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Joo S, Chun H, Lee J, Seo S, Lee J, Leem J. Hypoglycemic Effect of an Herbal Decoction (Modified Gangsimtang) in a Patient with Severe Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Refusing Oral Anti-Diabetic Medication: A Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1919. [PMID: 38003968 PMCID: PMC10672827 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59111919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in alternative therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) because some patients refuse to receive conventional therapies. In East Asia, herbal medicines are often used to treat T2DM, and modified Gangsimtang (mGST) is prescribed to treat a condition called wasting thirst (), which resembles T2DM. This study reported the treatment of hyperglycemia using herbal medicines without oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy. Case presentation: A 36-year-old man with obesity was diagnosed with T2DM four years prior to hospitalization and experienced blood glucose level reduction from 22.2-27.8 mmol/L (400-500 mg/dL) to 5.6-11.1 mmol/L (100-200 mg/dL) by using herbal medicines. He visited D Korean Medicine Hospital with chronic polydipsia and general weakness as chief complaints. He was diagnosed with T2DM on the basis of a hemoglobin A1c level of 11.7% and 2 h postprandial blood glucose level of >25.0 mmol/L (450 mg/dL). Moreover, he was diagnosed with a "dual deficiency of qi and yin" () because of ordinary symptoms (). During his 30-day inpatient treatment, the patient received mGST 120 mL thrice daily; as a result, his postprandial blood glucose level decreased from 25.3 mmol/L (455 mg/dL) to 8.6 mmol/L (154 mg/dL), polydipsia decreased (visual analog scale score decreased from six to one), and triglyceride levels decreased from 11.7 mmol/L (1031 mg/dL) to 2.0 mmol/L (174 mg/dL). Plasma glucose levels remained stable for 6 months after the treatment, and no adverse events were observed over 200 days. We administered an herbal decoction to decrease plasma glucose levels without using oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Conclusions: Herbal decoctions such as mGST can reduce hyperglycemia in patients with T2DM who refuse conventional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Joo
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongshin Korean Medicine Hospital, 351, Omok-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07999, Republic of Korea; (S.J.)
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyonjun Chun
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongshin Korean Medicine Hospital, 351, Omok-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07999, Republic of Korea; (S.J.)
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Lee
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongshin Korean Medicine Hospital, 351, Omok-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Seo
- Department of Korean Internal Medicine, Dongshin Korean Medicine Hospital, 351, Omok-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Lee
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Dongshin Korean Medicine Hospital, 351, Omok-ro, Yangcheon-gu, Seoul 07999, Republic of Korea; (S.J.)
| | - Jungtae Leem
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
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Le TNH, Choi HJ, Jun HS. Ethanol Extract of Liriope platyphylla Root Attenuates Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice via Regulation of Lipogenesis and Lipid Uptake. Nutrients 2021; 13:3338. [PMID: 34684339 PMCID: PMC8538311 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common metabolic disorder that causes excess lipid accumulation in the liver and is the leading cause of end-stage liver disease. Liriope platyphylla is a medicinal herb that has long been used to treat cough, obesity, and diabetes. However, the effect of Liriope platyphylla on NAFLD has not been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Liriope platyphylla root ethanolic extract (LPE) on hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. Six-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD for 8 weeks and then treated with LPE (100 or 250 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage for another 8 weeks. Body weight gain and liver weight were significantly lower in the 250 mg/kg LPE-treated HFD group than in the vehicle-treated HFD group. Histological analysis of liver sections demonstrated that LPE treatment reduced lipid accumulation compared to the vehicle treatment. The serum total cholesterol, AST, and ALT levels significantly decreased in the LPE-treated HFD group compared to those in the vehicle-treated HFD group. The LPE significantly decreases the protein expression levels of SREBP1, ACC, p-ACC, FAS, and SCD1, which are involved in lipogenesis, and PPARγ, CD36/FAT, and FATP5, which are involved in fatty acid uptake, both in vivo and in vitro. Thus, LPE may attenuate HFD-induced NAFLD by decreasing lipid accumulation by inhibiting lipogenesis and fatty acid uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nu Huyen Le
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
| | - Ho-Jung Choi
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hee-Sook Jun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoe-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea; (T.N.H.L.); (H.-J.C.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Gachon Medical Research Institute, Gil Hospital, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea
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Mao D, Tian XY, Mao D, Hung SW, Wang CC, Lau CBS, Lee HM, Wong CK, Chow E, Ming X, Cao H, Ma RC, Chan PKS, Kong APS, Li JJX, Rutter GA, Tam WH, Chan JCN. A polysaccharide extract from the medicinal plant Maidong inhibits the IKK-NF-κB pathway and IL-1β-induced islet inflammation and increases insulin secretion. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12573-12587. [PMID: 32605924 PMCID: PMC7476719 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The herb dwarf lilyturf tuber (Maidong, Ophiopogonis Radix) is widely used in Chinese traditional medicine to manage diabetes and its complications. However, the role of Maidong polysaccharide extract (MPE) in pancreatic β-cell function is unclear. Here, we investigated whether MPE protects β-cell function and studied the underlying mechanisms. We treated db/db and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice with 800 or 400 mg/kg MPE or water for 4 weeks, followed by an oral glucose tolerance test. Pancreas and blood were collected for molecular analyses, and clonal MIN6 β-cells and primary islets from HFD-induced obese mice and normal chow diet-fed mice were used in additional analyses. In vivo, MPE both increased insulin secretion and reduced blood glucose in the db/db mice but increased only insulin secretion in the HFD-induced obese mice. MPE substantially increased the β-cell area in both models (3-fold and 2-fold, p < 0.01, for db/db and HFD mice, respectively). We observed reduced nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB in islets of MPE-treated db/db mice, coinciding with enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). In vitro, MPE potentiated GSIS and decreased interleukin 1β (IL-1β) secretion in MIN6 β-cells. Incubation of MIN6 cells with tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interferon-γ, and IL-1β amplified IL-1β secretion and inhibited GSIS. These effects were partially reversed with MPE or the IκB kinase β inhibitor PS1145, coinciding with reduced activation of p65 and p-IκB in the NF-κB pathway. We conclude that MPE may have potential for therapeutic development for β-cell protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Mao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Di Mao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Wan Hung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Heung Man Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Elaine Chow
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Phase 1 Clinical Trial Centre, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xing Ming
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huanyi Cao
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald C. Ma
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K. S. Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alice P. S. Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Joshua J. X. Li
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Guy A. Rutter
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nan Yang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wing Hung Tam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Juliana C. N. Chan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China,For correspondence: Juliana C. N. Chan,
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Lee Y, Park HS, Jeon JH, Park JY, Yang TJ. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of a medicinal herb Liriope Platyphylla (Asparagaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES 2019; 5:85-86. [PMID: 33366434 PMCID: PMC7720963 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1698327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Liriope platyphylla is herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the Asparagaceae family and widely used both as ornamental plant and herbal medicine. The complete chloroplast genome of L. platyphylla was 156,754 bp in length, which was composed of four distinct parts; a large single copy (LSC) of 85,118 bp, a small single copy (SSC) of 18,680 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) of 26,478 bp. A total of 130 genes including 83 protein-coding genes, 39 tRNA genes and 8 rRNA genes were identified. The phylogenetic tree showed that L. platyphylla has a close relationship with other Nolinoideae plants, especially with Maianthemum dilatatum and Nolina atopocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjeong Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seung Park
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hyeon Jeon
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Young Park
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Ryu SH, Park JW, Kang MJ, Choi HJ, Bae SJ, Choi Y, Kang HG, Kim KB, Kim S, Lim Y, Hwang DY. Metabolomics approach to serum biomarker for laxative effects of red Liriope platyphylla in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2019; 35:9. [PMID: 32257897 PMCID: PMC7081617 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-019-0009-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red Liriope platyphylla (RLP) is a known herbal medicine used in the treatment of some chronic diseases including constipation, neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes and obesity. To determine and characterize putative biomarkers that predict the laxative effects induced by RLP treatment, alteration of endogenous metabolites was measured in the serum of loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation rats after administration of RLP extract (EtRLP) using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral data. The urine volume and amounts, and weights and water contents of stools were significantly recovered in the Lop + EtRLP treated group as compared to the No group, whereas body weight and food intake maintained constant levels. Also, significant recoveries in the thickness of mucosa and muscle were detected in the colon of the Lop + EtRLP treated group. Furthermore, pattern recognition showed absolutely different clustering of the serum analysis parameters when comparing the Lop treated group and Lop + EtRLP treated group. Of the 33 endogenous metabolites, 7 amino acids (alanine, arginine, glutamate, glutamine, glycine, threonine and valine) and 8 endogenous metabolites (betaine, creatine, glucose, taurine, ethanol, lactate, glycerol and succinate) were dramatically increased in the Lop + EtRLP treated SD rats. These results provide the first evidence pertaining to metabolic changes in the constipation rats treated with Lop + EtRLP. Additionally, these findings correlate with changes observed in 15 metabolites during the laxative effects of EtRLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Sung Ha Ryu
- Analysis Research Team, R&D Center, GL Pharm Tech Corp, Gyeonggi-do, 13202 Republic of Korea.,4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Ji Won Park
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Mi Ju Kang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Su Ji Bae
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Yusang Choi
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
| | - Hyun Gu Kang
- 3Laboratory of Veterinary Theriogenology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 South Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- 4College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Chungnam, 330-714 South Korea
| | - Suhkmann Kim
- 5Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan, 609-735 South Korea
| | - Yong Lim
- 6Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Nursing and Healthcare Science, Dong-Eui University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- 1Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science / Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, 50 Cheonghak-ri, Samnangjin-eup Miryang-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 627-706 South Korea
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Spicatoside A derived from Liriope platyphylla root ethanol extract inhibits hepatitis E virus genotype 3 replication in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4397. [PMID: 30867434 PMCID: PMC6416393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the causative agent of hepatitis E in humans worldwide. Although hepatitis E is self-limiting without chronic infection development, HEV infection often leads to severe liver diseases causing high mortality in pregnant women in addition to chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of a Liriope platyphylla ethanol extract (LPE) on HEV replication. Interestingly, LPE suppressed replication of the genotype 3 HEV replicon. Sequential solvent fractionation revealed that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of LPE exerts the most potent inhibitory effects. With the aid of activity-guided fractionation and multi-step column chromatography, spicatoside A was subsequently isolated in the EA fraction of LPE and specifically shown to exert inhibitory effects on replication of the genotype 3 HEV replicon. In addition, spicatoside A interfered with replication of the HEV genotype 3 strain 47832c and expression of HEV ORF2 capsid proteins. Our findings clearly support the potential utility of spicatoside A as an effective anti-HEV agent.
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Effect of Seyoeum on Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease of High-Fat Diet-Fed C57BL/6 Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:4658543. [PMID: 29085434 PMCID: PMC5612514 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4658543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to evaluate the effect of Seyoeum (SYE), a novel herbal meal replacement, on insulin resistance and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in obese mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS SYE contained six kinds of herbal powder such as Coix lacryma-jobi, Oryza sativa, Sesamum indicum, Glycine max, Liriope platyphylla, and Dioscorea batatas. Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: normal chow (NC), HFD, SYE, and HFD plus SYE (HFD + SYE). The mice in groups other than NC were fed HFD for 9 weeks to induce obesity and then were fed each diet for 6 weeks. Clinical markers related to obesity, diabetes, and NAFLD were examined and gene expressions related to inflammation and insulin receptor were determined. RESULTS Compared with HFD group, body weight, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, total cholesterol, triglyceride, epididymal fat pad weight, liver weight, and inflammatory gene expression were significantly reduced in SYE group. Insulin receptor gene expression increased in SYE group. CONCLUSIONS Based on these results, we conclude that SYE improved obesity and insulin resistance in high-fat fed obese mice. Our findings suggest that SYE could be a beneficial meal replacement through these antiobesity and anti-insulin resistance effects.
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Tsai FJ, Ho TJ, Cheng CF, Liu X, Tsang H, Lin TH, Liao CC, Huang SM, Li JP, Lin CW, Lin JG, Lin JC, Lin CC, Liang WM, Lin YJ. Effect of Chinese herbal medicine on stroke patients with type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 200:31-44. [PMID: 28213110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D) include stroke, which is a cerebrovascular disturbance characterized by reduced blood flow in the brain, leading to death or physical disability. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has been widely used in ancient China for the treatment of diabetes and stroke by supplementing Qi and activating blood circulation. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the frequencies and patterns of CHM treatment for stroke patients with T2D and the outcomes of long-term use in Taiwan. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 3079 stroke patients (ICD-9-CM: 430-438) with T2D. We allocated 618 stroke patients, matched for age, gender, and T2D-to-stroke duration, to both CHM and non-CHM groups. Chi-square test, conditional multivariable logistic regression, Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test were used in this study. RESULTS The CHM group was characterized by more cases of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ulcer disease, hyperlipidemia, tobacco use, and higher income. The cumulative survival probability was higher in the CHM group (P<0.001, log rank test); after adjusting for comorbidities, income, and urbanization level, this group also exhibited a lower mortality hazard ratio (0.37, 95% confidence interval [0.25-0.55]). Shu-Jing-Huo-Xue-Tang, Xue-Fu-Zhu-Yu-Tang, and Du-Huo-Ji-Sheng-Tang; and Dan-Shen, Niu-Xi, and Yan-Hu-Suo represented the top three formulas and herbs, respectively. CONCLUSION The use of CHM as adjunctive therapy may improve the overall survival (OS) of stroke patients with T2D. The list of the comprehensive herbal medicines that they used might be useful in future large-scale, randomized clinical investigations of agent effectiveness, safety, and potential interactions with conventional treatments in stroke patients with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuu-Jen Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Beigang Hospital, Yunlin, Taiwan; Division of Chinese Medicine, Tainan Municipal An-Nan Hospital-China Medical University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Liu
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hsinyi Tsang
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ting-Hsu Lin
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Chu Liao
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Mei Huang
- Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Pi Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Rheumatism Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jaung-Geng Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chien Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Providence University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Miin Liang
- Graduate Institute of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Ju Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Genetic Center, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Ramalingam M, Kim SJ. Pharmacological Activities and Applications of Spicatoside A. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2016; 24:469-74. [PMID: 27169821 PMCID: PMC5012870 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2015.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-κB, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-1β, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-1β-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-1α-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Metabolic Diseases Research Laboratory, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Laxative effects of Liriope platyphylla are tightly correlated with suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress in loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. Lab Anim Res 2016; 32:16-23. [PMID: 27051439 PMCID: PMC4816993 DOI: 10.5625/lar.2016.32.1.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A dysfunction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response can result in various diseases, including cancer, inflammation, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate whether ER stress response can play an essential role in the induction and treatment of chronic constipation, alterations in the key parameters for ER stress were measured in loperamide (Lop) induced constipation Sprague Dawley (SD) rats treated with aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla (AEtLP), which has been shown to have a laxative effect. Symptoms of chronic constipation including alteration of stool parameters and the transverse colon's structure were successfully induced by Lop treatment. Laxative effects such as enhancement of stools parameters, recovery of the mucosa thickness, increased muscle thickness and recovery of flat luminal surface were also observed in the Lop+AEtLP treated group. Furthermore, enhancement of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) phosphorylation and inositol-requiring enzyme 1 beta (IRE1β) expression, key indicators for ER stress, that were observed in the Lop+vehicle treated group were significantly recovered in the Lop+AEtLP treated group, although the phosphorylation level of c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) remained constant. Moreover, alterations in the transcription level of the marker genes X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD34) were similar to those of eIF2α and IRE1β. However, their level was slightly or completely recovered after AEtLP treatment. Overall, this study provides the first evidence that ER stress response may be tightly correlated with chronic constipation induced by Lop treatment, as well as the laxative effects of AEtLP.
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Nam MH, Lee SW, Na HY, Yoo JH, Paik SH, Ahn KS, Ahn YM, Ahn SY, Choi SH, Lee BC. Herbal Acupuncture for the Treatment of Obesity. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2015; 9:49-57. [PMID: 27079225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the state of excessive body fat accumulation and is mainly caused by consuming more calories than are burned through physical activity. Herbal acupuncture (HA), also known as pharmacopuncture, has been increasingly used in clinics of Korean medical to alleviate obesity. This review analyzed four clinical studies and 16 animal studies on the effectiveness of HA as a treatment for obesity. Clinical evidence suggests that various kinds of HA might be beneficial for treating obesity; however, further investigations with well-designed, evidence-based, randomized clinical trials are needed. Animal studies support the idea that HA might be beneficial for the treatment of obesity and provide possible mechanisms, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidation, modulating lipid metabolism and so on, to explain the effect of HA on obesity. This review, based on the evidence collected, suggests that HA could have a beneficial effect for alleviating obesity by modulating inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, leptin, and the insulin signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ho Nam
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Wook Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Young Na
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun-Ho Paik
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Young Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Choi
- Department of Medicine Consilience, Dankook University, Yongin, South Korea.
| | - Byung-Cheol Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Choi SJ, Choi J, Jeon H, Bae SK, Ko J, Kim J, Yoon KD. Application of high-performance countercurrent chromatography for the isolation of steroidal saponins from Liriope plathyphylla. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:18-24. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jung Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Janggyoo Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Jeon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Kyung Bae
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Ko
- Materials Science Team, Medicinal Beauty Division, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Unit; Yongin Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Seoul National University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Dong Yoon
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea; Bucheon Republic of Korea
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Kim JE, Lee YJ, Kwak MH, Ko J, Hong JT, Hwang DY. Aqueous extracts of Liriope platyphylla induced significant laxative effects on loperamide-induced constipation of SD rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:333. [PMID: 24274470 PMCID: PMC4222752 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Liriope platyphylla has long been reported as a therapeutic drug for treatment of various human chronic diseases including inflammation, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, and atopic dermatitis. To investigate the laxative effects of L. platyphylla, alterations in excretion parameters, histological structure, mucin secretion, and related protein levels were investigated in rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after treatment with aqueous extract of L. platyphylla (AEtLP). Methods Alterations on constipation phenotypes were measured in rats with Lop-induced constipation after treatment with AEtLP using excretion parameter analysis, histological analysis, RT-PCR, western blot and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis. Results The amounts of stool and urine excretion were significantly higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, whereas food intake and water consumption were maintained at constant levels. AEtLP treatment also induced an increase in villus length, crypt layer, and muscle thickness in the constipation model. Total mucin secretion was higher in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group than in the Lop + vehicle-treated group, although mucin secretion per crypt was very similar among all groups. Furthermore, RT-PCR and western blot revealed a dramatic reduction of key factors level on the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) signaling pathway in the Lop + AEtLP-treated group relative to the Lop + vehicle-treated group. Especially, the accumulation of lipid droplets in enterocytes of crypts following Lop treatment was improved to the level of the No-treated group in response to AEtLP treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that AEtLP improves constipation induced by Lop treatment through an increase in crypt layer and stimulation of lipid droplet secretions. These data are the first to show that the laxative effects of AEtLP are closely related to the down-regulation of mAchRs and their downstream signals.
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