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Lecht S, Lahiani A, Klazas M, Naamneh MS, Rubin L, Dong J, Zheng W, Lazarovici P. Rasagiline Exerts Neuroprotection towards Oxygen-Glucose-Deprivation/Reoxygenation-Induced GAPDH-Mediated Cell Death by Activating Akt/Nrf2 Signaling. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1592. [PMID: 39062165 PMCID: PMC11275171 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rasagiline (Azilect®) is a selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitor that provides symptomatic benefits in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment and has been found to exert preclinical neuroprotective effects. Here, we investigated the neuroprotective signaling pathways of acute rasagiline treatment for 22 h in PC12 neuronal cultures exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 4 h, followed by 18 h of reoxygenation (R), causing 40% aponecrotic cell death. In this study, 3-10 µM rasagiline induced dose-dependent neuroprotection of 20-80%, reduced the production of the neurotoxic reactive oxygen species by 15%, and reduced the nuclear translocation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) by 75-90%. In addition, 10 µM rasagiline increased protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation by 50% and decreased the protein expression of the ischemia-induced α-synuclein protein by 50% in correlation with the neuroprotective effect. Treatment with 1-5 µM rasagiline induced nuclear shuttling of transcription factor Nrf2 by 40-90% and increased the mRNA levels of the antioxidant enzymes heme oxygenase-1, (NAD (P) H- quinone dehydrogenase, and catalase by 1.8-2.0-fold compared to OGD/R insult. These results indicate that rasagiline provides neuroprotection to the ischemic neuronal cultures through the inhibition of α-synuclein and GAPDH-mediated aponecrotic cell death, as well as via mitochondrial protection, by increasing mitochondria-specific antioxidant enzymes through a mechanism involving the Akt/Nrf2 redox-signaling pathway. These findings may be exploited for neuroprotective drug development in PD and stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Lecht
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Adi Lahiani
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Michal Klazas
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Majdi Saleem Naamneh
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
| | - Limor Rubin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 9112001, Israel
| | - Jiayi Dong
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Center of Reproduction, Development & Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau 999078, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112002, Israel
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Zong Y, Dai Y, Yan J, Yu B, Wang D, Mao S. The roles of circular RNAs in nerve injury and repair. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1419520. [PMID: 39077756 PMCID: PMC11284605 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1419520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Nerve injuries significantly impact the quality of life for patients, with severe cases posing life-threatening risks. A comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying nerve injury is crucial to the development of effective strategies to promote nerve regeneration. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a recently characterized class of RNAs distinguished by their covalently closed-loop structures, have been shown to play an important role in various biological processes. Numerous studies have highlighted the pivotal role of circRNAs in nerve regeneration, identifying them as potential therapeutic targets. This review aims to succinctly outline the latest advances in the role of circRNAs related to nerve injury repair and the underlying mechanisms, including peripheral nerve injury, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, and neuropathic pain. Finally, we discuss the potential applications of circRNAs in drug development and consider the potential directions for future research in this field to provide insights into circRNAs in nerve injury repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Dong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Susu Mao
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Kang JB, Koh PO. Retinoic acid alleviates the reduction of Akt and Bad phosphorylation and regulates Bcl-2 family protein interactions in animal models of ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303213. [PMID: 38753710 PMCID: PMC11098415 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke causes a lack of oxygen and glucose supply to brain, eventually leads to severe neurological disorders. Retinoic acid is a major metabolic product of vitamin A and has various biological effects. The PI3K-Akt signaling pathway is an important survival pathway in brain. Phosphorylated Akt is important in regulating survival and apoptosis. We examined whether retinoic acid has neuroprotective effects in stroke model by regulating Akt and its downstream protein, Bad. Moreover, we investigated the relationship between retinoic acid and Bcl-2 family protein interactions. Animals were intraperitoneally administered vehicle or retinoic acid (5 mg/kg) for four days before surgery and ischemic stroke was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. Neurobehavioral tests were performed 24 h after MCAO and cerebral cortical tissues were collected. Cresyl violet staining and TUNEL histochemistry were performed, Western blot and immunoprecipitation analysis were performed to elucidate the expression of various proteins. Retinoic acid reduced neurological deficits and histopathological changes, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells, and alleviated reduction of phospho-PDK1, phospho-Akt, and phospho-Bad expression caused by MCAO damage. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that MCAO damage reduced the interaction between phospho-Bad and 14-3-3, which was attenuated by retinoic acid. Furthermore, retinoic acid mitigated the increase in Bcl-2/Bad and Bcl-xL/Bad binding levels and the reduction in Bcl-2/Bax and Bcl-xL/Bax binding levels caused by MCAO damage. Retinoic acid alleviated MCAO-induced increase of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 expression. We demonstrate that retinoic acid prevented apoptosis against cerebral ischemia through phosphorylation of Akt and Bad, maintenance of phospho-Bad and 14-3-3 binding, and regulation of Bcl-2 family protein interactions. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Bin Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Phil-Ok Koh
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
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Kim SK, Lee GY, Kim SK, Kwon YJ, Seo EB, Lee H, Lee SH, Kim SJ, Lee S, Ye SK. Protective Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Against Streptozotocin-Induced Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:1687-1703. [PMID: 37755583 PMCID: PMC10896897 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation under investigation for treatment of a wide range of neurological disorders. In particular, the therapeutic application of rTMS for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) is attracting attention. However, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of rTMS have not yet been elucidated, and few studies have systematically analyzed the stimulation parameters. In this study, we found that treatment with rTMS contributed to restoration of memory deficits by activating genes involved in synaptic plasticity and long-term memory. We evaluated changes in several intracellular signaling pathways in response to rTMS stimulation; rTMS treatment activated STAT, MAPK, Akt/p70S6K, and CREB signaling. We also systematically investigated the influence of rTMS parameters. We found an effective range of applications for rTMS and determined the optimal combination to achieve the highest efficiency. Moreover, application of rTMS inhibited the increase in cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide. These results suggest that rTMS treatment exerts a neuroprotective effect on cellular damage induced by oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. rTMS treatment attenuated streptozotocin (STZ)-mediated cell death and AD-like pathology in neuronal cells. In an animal model of sporadic AD caused by intracerebroventricular STZ injection, rTMS application improved cognitive decline and showed neuroprotective effects on hippocampal histology. Overall, this study will help in the design of stimulation protocols for rTMS application and presents a novel mechanism that may explain the therapeutic effects of rTMS in neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Ki Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Yong Lee
- Remed Co. Ltd., 21-7, Weeleseoilo 1, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Su Kang Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Kyungsung University, Busan, 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Bi Seo
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeri Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Joon Kim
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangsik Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medical Convergence, Gangneung, 25601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
- Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Einenkel AM, Salameh A. Selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 and CA3 pyramidal cells: What are possible pathomechanisms and should more attention be paid to the CA3 region in future studies? J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25276. [PMID: 38284845 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Transient ischemia and reperfusion selectively damage neurons in brain, with hippocampal pyramidal cells being particularly vulnerable. Even within hippocampus, heterogeneous susceptibility is evident, with higher vulnerability of CA1 versus CA3 neurons described for several decades. Therefore, numerous studies have focused exclusively on CA1. Pediatric cardiac surgery is increasingly focusing on studies of hippocampal structures, and a negative impact of cardiopulmonary bypass on the hippocampus cannot be denied. Recent studies show a shift in selective vulnerability from neurons of CA1 to CA3. This review shows that cell damage is increased in CA3, sometimes stronger than in CA1, depending on several factors (method, species, age, observation period). Despite a highly variable pattern, several markers illustrate greater damage to CA3 neurons than previously assumed. Nevertheless, the underlying cellular mechanisms have not been fully deciphered to date. The complexity is reflected in possible pathomechanisms discussed here, with numerous factors (NMDA, kainate and AMPA receptors, intrinsic oxidative stress potential and various radicals, AKT isoforms, differences in vascular architecture, ratio of pro- and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 factors, vulnerability of interneurons, mitochondrial dysregulation) contributing to either enhanced CA1 or CA3 vulnerability. Furthermore, differences in expressed genome, proteome, metabolome, and transcriptome in CA1 and CA3 appear to influence differential behavior after damaging stimuli, thus metabolomics-, transcriptomics-, and proteomics-based analyses represent a viable option to identify pathways of selective vulnerability in hippocampal neurons. These results emphasize that future studies should focus on the CA3 field in addition to CA1, especially with regard to improving therapeutic strategies after ischemic/hypoxic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Einenkel
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aida Salameh
- Clinic for Pediatric Cardiology, University of Leipzig, Heart Centre, Leipzig, Germany
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Chen ZG, Shi X, Zhang XX, Yang FF, Li KR, Fang Q, Cao C, Chen XH, Peng Y. Neuron-secreted NLGN3 ameliorates ischemic brain injury via activating Gαi1/3-Akt signaling. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:700. [PMID: 37880221 PMCID: PMC10600254 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We here tested the potential activity and the underlying mechanisms of neuroligin-3 (NLGN3) against ischemia-reperfusion-induced neuronal cell injury. In SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and primary murine cortical neurons, NLGN3 activated Akt-mTOR and Erk signalings, and inhibited oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD)/re-oxygenation (OGD/R)-induced cytotoxicity. Akt activation was required for NLGN3-induced neuroprotection. Gαi1/3 mediated NLGN3-induced downstream signaling activation. NLGN3-induced Akt-S6K1 activation was largely inhibited by Gαi1/3 silencing or knockout. Significantly, NLGN3-induced neuroprotection against OGD/R was almost abolished by Gαi1/3 silencing or knockout. In vivo, the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) procedure induced NLGN3 cleavage and secretion, and increased its expression and Akt activation in mouse brain tissues. ADAM10 (A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10) inhibition blocked MCAO-induced NLGN3 cleavage and secretion, exacerbating ischemic brain injury in mice. Neuronal silencing of NLGN3 or Gαi1/3 in mice also inhibited Akt activation and intensified MCAO-induced ischemic brain injury. Conversely, neuronal overexpression of NLGN3 increased Akt activation and alleviated MCAO-induced ischemic brain injury. Together, NLGN3 activates Gαi1/3-Akt signaling to protect neuronal cells from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xian-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital 6 of Nantong University, Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Fang-Fang Yang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ke-Ran Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Cong Cao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Xiong-Hui Chen
- Department of Emergency Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China.
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7
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Chen X, Ma L, Zhao J, Pan X, Chen S. Association between cognitive impairment promoted by high-fat diet and increase in PTEN phosphorylation. Behav Brain Res 2023; 447:114421. [PMID: 37028516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in memory impairment and hippocampal phosphorylated protein levels in mice caused by obesity, and to explore the key phosphorylation modification proteins and pathways of memory impairment induced by high-fat diet. First, sixteen C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into simple obese group (group H, n=8) and normal control group (group C, n=8). And at the end of the experiment, the cognitive function of the mice was assessed by Morris water maze and serological indexes were measured. Finally, phosphoproteomics was used to identify the differentially phosphorylted protein expression in the hippocampus of obese mice. Compared with group C, mice in group H had significantly decreased learning and memory abilities, and significantly increased body weight, blood glucose and lipid levels. The results of the phosphoproteomics analysis showed 442 up-regulated differentially phosphorylated proteins and 402 down-regulated differentially phosphorylated proteins. Further protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed pathway hub proteins, including β-actin (ACTB), Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), Phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), ribosomal protein 6 (RPS6), etc. Notably, the hub proteins PTEN, PIK3R1, and mTOR were jointly involved in the mTOR signaling pathway. Our study shows for the first time that a high-fat diet increases the phosphorylation of PTEN proteins, which may affect cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Chen
- Graduate School of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China; Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China; Graduate School of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuchun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.
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8
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Jo D, Jung YS, Song J. Lipocalin-2 Secreted by the Liver Regulates Neuronal Cell Function Through AKT-Dependent Signaling in Hepatic Encephalopathy Mouse Model. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:154-167. [PMID: 37214781 PMCID: PMC10193436 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.2.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) associated with liver failure is accompanied by hyperammonemia, severe inflammation, depression, anxiety, and memory deficits as well as liver injury. Recent studies have focused on the liver-brain-inflammation axis to identify a therapeutic solution for patients with HE. Lipocalin-2 is an inflammation-related glycoprotein that is secreted by various organs and is involved in cellular mechanisms including iron homeostasis, glucose metabolism, cell death, neurite outgrowth, and neurogenesis. In this study, we investigated that the roles of lipocalin-2 both in the brain cortex of mice with HE and in Neuro-2a (N2A) cells. We detected elevated levels of lipocalin-2 both in the plasma and liver in a bile duct ligation mouse model of HE. We confirmed changes in cytokine expression, such as interleukin-1β, cyclooxygenase 2 expression, and iron metabolism related to gene expression through AKT-mediated signaling both in the brain cortex of mice with HE and N2A cells. Our data showed negative effects of hepatic lipocalin-2 on cell survival, iron homeostasis, and neurite outgrowth in N2A cells. Thus, we suggest that regulation of lipocalin-2 in the brain in HE may be a critical therapeutic approach to alleviate neuropathological problems focused on the liver-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbi Jo
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Yoon Seok Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
- Biomedical Science Graduate Program (BMSGP), Chonnam National University, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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9
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Chau SC, Chong PS, Jin H, Tsui KC, Khairuddin S, Tse ACK, Lew SY, Tipoe GL, Lee CW, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Hericium erinaceus Promotes Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Regulation of Metabolites in an Animal Model of Cerebellar Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076089. [PMID: 37047062 PMCID: PMC10094689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although previous study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (H.E.), the mechanisms of H.E. treatment on the neuroinflammatory response, neurotransmission, and related metabolites remain largely unknown. We demonstrated that 3-AP rats treated with 25 mg/kg H.E. extracts had improved motor coordination and balance in the accelerated rotarod and rod tests. We showed that the H.E. treatment upregulated the expression of Tgfb1, Tgfb2, and Smad3 genes to levels comparable to those in the non-3-AP control group. Interestingly, we also observed a significant correlation between Tgfb2 gene expression and rod test performance in the 3-AP saline group, but not in the non-3-AP control or H.E.+3-AP groups, indicating a relationship between Tgfb2 gene expression and motor balance in the 3-AP rat model. Additionally, we also found that the H.E. treatment increased mitochondrial COX-IV protein expression and normalized dopamine-serotonin neurotransmission and metabolite levels in the cerebellum of the H.E.+3-AP group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the H.E. treatment improved motor function in the 3-AP rat model, which was potentially mediated through neuroprotective mechanisms involving TGFB2-Smad3 signaling via normalization of neurotransmission and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chun Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pit Shan Chong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharafuddin Khairuddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Chung Kwan Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Yuen Lew
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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10
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Mahmoud AMA, Mantawy EM, Wahdan SA, Ammar RM, El-Demerdash E. Vildagliptin restores cognitive function and mitigates hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in cisplatin-induced chemo-brain: Imperative roles of AMPK/Akt/CREB/ BDNF signaling cascades. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 159:114238. [PMID: 36640673 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a broad-spectrum antineoplastic agent used to treat many human cancers. Nonetheless, most patients receiving CP suffer from cognitive deficits, a phenomenon termed "chemo-brain". Recently, vildagliptin (Vilda), a DPP-4 inhibitor, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties against various neurological diseases. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the potential neuroprotective properties of Vilda against CP-induced neurotoxicity and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Chemo-brain was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by i.p injection of CP at a dose of 5 mg/kg once weekly for four weeks. Vilda was administered daily at a dose (10 mg/kg; P.O) for four weeks. The results revealed that Vilda restored the cognitive function impaired by CP, as assessed by the Morris water maze, Y-maze, and passive avoidance tests. Moreover, Vilda alleviated the CP-induced neurodegeneration, as shown by toluidine blue staining, besides markedly reduced amyloid plaque deposition, as evidenced by Congo red staining. Notably, Vilda boosted cholinergic neurotransmission through the downregulation of the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. In addition, the neuroprotective mechanisms of Vilda include diminishing oxidative stress by reducing MDA levels while raising GSH levels and SOD activity, repressing neuronal apoptosis as shown by elevated Bcl-2 levels together with diminished Bax and caspase-3 expressions, inhibiting neuroinflammation as shown by decreased GFAP expression, and finally boosting hippocampal neurogenesis and survival by upregulating expressions of BDNF and PCNA. These effects were mainly mediated by activating AMPK/Akt/CREB signaling cascades. In summary, Vilda can be considered a promising candidate for guarding against CP-induced chemo-brain and neurodegeneration, thus improving the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla M A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Mantawy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara A Wahdan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ramy M Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr-Elsheikh, Egypt
| | - Ebtehal El-Demerdash
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist PHA-543613 improves memory deficits in presenilin 1 and presenilin 2 conditional double knockout mice. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114271. [PMID: 36370840 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cholinergic system dysfunction has been considered as a critical feature of neurodegenerative progression in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7-nAChRs) are widely expressed in the hippocampus cortex and play an important role in memory formation, considered as potential therapeutic agents targets. However, underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Here, we combine behavioral, molecular biological methods with in vitro slice and in vivo multichannel electrophysiological recording techniques to investigate the molecular, cellular synaptic and neuronal mechanisms of activating α7-nAChR by PHA-543613 (a selective α7-nAChR agonist), which influences the impaired cognitive function using presenilin 1 (PS1) and presenilin 2 (PS2) conditional double knockout (cDKO) mice. Our results demonstrated that PHA-543613 treatment significantly improved the impaired hippocampus-related memory via recovering the reduced the hippocampal synaptic protein levels of α7-nAChR, NMADAR and AMPAR, thereby restoring the impaired post-tetanic potentiation (PTP), long-term potentiation (LTP), activation of molecular signaling pathway for neuronal protection, theta power and strength of theta-gamma phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) at hippocampus in 6-month-old cDKO mice. For the first time, we systematically reveal the mechanisms by which PHA-543613 improves memory deficits at different levels. Therefore, our findings may be significant for the development of therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Ren Y, Hu S, Pu H, Zhou Y, Jiang M, Li Y, Deng C, Gao J, Xu M, Ge C. Juglanin ameliorates depression-like behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mice by improving AMPK signaling. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Xie E, Nadeem U, Xie B, D’Souza M, Sulakhe D, Skondra D. Using Computational Drug-Gene Analysis to Identify Novel Therapeutic Candidates for Retinal Neuroprotection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012648. [PMID: 36293505 PMCID: PMC9604082 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal cell death is responsible for irreversible vision loss in many retinal disorders. No commercially approved treatments are currently available to attenuate retinal cell loss and preserve vision. We seek to identify chemicals/drugs with thoroughly-studied biological functions that possess neuroprotective effects in the retina using a computational bioinformatics approach. We queried the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to identify genes associated with retinal neuroprotection. Enrichment analysis was performed using ToppGene to identify compounds related to the identified genes. This analysis constructs a Pharmacome from multiple drug-gene interaction databases to predict compounds with statistically significant associations to genes involved in retinal neuroprotection. Compounds with known deleterious effects (e.g., asbestos, ethanol) or with no clinical indications (e.g., paraquat, ozone) were manually filtered. We identified numerous drug/chemical classes associated to multiple genes implicated in retinal neuroprotection using a systematic computational approach. Anti-diabetics, lipid-lowering medicines, and antioxidants are among the treatments anticipated by this analysis, and many of these drugs could be readily repurposed for retinal neuroprotection. Our technique serves as an unbiased tool that can be utilized in the future to lead focused preclinical and clinical investigations for complex processes such as neuroprotection, as well as a wide range of other ocular pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Xie
- Chicago Medical School at Rosalind, Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Urooba Nadeem
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Mark D’Souza
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dinanath Sulakhe
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Correspondence:
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14
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Bhimani AD, Kalagara R, Chennareddy S, Kellner CP. Exosomes in subarachnoid hemorrhage: A scoping review. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 105:58-65. [PMID: 36084567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vasospasm is a common complication following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), causing increased ischemia and tissue injury, and is implicated as a major risk factor for poor outcomes. The success of current treatments for vasospasm is limited, with limited efficacy and unclear clinical benefits. Exosomes, vesicles that carry small molecules such as miRNA, have been theorized as a potential vasospasm treatment. In this study, we aim to survey the current literature discussing the role of exosomes in the setting of SAH. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, we performed a scoping review evaluating the role of exosomes in the treatment of SAH. The search was conducted using PubMed and Scopus, and all original research papers studying exosomal profiles of SAH research subjects or SAH therapy were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS After screening and full text review, seven papers were selected for final inclusion. Of these, two studies analyzed the expression profile of endogenous exosomes after SAH. Four papers identified and characterized miRNA-based exosomal therapies to attenuate early brain injury (EBI) after SAH. One paper discussed the role of protein overexpression in exosome delivery of miRNA for EBI after SAH. Interestingly, all identified papers studying exosomal therapy demonstrated anti-apoptotic or anti-inflammatory effects of miRNA exosomes acting via the BDNF/TrkB/CREB or HDAC3/NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSION Identified studies demonstrate potential neuroprotective benefits of miRNA-based exosomal treatment of EBI and SAH. Findings warrant further research investigating the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic role of exosomal miRNA delivery in SAH models, specifically targeting the common pathway identified by the authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhiraj D Bhimani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Roshini Kalagara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Susmita Chennareddy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher P Kellner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Shawki SM, Saad MA, Rahmo RM, Wadie W, El-Abhar HS. Liraglutide Improves Cognitive and Neuronal Function in 3-NP Rat Model of Huntington's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:731483. [PMID: 35002691 PMCID: PMC8727874 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.731483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant inherited neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive motor, psychiatric, and cognitive abnormalities. The antidiabetic drug liraglutide possesses a neuroprotective potential against several neurodegenerative disorders; however, its role in Huntington’s disease (HD) and the possible mechanisms/trajectories remain elusive, which is the aim of this work. Liraglutide (200 μg/kg, s.c) was administered to rats intoxicated with 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) for 4 weeks post HD model induction. Liraglutide abated the 3-NP-induced neurobehavioral deficits (open field and elevated plus maze tests) and histopathological changes. Liraglutide downregulated the striatal mRNA expression of HSP 27, PBR, and GFAP, while it upregulated that of DARPP32. On the molecular level, liraglutide enhanced striatal miR-130a gene expression and TrKB protein expression and its ligand BDNF, while it reduced the striatal protein content and mRNA expression of the death receptors sortilin and p75NTR, respectively. It enhanced the neuroprotective molecules cAMP, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and p-CREB, besides modulating the p-GSK-3β/p-β-catenin axis. Liraglutide enhanced the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2, abrogated TBARS, upregulated both Bcl2 and Bcl-XL, and downregulated Bax along with decreasing caspase-3 activity. Therefore, liraglutide exerts a neurotherapeutic effect on 3-NP-treated rats that is, besides the upturn of behavioral and structural findings, it at least partially, increased miR-130a and modulated PI3K/Akt/CREB/BDNF/TrKB, sortilin, and p75NTR, and Akt/GSK-3β/p-β-catenin trajectories besides its capacity to decrease apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as its neurotrophic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar M Shawki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania M Rahmo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa Wadie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan S El-Abhar
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
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Preethy HA, Rajendran K, Mishra A, Karthikeyan A, Chellappan DR, Ramakrishnan V, Krishnan UM. Towards understanding the mechanism of action of a polyherbal formulation using a multi-pronged strategy. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:104999. [PMID: 34862035 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we investigate the cognitive effects of a traditional polyherbal formulation, Brahmi Nei (BN) for its effect on cognitive health. Network pharmacological analysis of the bioactives reported in the phytoconstituents of BN was performed by retrieving information from various databases. The in-silico predictions were experimentally validated using in vitro and in vivo models through a combination of biochemical, behavioural and molecular studies. The network pharmacological analysis of the key molecules in BN revealed their ability to modulate molecular targets implicated in memory, cognition, neuronal survival, proliferation, regulation of cellular bioenergetics and oxidative stress. Behavioral studies performed on normal adult rats administered with BN showed a significant improvement in their cognitive performance. Microarray analysis of their brain tissues exhibited an up-regulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, learning, neuronal differentiation, extension, regeneration and survival while pro-inflammatory and pro-degenerative genes were down-regulated. The oxygen consumption rate in BN-treated hippocampal cells showed a significant improvement in the bioenergetic health index when compared to untreated cells due to the mitochondrial membrane fortifying effect and anti-inflammatory property of the BN constituents. The neuroregenerative potential of BN was manifested in increase in axonal length and neurite outgrowth. Western blots and 2D gel electrophoresis revealed a reduction in pro-apoptotic proteins while increasing Akt and cyclophilin proteins. Taken together, our data reveal that BN, although traditionally used to treat anxiolytic disorders can be explored as a nutraceutical to improve neuronal health as well as a therapeutic option to treat cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Agnes Preethy
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhilipsha Mishra
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Akhilasree Karthikeyan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - David Raj Chellappan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vigneshwar Ramakrishnan
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology& Advanced Biomaterials (CeNTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Arts, Science & Humanities, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Lin YE, Chen YC, Lu KH, Huang YJ, Panyod S, Liu WT, Yang SH, Lu YS, Chen MH, Sheen LY. Antidepressant-like effects of water extract of Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link by modulation of ROCK2/PTEN/Akt signaling in an unpredictable chronic mild stress-induced animal model. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114194. [PMID: 33974945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link (CM) is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in tonics for treating several neurological disorders, including epilepsy and anxiety, in Asia. Reports have shown that CM has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects and may be beneficial for depression management. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the potential of CM as an antidepressant for a long-term unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) rodent models and explore its underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were orally administered with 125 (low, L), 250 (medium, M), and 500 (high, H) mg/kg bodyweight (bw) of the water extract of CM (WCM) for 35 consecutive days in the UCMS protocol. The levels of cerebral serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and metabolites in the frontal cortex of the rats were measured. Blood was collected to investigate the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, and the brain was dissected to assay the stress-associated ROCK2/PTEN/Akt signaling. RESULTS All doses of the WCM prevented abnormal behaviors induced by UCMS, including anhedonia and hypoactivity. The LWCM treatment reduced the turnover rate of 5-HT, and all doses of the WCM reduced the turnover rate of DA in the frontal cortex. The LWCM also attenuated the elevation of serum IL-1β induced by chronic stress. All doses of the WCM attenuated the ROCK2 protein hyperactivation, and the LWCM further increased the down-regulation of p-Akt/Akt signaling. CONCLUSION The WCM has antidepressant-like effects, which may result from the regulation of the stress-related ROCK2/PTEN/Akt pathway. Therefore, the WCM may be developed and used for the complementary treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-En Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Ju Huang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Suraphan Panyod
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Ting Liu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Hui Yang
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Yun-Sheng Lu
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Hsing Chen
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Council of Agricultural, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Lee-Yan Sheen
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for Food and Biomolecules, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Center for Food Safety Education and Research, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Hossain MM, Richardson JR. Nerve Growth Factor Protects Against Pyrethroid-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress in Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Toxicol Sci 2021; 174:147-158. [PMID: 31841155 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors crucial for growth and survival of neurons in the developing and adult brain. Reduction in neurotrophin levels is associated with reduced neurogenesis and cognitive deficits in rodents. Recently, we demonstrated that long-term exposure to low levels of the pyrethroid pesticide deltamethrin causes hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and learning deficits in mice. Here, we found that nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA and protein were selectively reduced in the hippocampus of deltamethrin-treated mice. To explore potential mechanisms responsible for this observation, we employed mouse primary hippocampal neurons. Exposure of neurons to deltamethrin (1-5 μM) caused ER stress as indicated by increased levels of C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). These changes were accompanied by increased levels of caspase-12, activated caspase-3, and decreased levels of NGF. Inhibition of ER stress with the eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) inhibitor salubrinal abolished deltamethrin-induced activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3, and restored NGF levels. Furthermore, deltamethrin decreased Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation, which was significantly prevented by co-treatment with NGF or SC-79 in cells. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the loss of NGF following ER stress may contribute to deltamethrin-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus through the Akt signaling pathway, and that this may provide a plausible mechanism for impaired learning and memory observed following exposure of mice to deltamethrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad M Hossain
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
| | - Jason R Richardson
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey.,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel School of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, Florida
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19
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Gage MC, Thippeswamy T. Inhibitors of Src Family Kinases, Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase, and NADPH Oxidase as Potential CNS Drug Targets for Neurological Diseases. CNS Drugs 2021; 35:1-20. [PMID: 33515429 PMCID: PMC7893831 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-020-00787-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neurological diseases share common neuroinflammatory and oxidative stress pathways. Both phenotypic and molecular changes in microglia, astrocytes, and neurons contribute to the progression of disease and present potential targets for disease modification. Src family kinases (SFKs) are present in both neurons and glial cells and are upregulated following neurological insults in both human and animal models. In neurons, SFKs interact with post-synaptic protein domains to mediate hyperexcitability and neurotoxicity. SFKs are upstream of signaling cascades that lead to the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors and the transcription of pro-inflammatory cytokines as well as producers of free radicals through the activation of glia. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS-II) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2), the major mediators of reactive nitrogen/oxygen species (RNS/ROS) production in the brain, are also upregulated along with the pro-inflammatory cytokines following neurological insult and contribute to disease progression. Persistent neuronal hyperexcitability, RNS/ROS, and cytokines can exacerbate neurodegeneration, a common pathognomonic feature of the most prevalent neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and epilepsy. Using a wide variety of preclinical disease models, inhibitors of the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling axis have been tested to cure or modify disease progression. In this review, we discuss the SFK-iNOS-NOX2 signaling pathway and their inhibitors as potential CNS targets for major neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan C. Gage
- Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
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Protective Effects of Active Compounds from Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix against Glutamate-Induced HT-22 Hippocampal Neuronal Cell Death. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8080914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered one of the factors that cause dysfunction and damage of neurons, causing diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Parkinson’s disease (PD).Recently, natural antioxidant sources have emerged as one of the main research areas for the discovery of potential neuroprotectants that can be used to treat neurological diseases. In this research, we assessed the neuroprotective effect of a 70% ethanol Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix (SMR) extract and five of its constituent compounds (tanshinone IIA, caffeic acid, salvianolic acid B, rosmarinic acid, and salvianic acid A) in HT-22 hippocampal cells. The experimental data showed that most samples were effective in attenuating the cytotoxicity caused by glutamate in HT-22 cells, except for rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B. Of the compounds tested, tanshinone IIA (TS-IIA) exerted the strongest effect in protecting HT-22 cells against glutamate neurotoxin. Treatment with 400 nM TS-IIA restored HT-22 cell viability almost completely. TS-IIA prevented glutamate-induced oxytosis by abating the accumulation of calcium influx, reactive oxygen species, and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases. Moreover, TS-IIA inhibited glutamate-induced cytotoxicity by reducing the activation and phosphorylation of p53, as well as by stimulating Akt expression. This research suggested that TS-IIA is a potential neuroprotective component of SMR, with the ability to protect against neuronal cell death induced by excessive amounts of glutamate.
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21
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Fernández-García S, Sancho-Balsells A, Longueville S, Hervé D, Gruart A, Delgado-García JM, Alberch J, Giralt A. Astrocytic BDNF and TrkB regulate severity and neuronal activity in mouse models of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:411. [PMID: 32483154 PMCID: PMC7264221 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2615-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes have emerged as crucial regulators of neuronal network activity, synapse formation, and underlying behavioral and cognitive processes. Despite some pathways have been identified, the communication between astrocytes and neurons remains to be completely elucidated. Unraveling this communication is crucial to design potential treatments for neurological disorders like temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The BDNF and TrkB molecules have emerged as very promising therapeutic targets. However, their modulation can be accompanied by several off-target effects such as excitotoxicity in case of uncontrolled upregulation or dementia, amnesia, and other memory disorders in case of downregulation. Here, we show that BDNF and TrkB from astrocytes modulate neuronal dysfunction in TLE models. First, conditional overexpression of BDNF from astrocytes worsened the phenotype in the lithium-pilocarpine mouse model. Our evidences pointed out to the astrocytic pro-BDNF isoform as a major player of this altered phenotype. Conversely, specific genetic deletion of BDNF in astrocytes prevented the increase in the number of firing neurons and the global firing rate in an in vitro model of TLE. Regarding to the TrkB, we generated mice with a genetic deletion of TrkB specifically in hippocampal neurons or astrocytes. Interestingly, both lines displayed neuroprotection in the lithium-pilocarpine model but only the mice with genetic deletion of TrkB in astrocytes showed significantly preserved spatial learning skills. These data identify the astrocytic BDNF and TrkB molecules as promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Fernández-García
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Sancho-Balsells
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sophie Longueville
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Denis Hervé
- Inserm UMR-S 1270, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Science and Engineering Faculty, 75005, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer a Moulin, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Gruart
- Division of Neurosciences, Pablo de Olavide University, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Alberch
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Giralt
- Departament de Biomedicina, Facultat de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 28031, Madrid, Spain. .,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain.
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Li T, Si W, Zhu J, Yin L, Zhong C. Emodin reverses 5-Fu resistance in human colorectal cancer via downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:1851-1861. [PMID: 32509181 PMCID: PMC7269979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 5-Fu resistance is a major obstacle in the treatment of malignant tumors. Therefore, combination therapy is employed to overcome this limitation. Since it was demonstrated that emodin could resensitize breast cancer to 5-Fu treatment, we aimed to investigate if emodin could reverse 5-Fu resistant colorectal cancer (CRC) in the current study. METHODS For the aim to explore the effect of emodin on 5-Fu resistant CRC, 5-Fu-resistant cell line (SW480/5-Fu) was established. CCK-8 assay and Ki67 staining were performed to evaluate the effects of emodin in combination with 5-Fu on cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of SW480/5-Fu cells. Additionally, the invasion and migration of SW480/5-Fu cells were tested by transwell assay and wound healing, respectively. Western-blot was performed to examine the protein expressions in SW480/5-Fu cells. Moreover, xenograft mice model was established to test the anti-tumor effect of emodin in combination with 5-Fu in vivo. RESULTS Emodin notably increased the anti-proliferation effect of 5-Fu in SW480/5-Fu cells. Similarly, the invasion and migration of SW480/5-Fu cells were further inhibited in the presence of emodin. In addition, the combination treatment (emodin plus 5-Fu) induced cell apoptosis via inhibiting Bcl-2 and activating cleaved caspase3 and Bax. Moreover, emodin reduced 5-Fu resistant in CRC via downregulation of PI3K/Akt signaling. Finally, in vivo study indicated that emodin could notably reverse 5-Fu resistance in CRC xenograft. CONCLUSION Our research revealed that emodin could reverse 5-Fu resistance in CRC through inactivating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this finding might provide a molecular basis for treating 5-Fu resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonghu Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenjun Si
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiameng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chongyang Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Shuyang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Suqian 223600, Jiangsu, China
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23
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Li J, Lv H, Che YQ. Long non-coding RNA Gas5 potentiates the effects of microRNA-21 downregulation in response to ischaemic brain injury. Neuroscience 2020; 437:87-97. [PMID: 31982471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain ischaemia, which can cause severe nerve injury, is a global health challenge. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) growth-arrest specific 5 (Gas5) has been documented to exert tumour suppressive effects in several cancers. However, its role in cerebrovascular disease still requires further investigation. Therefore, in this study, we focused on the role of lncRNA regulatory signalling related to lncRNA Gas5 in ischaemic brain injury. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was employed as a model of ischaemic brain injury in rats. The expression of lncRNA Gas5 and microRNA-21 (miR-21) was altered in neurons to elucidate their effects in ischaemic brain injury and to identify the interactions among lncRNA Gas5, miR-21 and Pten. The neuronal survival rate, apoptosis and the expression of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway-related genes were also evaluated in vitro to determine the effects of lncRNA Gas5. In the brains of rats subjected to MCAO, the expression of lncRNA Gas5 and Pten was upregulated, while miR-21 was downregulated. LncRNA Gas5 inhibited miR-21 expression, leading to elevated levels of Pten. In vitro experiments revealed that lncRNA Gas5 depletion and miR-21 elevation resulted in the suppression of neuronal apoptosis, thus promoting neuronal survival via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. These findings demonstrate that lncRNA Gas5 increases miR-21 and activates Pten, contributing to the development of ischaemic brain injury, supporting the silencing of lncRNA Gas5 as a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of ischaemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Hui Lv
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China
| | - Yu-Qin Che
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, PR China.
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24
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CRISPR, Prime Editing, Optogenetics, and DREADDs: New Therapeutic Approaches Provided by Emerging Technologies in the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2085-2100. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01861-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Quan Y, Wu Y, Zhan Z, Yang Y, Chen X, Wu K, Yu M. Inhibition of the leucine-rich repeat protein lingo-1 enhances RGC survival in optic nerve injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:619-629. [PMID: 31885701 PMCID: PMC6913235 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin-like domain-containing nogo receptor-interacting protein 1 (lingo-1) is selectively expressed on neurons and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and acts as a negative regulator in neural repair, implying a potential role in optic neuropathy. The aim of the present study was to determine whether adeno-associated virus serotype 2 (AAV2) vector-mediated transfer of lingo-1 short hairpin RNA could reduce nerve crush-induced axonal degeneration and enhance axonal regeneration following optic nerve (ON) injury in vivo. The expression of lingo-1 was knocked down in vivo using a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AAV2 encoding lingo-1 shRNA via intravitreal injection in adult Sprague-Dawley rats. Silencing effects of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA were confirmed by detecting GFP labelling of RGCs, and by quantifying lingo-1 expression levels with reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Rats received an intravitreal injection of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA or negative control shRNA. The ON crush (ONC) injury was performed 2 weeks after the intravitreal injection. RGC density, lesion volume of the injured ON and the visual electrophysiology [flash visual evoked potential (F-VEP)] at different time points post-injury were determined. Transduction with lingo-1-shRNA decreased lingo-1 expression levels and promoted RGC survival following ONC. Lingo-1-shRNA promoted ON tissue repair and functional recovery. The mechanism underlying the effect of AAV2-lingo-1-shRNA on RGCs may be the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473 and activation of the Akt signaling pathway acting downstream of lingo-1. The results of the current study indicate that the inhibition of lingo-1 may enhance RGC survival and facilitate functional recovery following ON injury, representing a promising potential strategy for the repair of optic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yali Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zongyi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yangfan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Kaili Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Minbin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
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26
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Granzotto A, Bomba M, Castelli V, Navarra R, Massetti N, d'Aurora M, Onofrj M, Cicalini I, Del Boccio P, Gatta V, Cimini A, Piomelli D, Sensi SL. Inhibition of de novo ceramide biosynthesis affects aging phenotype in an in vitro model of neuronal senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:6336-6357. [PMID: 31467258 PMCID: PMC6738398 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although aging is considered to be an unavoidable event, recent experimental evidence suggests that the process can be counteracted. Intracellular calcium (Ca2+i) dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and lipid dysregulation are critical factors that contribute to senescence-related processes. Ceramides, a pleiotropic class of sphingolipids, are important mediators of cellular senescence, but their role in neuronal aging is still largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated the effects of L-cycloserine (L-CS), an inhibitor of thede novoceramide biosynthesis, on the aging phenotype of cortical neurons cultured for 22 days, a setting employed as anin vitromodel of senescence. Our findings indicate that, compared to control cultures, ‘aged’ neurons display dysregulation of [Ca2+]ilevels, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), altered synaptic activity as well as the activation of neuronal death-related molecules. Treatment with L-CS positively affected the senescent phenotype, a result associated with recovery of neuronal [Ca2+]isignaling and reduction of mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation. The results suggest that thede novoceramide biosynthesis represents a critical intermediate in the molecular and functional cascade leading to neuronal senescence and identify ceramide biosynthesis inhibitors as promising pharmacological tools to decrease age-related neuronal dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Granzotto
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Manuela Bomba
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Riccardo Navarra
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Noemi Massetti
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco d'Aurora
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Onofrj
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cicalini
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA.,National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Departments of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT), University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.,Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders (iMIND), University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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27
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Falcucci RM, Wertz R, Green JL, Meucci O, Salvino J, Fontana ACK. Novel Positive Allosteric Modulators of Glutamate Transport Have Neuroprotective Properties in an in Vitro Excitotoxic Model. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3437-3453. [PMID: 31257852 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various neurological disorders, such as stroke, brain trauma, epilepsy, and several neurodegenerative disorders. EAAT2 is the main transporter subtype responsible for glutamate clearance in the brain, and plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission and preventing excitotoxicity. Therefore, compounds that increase the activity of EAAT2 have therapeutic potential for neuroprotection. In previous studies, we used virtual screening approaches to identify novel positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of EAAT2. These compounds were shown to selectively increase the activity of EAAT2 and increase Vmax of transport, without changing substrate affinity. In this work, our major effort was to investigate whether increasing the activity of EAAT2 by allosteric modulation would translate to neuroprotection in in vitro primary culture models of excitotoxicity. To investigate potential neuroprotective effects of one EAAT2 PAM, GT949, we subjected cultures to acute and prolonged excitotoxic insults by exogenous application of glutamate, or oxidative stress by application of hydrogen peroxide. GT949 administration did not result in neuroprotection in the oxidative stress model, likely due to damage of the glutamate transporters. However, GT949 displayed neuroprotective properties after acute and prolonged glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. We propose that this compound prevents excess glutamate signaling by increasing the rate of glutamate clearance by EAAT2, thereby preventing excitotoxic damage and cell death. This novel class of compounds is therefore an innovative approach for neuroprotection with potential for translation in in vivo animal models of excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romulo Martelli Falcucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Ryan Wertz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Jennifer Leigh Green
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
| | - Joseph Salvino
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Andréia Cristina Karklin Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, United States
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28
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New Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Topical Administration of GLP-1 in an Experimental Model of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8030339. [PMID: 30862093 PMCID: PMC6463072 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goals of this work were to assess whether the topical administration of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) could revert the impairment of the neurovascular unit induced by long-term diabetes (24 weeks) in diabetic mice and to look into the underlying mechanisms. For that reason, db/db mice were treated with eye drops of GLP-1 or vehicle for 3 weeks. Moreover, db/+ mice were used as control. Studies performed in vivo included electroretinogramand the assessment of vascular leakage by using Evans Blue. NF-κB, GFAP and Ki67 proteins were analyzed by immunofluorescence (IF). Additionally, caspase 9, AMPK, IKBα, NF-κB, AKT, GSK3, β-catenin, Bcl-xl, and VEGF were analyzed by WB. Finally, VEGF, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-18, and NLRP3 were studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence. We found that topical administration of GLP-1 reverted reactive gliosis and albumin extravasation, and protected against apoptosis and retinal dysfunction. Regarding the involved mechanisms, GLP-1 exerted an anti-inflammatory action by decreasing NF-κB, inflammosome, and pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, it also decreased VEGF expression. Furthermore, GLP-1 promoted cell survival by increasing the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xl and the signaling pathway Akt/GSK3b/β-catenin. Finally, Ki67 results revealed that GLP-1 treatment could induce neurogenesis. In conclusion, the topical administration of GLP-1 reverts the impairment of the neurovascular unit by modulating essential pathways involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR). These beneficial effects on the neurovascular unit could pave the way for clinical trials addressed to confirm the effectiveness of GLP-1 in early stages of DR.
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29
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Kumar P, Becker JC, Gao K, Carney RP, Lankford L, Keller BA, Herout K, Lam KS, Farmer DL, Wang A. Neuroprotective effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: role of exosomes. FASEB J 2019; 33:5836-5849. [PMID: 30753093 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800972r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have established early-gestation chorionic villus-derived placenta mesenchymal stromal cells (PMSCs) as a potential treatment for spina bifida (SB), a neural tube defect. Our preclinical studies demonstrated that PMSCs have the potential to cure hind limb paralysis in the fetal lamb model of SB via a paracrine mechanism. PMSCs exhibit neuroprotective function by increasing cell number and neurites, as shown by indirect coculture and direct addition of PMSC-conditioned medium to the staurosporine-induced apoptotic human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. PMSC-conditioned medium suppressed caspase activity in apoptotic SH-SY5Y cells, suggesting that PMSC secretome contributes to neuronal survival after injury. As a part of PMSC secretome, PMSC exosomes were isolated and extensively characterized; their addition to apoptotic SH-SY5Y cells mediated an increase in neurites, suggesting that they exhibit neuroprotective function. Proteomic and RNA sequencing analysis revealed that PMSC exosomes contain several proteins and RNAs involved in neuronal survival and development. Galectin 1 was highly expressed on the surface of PMSCs and PMSC exosomes. Preincubation of exosomes with anti-galectin 1 antibody decreased their neuroprotective effect, suggesting that PMSC exosomes likely impart their effect via binding of galectin 1 to cells. Future studies will include in-depth analyses of the role of PMSC exosomes on neuroprotection and their clinical applications.-Kumar, P., Becker, J. C., Gao, K., Carney, R. P., Lankford, L., Keller, B. A., Herout, K., Lam, K. S., Farmer, D. L., Wang, A. Neuroprotective effect of placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells: role of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarsini Kumar
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - James C Becker
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kewa Gao
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Randy P Carney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Lee Lankford
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Benjamin A Keller
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kyle Herout
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Kit S Lam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Diana L Farmer
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Aijun Wang
- Surgical Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.,Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California, Sacramento, California, USA
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30
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Hussain R, Zubair H, Pursell S, Shahab M. Neurodegenerative Diseases: Regenerative Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Approaches. Brain Sci 2018; 8:E177. [PMID: 30223579 PMCID: PMC6162719 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci8090177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration refers to regrowth of tissue in the central nervous system. It includes generation of new neurons, glia, myelin, and synapses, as well as the regaining of essential functions: sensory, motor, emotional and cognitive abilities. Unfortunately, regeneration within the nervous system is very slow compared to other body systems. This relative slowness is attributed to increased vulnerability to irreversible cellular insults and the loss of function due to the very long lifespan of neurons, the stretch of cells and cytoplasm over several dozens of inches throughout the body, insufficiency of the tissue-level waste removal system, and minimal neural cell proliferation/self-renewal capacity. In this context, the current review summarized the most common features of major neurodegenerative disorders; their causes and consequences and proposed novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashad Hussain
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Hira Zubair
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Sarah Pursell
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
| | - Muhammad Shahab
- Department of Animal Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
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31
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Hwang I, Cho SW, Ahn JY. Chaperone-E3 Ligase Complex HSP70-CHIP Mediates Ubiquitination of Ribosomal Protein S3. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092723. [PMID: 30213050 PMCID: PMC6163665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to its role in ribosome biogenesis, ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), a component of the 40S ribosomal subunit, has been suggested to possess several extraribosomal functions, including an apoptotic function. In this study, we demonstrated that in the mouse brain, the protein levels of RPS3 were altered by the degree of nutritional starvation and correlated with neuronal apoptosis. After endurable short-term starvation, the apoptotic function of RPS3 was suppressed by Akt activation and Akt-mediated T70 phosphorylation, whereas after prolonged starvation, the protein levels of RPS3 notably increased, and abundant neuronal death occurred. These events coincided with ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of RPS3, controlled by HSP70 and the cochaperone E3 ligase: carboxy terminus of heat shock protein 70-interacting protein (CHIP). Thus, our study points to an extraribosomal role of RPS3 in balancing neuronal survival or death depending on the degree of starvation through CHIP-mediated polyubiquitination and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inwoo Hwang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
| | - Sung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Korea.
| | - Jee-Yin Ahn
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 16419, Korea.
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea.
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32
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Lin X, Zhang N. Berberine: Pathways to protect neurons. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1501-1510. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2017] [Revised: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lin
- Second Department of Clinical Medicine; China Medical University; No. 77 Puhe Road Shenyang 110122 PR China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; China Medical University; No. 77 Puhe Road Shenyang 110122 PR China
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33
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Kaul Z, Chakrabarti O. Endosomal sorting complexes required for ESCRTing cells toward death during neurogenesis, neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. Traffic 2018; 19:485-495. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zenia Kaul
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; Kolkata India
| | - Oishee Chakrabarti
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; Kolkata India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute; Mumbai India
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34
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West RJH, Ugbode C, Gao FB, Sweeney ST. The pro-apoptotic JNK scaffold POSH/SH3RF1 mediates CHMP2BIntron5-associated toxicity in animal models of frontotemporal dementia. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:1382-1395. [PMID: 29432529 PMCID: PMC6454437 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is one of the most prevalent forms of early-onset dementia. However, the pathological mechanisms driving neuronal atrophy in FTD remain poorly understood. Here we identify a conserved role for the novel pro-apoptotic protein plenty of SH3s (POSH)/SH3 domain containing ring finger 1 in mediating neuropathology in Drosophila and mammalian models of charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2BIntron5) associated FTD. Aberrant, AKT dependent, accumulation of POSH was observed throughout the nervous system of both Drosophila and mice expressing CHMP2BIntron5. Knockdown of POSH was shown to be neuroprotective and sufficient to alleviate aberrant neuronal morphology, behavioral deficits and premature-lethality in Drosophila models, as well as dendritic collapse and cell death in CHMP2BIntron5expressing rat primary neurons. POSH knockdown also ameliorated elevated markers of Jun N-terminal kinase and apoptotic cascades in both Drosophila and mammalian models. This study provides the first characterization of POSH as a potential component of an FTD neuropathology, identifying a novel apoptotic pathway with relevance to the FTD spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J H West
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Chris Ugbode
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Fen-Biao Gao
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sean T Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
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35
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Mice Deficient in lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase delta ( Lpaatδ)/ acylglycerophosphate acyltransferase 4 ( Agpat4) Have Impaired Learning and Memory. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00245-17. [PMID: 28807933 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00245-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously characterized LPAATδ/AGPAT4 as a mitochondrial lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase that regulates brain levels of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Here, we report that Lpaatδ-/- mice display impaired spatial learning and memory compared to wild-type littermates in the Morris water maze and our investigation of potential mechanisms associated with brain phospholipid changes. Marker protein immunoblotting suggested that the relative brain content of neurons, glia, and oligodendrocytes was unchanged. Relative abundance of the important brain fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid was also unchanged in phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin, in agreement with prior data on PC, PE and PI. In phosphatidic acid, it was increased. Specific decreases in ethanolamine-containing phospholipids were detected in mitochondrial lipids, but the function of brain mitochondria in Lpaatδ-/- mice was unchanged. Importantly, we found that Lpaatδ-/- mice have a significantly and drastically lower brain content of the N-methyl-d-asparate (NMDA) receptor subunits NR1, NR2A, and NR2B, as well as the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor subunit GluR1, compared to wild-type mice. However, general dysregulation of PI-mediated signaling is not likely responsible, since phospho-AKT and phospho-mTOR pathway regulation was unaffected. Our findings indicate that Lpaatδ deficiency causes deficits in learning and memory associated with reduced NMDA and AMPA receptors.
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36
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Sawyer TW, Ritzel DV, Wang Y, Josey T, Villanueva M, Nelson P, Song Y, Shei Y, Hennes G, Vair C, Parks S, Fan C, McLaws L. Primary Blast Causes Delayed Effects without Cell Death in Shell-Encased Brain Cell Aggregates. J Neurotrauma 2017; 35:174-186. [PMID: 28726571 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work in this laboratory used underwater explosive exposures to isolate the effects of shock-induced principle stress without shear on rat brain aggregate cultures. The current study has utilized simulated air blast to expose aggregates in suspension and enclosed within a spherical shell, enabling the examination of a much more complex biomechanical insult. Culture medium-filled spheres were exposed to single pulse overpressures of 15-30 psi (∼6-7 msec duration) and measurements within the sphere at defined sites showed complex and spatially dependent pressure changes. When brain aggregates were exposed to similar conditions, no cell death was observed and no changes in several commonly used biomarkers of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were noted. However, similarly to underwater blast, immediate and transient increases in the protein kinase B signaling pathway were observed at early time-points (3 days). In contrast, the oligodendrocyte marker 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, as well as vascular endothelial growth factor, both displayed markedly delayed (14-28 days) and pressure-dependent responses. The imposition of a spherical shell between the single pulse shock wave and the target brain tissue introduces greatly increased complexity to the insult. This work shows that brain tissue can not only discriminate the nature of the pressure changes it experiences, but that a portion of its response is significantly delayed. These results have mechanistic implications for the study of primary blast-induced TBI and also highlight the importance of rigorously characterizing the actual pressure variations experienced by target tissue in primary blast studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Sawyer
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Yushan Wang
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyson Josey
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mercy Villanueva
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peggy Nelson
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanfeng Song
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yimin Shei
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Grant Hennes
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cory Vair
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Changyang Fan
- 4 Canada West Biosciences , Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lori McLaws
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
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Terraneo L, Samaja M. Comparative Response of Brain to Chronic Hypoxia and Hyperoxia. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091914. [PMID: 28880206 PMCID: PMC5618563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two antithetic terms, hypoxia and hyperoxia, i.e., insufficient and excess oxygen availability with respect to needs, are thought to trigger opposite responses in cells and tissues. This review aims at summarizing the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying hypoxia and hyperoxia in brain and cerebral tissue, a context that may prove to be useful for characterizing not only several clinically relevant aspects, but also aspects related to the evolution of oxygen transport and use by the tissues. While the response to acute hypoxia/hyperoxia presumably recruits only a minor portion of the potentially involved cell machinery, focusing into chronic conditions, instead, enables to take into consideration a wider range of potential responses to oxygen-linked stress, spanning from metabolic to genic. We will examine how various brain subsystems, including energetic metabolism, oxygen sensing, recruitment of pro-survival pathways as protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), neurotrophins (BDNF), erythropoietin (Epo) and its receptors (EpoR), neuroglobin (Ngb), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), deal with chronic hypoxia and hyperoxia to end-up with the final outcomes, oxidative stress and brain damage. A more complex than expected pattern results, which emphasizes the delicate balance between the severity of the stress imposed by hypoxia and hyperoxia and the recruitment of molecular and cellular defense patterns. While for certain functions the expectation that hypoxia and hyperoxia should cause opposite responses is actually met, for others it is not, and both emerge as dangerous treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Terraneo
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, I-20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, I-20142 Milano, Italy.
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Lv MR, Li B, Wang MG, Meng FG, Yu JJ, Guo F, Li Y. RETRACTED: Activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway promotes neuroprotection of the δ-opioid receptor agonist against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rat models. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 93:230-237. [PMID: 28645007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.05.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The authors contacted the journal to request a retraction: "Recently, we found that some experimental animal samples from another research were mistakenly used in this paper, resulting in the results and conclusions unreliable". Concern was also raised about the reliability of the brain section images in Figure 1, which seem to appear in other publications, as detailed here: https://pubpeer.com/publications/8AF402957928F3F27A1F46B6D556AD; and here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1r0MyIYpagBc58BRF9c3luWNlCX8VUvUuPyYYXzxWvgY/edit#gid=262337249. In addition, suspected image duplications were detected in Figures 2A, 3B and 4B. The journal requested the corresponding author comment on these concerns and provide the raw data. The author did not fulfil this request and the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Rong Lv
- Department of Nursing, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Ming-Guang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Fan-Guo Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Jian-Jun Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China
| | - Ye Li
- Outpatient Operating Room, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276003, PR China.
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Pinner E, Gruper Y, Ben Zimra M, Kristt D, Laudon M, Naor D, Zisapel N. CD44 Splice Variants as Potential Players in Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 58:1137-1149. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-161245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Micha Ben Zimra
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Don Kristt
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - David Naor
- The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nava Zisapel
- Neurim Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurobiology Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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40
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Lam KYC, Yao P, Wang H, Duan R, Dong TTX, Tsim KWK. Asarone from Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome prevents oxidative stress-induced cell injury in cultured astrocytes: A signaling triggered by Akt activation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179077. [PMID: 28598994 PMCID: PMC5466315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acori Tatarinowii Rhizome (ATR; the dried rhizome of Acori tatarinowii Schott) is a well-known herb being used for mental disorder in China and Asia. Volatile oil is considered as the active ingredient of ATR, and asarones account for more than 90% of total volatile oil. Here, the protective effects of ATR oil and asarones, both α-asarone and β-asarone, were probed in cultured rat astrocytes. The cyto-protective effect of ATR oil and asarones against tBHP-induced astrocyte injury was revealed, and additionally ATR oil and asarones reduced the tBHP-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In parallel, the activity of anti-oxidant response element (ARE) promoter construct (pARE-Luc), being transfected in cultured astrocytes, was markedly induced by application of ATR oil and asarones. The mRNAs encoding anti-oxidant enzymes, e.g. glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutamate-cysteine ligase modulatory subunit (GCLM), glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) were induced by ATR oil and asarones in a dose-dependent manner. The ATR oil/asarone-induced gene expression could be mediated by Akt phosphorylation; because the applied LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor, fully abolished the induction. These results demonstrated that α-asarone and β-asarone could account, at least partly, the function of ATR being a Chinese medicinal herb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Y. C. Lam
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huaiyou Wang
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ran Duan
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tina T. X. Dong
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Karl W. K. Tsim
- Division of Life Science, Center for Chinese Medicine, the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- * E-mail:
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41
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Sawyer TW, Lee JJ, Villanueva M, Wang Y, Nelson P, Song Y, Fan C, Barnes J, McLaws L. The Effect of Underwater Blast on Aggregating Brain Cell Cultures. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:517-528. [PMID: 27163293 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the deleterious effects of primary blast on gas-filled organs are well accepted, the effect of blast-induced shock waves on the brain is less clear because of factors that complicate the interpretation of clinical and experimental data. Brain cell aggregate cultures are comprised of multiple differentiated brain cell types and were used to examine the effects of underwater blast. Suspensions of these cultures encased in dialysis tubing were exposed to explosive-generated underwater blasts of low (∼300 kPa), medium (∼2,700 kPa), or high (∼14,000 kPa) intensities and harvested at 1-28 days post-exposure. No changes in gross morphology were noted immediately or weeks after blast wave exposure, and no increases in either apoptotic (caspase-3) or necrotic (lactate dehydrogenase) cell death were observed. Changes in neuronal (neurofilament H, acetylcholinesterase, and choline acetyltransferase) and glial (glial fibrillary acidic protein, glutamine synthetase) endpoints did not occur. However, significant time- and pressure-related increases in Akt (protein kinase B) phosphorylation were noted, as well as declines in vascular endothelial growth factor levels, implicating pathways involved in cellular survival mechanisms. The free-floating nature of the aggregates during blast wave exposure, coupled with their highly hydrolyzed dialysis tubing containment, results in minimized boundary effects, thus enabling accurate assessment of brain cell response to a simplified shock-induced stress wave. This work shows that, at its simplest, blast-induced shock waves produce subtle changes in brain tissue. This study has mechanistic implications for the study of primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury and supports the thesis that underwater blast may cause subtle changes in the brains of submerged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Sawyer
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julian J Lee
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mercy Villanueva
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yushan Wang
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Peggy Nelson
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yanfeng Song
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chengyang Fan
- 2 Canada West Biosciences , Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julia Barnes
- 3 Hyland Quality Systems , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lori McLaws
- 1 Defence Research and Development Canada, Suffield Research Center , Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada
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42
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Guo JN, Tian LY, Liu WY, Mu J, Zhou D. Activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway: A potential response to long-term neuronal loss in the hippocampus after sepsis. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:1832-1842. [PMID: 29239329 PMCID: PMC5745837 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.219044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Survivors of sepsis may suffer chronic cognitive impairment as a long-term sequela. However, the precise mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction after sepsis are not well understood. We employed the cecal ligation-and-puncture-induced septic mouse model. We observed elevated phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p70S6K on days 14 and 60, progressive neuronal loss in the cornu ammonis 1 region, and abnormal neuronal morphology in the hippocampus in the sepsis mouse model. These findings indicate that changes in neuronal morphology and number in the hippocampus after sepsis were associated with strong activation of the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and may reflect a "self-rescuing" feedback response to neuronal loss after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Guo
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Lin-Yu Tian
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Wen-Yu Liu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Jie Mu
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Nuclear Lipids in the Nervous System: What they do in Health and Disease. Neurochem Res 2016; 42:321-336. [PMID: 27766461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-2085-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years it has been widely demonstrated that cell nucleus contains neutral and polar lipids localized in nuclear membranes, nucleoli, nuclear matrix and chromatin. Nuclear lipids may show specific organization forming nuclear lipid microdomains and have both structural and functional roles. Depending on their localization, nuclear lipids play different roles such as the regulation of nuclear membrane and nuclear matrix fluidity but they also can act as platforms for vitamin and hormone function, for active chromatin anchoring, and for the regulation of gene expression, DNA duplication and transcription. Crosstalk among different kinds of lipid signalling pathways influence the physiopathology of numerous cell types. In neural cells the nuclear lipids are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, inflammation, migration and apoptosis. Abnormal metabolism of nuclear lipids might be closely associated with tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease among others.
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44
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Jantas D, Piotrowski M, Lason W. An Involvement of PI3-K/Akt Activation and Inhibition of AIF Translocation in Neuroprotective Effects of Undecylenic Acid (UDA) Against Pro-Apoptotic Factors-Induced Cell Death in Human Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2882-95. [PMID: 26012840 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Undecylenic acid (UDA), a naturally occurring 11-carbon unsaturated fatty acid, has been used for several years as an economical antifungal agent and a nutritional supplement. Recently, the potential usefulness of UDA as a neuroprotective drug has been suggested based on the ability of this agent to inhibit μ-calpain activity. In order to verify neuroprotective potential of UDA, we tested protective efficacy of this compound against cell damage evoked by pro-apoptotic factors (staurosporine and doxorubicin) and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We showed that UDA partially protected SH-SY5Y cells against the staurosporine- and doxorubicin-evoked cell death; however, this effect was not connected with its influence on caspase-3 activity. UDA decreased the St-induced changes in mitochondrial and cytosolic AIF level, whereas in Dox-model it affected only the cytosolic AIF content. Moreover, UDA (1-40 μM) decreased the hydrogen peroxide-induced cell damage which was connected with attenuation of hydrogen peroxide-mediated necrotic (PI staining, ADP/ATP ratio) and apoptotic (mitochondrial membrane potential, caspase-3 activation, AIF translocation) changes. Finally, we demonstrated that an inhibitor of PI3-K/Akt (LY294002) but not MAPK/ERK1/2 (U0126) pathway blocked the protection mediated by UDA in all tested models of SH-SY5Y cell injury. These in vitro data point to UDA as potentially effective neuroprotectant the utility of which should be further validated in animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Jantas
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Piotrowski
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis and Surface Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wladyslaw Lason
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
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45
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Kong D, Gong L, Arnold E, Shanmugam S, Fort PE, Gardner TW, Abcouwer SF. Insulin-like growth factor 1 rescues R28 retinal neurons from apoptotic death through ERK-mediated BimEL phosphorylation independent of Akt. Exp Eye Res 2016; 151:82-95. [PMID: 27511131 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can provide long-term neurotrophic support by activation of Akt, inhibition of FoxO nuclear localization and suppression of Bim gene transcription in multiple neuronal systems. However, MEK/ERK activation can also promote neuron survival through phosphorylation of BimEL. We explored the contribution of the PI3K/Akt/FoxO and MEK/ERK/BimEL pathways in IGF-1 stimulated survival after serum deprivation (SD) of R28 cells differentiated to model retinal neurons. IGF-1 caused rapid activation of Akt leading to FoxO1/3-T32/T24 phosphorylation, and prevented FoxO1/3 nuclear translocation and Bim mRNA upregulation in response to SD. IGF-1 also caused MAPK/MEK pathway activation as indicated by ERK1/2-T202/Y204 and Bim-S65 phosphorylation. Overexpression of FoxO1 increased Bim mRNA expression and amplified the apoptotic response to SD without shifting the serum response curve. Inhibition of Akt activation with LY294002 or by Rictor knockdown did not block the protective effect of IGF-1, while inhibition of MEK activity with PD98059 prevented Bim phosphorylation and blocked IGF-1 protection. In addition, knockdown of Bim expression was protective during SD, while co-silencing of FoxO1 and Fox03 expression had little effect. Thus, the PI3K/Akt/FoxO pathway was not essential for protection from SD-induced apoptosis by IGF-1 in R28 cells. Instead, IGF-1 protection was dependent on activation of the MEK/ERK pathway leading to BimEL phosphorylation, which is known to prevent Bax/Bak oligomerization and activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. These studies demonstrate the requirement of the MEK/ERK pathway in a model of retinal neuron cell survival and highlight the cell specificity for IGF-1 signaling in this response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejuan Kong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Lijie Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Edith Arnold
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sumathi Shanmugam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Patrice E Fort
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas W Gardner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Steven F Abcouwer
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Kellogg Eye Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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46
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Zeng Z, Wang H, Shang F, Zhou L, Little PJ, Quirion R, Zheng W. Lithium ions attenuate serum-deprivation-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells through regulation of the Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:785-94. [PMID: 26626328 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4168-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Lithium is currently used in the treatment of mental illness. We have previously reported that lithium stimulated the protein kinase B/Forkhead box O1 (Akt/FoxO1) pathway in rats. However, little information is available regarding its neuroprotective role of this pathway and underlying mechanisms. OBJECTIVES PC12 cells treated with serum deprivation were used as a toxicity model to study the protective effect of lithium and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability was determined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and Hoechst staining. FoxO1 subcellular location and its overexpression were used to study the underlying mechanisms. Various pathway inhibitors were used to investigate the possible pathways, while the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 was analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS Lithium pretreatment dose-dependently reduced PC12 cell apoptosis induced by serum starvation. The protective effect of lithium was abolished by LY294002, a PI3K-specific inhibitor, and Akt inhibitor Akt inhibitor VIII, whereas mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK kinase) inhibitor U0126 had no effect. Lithium induced the phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Lithium-induced phosphorylation of Akt and FoxO1 is mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Serum deprivation caused nuclear translocation of FoxO1 while application of lithium reversed the effect of serum deprivation. Moreover, overexpression of FoxO1 enhanced cell apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal. Finally, lithium was found to reduce the exogenous and endogenous FoxO1 protein levels in PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of lithium against serum starvation cell death is mediated by the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Zeng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Neurogenetics and Channelopathies, Institute of Neuroscience, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and Neurophamacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center and Neurophamacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Zhou
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Peter J Little
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall St, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Remi Quirion
- Douglas Hospital Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Room 4021, Building E12, Avenida de Universidade Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China.
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47
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Yu P, Zhang Z, Li S, Wen X, Quan W, Tian Q, Chen J, Zhang J, Jiang R. Progesterone modulates endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) viability through the CXCL12/CXCR4/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:48-57. [PMID: 26818151 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Progesterone treatment can effectively increase levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and improve neurological functional outcome in a traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model. However, the mechanisms of progesterone's effects on EPC viability remain elusive. The CXCL12/CXCR4 (CXC chemokine ligand 12/CXC chemokine receptor 4) signalling pathway regulates cell proliferation; we hypothesize that it mediates progesterone-induced EPC viability. MATERIALS AND METHODS EPCs were isolated from bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) and treated with progesterone (5, 10 and 100 nm). MTS assay was used to investigate EPC viability. Protein expression was examined by Western blotting, ELISA assay and flow cytometry. Cell membrane and cytoplasm proteins were extracted with membrane and cytoplasm protein extraction kits. CXCR4 antagonist (AMD3100) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) antagonist (LY294002) were used to characterize underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Progesterone-induced EPC viability was time- and dose-dependent. Administration of progesterone facilitated EPC viability and increased expression of CXCL12 and phosphorylated Akt (also known as protein kinase B, pAkt) activity (P < 0.05). Progesterone did not regulate CXCR4 protein expression in cultured EPC membranes or cytoplasm. However, progesterone-induced EPC viability was significantly attenuated by AMD3100 or LY294002. Inhibition of the signalling pathway with AMD3100 and LY294002 subsequently reduced progesterone-induced CXCL12/CXCR4/PI3K/pAkt signalling activity. CONCLUSIONS The CXCL12/CXCR4/PI3K/pAkt signalling pathway increased progesterone-induced EPC viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xiaolong Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Wei Quan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Qilong Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Jieli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, 48202, USA
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Rongcai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, 300052, China
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48
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Ribas VT, Koch JC, Michel U, Bähr M, Lingor P. Attenuation of Axonal Degeneration by Calcium Channel Inhibitors Improves Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival and Regeneration After Optic Nerve Crush. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:72-86. [PMID: 26732591 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Axonal degeneration is one of the initial steps in many traumatic and neurodegenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorders and thus a promising therapeutic target. A focal axonal lesion is followed by acute axonal degeneration (AAD) of both adjacent axon parts, before proximal and distal parts follow different degenerative fates at later time points. Blocking calcium influx by calcium channel inhibitors was previously shown to attenuate AAD after optic nerve crush (ONC). However, it remains unclear whether the attenuation of AAD also promotes consecutive axonal regeneration. Here, we used a rat ONC model to study the effects of calcium channel inhibitors on axonal degeneration, retinal ganglion cell (RGC) survival, and axonal regeneration, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved. Application of calcium channel inhibitors attenuated AAD after ONC and preserved axonal integrity as visualized by live imaging of optic nerve axons. Consecutively, this resulted in improved survival of RGCs and improved axonal regeneration at 28 days after ONC. We show further that calcium channel inhibition attenuated lesion-induced calpain activation in the proximity of the crush and inhibited the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway. Pro-survival signaling via Akt in the retina was also increased. Our data thus show that attenuation of AAD improves consecutive neuronal survival and axonal regeneration and that calcium channel inhibitors could be valuable tools for therapeutic interventions in traumatic and degenerative CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius T Ribas
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan C Koch
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Michel
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Bähr
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany.,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Paul Lingor
- Department of Neurology, University Medicine Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany. .,Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany.
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49
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Yan PS, Tang S, Zhang HF, Guo YY, Zeng ZW, Wen Q. Nerve growth factor protects against palmitic acid-induced injury in retinal ganglion cells. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1851-1856. [PMID: 28123432 PMCID: PMC5204244 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.194758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports an important role for nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic retinopathy. We hypothesized that NGF has a protective effect on rat retinal ganglion RGC-5 cells injured by palmitic acid (PA), a metabolic factor implicated in the development of diabetes and its complications. Our results show that PA exposure caused apoptosis of RGC-5 cells, while NGF protected against PA insult in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, NGF significantly attenuated the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in RGC-5 cells. Pathway inhibitor tests showed that the protective effect of NGF was completely reversed by LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), Akt VIII inhibitor, and PD98059 (ERK1/2 inhibitor). Western blot analysis revealed that NGF induced the phosphorylation of Akt/FoxO1 and ERK1/2 and reversed the PA-evoked reduction in the levels of these proteins. These results indicate that NGF protects RGC-5 cells against PA-induced injury through anti-oxidation and inhibition of apoptosis by modulation of the PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Shi Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shu Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Guo
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center and Shenzhen Key Lab for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zeng
- Shenzhen Mental Health Center and Shenzhen Key Lab for Psychological Healthcare, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
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50
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Basso M, Pennuto M. Serine phosphorylation and arginine methylation at the crossroads to neurodegeneration. Exp Neurol 2015; 271:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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