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Hopton RE, Jahahn NJ, Zemper AE. Lrig1 drives cryptogenesis and restrains proliferation during colon development. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G570-G581. [PMID: 37873577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00094.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Growth and specification of the mouse intestine occurs in utero and concludes after birth. Although numerous studies have examined this developmental process in the small intestine, far less is known about the cellular and molecular cues required for colon development. In this study, we examine the morphological events leading to crypt formation, epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, and the emergence and expression of a stem and progenitor cell marker Lrig1. Through multicolor lineage tracing, we show Lrig1-expressing cells are present at birth and behave as stem cells to establish clonal crypts within 3 wk of life. In addition, we use an inducible knockout mouse to eliminate Lrig1 and show Lrig1 restrains proliferation within a critical developmental time window, without impacting colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Our study illustrates morphological changes during crypt development and the importance of Lrig1 in the developing colon.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our studies define the importance of studying Lrig1 in colon development. We address a critical gap in the intestinal development literature and provide new information about the molecular cues that guide colon development. Using a novel, inducible knockout of Lrig1, we show Lrig1 is required for appropriate colon epithelial growth and illustrate the importance of Lrig1-expressing cells in the establishment of colonic crypts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Hopton
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Nicholas J Jahahn
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
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Hopton RE, Jahahn NJ, Zemper AE. The Role of Lrig1 in the Development of the Colonic Epithelium. bioRxiv 2023:2023.05.02.539114. [PMID: 37205411 PMCID: PMC10187246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.02.539114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Growth and specification of the mouse intestine occurs in utero and concludes after birth. While numerous studies have examined this developmental process in the small intestine, far less is known about the cellular and molecular cues required for colon development. In this study, we examine the morphological events leading to crypt formation, epithelial cell differentiation, areas of proliferation, and the emergence and expression of a stem and progenitor cell marker Lrig1. Through multicolor lineage tracing, we show Lrig1 expressing cells are present at birth and behave as stem cells to establish clonal crypts within three weeks after birth. In addition, we use an inducible knockout mouse to eliminate Lrig1 during colon development and show loss of Lrig1 restrains proliferation within a critical developmental time window, without impacting colonic epithelial cell differentiation. Our study illustrates the morphological changes that occur during crypt development and the importance of Lrig1 in the developing colon.
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Short SP, Pilat JM, Barrett CW, Reddy VK, Haberman Y, Hendren JR, Marsh BJ, Keating CE, Motley AK, Hill KE, Zemper AE, Washington MK, Shi C, Chen X, Wilson KT, Hyams JS, Denson LA, Burk RF, Rosen MJ, Williams CS. Colonic Epithelial-Derived Selenoprotein P Is the Source for Antioxidant-Mediated Protection in Colitis-Associated Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:1694-1708.e3. [PMID: 33388316 PMCID: PMC8035252 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate nutritional selenium deficiencies and are at greater risk of developing colon cancer. Previously, we determined that global reduction of the secreted antioxidant selenium-containing protein, selenoprotein P (SELENOP), substantially increased tumor development in an experimental colitis-associated cancer (CAC) model. We next sought to delineate tissue-specific contributions of SELENOP to intestinal inflammatory carcinogenesis and define clinical context. METHODS Selenop floxed mice crossed with Cre driver lines to delete Selenop from the liver, myeloid lineages, or intestinal epithelium were placed on an azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate experimental CAC protocol. SELENOP loss was assessed in human ulcerative colitis (UC) organoids, and expression was queried in human and adult UC samples. RESULTS Although large sources of SELENOP, both liver- and myeloid-specific Selenop deletion failed to modify azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-mediated tumorigenesis. Instead, epithelial-specific deletion increased CAC tumorigenesis, likely due to elevated oxidative stress with a resulting increase in genomic instability and augmented tumor initiation. SELENOP was down-regulated in UC colon biopsies and levels were inversely correlated with endoscopic disease severity and tissue S100A8 (calprotectin) gene expression. CONCLUSIONS Although global selenium status is typically assessed by measuring liver-derived plasma SELENOP levels, our results indicate that the peripheral SELENOP pool is dispensable for CAC. Colonic epithelial SELENOP is the main contributor to local antioxidant capabilities. Thus, colonic SELENOP is the most informative means to assess selenium levels and activity in IBD patients and may serve as a novel biomarker for UC disease severity and identify patients most predisposed to CAC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah P Short
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jennifer M Pilat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Caitlyn W Barrett
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Vishruth K Reddy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yael Haberman
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jared R Hendren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; School of Medicine, Southern Illinois University, Springfield, Illinois
| | - Benjamin J Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Cody E Keating
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy K Motley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Kristina E Hill
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon; Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - M Kay Washington
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Chanjuan Shi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences and the Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Raymond F Burk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael J Rosen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Christopher S Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Mucosal Inflammation and Cancer, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee; Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Wroblewski LE, Choi E, Petersen C, Delgado AG, Piazuelo MB, Romero-Gallo J, Lantz TL, Zavros Y, Coffey RJ, Goldenring JR, Zemper AE, Peek RM. Targeted mobilization of Lrig1 + gastric epithelial stem cell populations by a carcinogenic Helicobacter pylori type IV secretion system. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:19652-19658. [PMID: 31488717 PMCID: PMC6765285 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903798116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis is the strongest risk factor for gastric adenocarcinoma, a malignancy preceded by a series of well-defined histological stages, including metaplasia. One microbial constituent that augments cancer risk is the cag type 4 secretion system (T4SS), which translocates the oncoprotein CagA into host cells. Aberrant stem cell activation is linked to carcinogenesis, and Lrig1 (leucine-rich repeats and Ig-like domains 1) marks a distinct population of progenitor cells. We investigated whether microbial effectors with carcinogenic potential influence Lrig1 progenitor cells ex vivo and via lineage expansion within H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Lineage tracing was induced in Lrig1-CreERT2/+;R26R-YFP/+ (Lrig1/YFP) mice that were uninfected or subsequently infected with cag+H. pylori or an isogenic cagE- mutant (nonfunctional T4SS). In contrast to infection with wild-type (WT) H. pylori for 2 wk, infection for 8 wk resulted in significantly increased inflammation and proliferation in the corpus and antrum compared with uninfected or mice infected with the cagE- mutant. WT H. pylori-infected mice harbored significantly higher numbers of Lrig1/YFP epithelial cells that coexpressed UEA1 (surface cell marker). The number of cells coexpressing intrinsic factor (chief cell marker), YFP (lineage marker), and GSII lectin (spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia marker) were increased only by WT H. pylori In human samples, Lrig1 expression was significantly increased in lesions with premalignant potential compared with normal mucosa or nonatrophic gastritis. In conclusion, chronic H. pylori infection stimulates Lrig1-expressing progenitor cells in a cag-dependent manner, and these reprogrammed cells give rise to a full spectrum of differentiated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia E Wroblewski
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Nashville VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Christine Petersen
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Alberto G Delgado
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - M Blanca Piazuelo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Judith Romero-Gallo
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Tyler L Lantz
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Pharmacology and System Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Nashville VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James R Goldenring
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Nashville VA Medical Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, TN 37212
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Anne E Zemper
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Richard M Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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Walsh KT, Zemper AE. The Enteric Nervous System for Epithelial Researchers: Basic Anatomy, Techniques, and Interactions With the Epithelium. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 8:369-378. [PMID: 31108231 PMCID: PMC6718943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium does not function in isolation, but interacts with many components including the Enteric Nervous System (ENS). Understanding ENS and intestinal epithelium interactions requires multidisciplinary approaches to uncover cells involved, mechanisms used, and the ultimate influence on intestinal physiology. This review is intended to serve as a reference for epithelial biologists interested in studying these interactions. With this in mind, this review aims to summarize the basic anatomy of the epithelium and ENS, mechanisms by which they interact, and techniques used to study these interactions. We highlight in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo techniques. Additionally, ENS influence on epithelial proliferation and gene expression within stem and differentiated cells as well as gastrointestinal cancer are discussed.
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Key Words
- 5-ht, 5-hydroxytryptamine
- 5-ht3r, 5-hydroxytryptamine 3 receptor
- ach, acetylcholine
- aitc, allyl isothicyanate
- cpi, crypt proliferation index
- eec, enteroendocrine cell
- ens, enteric nervous system
- gi, gastrointestinal
- hio, human intestinal organoid
- isc, intestinal stem cell
- lgr5, leucine-rich repeat–containing g protein–coupled receptor
- ne, norepinephrine
- ngf, nerve growth factor
- si, small intestine
- ta, transit-amplifying
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Walsh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon,Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon,Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Anne E. Zemper
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon,Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Anne E. Zemper, PhD, University of Oregon, 218 Streisinger Hall, 1370 Franklin Boulevard, Eugene, Oregon 97401. fax: (541) 346–6056.
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