW 264.7 macrophages was impaired after pretreatment P. aeruginosa with SaEVs. Proteomic analysis SaEVs revealed that SaEVs contain the proteins involving in host cell colonization, inhibition of host immune response, anti-phagocytosis of the macrophages, and protein translocation and iron uptake of S. aureus. In conclusion, SaEVs serve as a mediator that promote P. aeruginosa pathogenicity by enhancing LPS biosynthesis, biofilm formation, epithelial cell invasion, and macrophage uptake impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phawinee Subsomwong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Wei Teng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takahito Ishiai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kouji Narita
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan; Institute for Animal Experimentation, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Rojana Sukchawalit
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Lak Si, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Akio Nakane
- Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Krisana Asano
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan; Department of Biopolymer and Health Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.
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Vadakkan K, Ngangbam AK, Sathishkumar K, Rumjit NP, Cheruvathur MK. A review of chemical signaling pathways in the quorum sensing circuit of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127861. [PMID: 37939761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an increasingly common competitive and biofilm organism in healthcare infection with sophisticated, interlinked and hierarchic quorum systems (Las, Rhl, PQS, and IQS), creates the greatest threats to the medical industry and has rendered prevailing chemotherapy medications ineffective. The rise of multidrug resistance has evolved into a concerning and potentially fatal occurrence for human life. P. aeruginosa biofilm development is assisted by exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, proteins, macromolecules, cellular signaling and interaction. Quorum sensing is a communication process between cells that involves autonomous inducers and regulators. Quorum-induced infectious agent biofilms and the synthesis of virulence factors have increased disease transmission, medication resistance, infection episodes, hospitalizations and mortality. Hence, quorum sensing may be a potential therapeutical target for bacterial illness, and developing quorum inhibitors as an anti-virulent tool could be a promising treatment strategy for existing antibiotics. Quorum quenching is a prevalent technique for treating infections caused by microbes because it diminishes microbial pathogenesis and increases microbe biofilm sensitivity to antibiotics, making it a potential candidate for drug development. This paper examines P. aeruginosa quorum sensing, the hierarchy of quorum sensing mechanism, quorum sensing inhibition and quorum sensing inhibitory agents as a drug development strategy to supplement traditional antibiotic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayeen Vadakkan
- Department of Biology, St. Mary's College, Thrissur, Kerala 680020, India; Manipur International University, Imphal, Manipur 795140, India.
| | | | - Kuppusamy Sathishkumar
- Rhizosphere Biology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Thandalam, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
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Zhang W, Qian L, He B, Gong X, Zhang G. Mechanism Insights of Antibacterial Surfaces Coated with Dead Probiotics. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:17632-17643. [PMID: 38033279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
To understand the antimicrobial effect of surfaces fabricated with dead probiotics, we prepared surfaces decorated with dead probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) with varied inactivation methods and explored their inhibitory interactions with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAO1). By combining several techniques, i.e., digital holographic microscopy (DHM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), RNA sequencing, and metabolomic analysis, we studied the three-dimensional (3D) swimming behaviors, surface adhesion, biofilm formation, and adaptive responses of PAO1 near such surfaces. The results show that planktonic PAO1 decreases their flick and reverse motions by downregulating the chemotaxis pathway and accelerates with less accumulation near dead LGG surfaces by upregulating the flagellar assembly pathway and decreasing cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Distinct from live siblings, the surfaces decorated with dead LGG show a significant reduction in adhesion strength with PAO1 and inhibit biofilm formation with more downregulated genes in the Pseudomonas quinolone signal and biofilm formation pathway. We demonstrate that the antibacterial ability of such surfaces stems from the gradually released lysate from the dead LGG that is unfavorable to PAO1 in close proximity. The releasing rate and order depend on the cell membrane integrity, which closely relates to the inactivation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lu Qian
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bingen He
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Xiangjun Gong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Guangzhao Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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4
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Bayat M, Nahand JS, Farsad-Akhatr N, Memar MY. Bile effects on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis in cystic fibrosis patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22111. [PMID: 38034726 PMCID: PMC10685303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) occurs in most cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and is the primary source of bile aspiration in the airway tract of CF individuals. Aspirated bile is associated with the severity of lung diseases and chronic inflammation caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as the most common pathogen of CF respiratory tract infections. P. aeruginosa is equipped with several mechanisms to facilitate the infection process, including but not limited to the expression of virulence factors, biofilm formation, and antimicrobial resistance, all of which are under the strong regulation of quorum sensing (QS) mechanism. By increasing the expression of lasI, rhlI, and pqsA-E, bile exposure directly impacts the QS network. An increase in psl expression and pyocyanin production can promote biofilm formation. Along with the loss of flagella and reduced swarming motility, GER-derived bile can repress the expression of genes involved in creating an acute infection, such as expression of Type Three Secretion (T3SS), hydrogen cyanide (hcnABC), amidase (amiR), and phenazine (phzA-E). Inversely, to cause persistent infection, bile exposure can increase the Type Six Secretion System (T6SS) and efflux pump expression, which can trigger resistance to antibiotics such as colistin, polymyxin B, and erythromycin. This review will discuss the influence of aspirated bile on the pathogenesis, resistance, and persistence of P. aeruginosa in CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mobina Bayat
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Farsad-Akhatr
- Department of Plant, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Yousef Memar
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Rosa LLS, Andrade-Júnior FP, Cordeiro LV, Souza HDS, Athayde-Filho PF, Gadelha DDA, Melo DM, Silva DF, Alves DN, Sobreira ALC, Ferreira SRD, Teixeira APC, Farias BKS, Firmino RG, Maia AKHL, Lima EO. Association study between ceftriaxone and a synthetic amide against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 83:e274149. [PMID: 37820207 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.274149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a non-lactose fermenting Gram-negative bacteria responsible for causing numerous nosocomial infections. The present research aimed to analyze the anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa potential of 2-Chloro-N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide (A8). The antibacterial potential of A8 was evaluated from the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Association using the checkerboard method. MIC and MBC values were 512 µg/mL for all P. aeruginosa strains evaluated, demonstrating predominantly bactericidal activity. Furthermore, when A8 was associated with the drug ceftriaxone, pharmacological additivity and indifference were evidenced. In this sense, the synthetic amide was interesting, since it demonstrates the potential to become a possible candidate for an antimicrobial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L S Rosa
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - F P Andrade-Júnior
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - L V Cordeiro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - H D S Souza
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - P F Athayde-Filho
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - D D A Gadelha
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - D M Melo
- Universidade Federal de Campina Grande - UFCG, Hospital Universitário Alcides Carneiro, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - D F Silva
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - D N Alves
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A L C Sobreira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica em Medicamentos - DITM, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - S R D Ferreira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - A P C Teixeira
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Desenvolvimento e Inovação Tecnológica em Medicamentos - DITM, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - B K S Farias
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - R G Firmino
- Universidade Estadual da Paraíba - UEPB, Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia da Saúde, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil
| | - A K H L Maia
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
| | - E O Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba - UFPB, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, PB, Brasil
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Silva E, Teixeira JA, Pereira MO, Rocha CMR, Sousa AM. Evolving biofilm inhibition and eradication in clinical settings through plant-based antibiofilm agents. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:154973. [PMID: 37499434 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After almost 100 years since evidence of biofilm mode of growth and decades of intensive investigation about their formation, regulatory pathways and mechanisms of antimicrobial tolerance, nowadays there are still no therapeutic solutions to eradicate bacterial biofilms and their biomedical related issues. PURPOSE This review intends to provide a comprehensive summary of the recent and most relevant published studies on plant-based products, or their isolated compounds with antibiofilm activity mechanisms of action or identified molecular targets against bacterial biofilms. The objective is to offer a new perspective of most recent data for clinical researchers aiming to prevent or eliminate biofilm-associated infections caused by bacterial pathogens. METHODS The search was performed considering original research articles published on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus from 2015 to April 2023, using keywords such as "antibiofilm", "antivirulence", "phytochemicals" and "plant extracts". RESULTS Over 180 articles were considered for this review with a focus on the priority human pathogens listed by World Health Organization, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Inhibition and detachment or dismantling of biofilms formed by these pathogens were found using plant-based extract/products or derivative compounds. Although combination of plant-based products and antibiotics were recorded and discussed, this topic is currently poorly explored and only for a reduced number of bacterial species. CONCLUSIONS This review clearly demonstrates that plant-based products or derivative compounds may be a promising therapeutic strategy to eliminate bacterial biofilms and their associated infections. After thoroughly reviewing the vast amount of research carried out over years, it was concluded that plant-based products are mostly able to prevent biofilm formation through inhibition of quorum sensing signals, but also to disrupt mature biofilms developed by multidrug resistant bacteria targeting the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance. Flavonoids and phenolic compounds seemed the most effective against bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal
| | - José A Teixeira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olivia Pereira
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Cristina M R Rocha
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Sousa
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga 4710-057, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Guimarães, Braga, Portugal.
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Chimi LY, Bisso BN, Njateng GSS, Dzoyem JP. Antibiotic-Potentiating Effect of Some Bioactive Natural Products against Planktonic Cells, Biofilms, and Virulence Factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:9410609. [PMID: 37663785 PMCID: PMC10470073 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9410609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen that causes infections that are mediated by both virulence factor production and biofilm formation. In addition, many antibiotics are increasingly losing their efficacy due to the development of resistance. The screening of potentially bioactive natural compounds that have both antivirulence and antibiofilm activities to enhance antibiotic efficacy and reverse antibiotic resistance is a good strategy to overcome these issues. In this study, the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence factor activities of some bioactive natural products in combination with conventional antibiotics were evaluated against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Methods The broth microdilution method was used to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. The checkerboard method was used to evaluate the combination interactions. Spectrophotometric and agar plate techniques were used to assess the effect of the combination on the pyocyanin production and the motility in P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 strain. Results Out of the eighteen combinations tested, ten exhibited synergistic effects against planktonic cells, seven against biofilm inhibition, and five against the eradication of mature biofilm of P. aeruginosa biofilm. The best synergistic effect was the association of amikacin and sinapic acid against planktonic cells (FICI = 0.08) with a 70-fold reduction in the MIC value of amikacin. The same combination showed significant synergistic inhibition of biofilm formation (FICI = 0.1) and biofilm eradication (FICI = 0.15) reducing the MBIC and MBEC of amikacin by 32-fold. Some selected synergistic combinations showed statistically significant differences (p < 0.01 or p < 0.001) in the inhibition of virulence factors compared to the antimicrobials alone. Conclusion In summary, this study revealed sinapic acid as an antibiotic adjuvant and antivirulence compound to overcome P. aeruginosa infections. This finding indicates that the combinations of amikacin plus sinapic acid, ceftazidime plus thymol, and norfloxacin plus curcumin could be considered promising candidates for the development of combination therapies targeting virulence factors against P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Yetendje Chimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Borel Ndezo Bisso
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Paul Dzoyem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
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Shi S, Dong H, Chen X, Xu S, Song Y, Li M, Yan Z, Wang X, Niu M, Zhang M, Liao C. Sustained release of alginate hydrogel containing antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) in vitro and its effect on wound healing in murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e44. [PMID: 37271512 PMCID: PMC10244133 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. METHODS Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. RESULTS The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Shi
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Hefan Dong
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiaoyou Chen
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Siqi Xu
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yue Song
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Meiting Li
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Zhiling Yan
- Jiaozuo Center for Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Jiaozuo 454003, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Mingfu Niu
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
| | - Chengshui Liao
- The Key Lab of Veterinary Biological Products, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.
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Chowdhury G, Das B, Kumar S, Pant A, Mukherjee P, Ghosh D, Koley H, Miyoshi SI, Okamoto K, Paul A, Dutta S, Ramamurthy T, Mukhopadyay AK. Genomic insights into extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from a diarrhea case in Kolkata, India. Future Microbiol 2023; 18:173-186. [PMID: 36916516 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To characterize extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a patient with diarrhea. Materials & methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by the disk diffusion method. The P. aeruginosa genome was sequenced to identify virulence, antibiotic resistance and prophages encoding genes. Results: P. aeruginosa had a wide spectrum of resistance to antibiotics. Genomic analysis of P. aeruginosa revealed 76 genes associated with antimicrobial resistance, xenobiotic degradation and the type three secretion system. Conclusion: This is the first report on diarrhea associated with P. aeruginosa. Since no other organism was identified, the authors assume that the patient had dysbiosis due to antibiotic exposure, leading to antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The in vivo toxicity expressed by the pathogen may be associated with T3SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Chowdhury
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India.,Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Infection & Immunology Division, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Infection & Immunology Division, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Archana Pant
- Infection & Immunology Division, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Priyadarshini Mukherjee
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Debjani Ghosh
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Hemanta Koley
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India.,Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Center of Okayama University for Infectious Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Alapan Paul
- Department of Medicine, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, 700014, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Thandavarayan Ramamurthy
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India.,Infection & Immunology Division, Translational Health Science & Technology Institute, Faridabad, 121001, India
| | - Asish K Mukhopadyay
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute of Cholera & Enteric Diseases, Kolkata, 700010, India
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10
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Deletion of pbpC Enhances Bacterial Pathogenicity on Tomato by Affecting Biofilm Formation, Exopolysaccharides Production, and Exoenzyme Activities in Clavibacter michiganensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065324. [PMID: 36982399 PMCID: PMC10049144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are considered essential for bacterial peptidoglycan biosynthesis and cell wall assembly. Clavibacter michiganensis is a representative Gram-positive bacterial species that causes bacterial canker in tomato. pbpC plays a significant role in maintaining cell morphological characteristics and stress responses in C. michiganensis. The current study demonstrated that the deletion of pbpC commonly enhances bacterial pathogenicity in C. michiganensis and revealed the mechanisms through which this occurs. The expression of interrelated virulence genes, including celA, xysA, xysB, and pelA, were significantly upregulated in △pbpC mutants. Compared with those in wild-type strains, exoenzyme activities, the formation of biofilm, and the production of exopolysaccharides (EPS) were significantly increased in △pbpC mutants. It is noteworthy that EPS were responsible for the enhancement in bacterial pathogenicity, with the degree of necrotic tomato stem cankers intensifying with the injection of a gradient of EPS from C. michiganensis. These findings highlight new insights into the role of pbpC affecting bacterial pathogenicity, with an emphasis on EPS, advancing the current understanding of phytopathogenic infection strategies for Gram-positive bacteria.
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11
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Investigating the effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and the prebiotic fructooligosaccharides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa metabolome, virulence factors and biofilm formation as potential quorum sensing inhibitors. Microb Pathog 2023; 177:106057. [PMID: 36878335 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) uses quorum sensing signaling (QS) molecules to control the expression of virulence factors and biofilm formation. In this study, the effects of the probiotic's (Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum)) lysate and cell-free supernatant and the prebiotic (Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)) on the levels of P. aeruginosa QS molecules, virulence factors, biofilm density and metabolites were observed. These effects were investigated using exofactor assays, crystal violet and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics approach. Results showed that in comparison to untreated P. aeruginosa, the L. plantarum cell-free supernatant (5%) and FOS (2%) significantly reduced the levels of the virulence factor pyoverdine (PVD) and several metabolites in the QS pathway including Pseudomonas autoinducer-2 (PAI-2). Metabolomics study revealed that the level of different secondary metabolites involved in the biosynthesis of vitamins, amino acids and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were also affected. L. Plantarum was found to have a higher impact on the metabolomics profile of P. aeruginosa and its QS molecules compared to FOS. Lastly, a decrease in the formation of the P. aeruginosa biofilm was observed in a time-dependent pattern upon treatment with either cell-free supernatant of L. plantarum (5%), FOS (2%) or a combination of both treatments (5% + 2%). The latter showed the highest effect with 83% reduction in biofilm density at 72 h incubation. This work highlighted the important role probiotics and prebiotics play as potential QS inhibitors for P. aeruginosa. Moreover, it demonstrated the significant role of LC-MS metabolomics for investigating the altered biochemical and QS pathways in P. aeruginosa.
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12
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Al-Wrafy FA, Alariqi R, Noman EA, Al-Gheethi AA, Mutahar M. Pseudomonas aeruginosa behaviour in polymicrobial communities: The competitive and cooperative interactions conducting to the exacerbation of infections. Microbiol Res 2023; 268:127298. [PMID: 36610273 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is mostly associated with persistent infections and antibiotic resistance as a result of several factors, biofilms one of them. Microorganisms within the polymicrobial biofilm (PMB) reveal various transcriptional profiles and affect each other which might influence their pathogenicity and antibiotic tolerance and subsequent worsening of the biofilm infection. P. aeruginosa within PMB exhibits various behaviours toward other microorganisms, which may enhance or repress the virulence of these microbes. Microbial neighbours, in turn, may affect P. aeruginosa's virulence either positively or negatively. Such interactions among microorganisms lead to emerging persistent and antibiotic-resistant infections. This review highlights the relationship between P. aeruginosa and its microbial neighbours within the PMB in an attempt to better understand the mechanisms of polymicrobial interaction and the correlation between increased exacerbations of infection and the P. aeruginosa-microbe interaction. Researching in the literature that was carried out in vitro either in co-cultures or in the models to simulate the environment at the site of infection suggested that the interplay between P. aeruginosa and other microorganisms is one main reason for the worsening of the infection and which in turn requires a treatment approach different from that followed with P. aeruginosa mono-infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairoz Ali Al-Wrafy
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6350 Taiz, Yemen.
| | - Reem Alariqi
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University, 1247 Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Efaq Ali Noman
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6350 Taiz, Yemen
| | - Adel Ali Al-Gheethi
- Civil Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mahdi Mutahar
- Faculty of Science & Health, University of Portsmouth Dental Academy, PO1 2QG Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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13
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Baral B. Phages against killer superbugs: An enticing strategy against antibiotics-resistant pathogens. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1036051. [PMID: 36762109 PMCID: PMC9902939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1036051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging resistivity of antibiotic resistance superbugs desire the need to resolve the global problem of antibiotic resistance. Among several other methods currently being adopted, one possible solution may be the development of supplemental therapies for antibiotics. The use of the normal and advanced bactericidal properties of bacteriophages (bacteriophage therapy) may be one of the viable infection control options. It is evident, however, that the safe and regulated application of phage treatment will need extensive knowledge of the characteristics and behaviour of certain phage-bacterium systems. This mini review offers an overview of the potential for phage therapy as well as the constraints and obstacles it faces in becoming a commonly accepted infection management strategy.
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14
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Mansor MR, AL-Khalidi ZS, Almuhanna EH, Hussein HR, Almulla AF, Alnaji HA. Detection and Study nan1 and tox A genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Isolates from Otitis Media Patients Considered as Virulence Factors. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.30699/ijmm.17.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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15
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Yang Y, Pan D, Tang Y, Li J, Zhu K, Yu Z, Zhu L, Wang Y, Chen P, Li C. H3-T6SS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 contributes to environmental adaptation via secretion of a biofilm-promoting effector. STRESS BIOLOGY 2022; 2:55. [PMID: 37676573 PMCID: PMC10442045 DOI: 10.1007/s44154-022-00078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Microbial species often occur in complex communities and exhibit intricate synergistic and antagonistic interactions. To avoid predation and compete for favorable niches, bacteria have evolved specialized protein secretion systems. The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is a versatile secretion system widely distributed among Gram-negative bacteria that translocates effectors into target cells or the extracellular milieu via various physiological processes. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen responsible for many diseases, and it has three independent T6SSs (H1-, H2-, and H3-T6SS). In this study, we found that the H3-T6SS of highly virulent P. aeruginosa PA14 is negatively regulated by OxyR and OmpR, which are global regulatory proteins of bacterial oxidative and acid stress. In addition, we identified a H3-T6SS effector PA14_33970, which is located upstream of VgrG3. PA14_33970 interacted directly with VgrG3 and translocated into host cells. Moreover, we found that H3-T6SS and PA14_33970 play crucial roles in oxidative, acid, and osmotic stress resistance, as well as in motility and biofilm formation. PA14_33970 was identified as a new T6SS effector promoting biofilm formation and thus named TepB. Furthermore, we found that TepB contributes to the virulence of P. aeruginosa PA14 toward Caenorhabditis elegans. Overall, our study indicates that H3-T6SS and its biofilm-promoting effector TepB are regulated by OxyR and OmpR, both of which are important for adaptation of P. aeruginosa PA14 to multiple stressors, providing insights into the regulatory mechanisms and roles of T6SSs in P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Damin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yanan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiali Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kaixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zonglan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lingfang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Changfu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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16
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Pérez-Díaz MA, Alvarado-Gómez E, Martínez-Pardo ME, José Yacamán M, Flores-Santos A, Sánchez-Sánchez R, Martínez-Gutiérrez F, Bach H. Development of Radiosterilized Porcine Skin Electrosprayed with Silver Nanoparticles Prevents Infections in Deep Burns. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13910. [PMID: 36430385 PMCID: PMC9698029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive burns represent a significant challenge in biomedicine due to the multiple systemic and localized complications resulting from the major skin barrier loss. The functionalization of xenografts with nanostructured antibacterial agents proposes a fast and accessible application to restore barrier function and prevent localized bacterial contamination. Based on this, the objective of this work was to functionalize a xenograft by electrospray deposition with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and to evaluate its antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects on human fibroblasts. Initially, AgNPs were synthesized by a green microwave route with sizes of 2.1, 6.8, and 12.2 nm and concentrations of 0.055, 0.167, and 0.500 M, respectively. The AgNPs showed a size relationship directly proportional to the concentration of AgNO3, with a spherical and homogeneous distribution determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The surface functionalization of radiosterilized porcine skin (RPS) via electrospray deposition with the three AgNP concentrations (0.055, 0.167, and 0.500 M) in the epidermis and the dermis showed a uniform distribution on both surfaces by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The antibiofilm assays of clinical multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed significant effects at the concentrations of 0.167 and 0.500 M, with a log reduction of 1.3 and 2.6, respectively. Additionally, viability experiments with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to AgNPs released from functionalized porcine skin showed favorable tolerance, with retention of viability more significant than 90% for concentrations of 0.05 and 0.167 M after 24 h exposure. Antibacterial activity combined with excellent biocompatibility makes this biomaterial a candidate for antibacterial protection by inhibiting bacterial biofilms in deep burns during early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Alberto Pérez-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Calzada México Xochimilco No. 289, Colonia Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Alvarado-Gómez
- Laboratorio de Antimicrobianos, Biopelículas y Microbiota, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - María Esther Martínez-Pardo
- Banco de Tejidos Radioesterilizados, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares (BTR-ININ), Carretera México-Toluca S/N La Marquesa, Ocoyoacac 52750, Mexico
| | - Miguel José Yacamán
- Applied Physics and Materials Science Department, Core Faculty Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications (MIRA), Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Andrés Flores-Santos
- Laboratorio de Antimicrobianos, Biopelículas y Microbiota, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
| | - Roberto Sánchez-Sánchez
- Unidad de Ingeniería de Tejidos Terapia Celular y Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra (INR-LGII), Calzada México Xochimilco No. 289, Colonia Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Departamento de Bioingeniería, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, C. Puente No. 222, Colonia Arboledas Sur, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14380, Mexico
| | - Fidel Martínez-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Antimicrobianos, Biopelículas y Microbiota, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava No. 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona No. 550, Lomas, San Luis Potosí 28210, Mexico
| | - Horacio Bach
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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17
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Kluzek M, Oppenheimer-Shaanan Y, Dadosh T, Morandi MI, Avinoam O, Raanan C, Goldsmith M, Goldberg R, Klein J. Designer Liposomic Nanocarriers Are Effective Biofilm Eradicators. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15792-15804. [PMID: 36018573 PMCID: PMC9620068 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Drug delivery via nanovehicles is successfully employed in several clinical settings, yet bacterial infections, forming microbial communities in the form of biofilms, present a strong challenge to therapeutic treatment due to resistance to conventional antimicrobial therapies. Liposomes can provide a versatile drug-vector strategy for biofilm treatment, but are limited by the need to balance colloidal stability with biofilm penetration. We have discovered a liposomic functionalization strategy, using membrane-embedded moieties of poly[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl phosphorylcholine], pMPC, that overcomes this limitation. Such pMPCylation results in liposomic stability equivalent to current functionalization strategies (mostly PEGylation, the present gold-standard), but with strikingly improved cellular uptake and cargo conveyance. Fluorimetry, cryo-electron, and fluorescence microscopies reveal a far-enhanced antibiotic delivery to model Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by pMPC-liposomes, followed by faster cytosolic cargo release, resulting in significantly greater biofilm eradication than either PEGylation or free drug. Moreover, this combination of techniques uncovers the molecular mechanism underlying the enhanced interaction with bacteria, indicating it arises from bridging by divalent ions of the zwitterionic groups on the pMPC moieties to the negatively charged lipopolysaccharide chains emanating from the bacterial membranes. Our results point to pMPCylation as a transformative strategy for liposomal functionalization, leading to next-generation delivery systems for biofilm treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kluzek
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | - Tali Dadosh
- Department
of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Mattia I. Morandi
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Calanit Raanan
- Department
of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Moshe Goldsmith
- Department
of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ronit Goldberg
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jacob Klein
- Department
of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Rezk N, Abdelsattar AS, Elzoghby D, Agwa MM, Abdelmoteleb M, Aly RG, Fayez MS, Essam K, Zaki BM, El-Shibiny A. Bacteriophage as a potential therapy to control antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection through topical application onto a full-thickness wound in a rat model. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:133. [PMID: 36094767 PMCID: PMC9468208 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is one of the most critical pathogens in wound infections, causing high mortality and morbidity in severe cases. However, bacteriophage therapy is a potential alternative to antibiotics against P. aeruginosa. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate a novel phage targeting P. aeruginosa and examine its efficacy in vitro and in vivo.
Results
The morphometric and genomic analyses revealed that ZCPA1 belongs to the Siphoviridae family and could infect 58% of the tested antibiotic-resistant P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. The phage ZCPA1 exhibited thermal stability at 37 °C, and then, it decreased gradually at 50 °C and 60 °C. At the same time, it dropped significantly at 70 °C, and the phage was undetectable at 80 °C. Moreover, the phage ZCPA1 exhibited no significant titer reduction at a wide range of pH values (4–10) with maximum activity at pH 7. In addition, it was stable for 45 min under UV light with one log reduction after 1 h. Also, it displayed significant lytic activity and biofilm elimination against P. aeruginosa by inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro in a dose-dependent pattern with a complete reduction of the bacterial growth at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 100. In addition, P. aeruginosa-infected wounds treated with phages displayed 100% wound closure with a high quality of regenerated skin compared to the untreated and gentamicin-treated groups due to the complete elimination of bacterial infection.
Conclusion
The phage ZCPA1 exhibited high lytic activity against MDR P. aeruginosa planktonic and biofilms. In addition, phage ZCPA1 showed complete wound healing in the rat model. Hence, this research demonstrates the potential of phage therapy as a promising alternative in treating MDR P. aeruginosa.
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Emergence and Transfer of Plasmid-Harbored rmtB in a Clinical Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091818. [PMID: 36144421 PMCID: PMC9500886 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a great challenge to clinical treatment. In this study, we characterized a ST768 MDR P. aeruginosa strain, Pa150, that was isolated from a diabetic foot patient. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay showed that Pa150 was resistant to almost all kinds of antibiotics, especially aminoglycosides. Whole genome sequencing revealed multiple antibiotic resistant genes on the chromosome and a 437-Kb plasmid (named pTJPa150) that harbors conjugation-related genes. A conjugation assay verified its self-transmissibility. On the pTJPa150 plasmid, we identified a 16S rRNA methylase gene, rmtB, that is flanked by mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The transfer of the pTJPa150 plasmid or the cloning of the rmtB gene into the reference strain, PAO1, significantly increased the bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an rmtB-carrying conjugative plasmid isolated from P. aeruginosa, revealing a novel possible transmission mechanism of the rmtB gene.
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In Vitro Synergistic Inhibitory Activity of Natural Alkaloid Berberine Combined with Azithromycin against Alginate Production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3858500. [PMID: 36124086 PMCID: PMC9482538 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3858500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background. Berberine (BER) is a natural isoquinoline alkaloid which extensively been applied to treat bacterial infection in TCM for a long time. Alginate is an important component of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. Herein, we investigated the effects of berberine and azithromycin (AZM) on alginate in the biofilm of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Methods. The MIC and synergistic activity of BER and AZM against PAO1 were determined using the micro broth dilution and checkerboard titration methods, respectively. The effect of BER on PAO1 growth was evaluated using a time-kill assay. Moreover, the effects of BER, AZM, and a combination of both on PAO1 biofilm formation, kinesis, and virulence factor expression were evaluated at subinhibitory concentrations. The alginate content in the biofilm was detected using ELISA, and the relative expression of alginate formation-related genes algD, algR, and algG was detected by qRT-PCR. Results. Simultaneous administration of berberine significantly reduced the MIC of azithromycin, and berberine at a certain concentration inhibited PAO1 growth. Moreover, combined berberine and azithromycin had synergistic effects against PAO1, significantly reducing biofilm formation, swarming, and twitching motility, and the production of virulence factors. The relative expression of alginate-related regulatory genes algG, algD, and algR of the combined treatment group was significantly lower than that of the control group. Conclusion. In summary, berberine and azithromycin in combination had a significant synergistic effect on the inhibition of alginate production by P. aeruginosa. Further molecular studies are in great need to reveal the mechanisms underlying the synergistic activity between berberine and azithromycin.
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Chowdhury N, Bagchi A. A drug repurposing endeavor to discover a multi-targeting ligand against RhlR and LasR proteins from opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Mol Model 2022; 28:295. [PMID: 36064977 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05301-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen. It synthesizes the poison called Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN). The synthesis of HCN is mediated by the enzyme HCN synthase which is obtained from the hcnABC operon and the transcription of the hcnABC operon is mediated by three proteins LasR, RhlR, and ANR. In our previous works, we analyzed the activation process of RhlR and LasR proteins by their cognate auto-inducer ligands (N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-homoserine lactone respectively). In this work, we attempted to identify some multi-targeting ligands which would be able to destroy the structural integrity of both the RhlR and LasR proteins using steered MD simulations. We used the virtual screening of ligand libraries, and for that purpose, we used the NCI drug database. We selected the top 4 ligands from our virtual screening experiments. We then tried to check their relative binding affinities with the LasR and RhlR proteins in comparison to their native auto-inducer ligands. Through this work, we were able to identify 4 such ligands which were capable of binding to both the RhlR and LasR proteins in a better way than their native auto-inducer ligands. The efficacies of these ligands to actually perturb the structural integrity of RhlR and LasR proteins could be tested in wet lab. The work is the first work in the field of structure-based drug design to come up with possible multi-targeting drug-like structures against the RhlR and LasR proteins from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkanta Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Ranchi-Purulia Road Campus, Near Sainik School, Purulia, 723104, West Bengal, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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22
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Morais D, Tanoeiro L, Marques AT, Gonçalves T, Duarte A, Matos APA, Vital JS, Cruz MEM, Carvalheiro MC, Anes E, Vítor JMB, Gaspar MM, Vale FF. Liposomal Delivery of Newly Identified Prophage Lysins in a Pseudomonas aeruginosa Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710143. [PMID: 36077542 PMCID: PMC9456237 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium that presents resistance to several antibiotics, thus, representing a major threat to human and animal health. Phage-derived products, namely lysins, or peptidoglycan-hydrolyzing enzymes, can be an effective weapon against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Whereas in Gram-positive bacteria, lysis from without is facilitated by the exposed peptidoglycan layer, this is not possible in the outer membrane-protected peptidoglycan of Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we suggest the encapsulation of lysins in liposomes as a delivery system against Gram-negative bacteria, using the model of P. aeruginosa. Bioinformatic analysis allowed for the identification of 38 distinct complete prophages within 66 P. aeruginosa genomes (16 of which newly sequenced) and led to the identification of 19 lysins of diverse sequence and function, 5 of which proceeded to wet lab analysis. The four purifiable lysins showed hydrolytic activity against Gram-positive bacterial lawns and, on zymogram assays, constituted of autoclaved P. aeruginosa cells. Additionally, lysins Pa7 and Pa119 combined with an outer membrane permeabilizer showed activity against P. aeruginosa cells. These two lysins were successfully encapsulated in DPPC:DOPE:CHEMS (molar ratio 4:4:2) liposomes with an average encapsulation efficiency of 33.33% and 32.30%, respectively. The application of the encapsulated lysins to the model P. aeruginosa led to a reduction in cell viability and resulted in cell lysis as observed in MTT cell viability assays and electron microscopy. In sum, we report here that prophages may be important sources of new enzybiotics, with prophage lysins showing high diversity and activity. In addition, these enzybiotics following their incorporation in liposomes were able to potentiate their antibacterial effect against the Gram-negative bacteria P. aeruginosa, used as the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morais
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Tanoeiro
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia T. Marques
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tiago Gonçalves
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aida Duarte
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - António Pedro Alves Matos
- Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz (CiiEM), Instituto Superior Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, 2829-511 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Joana S. Vital
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Eugénia Meirinhos Cruz
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuela Colla Carvalheiro
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge M. B. Vítor
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Gaspar
- Advanced Technologies for Drug Delivery, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed-ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: or (M.M.G.); or (F.F.V.)
| | - Filipa F. Vale
- Pathogen Genome Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: or (M.M.G.); or (F.F.V.)
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23
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Bogiel T, Depka D, Rzepka M, Mikucka A. Decoding Genetic Features and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains Isolated from Bloodstream Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169208. [PMID: 36012468 PMCID: PMC9409454 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative rod and an etiological factor of opportunistic infections. The infections of this etiology appear mostly among hospitalized patients and are relatively hard to treat due to widespread antimicrobial resistance. Many virulence factors are involved in the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa infection, the coexistence of which have a significant impact on the course of an infection with a particular localization. The aim of this study was to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and the frequency of genes encoding selected virulence factors in clinical P. aeruginosa strains isolated from bloodstream infections (BSIs). The following genes encoding virulence factors of enzymatic activity were assessed: lasB, plC H, plC N, nan1, nan2, aprA and phzM. The frequency of the genes encoding the type III secretion system effector proteins (exoU and exoS) and the genes encoding pilin structural subunits (pilA and pilB) were also investigated. The occurrence of virulence-factor genes was assessed using polymerase chain reactions, each in a separate reaction. Seventy-one P. aeruginosa strains, isolated from blood samples of patients with confirmed bacteremia hospitalized at the University Hospital No. 1 of Dr. Antoni Jurasz in Bydgoszcz, Poland, were included in the study. All the investigated strains were susceptible to colistin, while the majority of the strains presented resistance to ticarcillin/clavulanate (71.8%), piperacillin (60.6 %), imipenem (57.7%) and piperacillin/tazobactam (52.1%). The presence of the lasB and plC H genes was noted in all the tested strains, while the plC N, nan2, aprA, phzM and nan1 genes were identified in 68 (95.8%), 66 (93.0%), 63 (88.7%), 55 (77.5%) and 34 (47.9%) isolates, respectively. In 44 (62.0%) and 41 (57.7%) strains, the presence of the exoU and exoS genes was confirmed, while the pilA and pilB genes were noted only in 14 (19.7%) and 3 (4.2%) isolates, respectively. This may be due to the diverse roles of these proteins in the development and maintenance of BSIs. Statistically significant correlations were observed between particular gene pairs’ coexistence (e.g., alkaline protease and neuraminidase 2). Altogether, twenty-seven distinctive genotypes were observed among the studied strains, indicating the vast variety of genetic compositions of P. aeruginosa strains causing BSIs.
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24
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Demonstration of the efficacy of curcumin on carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Galleria mellonella larvae model. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:524. [PMID: 35882691 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, studies where new treatment options are investigated along with the synergistic effects of natural products with antibiotics have arisen. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen and infection with multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa poses a critical problem during treatment. Curcumin (CUR) is listed in the literature as one of the promising natural ingredients with its strong antimicrobial activity. In our study, our aim was to investigate the in vitro synergistic effect of CUR with imipenem (IMP) and Colistin (CST) in MDR P. aeruginosa isolates and in vivo activity on Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) larvae. Three clinical isolates of MDR P. aeruginosa, which were determined to be phenotypically resistant to carbapenems, were used, and KPC and OXA48 resistance genes were determined by PCR method. The synergistic effect of CUR with antibiotics were investigated by the checkerboard method. Larval survival and bacterial load were compared with the in vivo study. In this study, IMP MIC values were significantly reduced (two to eight-fold decrease) in the presence of CUR, and partial synergy was observed. For CST, this value decreased two-fold. Bacterial load was evaluated to investigate the effect of antimicrobials during infection. While the CFUs increased over time in non-treated larvae as compared to the initial inoculum, bacterial load was significantly decreased for the groups treated with CUR, IMP and CST compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05). It was concluded CUR-antibiotic combinations can provide an alternative approach in the treatment of infections with MDR bacteria.
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25
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Presence of quorum sensing system, virulence genes, biofilm formation and relationship among them and class 1 integron in carbapenem-resistant clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:464. [PMID: 35802194 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03061-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenems are the most effective agents for treating clinical P. aeruginosa (PsA) infections. During an infection, a quorum-sensing (QS) system and its regulating virulence genes have a great role. The aim of the study was to detect the presence of a las and rhl QS system and related virulence genes, biofilm formation and a class 1 (Cls1) integron. A total of 52 carbapenem-resistant PsA (CRPsA) isolates obtained from Kastamonu, Turkey was analyzed. For the isolation and identification of CRPsA isolates, a conventional culture method, an automated VITEK-2 compact system, and oprL gene-based molecular technique were applied. The two QS system genes were detected in 51 (98.1%), and co-existed of four two QS system genes (lasI/R and rhIl/R genes) were determined in 41 (78.8%) of the isolates. algD, lasB, toxA and aprA genes were detected in between 46.1 and 88.5%, and co-existence of four two QS system genes with four virulence genes were detected in 40.4% of the isolates. Biofilm formation using microtiter plate assay and slime production using Congo Red Agar and Cls1 integron were determined in 84.6%, 67.3% and 51.9% of the isolates, respectively. According to statistical analyses results, there was a significant positive correlation (p < .10) between the las and the rhl systems and a strongly and positive correlation (p < .01 or p < .05) between the rhl system-three virulence genes and slime production-and among some virulence genes. In conclusion, the CRPsA isolates tested in the study are highly virulent and QS systems have a significant role in pathogenesis.
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26
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Shahri FN, Izanloo A, Goharrizi MASB, Jamali A, Bagheri H, Hjimohammadi A, Ardebili A. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and genotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from Gorgan, northern Iran. Int Microbiol 2022; 25:709-721. [PMID: 35697891 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-022-00256-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important nosocomial pathogen with a capacity of resistance to multiple antibiotics and production of various extracellular and cell-associated virulence factors that clearly contribute to its pathogenicity. The objective of this study was to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility, virulence factors, and clonal relationship among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. Different clinical specimens from hospitalized patients were investigated for P. aeruginosa. Susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. A total of 97 P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from clinical specimens. The percentage of isolates resistant to antimicrobials was imipenem 25.77%, meropenem 15.46%, gentamicin 16.49%, tobramycin 15.46%, amikacin 16.49%, ciprofloxacin 20.61%, levofloxacin 24.74, ceftazidime 20.61%, piperacillin 15.46%, piperacillin/tazobactam 12.37%, colistin 9.27%, and polymyxin B 11.34%. Of isolates, 87.62% possessed β-hemolytic activity, 78.35% lecithinase, 59.8% elastase, 37.11% DNase, and 28.86% twitching motility. The frequency of virulence genes in isolates was lasB 82.47%, plcH 82.47%, exoA 58.76%, exoS 56.7%, and pilA 10.3%. ERIC-PCR typing clustered P. aeruginosa isolates to 19 common types (CT1-CT19) containing isolates from different hospitals and 43 single types (ST1-ST43). Colistin and polymyxin B were the most effective agents against the majority of P. aeruginosa isolates, emphasizing the effort to maintain their antibacterial activity as last-line therapy. The frequency of some virulence factors and genes was noticeably high, which is alarming. In addition, more effective strategies and surveillance are necessary to confine and prevent the inter-hospital and/or intra-hospital dissemination of P. aeruginosa between therapeutic centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nemati Shahri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 4934174515, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ahdieh Izanloo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Ailar Jamali
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 4934174515, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hanieh Bagheri
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Hjimohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Ardebili
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 4934174515, Gorgan, Iran.
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27
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Control of biofilm-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dairy farm using Virokill silver nano-based disinfectant as an alternative approach. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9452. [PMID: 35676412 PMCID: PMC9177611 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13619-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an important opportunistic pathogen that is responsible for many clinical infections in both animals and humans. This study aimed to detect the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in dairy farm's that possess a great importance to dairy industry where it shares in milk spoilage. Evaluation of the efficacy of commonly used disinfectants to control the pathogen in dairy environment and finding a way to overcome high resistance to the used agents. Samples (n = 250) were collected from different environmental components, milk, and milkers' hands. Pathogens were isolated, biofilm was detected and their sensitivity against two commonly used disinfectants and against silver nanoparticles and Virokill AgNPs at different concentrations and contact times were tested. The pathogen significantly prevailed in milk samples (70.0%, P < 0.001). 50 out 74 isolates were biofilm-forming that was significantly obtained from environment (71.8%, P < 0.001). P. aeruginosa showed variable degree of resistance to tested disinfectants but it was significantly sensitive to Virokill AgNPs (200/1000) mg/l at exposure time 24 h (P < 0.001). It was concluded that using Virokill AgNPs in regular sanitation and disinfection of dairy farms, this helps the control of P. aeruginosa subsequently increasing milk quality and improving dairy industry and protecting human health.
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28
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Visnapuu A, Van der Gucht M, Wagemans J, Lavigne R. Deconstructing the Phage-Bacterial Biofilm Interaction as a Basis to Establish New Antibiofilm Strategies. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051057. [PMID: 35632801 PMCID: PMC9145820 DOI: 10.3390/v14051057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial biofilm constitutes a complex environment that endows the bacterial community within with an ability to cope with biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering the interaction with bacterial viruses, these biofilms contain intrinsic defense mechanisms that protect against phage predation; these mechanisms are driven by physical, structural, and metabolic properties or governed by environment-induced mutations and bacterial diversity. In this regard, horizontal gene transfer can also be a driver of biofilm diversity and some (pro)phages can function as temporary allies in biofilm development. Conversely, as bacterial predators, phages have developed counter mechanisms to overcome the biofilm barrier. We highlight how these natural systems have previously inspired new antibiofilm design strategies, e.g., by utilizing exopolysaccharide degrading enzymes and peptidoglycan hydrolases. Next, we propose new potential approaches including phage-encoded DNases to target extracellular DNA, as well as phage-mediated inhibitors of cellular communication; these examples illustrate the relevance and importance of research aiming to elucidate novel antibiofilm mechanisms contained within the vast set of unknown ORFs from phages.
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29
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Mahmoudi M, Sadeghifard N, Maleki A, Yeo CC, Ghafourian S. relBE Toxin-antitoxin System as a Reliable Anti-biofilm Target in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:683-695. [PMID: 35445489 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The ability of the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa to produce biofilms has made it more difficult to treat its infections with current antibiotics. Several genes are involved in biofilm production, and toxin-antitoxin (TA) loci have been reported to be responsible for the regulation of biofilm-associated genes. This study was aimed at evaluating various TA loci in P. aeruginosa to find a reliable target in order to disrupt biofilm formation. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were assessed for biofilm production as well as the presence of various TA loci in their genomes. The relBETA locus was present in all 30 P. aeruginosa isolates but its expression was not detectable in isolates that did not show biofilm production. Quantitative real-time -PCR (q-PCR) also demonstrated that the expression of relBE was higher in isolates with stronger biofilm-producing capability. Knocking out the relBE locus in one biofilm-producing P. aeruginosa isolate led to the cessation of biofilm-producing capacity in that isolate and eliminated the expression of ndvB, which is among the genes involved in biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS These results inferred the involvement of relBE TA locus in the regulation of biofilm production in P. aeruginosa and indicated the possibility of relBE as an anti-biofilm target for this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mahmoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Nourkhoda Sadeghifard
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abbas Maleki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Centre, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Sobhan Ghafourian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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30
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Tang XK, Su YB, Ye HQ, Dai ZY, Yi H, Yang KX, Zhang TT, Chen ZG. Glucose-Potentiated Amikacin Killing of Cefoperazone/Sulbactam Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:800442. [PMID: 35310395 PMCID: PMC8928219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.800442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become one of global threat pathogens for human health due to insensitivity to antibiotics. Recently developed reprogramming metabolomics can identify biomarkers, and then, the biomarkers were used to revert the insensitivity and elevate antibiotic-mediated killing. Here, the methodology was used to study cefoperazone/sulbactam (SCF)-resistant P. aeruginosa (PA-RSCF) and identified reduced glycolysis and pyruvate cycle, a recent clarified cycle providing respiratory energy in bacteria, as the most key enriched pathways and the depressed glucose as one of the most crucial biomarkers. Further experiments showed that the depression of glucose was attributed to reduction of glucose transport. However, exogenous glucose reverted the reduction to elevate intracellular glucose via activating glucose transport. The elevated glucose fluxed to the glycolysis, pyruvate cycle, and electron transport chain to promote downstream proton motive force (PMF). Consistently, exogenous glucose did not promote SCF-mediated elimination but potentiated aminoglycosides-mediated killing since aminoglycosides uptake is PMF-dependent, where amikacin was the best one. The glucose-potentiated amikacin-mediated killing was effective to both lab-evolved PA-RSCF and clinical multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. These results reveal the depressed glucose uptake causes the reduced intracellular glucose and expand the application of metabolome-reprogramming on selecting conventional antibiotics to achieve the best killing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-kang Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-bin Su
- Department of Cell Biology & Institute of Biomedicine, National Engineering Research Center of Genetic Medicine, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-qing Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-yuan Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Yi
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-xin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuang-gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Allergy, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhuang-gui Chen,
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31
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Tuon FF, Dantas LR, Suss PH, Tasca Ribeiro VS. Pathogenesis of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm: A Review. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030300. [PMID: 35335624 PMCID: PMC8950561 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is associated with several human infections, mainly related to healthcare services. In the hospital, it is associated with resistance to several antibiotics, which poses a great challenge to therapy. However, one of the biggest challenges in treating P. aeruginosa infections is that related to biofilms. The complex structure of the P. aeruginosa biofilm contributes an additional factor to the pathogenicity of this microorganism, leading to therapeutic failure, in addition to escape from the immune system, and generating chronic infections that are difficult to eradicate. In this review, we address several molecular aspects of the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa biofilms.
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32
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Al-Wrafy FA, Al-Gheethi AA, Ponnusamy SK, Noman EA, Fattah SA. Nanoparticles approach to eradicate bacterial biofilm-related infections: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132603. [PMID: 34678351 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm represents one of the crucial factors for the emergence of multi-drug resistance bacterial infections. The high mortality, morbidity and medical device-related infections are associated with biofilm formation, which requires primarily seek alternative treatment strategies. Recently, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising method for eradicating bacterial biofilm-related infection. The efficacy of nanoparticles (NPs) against bacterial infections interest great attention, and the researches on the subject are rapidly increasing. However, the majority of studies continue to focus on the antimicrobial effects of NPs in vitro, while only a few achieved in vivo and very few registered as clinical trials. The present review aimed to organize the scattered available information regarding NPs approach to eradicate bacterial biofilm-related infections. The current review highlighted the advantages and disadvantages associated with this approach, in addition to the challenges that prevent reaching the clinical applications. It was appeared that the production of NPs either as antimicrobials or as drug carriers requires further investigations to overcome the obstacles associated with their kinetic and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fairoz Ali Al-Wrafy
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6350, Taiz, Yemen.
| | - Adel Ali Al-Gheethi
- Civil Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia.
| | - Senthil Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
| | - Efaq Ali Noman
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6350, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Shaima Abdul Fattah
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Applied Science, Taiz University, 6350, Taiz, Yemen; Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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33
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Namonyo S, Carvalho G, Guo J, Weynberg KD. Novel Bacteriophages Show Activity against Selected Australian Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020210. [PMID: 35208664 PMCID: PMC8875357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most prevalent bacteria in the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and burn wounds and among the most common in immunocompromised hospital patients in Australia. There are currently no promising antibiotics in the pipeline being developed against these strains. Phage therapy, which uses viruses known as bacteriophages to infect and kill pathogenic bacteria, could be a possible alternative treatment. To this end, we isolated and characterised four novel phages against Australian clinical strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis, from infected blood and joint aspirate in Southeast Queensland, Australia. Activated sludge was enriched for phages using the clinical strains, and four bacteriophages were isolated. The phages were able to cause lysis in a further three identified clinical isolates. Morphology showed that they were all tailed phages (of the order Caudovirales), two belonging to the family Myoviridae and the others assigned to the Podoviridae and Siphoviridae. Their genomes were sequenced to reveal a doubled stranded DNA topology with genome sizes ranging from 42 kb to 65 kb. In isolating and characterising these novel phages, we directed our efforts toward the development and use of these phages as candidates for phage therapy as an alternative strategy for the management or elimination of these pathogenic strains. Here we describe novel phage candidates for potential therapeutic treatment of MDR Australian clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Namonyo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.N.); (J.G.)
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Services, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gilda Carvalho
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.N.); (J.G.)
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (K.D.W.)
| | - Jianhua Guo
- Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology (ACWEB, formerly AWMC), The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (S.N.); (J.G.)
| | - Karen D. Weynberg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, School of Chemistry & Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence: (G.C.); (K.D.W.)
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Expression of a phage-encoded Gp21 protein protects Pseudomonas aeruginosa against phage infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0176921. [PMID: 35020473 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01769-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a continuously expanding gap between predicted phage gene sequences and their corresponding functions, which largely hampered the development of phage therapy. Previous studies reported several phage proteins that could interfere with the intracellular processes of the host to obtain efficient infection. But few phage proteins that protect host against phage infection has been identified and characterized in detail. Here, we isolate a phage vB_Pae_QDWS capable of infecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, and report its encoded Gp21 protein protects PAO1 against phage infection. Expressing of Gp21 regulate bacterial quorum sensing with an inhibitory effect in low cell density and activation effect in high cell density. By testing the TFPs-mediated twitching motility and transmission electron microscopy analysis, Gp21 was found decreased the pilus synthesis. Further constructing the TFPs synthesis gene pilB mutant and performing adsorption and phage resistance assay, we demonstrated Gp21 protein could block phage infection via decreasing the TFPs-mediated phage adsorption. Gp21 is a novel protein that inhibit phage efficacy against bacteria. The study deepens our understanding of phage-host interactions. Importance The majority of the annotated phage genes are currently deposited as "hypothetical protein" with unknown function. Researches revealed that some phage proteins serve to inhibit or redirect the host intracellular processes for phage infection. Differently, we report a phage encoded protein Gp21 that protect the host against phage infection. The pathways that Gp21 involved in anti-phage defense in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 are interfering with quorum sensing and decreasing the type IV pilus-mediated phage adsorption. Gp21 is a novel protein with a low sequence homology with other reported twitching inhibitory proteins. As a lytic phage derived protein, Gp21 expression protects P. aeruginosa PAO1 from reinfection by phage vB_Pae_QDWS, which may explain the well-known pseudolysogeny caused by virulent phages. Our discoveries provide valuable new insight into the phage-host evolutionary dynamics.
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Abstract
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the bacteria that cause serious infections due to resistance to many antibiotics can be fatal in severe cases. Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health concern. To solve this problem, interest in phage therapy has revived; some studies are being developed to try to prove the effectiveness of this therapy. Thus, in this opinion article, several historical aspects are addressed as well some applications of phage therapy against P. aeruginosa.
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Xiao Y, Wang P, Zhu X, Xie Z. Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS gtrA/ B/ II Gene Cluster Contributes to Its Pathogenicity toward Caenorhabditis elegans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910741. [PMID: 34639082 PMCID: PMC8509367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas donghuensis HYS is more virulent than P. aeruginosa toward Caenorhabditis elegans but the mechanism underlying virulence is unclear. This study is the first to report that the specific gene cluster gtrA/B/II in P. donghuensis HYS is involved in the virulence of this strain toward C. elegans, and there are no reports of GtrA, GtrB and GtrII in any Pseudomonas species. The pathogenicity of P. donghuensis HYS was evaluated using C. elegans as a host. Based on the prediction of virulence factors and comparative genomic analysis of P. donghuensis HYS, we identified 42 specific virulence genes in P. donghuensis HYS. Slow-killing assays of these genes showed that the gtrAB mutation had the greatest effect on the virulence of P. donghuensis HYS, and GtrA, GtrB and GtrII all positively affected P. donghuensis HYS virulence. Two critical GtrII residues (Glu47 and Lys480) were identified in P. donghuensis HYS. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that GtrA, GtrB and GtrII were involved in the glucosylation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigen in P. donghuensis HYS. Furthermore, colony-forming unit (CFU) assays showed that GtrA, GtrB and GtrII significantly enhanced P. donghuensis HYS colonization in the gut of C. elegans, and glucosylation of LPS O-antigen and colonization in the host intestine contributed to the pathogenicity of P. donghuensis HYS. In addition, experiments using the worm mutants ZD101, KU4 and KU25 revealed a correlation between P. donghuensis HYS virulence and the TIR-1/SEK-1/PMK-1 pathways of the innate immune p38 MAPK pathway in C. elegans. In conclusion, these results reveal that the specific virulence gene cluster gtrA/B/II contributes to the unique pathogenicity of HYS compared with other pathogenic Pseudomonas, and that this process also involves C. elegans innate immunity. These findings significantly increase the available information about GtrA/GtrB/GtrII-based virulence mechanisms in the genus Pseudomonas.
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İnat G, Sırıken B, Başkan C, Erol İ, Yıldırım T, Çiftci A. Quorum sensing systems and related virulence factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from chicken meat and ground beef. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15639. [PMID: 34341384 PMCID: PMC8329004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94906-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate 50 [chicken meat (n = 45) and ground beef (n = 5)] Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates to determine the expression of the lasI and rhl QS systems, related virulence factors, and the presence of N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (AHL: 3-O-C12-HSL). For the isolation and identification of P. aeruginosa, conventional culture and oprL gene-based molecular techniques were used. In relation to QS systems, eight genes consisting of four intact and four internal (lasI/R, rhlI/R) genes were analyzed with PCR assay. The two QS systems genes in P. aeruginosa isolates from ground beef (80.00%) and chicken meat (76.00%) were present at quite high levels. The 3-O-C12-HSL was detected in 14.00% of the isolates. Both biofilm formation and motility were detected in 98.00% of the isolates. Protease activity was determined in 54.00% of the isolates. Pyocyanin production was detected in 48.00% of the isolates. The las system scores strongly and positively correlated with the rhl system (p ˂ .01). PYA moderately and positively correlated with protease (p ˂ .05). In addition, there was statistically significance between lasI and protease activity (p < .10), and rhlI and twitching motility (p < .10). In conclusion, the high number of isolates having QS systems and related virulence factors are critical for public health. Pyocyanin, protease, and biofilm formation can cause spoilage and play essential role in food spoilage and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan İnat
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Belgin Sırıken
- Department of Aquatic Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Ceren Başkan
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Sabuncuoğlu Şerefeddin Health Services Vocational School, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - İrfan Erol
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Gazimagusa TRNC Via Mersin, Turkey
| | - Tuba Yıldırım
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Alper Çiftci
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Hollmann B, Perkins M, Chauhan VM, Aylott JW, Hardie KR. Fluorescent nanosensors reveal dynamic pH gradients during biofilm formation. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:50. [PMID: 34140515 PMCID: PMC8211749 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00221-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the dynamic environmental microniches of biofilms will permit us to detect, manage and exploit these communities. The components and architecture of biofilms have been interrogated in depth; however, little is known about the environmental microniches present. This is primarily because of the absence of tools with the required measurement sensitivity and resolution to detect these changes. We describe the application of ratiometric fluorescent pH-sensitive nanosensors, as a tool, to observe physiological pH changes in biofilms in real time. Nanosensors comprised two pH-sensitive fluorophores covalently encapsulated with a reference pH-insensitive fluorophore in an inert polyacrylamide nanoparticle matrix. The nanosensors were used to analyse the real-time three-dimensional pH variation for two model biofilm formers: (i) opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (ii) oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans. The detection of sugar metabolism in real time by nanosensors provides a potential application to identify therapeutic solutions to improve oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Hollmann
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Perkins
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Veeren M Chauhan
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan W Aylott
- Advanced Materials & Healthcare Technologies, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kim R Hardie
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Bhardwaj S, Bhatia S, Singh S, Franco Jr F. Growing emergence of drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and attenuation of its virulence using quorum sensing inhibitors: A critical review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 24:699-719. [PMID: 34630947 PMCID: PMC8487598 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.49151.11254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A perilous increase in the number of bacterial infections has led to developing throngs of antibiotics for increasing the quality and expectancy of life. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is becoming resistant to all known conventional antimicrobial agents thereby posing a deadly threat to the human population. Nowadays, targeting virulence traits of infectious agents is an alternative approach to antimicrobials that is gaining much popularity to fight antimicrobial resistance. Quorum sensing (QS) involves interspecies communication via a chemical signaling pathway. Under this mechanism, cells work in a concerted manner, communicate with each other with the help of signaling molecules called auto-inducers (AI). The virulence of these strains is driven by genes, whose expression is regulated by AI, which in turn acts as transcriptional activators. Moreover, the problem of antibiotic-resistance in case of infections caused by P. aeruginosa becomes more alarming among immune-compromised patients, where the infectious agents easily take over the cellular machinery of the host while hidden in the QS mediated biofilms. Inhibition of the QS circuit of P. aeruginosa by targeting various signaling pathways such as LasR, RhlR, Pqs, and QScR transcriptional proteins will help in blocking downstream signal transducers which could result in reducing the bacterial virulence. The anti-virulence agent does not pose an immediate selective pressure on growing bacterium and thus reduces the pathogenicity without harming the target species. Here, we review exclusively, the growing emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa and the critical literature survey of QS inhibitors with their potential application of blocking P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SHALOM Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sonam Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, SHALOM Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences (SHUATS), Naini, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shaminder Singh
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, 3rd Milestone, Faridabad-Gurugram Expressway, Faridabad - 121 001, Haryana, India
| | - Francisco Franco Jr
- Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, Manila, Metro Manila, Philippines
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40
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Zhang D, Wang F, Yu Y, Ding S, Chen T, Sun W, Liang C, Yu B, Ying H, Liu D, Chen Y. Effect of quorum-sensing molecule 2-phenylethanol and ARO genes on Saccharomyces cerevisiae biofilm. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:3635-3648. [PMID: 33852023 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11280-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are a form of microbial community that can be beneficial for industrial fermentation because of their remarkable environmental resistance. However, the mechanism of biofilm formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae remains to be fully explored, and this may enable improved industrial applications for this organism. Although quorum-sensing (QS) molecules are known to be involved in bacteria biofilm formation, few studies have been undertaken with these in fungi. 2-phenylethanol (2-PE) is considered a QS molecule in S. cerevisiae. Here, we found that exogenous 2-PE could stimulate biofilm formation at low cell concentrations. ARO8p and ARO9p are responsible for the synthesis of 2-PE and were crucial to the formation of biofilm. Deletion of the ARO8 and ARO9 genes reduced the content of 2-PE in the early stage of fermentation, reduced ethanol yield and decreased biofilm formation. The expression of FLOp, which is involved in cell adhesion, and the content of extracellular polysaccharides of mutant strains ΔARO8 and ΔARO9 were also significantly reduced. These findings indicate that the production of 2-PE had a positive effect on biofilm formation in S. cerevisiae, thereby providing further key details for studying the formation of biofilm mechanism in the future. KEY POINTS: • Quorum-sensing molecule 2-PE positively affects biofilm formation in S. cerevisiae. • 2-PE synthetic genes ARO8 and ARO9 deletion reduced extracellular polysaccharide. • ARO8 and ARO9 deletion reduced the gene expression of the FLO family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deli Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangjuan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sai Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianpeng Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caice Liang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanjie Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Dong Liu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China. .,School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Yong Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.
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Prevalence of the Genes Associated with Biofilm and Toxins Synthesis amongst the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030241. [PMID: 33670887 PMCID: PMC7997207 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens, with an increasing isolation frequency in nosocomial outbreaks. The hypothesis tested was whether carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains display an altered carriage of the virulence factor genes, depending on the type of carbapenem resistance. The aim of the study was to investigate, by PCR, the frequency of 10 chosen virulence factors genes (phzM, phzS, exoT, exoY, exoU, toxA, exoS, algD, pilA and pilB) and the genotype distribution in 107 non-duplicated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. P. aeruginosa genes involved in phenazine dyes and exoenzyme T synthesis were noted with the highest frequency (100%). Fimbriae-encoding genes were detected with the lowest incidence: 15.9% and 4.7% for pilin A and B, respectively. The differences observed between the exoS gene prevalence amongst the carbapenemase-positive and the carbapenemase-negative strains and the pilA gene prevalence amongst the strains of different origins were statistically significant. Virulence genes’ prevalence and the genotype distribution vary amongst P. aeruginosa strains resistant to carbapenems, especially in terms of their carbapenemase synthesis ability and the strain origin.
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Shang D, Han X, Du W, Kou Z, Jiang F. Trp-Containing Antibacterial Peptides Impair Quorum Sensing and Biofilm Development in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Exhibit Synergistic Effects With Antibiotics. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:611009. [PMID: 33643239 PMCID: PMC7906020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.611009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses quorum sensing (QS) to control virulence, biofilm formation and antibiotic efflux pump expression. The development of effective small molecules targeting the QS system and biofilm formation represents a novel attractive strategy. In this present study, the effects of a series of Trp-containing peptides on the QS-regulated virulence and biofilm development of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa, as well as their synergistic antibacterial activity with three classes of traditional chemical antibiotics were investigated. The results showed that Trp-containing peptides at low concentrations reduced the production of QS-regulated virulence factors by downregulating the gene expression of both the las and rhl systems in the strain MRPA0108. Biofilm formation was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner, which was associated with extracellular polysaccharide production inhibition by downregulating pelA, algD, and pslA transcription. These changes correlated with alterations in the extracellular production of pseudomonal virulence factors and swarming motility. In addition, the combination of Trp-containing peptides at low concentration with the antibiotics ceftazidime and piperacillin provided synergistic effects. Notably, L11W and L12W showed the highest synergy with ceftazidime and piperacillin. A mechanistic study demonstrated that the Trp-containing peptides, especially L12W, significantly decreased β-lactamase activity and expression of efflux pump genes OprM, MexX, and MexA, resulting in a reduction in antibiotic efflux from MRPA0108 cells and thus increasing the antibacterial activity of these antibiotics against MRPA0108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejing Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xue Han
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Wanying Du
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiru Kou
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Fengquan Jiang
- Clinical Laboratory Department of the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Chowdhury N, Bagchi A. Elucidation of the hetero-dimeric binding activity of LasR and RhlR proteins with the promoter DNA and the role of a specific Phe residue during the biosynthesis of HCN synthase from opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Mol Model 2021; 27:76. [PMID: 33555486 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic human pathogen. It causes secondary infections in patients suffering from cancer and other immunological disorders. The pathogenicity of the organism is dependent on the ability of the organism to code for hydrogen cyanide (HCN), the synthesis of which is mediated by HCN synthase enzyme. HCN synthase is encoded by hcnABC operon. The transcription of the operon is controlled by a complex interplay between the proteins LasR and RhlR. Till date, there is no report that deals with the binding interactions of the RhlR-LasR heterodimer with the promoter DNA region of the hcnABC operon. We, for the first time, tried to analyse the binding modes of the RhlR-LasR heterodimer with the promoter DNA regions. From our work, we could predict the importance of a specific amino acid residue Phe214 from RhlR which might be considered to have the desired specificity to bind to the promoter DNA. Therefore, the amino acid Phe214 may be targeted to develop suitable ligands to eradicate the spread of secondary infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilkanta Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Angshuman Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India.
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44
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Tian F, Li J, Nazir A, Tong Y. Bacteriophage - A Promising Alternative Measure for Bacterial Biofilm Control. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:205-217. [PMID: 33505163 PMCID: PMC7829120 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s290093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms can enhance bacteria's viability by providing resistance against antibiotics and conventional disinfectants. The existence of biofilm is a serious threat to human health, causing incalculable loss. Therefore, new strategies to deal with bacterial biofilms are needed. Bacteriophages are unique due to their activity on bacteria and do not pose a threat to humans. Consequently, they are considered safe alternatives to drugs for the treatment of bacterial diseases. They can effectively obliterate bacterial biofilms and have great potential in medical treatment, the food industry, and pollution control. There are intricate mechanisms of interaction between phages and biofilms. Biofilms may prevent the invasion of phages, and phages can kill bacteria for biofilm control purposes or influence the formation of biofilms. At present, there are various measures for the prevention and control of biofilms through phages, including the combined use of drugs and the application of phage cocktails. This article mainly reviews the function and formation process of bacterial biofilms, summarizes the different mechanisms between phages and biofilms, briefly explains the phage usage for the control of bacterial biofilms, and promotes phage application maintenance human health and the protection of the natural environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Tian
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Amina Nazir
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yigang Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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45
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Quorum sensing systems, related virulence factors, and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from fish. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1519-1528. [PMID: 33398400 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, two quorum sensing (QS) system genes, las and rhI; N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (AHL; 3-O-C12-HSL); and QS-related virulence factors and correlation between them were assessed in 30 fish origin P. aeruginosa isolates. The detection of two QS system of the isolates, and eight gene regions consisting of four intact (lasI/R, rhlI/R) and four internal (lasI/R, rhlI/R) genes were tested by PCR assay. According to findings, las and rhI QS system genes were detected in 27 and 30 isolates, respectively, while 3-O-C12-HSL was determined in 13 isolates. A total of 22, 27, and 18 isolates were capable of pyocyanin production, protease, and elastase activity, respectively. Biofilm formation was detected using three methods in all 30 isolates: 12 by Congo red agar, 14 by microtiter plate, and 29 by tube test. Twitching and swarming motility types were detected in 30, but the swimming motility was determined in 25 isolates. The rhI QS system genes detected in all of the isolates having three types including motility, PYA production, and protease and elastase activities. The las QS system genes were detected in 27 of the motility, 17 of PYA production, 25 of protease, and 16 of elastase activity having isolates. In conclusion, the high number of P. aeruginosa isolates from fish tested have two QS systems and related virulence factors. There was also correlation between them.
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Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains-Distribution of the Essential Enzymatic Virulence Factors Genes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 10:antibiotics10010008. [PMID: 33374121 PMCID: PMC7823804 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most commonly isolated bacteria from clinical specimens, with increasing isolation frequency in nosocomial infections. Herein, we investigated whether antimicrobial-resistant P. aeruginosa strains, e.g., metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL)-producing isolates, may possess a reduced number of virulence genes, resulting from appropriate genome management to adapt to a changing hospital environment. Hospital conditions, such as selective pressure, may lead to the replacement of virulence genes by antimicrobial resistance genes that are crucial to survive under current conditions. The study aimed to compare, using PCR, the frequency of the chosen enzymatic virulence factor genes (alkaline protease-aprA, elastase B-lasB, neuraminidases-nan1 and nan2, and both variants of phospholipase C-plcH and plcN) to MBL distribution among 107 non-duplicated carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates. The gene encoding alkaline protease was noted with the highest frequency (100%), while the neuraminidase-1 gene was observed in 37.4% of the examined strains. The difference in lasB and nan1 prevalence amongst the MBL-positive and MBL-negative strains, was statistically significant. Although P. aeruginosa virulence is generally more likely determined by the complex regulation of the virulence gene expression, herein, we found differences in the prevalence of various virulence genes in MBL-producers.
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Local and Systemic Alterations of the L-Arginine/Nitric Oxide Pathway in Sputum, Blood, and Urine of Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients and Effects of Antibiotic Treatment. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9123802. [PMID: 33255369 PMCID: PMC7761143 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9123802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway have been reported in cystic fibrosis (CF; OMIM 219700) as the result of various factors including systemic and local inflammatory activity in the airways. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the Arg/NO metabolism in pediatric CF patients with special emphasis on lung impairment and antibiotic treatment. Seventy CF patients and 78 healthy controls were included in the study. CF patients (43% male, median age 11.8 years) showed moderately impaired lung functions (FEV1 90.5 ± 19.1% (mean ± SD); 21 (30%) had a chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PSA) infection, and 24 (33%) had an acute exacerbation). Plasma, urinary, and sputum concentrations of the main Arg/NO metabolites, nitrate, nitrite, Arg, homoarginine (hArg), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were determined in pediatric CF patients and in healthy age-matched controls. Clinical parameters in CF patients included lung function and infection with PSA. Additionally, the Arg/NO pathway in sputum samples of five CF patients was analyzed before and after routine antibiotic therapy. CF patients with low fractionally exhaled NO (FENO) showed lower plasma Arg and nitrate concentrations. During acute exacerbation, sputum Arg and hArg levels were high and dropped after antibiotic treatment: Arg: pre-antibiotics: 4.14 nmol/25 mg sputum vs. post-antibiotics: 2.33 nmol/25 mg sputum, p = 0.008; hArg: pre-antibiotics: 0.042 nmol/25 mg sputum vs. post-antibiotics: 0.029 nmol/25 mg sputum, p = 0.035. The activated Arg/NO metabolism in stable CF patients may be a result of chronic inflammation. PSA infection did not play a major role regarding these differences. Exacerbation increased and antibiotic therapy decreased sputum Arg concentrations.
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Olive Leaf Extract Modulates Quorum Sensing Genes and Biofilm Formation in Multi-Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090526. [PMID: 32824901 PMCID: PMC7560099 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm acts as a complex barrier against antibiotics. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activities of Olea europaea (olive) leaves Camellia sinensis (green tea), Styrax benzoin, Ocimum basilicum, Humulus lupulus, Ruta graveolens, and Propolis extracts on the biofilm formation, pyocyanin production, and twitching motility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. Moreover, we investigated the effect of olive leaf extract on the transcription of some biofilm related genes. A total of 204 isolates of Pseudomonas were collected from different Egyptian hospitals. A susceptibility test, carried out using the disc diffusion method, revealed that 49% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant. More than 90% of the isolates were biofilm-forming, of which 26% were strong biofilm producers. At subinhibitory concentrations, green tea and olive leaf extracts had the highest biofilm inhibitory effects with 84.8% and 82.2%, respectively. The expression levels of lasI, lasR, rhlI, and rhlR treated with these extracts were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) by around 97-99% compared to untreated isolates. This study suggests the ability of olive leaf extract to reduce the biofilm formation and virulence factor production of P. aeruginosa through the down regulation of quorum sensing (QS) genes. This may help in reducing our dependence on antibiotics and to handle biofilm-related infections of opportunistic pathogens more efficiently.
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Vyas HKN, Proctor EJ, McArthur J, Gorman J, Sanderson-Smith M. Current Understanding of Group A Streptococcal Biofilms. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:982-993. [PMID: 30947646 PMCID: PMC6700754 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666190405095712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: It has been proposed that GAS may form biofilms. Biofilms are microbial communities that aggregate on a surface, and exist within a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. Biofilms offer bacteria an increased survival advantage, in which bacteria persist, and resist host immunity and antimicrobial treatment. The biofilm phenotype has long been recognized as a virulence mechanism for many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, however very little is known about the role of biofilms in GAS pathogenesis. Objective: This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of biofilms in GAS pathogenesis. This review assesses the evidence of GAS biofilm formation, the role of GAS virulence factors in GAS biofilm formation, modelling GAS biofilms, and discusses the polymicrobial nature of biofilms in the oropharynx in relation to GAS. Conclusion: Further study is needed to improve the current understanding of GAS as both a mono-species biofilm, and as a member of a polymicrobial biofilm. Improved modelling of GAS biofilm formation in settings closely mimicking in vivo conditions will ensure that biofilms generated in the lab closely reflect those occurring during clinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heema K N Vyas
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emma-Jayne Proctor
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jason McArthur
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Jody Gorman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Martina Sanderson-Smith
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, and Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
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El-Deeb NM, Abo-Eleneen MA, Al-Madboly LA, Sharaf MM, Othman SS, Ibrahim OM, Mubarak MS. Biogenically Synthesized Polysaccharides-Capped Silver Nanoparticles: Immunomodulatory and Antibacterial Potentialities Against Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:643. [PMID: 32793561 PMCID: PMC7391905 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections are the key cause of death in patients suffering from burns and diabetic wounds while the use of traditional antibiotics has been growing steadily. Thus, in the present study, we are trying to introduce a paradigm shift strategy to improve chronic wound healing of bacterial infection. To that end, we have biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Arthrospira sp polysaccharides, and evaluated their antibacterial efficacy with their safety pattern. Scanning electron micrographs showed spherical AgNPs coated with algal polysaccharides with an approximate size of 9.7 nm. Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the AgNPs (0.5–1 μg/mL) resulted in a significant disruption in P. aeruginosa outer membrane, reduction in biofilm formation, and a significant decrease of production of alginate and pyocyanin along with a concentration-dependent reduction in β-lactamase activity. In addition, at the in vivo level, AgNPs displayed substantial activity to control P. aeruginosa infections in rat skin wounds with significant reduction in in COX-2 enzyme in both rat skin homogenate and serum samples. Furthermore, AgNPs facilitated wound curative in the P. aeruginosa infected model by reducing the hemorrhagic areas number and the infiltrated inflammatory cells. Taken all together, these biogenic nanoparticles showed unique properties in controlling bacterial wound infections and improving the healing process of damaged tissues via its direct and indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehal M El-Deeb
- Biopharmacetical Products Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Biology and Biotechnology Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Mai A Abo-Eleneen
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mona M Sharaf
- Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sarah S Othman
- Pharmaceutical Bioproducts Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omar M Ibrahim
- Department of Medicine and Translational Research, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
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