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Oliveira JAC, Fernandes LA, Figueiredo KG, Corrêa EJA, Lima LHF, Alves DS, Bertolucci SKV, Carvalho GA. Effects of Essential Oils on Biological Characteristics and Potential Molecular Targets in Spodoptera frugiperda. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1801. [PMID: 38999641 PMCID: PMC11244083 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda control methods have proved to be inefficient, which justifies the search for new control measures. In this search for botanical insecticides for controlling S. frugiperda, the following were evaluated: (i) the toxicity of essential oils (EOs) from Cinnamodendron dinisii, Eugenia uniflora, and Melaleuca armillaris; (ii) the effect of EOs on life table parameters against S. frugiperda; (iii) the chemical characterization of EOs; and (iv) the in silico interaction of the chemical constituents present in the three EOs with the molecular targets of S. frugiperda. The EO from E. uniflora had the lowest LD50 (1.19 µg of EO/caterpillar). The major compounds bicyclogermacrene (18.64%) in C. dinisii and terpinolene (57.75%) in M. armillaris are highly predicted to interact with the octopamine receptor (OctpR). The compound 1,8-cineole (21.81%) in M. armillaris interacts mainly with a tolerant methoprene receptor (MET) and curzerene (41.22%) in E. uniflora, which acts on the OctpR receptor. Minor compounds, such as nerolidol in C. dinisii and β-elemene in E. uniflora, are highly ranked for multiple targets: AChE, MET, OctpR, and 5-HT1. It was concluded that the EO from E. uniflora negatively affects several biological parameters of S. frugiperda development and is promising as an active ingredient in formulations for controlling this insect pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia A. C. Oliveira
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil; (J.A.C.O.); (L.A.F.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Letícia A. Fernandes
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil; (J.A.C.O.); (L.A.F.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | | | - Eduardo J. A. Corrêa
- Minas Gerais Agricultural Research Company (EPAMIG), Pitangui 352650-000, Brazil;
| | - Leonardo H. F. Lima
- Exact and Biological Science Department, Federal University of São João del Rei, Sete Lagoas Campus, Sete Lagoas 35701-970, Brazil;
| | - Dejane S. Alves
- Agronomy Course Coordination, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Santa Helena 85892-000, Brazil;
| | - Suzan K. V. Bertolucci
- Department of Agriculture, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil; (J.A.C.O.); (L.A.F.); (S.K.V.B.)
| | - Geraldo A. Carvalho
- Departament of Entomology, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37203-202, Brazil;
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Kotsyuba E, Dyachuk V. Role of the Neuroendocrine System of Marine Bivalves in Their Response to Hypoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021202. [PMID: 36674710 PMCID: PMC9865615 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mollusks comprise one of the largest phylum of marine invertebrates. With their great diversity of species, various degrees of mobility, and specific behavioral strategies, they haveoccupied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats and play key roles in many ecosystems. This success is explained by their exceptional ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental stresses, such as hypoxia. Most marine bivalvemollusksare exposed to frequent short-term variations in oxygen levels in their marine or estuarine habitats. This stressfactor has caused them to develop a wide variety of adaptive strategies during their evolution, enabling to mobilize rapidly a set of behavioral, physiological, biochemical, and molecular defenses that re-establishing oxygen homeostasis. The neuroendocrine system and its related signaling systems play crucial roles in the regulation of various physiological and behavioral processes in mollusks and, hence, can affect hypoxiatolerance. Little effort has been made to identify the neurotransmitters and genes involved in oxygen homeostasis regulation, and the molecular basis of the differences in the regulatory mechanisms of hypoxia resistance in hypoxia-tolerant and hypoxia-sensitive bivalve species. Here, we summarize current knowledge about the involvement of the neuroendocrine system in the hypoxia stress response, and the possible contributions of various signaling molecules to this process. We thusprovide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic stress in bivalves, also making comparisons with data from related studies on other species.
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Starunova ZI, Shunkina KV, Novikova EL, Starunov VV. Histamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the nervous system of Pygospio elegans (Annelida: Spionidae): structure and recovery during reparative regeneration. BMC ZOOL 2022; 7:58. [PMID: 37170300 PMCID: PMC10127018 DOI: 10.1186/s40850-022-00160-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent two decades, studies of the annelid nervous systems were revolutionized by modern cell labeling techniques and state-of-the-art microscopy techniques. However, there are still huge gaps in our knowledge on the organization and functioning of their nervous system. Most of the recent studies have focused on the distribution of serotonin and FMRFamide, while the data about many other basic neurotransmitters such as histamine (HA) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are scarce.
Results
Using immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy we studied the distribution of histamine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in the nervous system of a spionid annelid Pygospio elegans and traced their redevelopment during reparative regeneration. Both neurotransmitters show specific patterns in central and peripheral nervous systems. HA-positive cells are concentrated mostly in the brain, while GABA-positive cell somata contribute equally to brain and segmental ganglia. Some immunoreactive elements were found in peripheral nerves. Both substances were revealed in high numbers in bipolar sensory cells in the palps. The first signs of regenerating HAergic and GABAergic systems were detected only by 3 days after the amputation. Further redevelopment of GABAergic system proceeds faster than that of HAergic one.
Conclusions
Comparisons with other annelids and mollusks examined in this respect revealed a number of general similarities in distribution patterns of HAergic and GABAergic cells in different species. Overall, the differences in the full redevelopment of various neurotransmitters correlate with neuronal development during embryogenesis. Our results highlight the importance of investigating the distribution of different neurotransmitters in comparative morphological and developmental studies.
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Deshpande SA, Rohrbach EW, Asuncion JD, Harrigan J, Eamani A, Schlingmann EH, Suto DJ, Lee PT, Schweizer FE, Bellen HJ, Krantz DE. Regulation of Drosophila oviduct muscle contractility by octopamine. iScience 2022; 25:104697. [PMID: 35880044 PMCID: PMC9307614 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopamine is essential for egg-laying in Drosophila melanogaster, but the neuronal pathways and receptors by which it regulates visceral muscles in the reproductive tract are not known. We find that the two octopamine receptors that have been previously implicated in egg-laying–OAMB and Octβ2R-are expressed in octopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons that project to the reproductive tract, peripheral ppk(+) neurons within the reproductive tract and epithelial cells that line the lumen of the oviducts. Further optogenetic and mutational analyses indicate that octopamine regulates both oviduct contraction and relaxation via Octβ2 and OAMB respectively. Interactions with glutamatergic pathways modify the effects of octopamine. Octopaminergic activation of Octβ2R on glutamatergic processes provides a possible mechanism by which octopamine initiates lateral oviduct contractions. We speculate that aminergic pathways in the oviposition circuit may be comparable to some of the mechanisms that regulate visceral muscle contractility in mammals. The receptors Octβ2 and OAMB mediate oviduct muscle contraction and relaxation The receptors are detectably expressed in neurons and epithelia but not muscle cells The control of visceral muscles in flies and mammals may share common features
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali A. Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ethan W. Rohrbach
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - James D. Asuncion
- Medical Scientist Training Program, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jenna Harrigan
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular Toxicology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Aditya Eamani
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ellery H. Schlingmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Daniel J. Suto
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Pei-Tseng Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Felix E. Schweizer
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David E. Krantz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Gonda (Goldschmied) Neuroscience and Genetics Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Corresponding author
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Shunatova N, Serova K, Denisova S, Shchenkov S, Ostrovsky A. Small, but smart: Fine structure of an avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata). J Morphol 2021; 283:174-206. [PMID: 34897770 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Bryozoans are small benthic suspension-feeding colonial animals. Among this phylum, there are representatives showing a lesser or greater degree of polymorphism, and the most common type of polymorphic zooids is the avicularium. Here we present a detailed description of the bird's-head shaped avicularium in Dendrobeania fruticosa. The body cavity of the avicularium demonstrates an acoelomate condition: along the cystid walls, there is neither the layer of extracellular matrix toward the epidermis, nor coelomic lining. However, a layer of extracellular matrix and epithelialized cells lie under the epidermis of the tentacle sheath. Probably, such construction helps the tentacle sheath to acquire some rigidity-it is the only region of the body wall without an ectocyst. We did not find typical funicular strands in the avicularium, but there is a delicate mesh composed of stellate cells with thin and long projections, which sometimes isolate the spaces filled with a heterogeneous matrix. The proximal ends of the adductors, abductors, and polypide retractors are attached to the body wall via typical epidermal tendon cells, which possess numerous bundles of tonofilaments. The distal ends of the abductors and adductors attach to the frontal membrane or upper vestibular membrane, respectively. The inner organic layer of the ectocyst in these regions forms large protrusions, from which numerous thin outgrowths branch off. We suggest them to be a functional analogue of apodemes and apodemal filaments in arthropods. "Apodemal" tendon cells have long and thin projections that line the outgrowths of the ectocyst and surround the distal ends of the muscle cells. At these sites, "apodemal" tendon cells possess numerous tonofilaments. The vestigial polypide includes the tentacle sheath, rudimentary lophophore, cerebral ganglion, and polypide retractors. The sensory part of 5HT-positive cells of the frontal membrane is dendrite-shaped and embedded in the inner organic layer of the ectocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Shunatova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ksenia Serova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Laboratory of Evolutionary Morphology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofia Denisova
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergei Shchenkov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrew Ostrovsky
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Geozentrum, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Oyarzabal-Armendariz E, Alquicira-Mireles J, Zúñiga-Ruíz B, Arreola-Ramírez JL, Guevara-Fefer P, Lara-Figueroa CO, Escamilla-Chimal EG. Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) on the serotonin rhythm of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:201-211. [PMID: 33397171 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2020.1858849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are an adaptive response of organisms to the environment that enables them to measure time. Circadian rhythms are some of the most studied biological rhythms. Serotonin (5HT) has been proposed as their modulator of circadian rhythms, playing a pivotal role in their establishment. However, 5HT concentrations are altered in insect organisms when they feed on some plant extracts. Insects show a variety of rhythms. The larval stage of the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest of economically important crops. As a response, plants have developed secondary metabolites, such as azadirachtin, obtained from Azadirachta indica. We assessed the circadian rhythm of 5HT in the brain and digestive tube of larvae of S. frugiperda; furthermore, the effect of A. indica extract on the oscillations was evaluated. 5HT modulates the rhythms of locomotor activity, and if extracts of A. indica alter the concentration of 5HT, it can indirectly alter the rhythms of locomotor activity, as well as peristaltic movements of the intestine. Larvae were exposed to a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) photoperiod, and half of them remained for 72 h under constant darkness (DD). Tissue samples were obtained at six different times during a single 24 h period, and the amount of 5HT was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Data were statistically compared by a one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey post hoc test and subjected to Cosinor analysis for assessment of 24 h rhythmicity. The results showed that the A. indica methanolic extract had an effect on the 5HT concentration of the brain and digestive tube of the larvae. In the brain, the 5HT increase in larvae fed with the extract could alter memory, learning, sleep, and locomotor activity processes. Whereas in the intestine, the 5HT decrease in the larvae fed with the extract could decrease peristalsis movements and, therefore, indirectly influence the antifeedant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Oyarzabal-Armendariz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesús Alquicira-Mireles
- Departamento de Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Zúñiga-Ruíz
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Arreola-Ramírez
- Departamento de Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Guevara-Fefer
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Oliver Lara-Figueroa
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elsa G Escamilla-Chimal
- Departamento de Ecología y Recursos Naturales, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México , Mexico City, Mexico
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Gorberg V, McCaffery P, Anavi-Goffer S. Different responses of repetitive behaviours in juvenile and young adult mice to Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol may affect decision making for Tourette syndrome. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:614-625. [PMID: 33125731 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Medicinal cannabis is in increasing use by patients with Tourette syndrome, a neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about 1% of the general population and has a childhood onset. However, the pharmacological effects of Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 -THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have not been systematically screened or compared between juvenile and young adult rodents in a model of Tourette syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The administration of 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) increases head twitch response (HTR) and ear scratch response (ESR) and has been proposed as an animal model useful to respectively study motor tics and premonitory urges associated with tic disorders. KEY RESULTS Comparing the potency of Δ9 -THC to inhibit DOI-induced repetitive behaviours, the rank order was ESR > grooming > HTR versus ESR = grooming > HTR in young adult versus juvenile mice. Δ9 -THC (5 mg·kg-1 ) induced severe adverse effects in the form of cataleptic behaviour in control mice and significantly increased ESR in juveniles. The pharmacological effects of CBD have not been studied in models of Tourette syndrome. In juveniles, CBD had no effect on DOI-induced ESR and grooming behaviours. CBD alone induced side effects, significantly increasing the frequency of HTR in juveniles and young adults. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Δ9 -THC efficaciously reverses peripheral but not central motor tics. Δ9 -THC may reduce ambulatory movements and evoke premonitory urges in some paediatric patients. The small "therapeutic window" in juveniles suggests that CBD may not effectively treat motor tics in children and may even exacerbate tics in a population of patients with Tourette syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gorberg
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter McCaffery
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Viet Nguyen T, Ryan LW, Nocillado J, Le Groumellec M, Elizur A, Ventura T. Transcriptomic changes across vitellogenesis in the black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon), neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors repertoire curation. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 298:113585. [PMID: 32822704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) is one of the most commercially important prawn species world-wide, yet there are currently key issues that hinder aquaculture of this species, such as low spawning capacity of captive-reared broodstock females and lack of globally available fully domesticated strains. In this study, we analysed the molecular changes that occur from vitellogenesis to spawning of a fully domesticated population of P.monodon (Madagascar) using four tissues [brain and thoracic ganglia (central nervous system - CNS), eyestalks, antennal gland, and ovary] highlighting differentially expressed genes that could be involved in the sexual maturation. In addition, due to their key role in regulating multiple physiological processes including reproduction, transcripts encoding P.monodon neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) were identified and their expression pattern was assessed. A few neuropeptides and their putative GPCRs which were previously implicated in reproduction are discussed. We identified 573 differentially expressed transcripts between previtellogenic and vitellogenic stages, across the four analysed tissues. Multiple transcripts that have been linked to ovarian maturation were highlighted throughout the study, these include vitellogenin, Wnt, heat shock protein 21, heat shock protein 90, teneurin, Fs(1)M3, hemolymph clottable proteins and some other candidates. Seventy neuropeptide transcripts were also characterized from our de novo assembly. In addition, a hybrid approach that involved clustering and phylogenetics analysis was used to annotate all P. monodon GPCRs, revealing 223 Rhodopsin, 100 Secretin and 27 Metabotropic glutamate GPCRs. Given the key commercial significance of P.monodon and the industry requirements for developing better genomic tools to control reproduction in this species, our findings provide a foundation for future gene-based studies, setting the scene for developing innovative tools for reproduction and/or sexual maturation control in P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Viet Nguyen
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia; Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBiosciences, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - Luke W Ryan
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine Nocillado
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Abigail Elizur
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Tomer Ventura
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
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9
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Greenhalgh A, Istas O, Cooper RL. Bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide enhances synaptic transmission at low-output glutamatergic synapses. Neurosci Res 2020; 170:59-65. [PMID: 32987087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS), secreted from gram-negative bacteria, has direct effects on synaptic transmission independent of systemic secondary cytokine responses. High concentration of LPS (500 μg/mL) from Serratia marcescens increased synaptic efficacy at glutamatergic low-output synapses more than for high-output synapses. Over an hour of exposure was not toxic to the preparation and continued to enhance synaptic transmission. A small but significant rapid hyperpolarization of the post-synaptic cells occurred, in addition to a slower enhancement of in the amplitude of evoked excitatory junction potentials. LPS may promote reserve pool vesicles to the readily releasable pool for low-output synapses. The action of LPS at the glutamatergic synapses of the crayfish neuromuscular junction is unique in promoting synaptic transmission as compared to other glutamatergic synapses in Drosophila and mammals, where synaptic transmission is depressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Greenhalgh
- Department of Biology, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Oscar Istas
- Department of Biology, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA
| | - Robin L Cooper
- Department of Biology, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40506-0225, USA.
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10
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Kumar S, Tumu SC, Helm C, Hausen H. The development of early pioneer neurons in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:117. [PMID: 32928118 PMCID: PMC7489019 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse formation. While knowledge of neural patterning in several animal groups is increasing, data on pioneer neurons that create the early axonal scaffold are scarce. Here we studied the first steps of nervous system development in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus. RESULTS We performed a dense expression profiling of a broad set of neural genes. We found that SoxB expression begins at 4 h postfertilization, and shortly later, the neuronal progenitors can be identified at the anterior and the posterior pole by the transient and dynamic expression of proneural genes. At 9 hpf, the first neuronal cells start differentiating, and we provide a detailed description of axonal outgrowth of the pioneer neurons that create the primary neuronal scaffold. Tracing back the clonal origin of the ventral nerve cord pioneer neuron revealed that it is a descendant of the blastomere 2d (2d221), which after 7 cleavages starts expressing Neurogenin, Acheate-Scute and NeuroD. CONCLUSIONS We propose that an anterior and posterior origin of the nervous system is ancestral in annelids. We suggest that closer examination of the first pioneer neurons will be valuable in better understanding of nervous system development in spirally cleaving animals, to determine the potential role of cell-intrinsic properties in neuronal specification and to resolve the evolution of nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sharat Chandra Tumu
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Conrad Helm
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Present Address: Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald Hausen
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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11
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Bernard J, Greenhalgh A, Istas O, Marguerite NT, Cooper RL. The Effect of Bacterial Endotoxin LPS on Serotonergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Synaptic Transmission. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:E210. [PMID: 32781679 PMCID: PMC7463696 DOI: 10.3390/biology9080210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The release of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria is key in the induction of the downstream cytokine release from cells targeting cells throughout the body. However, LPS itself has direct effects on cellular activity and can alter synaptic transmission. Animals experiencing septicemia are generally in a critical state and are often treated with various pharmacological agents. Since antidepressants related to the serotonergic system have been shown to have a positive outcome for septicemic conditions impacting the central nervous system, the actions of serotonin (5-HT) on neurons also exposed to LPS were investigated. At the model glutamatergic synapse of the crayfish neuromuscular junction (NMJ), 5-HT primarily acts through a 5-HT2A receptor subtype to enhance transmission to the motor neurons. LPS from Serratia marcescens also enhances transmission at the crayfish NMJ but by a currently unknown mechanism. LPS at 100 µg/mL had no significant effect on transmission or on altering the response to 5-HT. LPS at 500 µg/mL increased the amplitude of the evoked synaptic excitatory junction potential, and 5-HT in combination with 500 µg/mL LPS continued to promote enhanced transmission. The preparations maintained responsiveness to serotonin in the presence of low or high concentrations of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Robin L. Cooper
- Department of Biology, Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0225, USA; (J.B.); (A.G.); (O.I.); (N.T.M.)
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12
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Regional Phenotypic Differences of the Opener Muscle in Procambarus clarkii: Sarcomere Length, Fiber Diameter, and Force Development. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9060118. [PMID: 32516947 PMCID: PMC7345484 DOI: 10.3390/biology9060118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The opener muscle in the walking legs of the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) has three distinct phenotypic regions although innervated by only one excitatory motor neuron. These regions (distal, central, and proximal) have varied biochemistry and physiology, including synaptic structure, troponin-T levels, fiber diameter, input resistance, sarcomere length, and force generation. The force generated by the central fibers when the excitatory neuron was stimulated at 40 Hz was more than the force generated by the other regions. This increase in force was correlated with the central fibers having longer sarcomeres when measured in a relaxed claw. These data support the idea that the central fibers are tonic-like and that the proximal fibers are phasic-like. The addition of serotonin directly on the fibers was hypothesized to increase the force generated by the central fibers more than in the other regions, but this did not occur at 40-Hz stimulation. We hypothesized that the central distal fibers would generate the most force due to the arrangement on the apodeme. This study demonstrates how malleable the motor unit is with modulation and frequency of stimulation.
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13
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Caputo DR, Robson SC, Werner I, Ford AT. Complete transcriptome assembly and annotation of a critically important amphipod species in freshwater ecotoxicological risk assessment: Gammarus fossarum. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 137:105319. [PMID: 32028177 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of their crucial role in ecotoxicological risk assessment, amphipods (Crustacea) are commonly employed as model species in a wide range of studies. However, despite their ecological importance, their genome has not yet been completely annotated and molecular mechanisms underlying key pathways, such as the serotonin pathway, in development of ecotoxicological biomarkers of exposure to neuroactive pharmaceuticals are still poorly understood. Furthermore, genetic similarities and discrepancies with other model arthropods (e.g., Drosophila melanogaster) have not been completely clarified. In this report, we present a new transcriptome assembly of Gammarus fossarum, an important amphipod species, widespread in Central Europe. RNA-Seq with Illumina HiSeq technology was used to analyse samples extracted from total internal tissues. We used the Trinity and Trinotate software suites for transcriptome assembly and annotation, respectively. The quality of this assembly and the affiliated targeted homology searches greatly enrich the molecular knowledge on this species. Because of the lack of publicly available molecular information on the serotonin pathway, we also highlighted sequence homologies and divergences of the genes encoding the serotonin pathway components of the well-annotated arthropod D. melanogaster, and Crustacea with the corresponding genes of our assembly. An inferior number of hits was found when running a BLAST analysis of both D. melanogaster and Crustacea mRNA sequences encoding serotonin receptors available in GenBank against the total assembly, compared to other serotonin pathway components. A lack of information on important components for serotonin biosynthesis and vesicle endocytosis (i.e., tryptophan hydroxylase and vesicular monoamine transporter) in Crustacea was also brought to light. Our results will provide an extensive transcriptional resource for this important species in ecotoxicological risk assessment and highlight the need for a more detailed categorization of neuronal pathways components in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico R Caputo
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Samuel C Robson
- Centre for Enzyme Innovation, St. Michael's Building, University of Portsmouth, White Swan Road, Portsmouth PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Inge Werner
- Swiss Centre for Applied Ecotoxicology, Eawag - EPFL, Überlandstrasse 133, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK.
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14
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Bacqué-Cazenave J, Bharatiya R, Barrière G, Delbecque JP, Bouguiyoud N, Di Giovanni G, Cattaert D, De Deurwaerdère P. Serotonin in Animal Cognition and Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051649. [PMID: 32121267 PMCID: PMC7084567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is acknowledged as a major neuromodulator of nervous systems in both invertebrates and vertebrates. It has been proposed for several decades that it impacts animal cognition and behavior. In spite of a completely distinct organization of the 5-HT systems across the animal kingdom, several lines of evidence suggest that the influences of 5-HT on behavior and cognition are evolutionary conserved. In this review, we have selected some behaviors classically evoked when addressing the roles of 5-HT on nervous system functions. In particular, we focus on the motor activity, arousal, sleep and circadian rhythm, feeding, social interactions and aggressiveness, anxiety, mood, learning and memory, or impulsive/compulsive dimension and behavioral flexibility. The roles of 5-HT, illustrated in both invertebrates and vertebrates, show that it is more able to potentiate or mitigate the neuronal responses necessary for the fine-tuning of most behaviors, rather than to trigger or halt a specific behavior. 5-HT is, therefore, the prototypical neuromodulator fundamentally involved in the adaptation of all organisms across the animal kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Bacqué-Cazenave
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Rahul Bharatiya
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, 09100 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Grégory Barrière
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Jean-Paul Delbecque
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Nouhaila Bouguiyoud
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- School of Biosciences, Neuroscience Division, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Daniel Cattaert
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (P.D.D.)
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- INCIA, UMR5287, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 33076 Bordeaux, France; (J.B.-C.); (R.B.); (G.B.); (J.-P.D.); (N.B.)
- Correspondence: (D.C.); (P.D.D.)
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15
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Nakeim J, Kornthong N, Saetan J, Duangprom S, Sobhon P, Sretarugsa P. Presence of serotonin and its receptor in the central nervous system and ovary and molecular cloning of the novel crab serotonin receptor of the blue swimming crab, Portunus pelagicus. Acta Histochem 2020; 122:151457. [PMID: 31708231 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.151457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) plays pivotal roles in many physiological processes including reproduction of crustaceans, which are mediated 5-HT receptors. The distributions of 5-HT and its receptor have never been explored in Portunus pelagicus. To validate the targets which indirectly indicate the roles of 5-HT in this crab, we have investigated the distribution of 5-HT in the central nervous system (CNS) and ovary using immunohistochemistry and tissue expression of its receptor by RT-PCR. In the brain, 5-HT immunoreactivity (-ir) was detected in clusters 6, 7, 8, 11, 14, 15 and the fibers. In the ventral nerve cord (VNC), 5-HT-ir was detected in pairs of neurons and the fibers connected to the neurons. In the ovary, 5-HT-ir was intense in the oocyte step 1 (Oc1) and Oc2, and its intensity was slightly decreased in Oc3 and Oc4. The 5-HT receptor was molecularly characterized to be type 7, and it was strongly expressed in the eyestalk, brain, VNC, mature ovary and muscle. Due to the presence of 5-HT receptor we suggest that 5-HT acts primarily at the CNS and ovary, thus implicating its role in reproduction especially in the development of oocytes though its exact function in this crab needed to be explored further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirasuda Nakeim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Napamanee Kornthong
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand.
| | - Jirawat Saetan
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Supawadee Duangprom
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani 12121, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapee Sretarugsa
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Kerbl A, Winther Tolstrup E, Worsaae K. Nerves innervating copulatory organs show common FMRFamide, FVRIamide, MIP and serotonin immunoreactivity patterns across Dinophilidae (Annelida) indicating their conserved role in copulatory behaviour. BMC ZOOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40850-019-0045-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Males of the microscopic annelid family Dinophilidae use their prominent glandomuscular copulatory organ (penis) to enzymatically dissolve the female’s epidermis and thereafter inject sperm. In order to test for putative conserved copulatory structures and neural orchestration across three dinophilid species, we reconstructed the reproductive myo- and neuroanatomy and mapped immunoreactivity patterns against two specific neurotransmitter markers with reported roles in invertebrate male mating behaviour (FVRIamide, MIP) and three general neural markers (acetylated α-tubulin, serotonin, FMRFamide).
Results
Seminal vesicles (one or two pairs), surrounded by a thin layer of longitudinal and circular muscles and innervated by neurites, are found between testes and copulatory organ in the larger males of Dinophilus vorticoides and Trilobodrilus axi, but are missing in the only 0.05 mm long D. gyrociliatus dwarf males. The midventral copulatory organ is in all species composed of an outer muscular penis sheath and an inner penis cone. Neurites encircle the organ equatorially, either as a ring-shaped circumpenial fibre mass or as dorsal and ventral commissures, which are connected to the ventrolateral nerve cords. All three examined dinophilids show similar immunoreactivity patterns against serotonin, FMRFamide, and FVRIamide in the neurons surrounding the penis, supporting the hypotheses about the general involvement of these neurotransmitters in copulatory behaviour in dinophilids. Immunoreactivity against MIP is restricted to the circumpenial fibre mass in D. gyrociliatus and commissures around the penis in T. axi (but not found in D. vorticoides), indicating its role in controlling the copulatory organ.
Conclusions
The overall myo- and neuroanatomy of the reproductive organs is rather similar in the three studied species, suggesting a common ancestry of the unpaired glandomuscular copulatory organ and its innervation in Dinophilidae. This is furthermore supported by the similar immunoreactivity patterns against the tested neurotransmitters around the penis. Smaller differences in the immunoreactivity patterns around the seminal vesicles and spermioducts might account for additional, individual traits. We thus show morphological support for the putatively conserved role of FMRFamide, FVRIamide, MIP and serotonin in dinophilid copulatory behaviour.
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Tierney AJ. Invertebrate serotonin receptors: a molecular perspective on classification and pharmacology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/19/jeb184838. [PMID: 30287590 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.184838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrate receptors for the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) have been identified in numerous species from diverse phyla, including Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes. For many receptors, cloning and characterization in heterologous systems have contributed data on molecular structure and function across both closely and distantly related species. This article provides an overview of heterologously expressed receptors, and considers evolutionary relationships among them, classification based on these relationships and nomenclature that reflects classification. In addition, transduction pathways and pharmacological profiles are compared across receptor subtypes and species. Previous work has shown that transduction mechanisms are well conserved within receptor subtypes, but responses to drugs are complex. A few ligands display specificity for different receptors within a single species; however, none acts with high specificity in receptors across different species. Two non-selective vertebrate ligands, the agonist 5-methoxytryptamine and antagonist methiothepin, are active in most receptor subtypes in multiple species and hence bind very generally to invertebrate 5-HT receptors. Future challenges for the field include determining how pharmacological profiles are affected by differences in species and receptor subtype, and how function in heterologous receptors can be used to better understand 5-HT activity in intact organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Jane Tierney
- Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Colgate University, Hamilton, NY 13346, USA
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18
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Elekes K, Hiripi L, Balog G, Maász G, Battonyai I, Khabarova MY, Horváth R, Voronezhskaya EE. Serotonergic regulation of the buccal (feeding) rhythm of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. An immunocytochemical, biochemical and pharmacological approach. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA 2018; 69:225-243. [PMID: 30257576 DOI: 10.1556/018.68.2018.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Hatching is an important phase of the development of pulmonate gastropods followed by the adult-like extracapsular foraging life. Right before hatching the juveniles start to display a rhythmic radula movement, executed by the buccal complex, consisting of the buccal musculature (mass) and a pair of the buccal ganglia. In order to have a detailed insight into this process, we investigated the serotonergic regulation of the buccal (feeding) rhythm in 100% stage embryos of the pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis, applying quantitative immunohistochemistry combined with the pharmacological manipulation of the serotonin (5-HT) synthesis, by either stimulating (by the 5-HT precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HTP) or inhibiting (by the 5-HT synthesis blocker para-chlorophenylalanine, pCPA) it. Corresponding to the direction of the drug effect, significant changes of the fluorescence intensity could be detected both in the cerebral ganglia and the buccal complex. HPLC-MS assay demonstrated that 5-HTP increased meanwhile pCPA decreased the 5-HT content both of the central ganglia and the buccal complex. As to the feeding activity, 5-HTP induced only a slight (20%) increase, whereas the pCPA resulted in a 20% decrease of the radula protrusion frequency. Inhibition of 5-HT re-uptake by clomipramine reduced the frequency by 75%. The results prove the role of both central and peripheral 5-HTergic processes in the regulation of feeding activity. Application of specific receptor agonists and antagonists revealed that activation of a 5-HT1-like receptor depressed the feeding activity, meanwhile activation of a 5-HT6,7-like receptor enhanced it. Saturation binding plot of [3H]-5-HT to receptor and binding experiments performed on membrane pellets prepared from the buccal mass indicated the presence of a 5-HT6-like receptor positively coupled to cAMP. The results suggest that 5-HT influences the buccal (feeding) rhythmic activity in two ways: an inhibitory action is probably exerted via 5-HT1-like receptors, while an excitatory action is realized through 5-HT6,7-like receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Károly Elekes
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - László Hiripi
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balog
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Gábor Maász
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Izabella Battonyai
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
| | - Marina Yu. Khabarova
- Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Réka Horváth
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-8237 Tihany, Hungary
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Yang X, Huang G, Xu M, Zhang C, Cheng Y. Molecular cloning and functional expression of the 5-HT 7 receptor in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 226:10-17. [PMID: 30110659 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) regulates numerous physiological functions and processes, such as light adaptation, food intake and ovarian maturation, and plays the role through 5-HT receptors. To our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize the serotonin receptor 7 (5-HT7 receptor) cDNA encoded in Eriocheir sinensis, an economically important aquaculture species in China, by performing rapid-amplification of cDNA ends. The full-length of 5-HT7 receptor gene cDNA is 2328 bp and encodes a polypeptide with 590 amino acids that are highly homologous with other crustaceans 5-HT7 receptor genes. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the 5-HT7, including 7 transmembrane domains and some common features of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), indicated that 5-HT7 receptor was a member of GPCRs family. A gene expression analysis of the 5-HT7 receptor by RT-PCR revealed that the 5-HT7 receptor transcripts were widely distributed in various tissues, in which high expression levels were observed in the cranial ganglia, thoracic ganglia and intestines. Further study about the effects of photoperiods on the 5-HT7 expression in the tissues showed that a significantly increasing expression of the 5-HT7 receptor was observed in the thoracic ganglia induced by constant light. In addition, in the eyestalks, the expression levels of 5-HT7 mRNA in constant darkness and constant light were lower than control treatment. Then, the expression levels of the 5-HT7 receptor in three feeding statuses displayed that there were significantly increasing expressions in the hepatopancreas and intestines after feeding, compared with before feeding and during the feeding period. Finally, the 5-HT7 mRNA expression levels in stage III and stage IV were higher than the levels in stage I of ovarian development. Our experimental results showed that the 5-HT7 receptor structurally belongs to GPCRs, and the thoracic ganglia and eyestalks are the important tissues of the 5-HT7 receptor for light adaptation. The 5-HT7 receptor may also be involved in the physiological regulation of the hepatopancreas and intestines after ingestion in E. sinensis. In addition, the 5-HT7 receptor is involved in the process of ovarian maturation. The study provided a foundation for further research of light adaptation, digestive functions and ovarian maturation of the 5-HT7 receptor in Decapoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Genyong Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjie Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Camicia F, Celentano AM, Johns ME, Chan JD, Maldonado L, Vaca H, Di Siervi N, Kamentezky L, Gamo AM, Ortega-Gutierrez S, Martin-Fontecha M, Davio C, Marchant JS, Rosenzvit MC. Unique pharmacological properties of serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptors from cestodes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006267. [PMID: 29425245 PMCID: PMC5823469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cestodes are a diverse group of parasites, some of them being agents of neglected diseases. In cestodes, little is known about the functional properties of G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which have proved to be highly druggable targets in other organisms. Notably, serotoninergic G-protein coupled receptors (5-HT GPCRs) play major roles in key functions like movement, development and reproduction in parasites. Methodology/Principal findings Three 5-HT GPCRs from Echinococcus granulosus and Mesocestoides corti were cloned, sequenced, bioinformatically analyzed and functionally characterized. Multiple sequence alignment with other GPCRs showed the presence of seven transmembrane segments and conserved motifs but interesting differences were also observed. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these new sequences within the 5-HT7 clade of GPCRs. Molecular modeling showed a striking resemblance in the spatial localization of key residues with their mammalian counterparts. Expression analysis using available RNAseq data showed that both E. granulosus sequences are expressed in larval and adult stages. Localization studies performed in E. granulosus larvae with a fluorescent probe produced a punctiform pattern concentrated in suckers. E. granulosus and M. corti larvae showed an increase in motility in response to serotonin. Heterologous expression revealed elevated levels of cAMP production in response to 5-HT and two of the GPCRs showed extremely high sensitivity to 5-HT (picomolar range). While each of these GPCRs was activated by 5-HT, they exhibit distinct pharmacological properties (5-HT sensitivity, differential responsiveness to ligands). Conclusions/Significance These data provide the first functional report of GPCRs in parasitic cestodes. The serotoninergic GPCRs characterized here may represent novel druggable targets for antiparasitic intervention. Cestode parasites are flatworms with the ability to parasitize almost every vertebrate species. Several of these parasites are etiological agents of neglected diseases prioritized by WHO, such as hydatid disease, or hydatidosis, a zoonosis caused by species of the genus Echinococcus that affects millions of people worldwide. Due to the scarcity of anthelmintic drugs available and the emergence of resistant parasites, the discovery of new anthelmintic drugs is mandatory. Neuromuscular function has been the target of commonly used drugs against parasitic diseases to impact movement, parasite development and reproduction. Here we describe three new proteins, some of them highly expressed in cestodes which could be relevant for motility. Using different approaches, the three proteins were identified as G protein coupled receptors for serotonin, an important neurotransmitter and a known modulator of cestode motility. These new receptors exhibit unique characteristics including a particular sensitivity to serotonin as well as a distinctive pharmacology, which will assist their targeting for chemotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Camicia
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Celentano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Paraguay, CABA, Argentina
| | - Malcolm E. Johns
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John D. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Lucas Maldonado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Hugo Vaca
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Di Siervi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Kamentezky
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M. Gamo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Ortega-Gutierrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Martin-Fontecha
- Departamento de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Davio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jonathan S. Marchant
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology & Anatomy; Medical College of Wisconsin; Watertown Plank Road; Milwaukee; WI; United States of America
- * E-mail: (MCR); (JSM)
| | - Mara C. Rosenzvit
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPAM-UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail: (MCR); (JSM)
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Kheawfu K, Pikulkaew S, Hamamoto H, Sekimizu K, Okonogi S. Influence of clove oil and eugenol on muscle contraction of silkworm (Bombyx mori). Drug Discov Ther 2017; 11:64-69. [PMID: 28458297 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2017.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Clove oil is used in fish anesthesia and expected to have a mechanism via glutamic receptor. The present study explores the activities of clove oil and its major compound, eugenol, in comparison with L-glutamic acid on glutamic receptor of silkworm muscle and fish anesthesia. It was found that clove oil and eugenol had similar effects to L-glutamic acid on inhibition of silkworm muscle contraction after treated with D-glutamic acid and kainic acid. Anesthetic activity of the test samples was investigated in goldfish. The results demonstrated that L-glutamic acid at 20 and 40 mM could induce the fish to stage 3 of anesthesia that the fish exhibited total loss of equilibrium and muscle tone, whereas clove oil and eugenol at 60 ppm could induce the fish to stage 4 of anesthesia that the reflex activity of the fish was lost. These results suggest that clove oil and eugenol have similar functional activities and mechanism to L-glutamic acid on muscle contraction and fish anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantaporn Kheawfu
- Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Program, The Graduate School, Chiang Mai University
| | - Surachai Pikulkaew
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology
| | - Kazuhisa Sekimizu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo.,Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology
| | - Siriporn Okonogi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University.,Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University
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22
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Bellier JP, Xie Y, Farouk SM, Sakaue Y, Tooyama I, Kimura H. Immunohistochemical and biochemical evidence for the presence of serotonin-containing neurons and nerve fibers in the octopus arm. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3043-3061. [PMID: 28247020 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1385-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The octopus arm contains a tridimensional array of muscles with a massive sensory-motor system. We herein provide the first evidence for the existence of serotonin (5-HT) in the octopus arm nervous system and investigated its distribution using immunohistochemistry. 5-HT-like immunoreactive (5-HT-lir) nerve cell bodies were exclusively localized in the cellular layer of the axial nerve cord. Those cell bodies emitted 5-HT-lir nerve fibers in the direction of the sucker, the intramuscular nerves cords, the ganglion of the sucker, and the intrinsic musculature. Others 5-HT-lir nerve fibers were observed in various tissues, including the cerebrobrachial tract, the skin, and the blood vessels. 5-HT was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography in various regions of the octopus arm at levels matching the density of 5-HT-lir staining. The absence of 5-HT-lir interconnections between the cerebrobrachial tract and the other components of the axial nerve cord suggests that two types of 5-HT-lir innervation exist in the arm. One type, which originates from the brain, may innervate the periphery through the cerebrobrachial tract. Another type, which originates in the cellular layer of the axial nerve cord, may form an intrinsic network in the arm. In addition, 5-HT-lir fibers likely emitted from the neuropil of the axial nerve cord were found to project into cells showing staining for peripheral choline acetyltransferase, a marker of sensory cells of the sucker. Taken together, these observations suggest that intrinsic 5-HT-lir innervation may participate in the sensory transmission in the octopus arm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Bellier
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan.
| | - Yu Xie
- Life Science Research Center, Beihua University, Jilin, 132013, China
| | - Sameh Mohamed Farouk
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Yuko Sakaue
- Department of Pediatrics, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2192, Japan
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Blitz DM, Pritchard AE, Latimer JK, Wakefield AT. Muscles innervated by a single motor neuron exhibit divergent synaptic properties on multiple time scales. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1233-1244. [PMID: 28104799 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.148908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive changes in the output of neural circuits underlying rhythmic behaviors are relayed to muscles via motor neuron activity. Presynaptic and postsynaptic properties of neuromuscular junctions can impact the transformation from motor neuron activity to muscle response. Further, synaptic plasticity occurring on the time scale of inter-spike intervals can differ between multiple muscles innervated by the same motor neuron. In rhythmic behaviors, motor neuron bursts can elicit additional synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown whether plasticity regulated by the longer time scale of inter-burst intervals also differs between synapses from the same neuron, and whether any such distinctions occur across a physiological activity range. To address these issues, we measured electrical responses in muscles innervated by a chewing circuit neuron, the lateral gastric (LG) motor neuron, in a well-characterized small motor system, the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the Jonah crab, Cancer borealisIn vitro and in vivo, sensory, hormonal and modulatory inputs elicit LG bursting consisting of inter-spike intervals of 50-250 ms and inter-burst intervals of 2-24 s. Muscles expressed similar facilitation measured with paired stimuli except at the shortest inter-spike interval. However, distinct decay time constants resulted in differences in temporal summation. In response to bursting activity, augmentation occurred to different extents and saturated at different inter-burst intervals. Further, augmentation interacted with facilitation, resulting in distinct intra-burst facilitation between muscles. Thus, responses of multiple target muscles diverge across a physiological activity range as a result of distinct synaptic properties sensitive to multiple time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn M Blitz
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Amy E Pritchard
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - John K Latimer
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
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24
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An optimised phylogenetic method sheds more light on the main branching events of rhodopsin-like superfamily. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 20:85-94. [PMID: 27614546 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The comparative genomics between different rhodopsin-like family groups (α, β, γ and δ) is not well studied. We used a combination of phylogenetic analysis and statistical genomic methods to compare rhodopsin-like family proteins in species likely symbolic of this family's evolutionary progression. For intra-cluster relationships, we applied mathematical optimisation to enhance the tree search produced by the neighbour joining method (NJ) and compared it with maximum likelihood (ML) method. To infer inter-clusters relationships, we used Needleman-Wunsch analysis (NW), HHsearch, ancestral sequence reconstruction and phylogenetic network analysis. Using this workflow, we were able to identify key evolutionary events in the rhodopsin-like family receptors. We found that α rhodopsin-like group gave rise to the β group, while the γ rhodopsin-like group diverged from the β group. We tracked the diversification of every cluster, revealing that fungal opsin is the most ancient member of the α group, while adenosine receptors could be the first member to diverge in the MECA (melanocortin, endothelial differentiation sphingolipid, cannabinoid, and adenosine receptors) subfamily and that histamine receptors could be the parent of the amines receptors, while hypocretin receptors might be the most ancient member of the β group. SOG (somatostatin, opioid, galanin) receptors formed the most ancient members of the γ group. Our analysis indicated that basal receptors might be playing a role in early evolution of the nervous system. This is evident in Trichoplax adhaerens genome, where we located histamine receptors and adenosine receptors.
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Modulatory Action by the Serotonergic System: Behavior and Neurophysiology in Drosophila melanogaster. Neural Plast 2016; 2016:7291438. [PMID: 26989517 PMCID: PMC4773565 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7291438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin modulates various physiological processes and behaviors. This study investigates the role of 5-HT in locomotion and feeding behaviors as well as in modulation of sensory-motor circuits. The 5-HT biosynthesis was dysregulated by feeding Drosophila larvae 5-HT, a 5-HT precursor, or an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase during early stages of development. The effects of feeding fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, during early second instars were also examined. 5-HT receptor subtypes were manipulated using RNA interference mediated knockdown and 5-HT receptor insertional mutations. Moreover, synaptic transmission at 5-HT neurons was blocked or enhanced in both larvae and adult flies. The results demonstrate that disruption of components within the 5-HT system significantly impairs locomotion and feeding behaviors in larvae. Acute activation of 5-HT neurons disrupts normal locomotion activity in adult flies. To determine which 5-HT receptor subtype modulates the evoked sensory-motor activity, pharmacological agents were used. In addition, the activity of 5-HT neurons was enhanced by expressing and activating TrpA1 channels or channelrhodopsin-2 while recording the evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in muscle fibers. 5-HT2 receptor activation mediates a modulatory role in a sensory-motor circuit, and the activation of 5-HT neurons can suppress the neural circuit activity, while fluoxetine can significantly decrease the sensory-motor activity.
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Knight D, Iliadi KG, Iliadi N, Wilk R, Hu J, Krause HM, Taylor P, Moran MF, Boulianne GL. Distinct Regulation of Transmitter Release at the Drosophila NMJ by Different Isoforms of nemy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132548. [PMID: 26237434 PMCID: PMC4523183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic transmission is highly plastic and subject to regulation by a wide variety of neuromodulators and neuropeptides. In the present study, we have examined the role of isoforms of the cytochrome b561 homologue called no extended memory (nemy) in regulation of synaptic strength and plasticity at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of third instar larvae in Drosophila. Specifically, we generated two independent excisions of nemy that differentially affect the expression of nemy isoforms. We show that the nemy45 excision, which specifically reduces the expression of the longest splice form of nemy, leads to an increase in stimulus evoked transmitter release and altered synaptic plasticity at the NMJ. Conversely, the nemy26.2 excision, which appears to reduce the expression of all splice forms except the longest splice isoform, shows a reduction in stimulus evoked transmitter release, and enhanced synaptic plasticity. We further show that nemy45 mutants have reduced levels of amidated peptides similar to that observed in peptidyl-glycine hydryoxylating mono-oxygenase (PHM) mutants. In contrast, nemy26.2 mutants show no defects in peptide amidation but rather display a decrease in Tyramine β hydroxylase activity (TβH). Taken together, these results show non-redundant roles for the different nemy isoforms and shed light on the complex regulation of neuromodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Knight
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Konstantin G. Iliadi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Natalia Iliadi
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Ronit Wilk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jack Hu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Henry M. Krause
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Paul Taylor
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Michael F. Moran
- Dept of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Gabrielle L. Boulianne
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Center for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Dept of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Inohara ETS, Pinto CB, Model JFA, Trapp M, Kucharski LC, Da Silva RSM, Vinagre AS. Serotonin effects in the crab Neohelice granulata: Possible involvement of two types of receptors in peripheral tissues. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 185:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Fong PP, Ford AT. The biological effects of antidepressants on the molluscs and crustaceans: a review. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 151:4-13. [PMID: 24374179 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Antidepressants are among the most commonly detected human pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment. Since their mode of action is by modulating the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, aquatic invertebrates who possess transporters and receptors sensitive to activation by these pharmaceuticals are potentially affected by them. We review the various types of antidepressants, their occurrence and concentrations in aquatic environments, and the actions of neurohormones modulated by antidepressants in molluscs and crustaceans. Recent studies on the effects of antidepressants on these two important groups show that molluscan reproductive and locomotory systems are affected by antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations. In particular, antidepressants affect spawning and larval release in bivalves and disrupt locomotion and reduce fecundity in snails. In crustaceans, antidepressants affect freshwater amphipod activity patterns, marine amphipod photo- and geotactic behavior, crayfish aggression, and daphnid reproduction and development. We note with interest the occurrence of non-monotonic dose responses curves in many studies on effects of antidepressants on aquatic animals, often with effects at low concentrations, but not at higher concentrations, and we suggest future experiments consider testing a broader range of concentrations. Furthermore, we consider invertebrate immune responses, genomic and transcriptomic sequencing of invertebrate genes, and the ever-present and overwhelming question of how contaminant mixtures could affect the action of neurohormones as topics for future study. In addressing the question, if antidepressants affect aquatic invertebrates at concentrations currently found in the environment, there is strong evidence to suggest the answer is yes. Furthermore, the examples highlighted in this review provide compelling evidence that the effects could be quite multifaceted across a variety of biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter P Fong
- Department of Biology, Gettysburg College, 300N. Washington St., Gettysburg, PA 17325, USA.
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth PO4 9LY, UK
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Okamoto T, Barton MJ, Hennig GW, Birch GC, Grainger N, Corrigan RD, Koh SD, Sanders KM, Smith TK. Extensive projections of myenteric serotonergic neurons suggest they comprise the central processing unit in the colon. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:556-70. [PMID: 24460867 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) is an important regulator of colonic motility and secretion; yet the role of serotonergic neurons in the colon is controversial. METHODS We used immunohistochemical techniques to examine their projections throughout the enteric nervous system and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) networks in the murine proximal to mid colon. KEY RESULTS Serotonergic neurons, which were mainly calbindin positive, occurred only in myenteric ganglia (1 per 3 ganglia). They were larger than nNOS neurons but similar in size to Dogiel Type II (AH) neurons. 5-HT neurons, appeared to make numerous varicose contacts with each other, most nNOS neurons, Dogiel Type II/AH neurons and glial cells. 5-HT, calbindin and nNOS nerve fibers also formed a thin perimuscular nerve plexus that was associated with ganglia, which contained both nNOS positive and negative neurons, which lay directly upon the submucosal pacemaker ICC network. Neurons in perimuscular ganglia were surrounded by 5-HT varicosities. Submucous ganglia contained nNOS positive and negative neurons, and calbindin positive neurons, which also appeared richly supplied by serotonergic nerve varicosities. Serotonergic nerve fibers ran along submucosal arterioles, but not veins. Varicosities of serotonergic nerve fibers were closely associated with pacemaker ICC networks and with intramuscular ICC (ICC-IM). 5-HT2B receptors were found on a subpopulation of non-5-HT containing myenteric neurons and their varicosities, pacemaker ICC-MY and ICC-IM. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Myenteric serotonergic neurons, whose axons exhibit considerable divergence, regulate the entire enteric nervous system and are important in coordinating motility with secretion. They are not just interneurons, as regularly assumed, but possibly also motor neurons to ICC and blood vessels, and some may even be sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Okamoto
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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BIERBOWER SONYAM, COOPER ROBINL. The Mechanistic Action of Carbon Dioxide on a Neural Circuit and NMJ Communication. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 319:340-54. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SONYA M. BIERBOWER
- Department of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology; University of Kentucky; Lexington; Kentucky
| | - ROBIN L. COOPER
- Department of Biology and Center for Muscle Biology; University of Kentucky; Lexington; Kentucky
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Wu WH, Cooper R. Physiological separation of vesicle pools in low- and high-output nerve terminals. Neurosci Res 2013; 75:275-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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The regulation and packaging of synaptic vesicles as related to recruitment within glutamatergic synapses. Neuroscience 2012; 225:185-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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