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Supplementation with High or Low Iron Reduces Colitis Severity in an AOM/DSS Mouse Model. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14102033. [PMID: 35631174 PMCID: PMC9147005 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) and the dysregulation of iron metabolism has been implicated. However, studies on the influence of dietary iron deficiency on the incidence of CAC are limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary iron deficiency and dietary non-heme iron on CAC development in an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) mouse model. The four-week-old mice were divided into the following groups: iron control (IC; 35 ppm iron/kg) + normal (NOR), IC + AOM/DSS, iron deficient (ID; <5 ppm iron/kg diet) + AOM/DSS, and iron overload (IOL; approximately 2000 ppm iron/kg) + AOM/DSS. The mice were fed the respective diets for 13 weeks, and the AOM/DSS model was established at week five. FTH1 expression increased in the mice’s colons in the IC + AOM/DSS group compared with that observed in the ID and IOL + AOM/DSS groups. The reduced number of colonic tumors in the ID + AOM/DSS and IOL + AOM/DSS groups was accompanied by the downregulated expression of cell proliferation regulators (PCNA, cyclin D1, and c-Myc). Iron overload inhibited the increase in the expression of NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNFα, iNOS, COX2, and IL-1β), likely due to the elevated expression of antioxidant genes (SOD1, TXN, GPX1, GPX4, CAT, HMOX1, and NQO1). ID + AOM/DSS may hinder tumor development in the AOM/DSS model by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway by increasing the expression of Ndrg1. Our study suggests that ID and IOL diets suppress AOM/DSS-induced tumors and that long-term iron deficiency or overload may negate CAC progression.
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Short SP, Pilat JM, Barrett CW, Reddy VK, Haberman Y, Hendren JR, Marsh BJ, Keating CE, Motley AK, Hill KE, Zemper AE, Washington MK, Shi C, Chen X, Wilson KT, Hyams JS, Denson LA, Burk RF, Rosen MJ, Williams CS. Colonic Epithelial-Derived Selenoprotein P Is the Source for Antioxidant-Mediated Protection in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1694-1708.e3. [PMID: 33388316 PMCID: PMC8035252 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate nutritional selenium deficiencies and are at greater risk of developing colon cancer. Previously, we determined that global reduction of the secreted antioxidant selenium-containing protein, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), substantially increased tumor development in an experimental colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model. We next sought to delineate tissue-specific contributions of SELENOP to intestinal inflammatory carcinogenesis and define clinical context. METHODS Selenop floxed mice crossed with Cre driver lines to delete Selenop from the liver, myeloid lineages, or intestinal epithelium were placed on an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate experimental CAC protocol. SELENOP loss was assessed in human ulcerative colitis (UC) organoids, and expression was queried in human and adult UC samples. RESULTS Although large sources of SELENOP, both liver- and myeloid-specific Selenop deletion failed to modify azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-mediated tumorigenesis. Instead, epithelial-specific deletion increased CAC tumorigenesis, likely due to elevated oxidative stress with a resulting increase in genomic instability and augmented tumor initiation. SELENOP was down-regulated in UC colon biopsies and levels were inversely correlated with endoscopic disease severity and tissue S100A8 (calprotectin) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Although global selenium status is typically assessed by measuring liver-derived plasma SELENOP levels, our results indicate that the peripheral SELENOP pool is dispensable for CAC. Colonic epithelial SELENOP is the main contributor to local antioxidant capabilities. Thus, colonic SELENOP is the most informative means to assess selenium levels and activity in IBD patients and may serve as a novel biomarker for UC disease severity and identify patients most predisposed to CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Caitlyn W Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vishruth K Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jared R Hendren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Benjamin J Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cody E Keating
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy K Motley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristina E Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Raymond F Burk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Ala M, Kheyri Z. The rationale for selenium supplementation in inflammatory bowel disease: A mechanism-based point of view. Nutrition 2021; 85:111153. [PMID: 33578241 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has always been a challenge for physicians. Current treatment protocols may cause numerous adverse effects. Selenium is known for its putative antiinflammatory properties. Selenium is needed for the biosynthesis of enzymatically active selenoproteins, which contribute to antioxidative defense, and effective function of immune systems. Several studies have shown that patients with IBD have a lower selenium level compared to healthy subjects. Hence, experimental studies mimicking ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease investigated the effect of selenium supplementation on IBD. Previous studies indicated the following: 1) Selenoproteins can curb the inflammatory response and attenuate oxidative stress. This antiinflammatory property caused remission in animal models of colitis. 2) Selenium supports protective gut microbiota, which indirectly improves management of IBD. 3) Selenium may block some of the predominant tumorigenesis pathways proposed in colitis-associated colorectal cancer. 4) Selenium supplementation showed promising results in preliminary clinical studies, particularly in patients with selenium deficiency. While selenium supplementation seems to be beneficial for IBD, clinical studies have remained too preliminary in this regard. Randomized clinical trials are needed to measure the short-term and long-term effects of selenium on both active and quiescent IBD, particularly in patients with IBD who have documented selenium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahedin Kheyri
- Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Li ZQ, Chen XY, Yue ZG, Zhou HP, Chen YC, Xiong CS, Zheng HN, Li YH. Polyphyllin Ⅵ inhibits colitis associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice: Possible mechanisms. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:4393-4398. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i29.4393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of polyphyllin Ⅵ (PPLⅥ) on colitis associated colorectal carcinogenesis in mice and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: Fifty male Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were randomly divided into five groups: a model group, three PPLⅥ-treated groups and a control group. The mice in the model group and three PPLⅥ-treated groups were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight. One week later, the mice were treated with 2% (w/v) dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in their drinking water for 1 wk. This was followed by no further treatment for 1 wk. After another 1 wk of 2% DSS treatment, normal water was given for an additional 15 weeks. At week 9, the mice in PPLⅥ-treated groups were intraperitoneally injected with PPLⅥ (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg, respectively) every 3 d, for 12 wk. All mice were sacrificed at week 20 by ether overdose and colon samples were collected for histopathological examinations and Western blot analysis.
RESULTS: HE staining showed that the incidence of tumor formation was 90% in the mice treated with DMH/DSS; it decreased to 40% (4/10), 20% (2/10), and 10% (1/10) in mice treated with DMH/DSS plus 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg of PPLⅥ, respectively. PPLⅥ treatment increased the expression of cleaved Caspase3, Caspase9 and Bax and decreased the expression of Bcl-2 in colonic epithelial cells.
CONCLUSION: PPLⅥ can inhibit DMH/DSS-induced colon tumor formation in ICR mice partly through inducing apoptosis of abnormal colonic epithelial cells via the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis.
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Bedford MR, Ford SJ, Horniblow RD, Iqbal TH, Tselepis C. Iron chelation in the treatment of cancer: a new role for deferasirox? J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 53:885-91. [PMID: 23740857 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Iron plays a crucial role in a number of metabolic pathways including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and ATP generation. Although insufficient systemic iron can result in physical impairment, excess iron has also been implicated in a number of diseases including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Iron chelators are agents which bind iron and facilitate its excretion. Experimental iron chelators have demonstrated potent anti-neoplastic properties in a number of cancers in vitro. These agents have yet to be translated into clinical practice, however, largely due to the significant side effects encountered in pre-clinical models. A number of licensed chelators, however, are currently in clinical use for the treatment of iron overload associated with certain non-neoplastic diseases. Deferasirox is one such agent and the drug has shown significant anti-tumor effects in a number of in vitro and in vivo studies. Deferasirox is orally administered and has demonstrated a good side effect profile in clinical practice to date. It represents an attractive agent to take forward into clinical trials of iron chelators as anti-cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Bedford
- School of Cancer Studies, Department of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Rahman MM, Seo YR. Discovery of potential targets of selenomethionine-mediated chemoprevention in colorectal carcinoma mouse model using proteomics analysis. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1575-84. [PMID: 23504501 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite some controversy, selenomethionine (SeMet)-mediated protection against colorectal cancer (CRC) might be a very promising non-cytotoxic option. However, responsive molecular targets and underlying mechanisms of SeMet-mediated chemoprevention are still unclear. Our aim was to discover new targets of SeMet-mediated chemoprevention in CRC using proteomics analysis. We found dietary SeMet supplementation before carcinoma initiation effectively suppressed polyp incidence and dysplastic lesions without any adverse effects. To determine chemopreventive targets of SeMet, we employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis-based proteomics analysis in CRC mouse model. Pretreatment with SeMet apparently modulated the expression of 30 proteins with functions in major processes like chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis as discovered through pathway analysis with Pathway Studio software. We validated four proteins selected from pathway analysis including prohibitin, purine nucleoside phosphorylase, annexin 2 and c-reactive protein by immunohistochemistry. 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a known oxidative stress marker, was decreased by SeMet treatment in CRC mice as seen by immunohistochemistry. Further network analysis was done among these new four validated proteins, 8-OHdG and colorectal cancer. These four proteins found by proteomics analysis might be considered as potential chemopreventive biomarkers of SeMet against colon cancer and can help develop and improve approaches in preventive, therapeutic and prognostic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mujibur Rahman
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, 26 Pil-dong 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul 100-715, Republic of Korea
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Sanmartín C, Plano D, Sharma AK, Palop JA. Selenium compounds, apoptosis and other types of cell death: an overview for cancer therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:9649-9672. [PMID: 22949823 PMCID: PMC3431821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13089649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element involved in different physiological functions of the human body and plays a role in cancer prevention and treatment. Induction of apoptosis is considered an important cellular event that can account for the cancer preventive effects of Se. The mechanisms of Se-induced apoptosis are associated with the chemical forms of Se and their metabolism as well as the type of cancer studied. So, some selenocompounds, such as SeO2 involve the activation of caspase-3 while sodium selenite induces apoptosis in the absence of the activation of caspases. Modulation of mitochondrial functions has been reported to play a key role in the regulation of apoptosis and also to be one of the targets of Se compounds. Other mechanisms for apoptosis induction are the modulation of glutathione and reactive oxygen species levels, which may function as intracellular messengers to regulate signaling pathways, or the regulation of kinase, among others. Emerging evidence indicates the overlaps between the apoptosis and other types of cell death such as autophagy. In this review we report different processes of cell death induced by Se compounds in cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sanmartín
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona E-31008, Spain; E-Mails: (D.P.); (J.A.P.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-948-425-600; Fax: +34-948-425-649
| | - Daniel Plano
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona E-31008, Spain; E-Mails: (D.P.); (J.A.P.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, CH72, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State Hershey College of Medicine, CH72, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Juan Antonio Palop
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, Pamplona E-31008, Spain; E-Mails: (D.P.); (J.A.P.)
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