1
|
Cieplak M, Okoń S. Resistant or Susceptible? How Central European Oat ( A. sativa L.) Cultivars React to B. graminis f. sp. avenae Infection. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3825. [PMID: 38005722 PMCID: PMC10675455 DOI: 10.3390/plants12223825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In accordance with the postulates of integrated plant protection, the use of cultivars with genetically determined resistance is one of the main strategies for preventing losses caused by fungal pathogens. The development of breeding programs aimed at increasing resistance to pathogens should be preceded by a characterization of the resistance of cultivars grown in a given area. This allows us to determine the number of genes used in breeding and their effectiveness. It also allows us to estimate the pressure that the pathogen may exert on varieties with specific resistance genes. The presented work aimed to determine the level of resistance of oat varieties currently cultivated in Central Europe and the number of effective powdery mildew resistance genes currently used in oat breeding programs. The research showed that out of 46 varieties, only 5 were resistant to powdery mildew. Analysis of the infection profiles allowed us to postulate the presence of the Pm7 gene in four of them. In the Merlin variety from the Czech Republic, it was not possible to determine which of the previously described genes determines resistance to powdery mildew. Due to the observed climate changes and the rapid adaptation of pathogens to new environmental conditions, it is crucial to introduce a wider pool of genes that determine the pathogen resistance of cultivars.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylwia Okoń
- Institiute of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, University of Life Science in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sirotkin AV. The Effect of Dietary Oat Consumption and Its Constituents on Fat Storage and Obesity. Physiol Res 2023; 72:S157-S163. [PMID: 37565419 PMCID: PMC10660577 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is to summarize and analyze the currently available knowledge concerning the action of oat (Avena sativa L.) consumption on obesity, as well as possible constituents and extra- and intracellular mediators responsible for its anti-obesity effect. The oat constituents could reduce fat storage via several mediatory mechanisms - brain centers regulating appetite, gastrointestinal functions, gut bacteria, fat synthesis and metabolism and maybe via changes in oxidative processes, steroid hormones receptors and adipose tissue vascularization. Several oat constituents (starch, fiber and beta-glucan) could have anti-obesity properties, whilst one oat constituent (starch or fiber) could affect fat storage via several mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Sirotkin
- Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Darewicz M, Pliszka M, Borawska-Dziadkiewicz J, Minkiewicz P, Iwaniak A. Multi-Bioactivity of Protein Digests and Peptides from Oat ( Avena sativa L.) Kernels in the Prevention of the Cardiometabolic Syndrome. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227907. [PMID: 36432008 PMCID: PMC9695537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the digests and peptides derived from oat kernel proteins in terms of their major enzyme inhibitory activities related to the prevention of cardiometabolic syndrome. It also entailed the characteristics of antioxidant bioactivity of the analyzed material. The study was carried out using coupled in silico and in vitro methods. The additional goal was to investigate whether identified peptides can pervade Caco-2 cells. Based on the results of bioinformatic analysis, it was found that the selected oat proteins may be a potential source of 107 peptides with DPP-IV and/or ACE inhibitory and/or antioxidant activity. The duodenal digest of oat kernels revealed multiple activities. It inhibited the activities of the following enzymes: DPP-IV (IC50 = 0.51 vs. 10.82 mg/mL of the intact protein), α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.55 vs. 25.20 mg/mL), and ACE (IC50 = 0.82 vs. 34.52 mg/mL). The DPPH• scavenging activity was 35.7% vs. 7.93% that of the intact protein. After in silico digestion of oat proteins, 24 peptides were selected for identification using LC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Among them, 13 sequences were successfully identified. One of them, i.e., VW peptide, exhibited triple activities, i.e., DPP-IV and ACE inhibitory and DPPH• scavenging activity. The multifunctional peptides: PW, TF, VF, and VW, were identified in the basolateral samples after transport experiments. Both in silico and in vitro analyses demonstrated that oat kernel proteins were the abundant sources of bioactive digests and peptides to be used in a diet for patients suffering from cardiometabolic syndrome.
Collapse
|
4
|
Dammak M, Ben Hlima H, Smaoui S, Fendri I, Michaud P, Ayadi MA, Abdelkafi S. Conception of an environmental friendly O/W cosmetic emulsion from microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:73896-73909. [PMID: 35622292 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20824-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of eco-friendly cosmetic such as those from microalgae for skin regeneration and collagen synthesis has gained a great interest worldwide. Accordingly, the potential of microalgae biomass as source of anti-aging cosmetic cream with high antioxidant activity has been investigated. Stabilities and sensory characteristics of cosmetic creams supplemented with Spirulina, Tetraselmis sp. and Dunaliella sp. at 0.5, 1.5 and 2.5%, respectively, revealed a conservation of physico-chemical and preliminary stability properties of formulations. To analyze physico-chemical and textural parameters, accelerated stability study was evaluated under two thermal conditions (25 and 40 °C) during 90 days. Results showed that pH values of all formulations were within the limits of normal skin pH range under storage time at 25 and 40 °C. During this period, the colored creams showed a significant changes of a* and b* indices, reflecting the instability of microalgae colors. Microalgae modified the textural characteristics of emulsions. The Tetraselmis sp. containing-cream had the lowest (P < 0.05) values of hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness. The 0.5% Spirulina containing-cream had the best stable consistency and adhesiveness under time and temperature variations. It exhibited the best properties to be used for skin care products. Thanks to their high content in bioactive macromolecules, microalgae considerably improved the antioxidant activity of the new formulated skin creams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mouna Dammak
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mohamed Ali Ayadi
- Laboratory of Analysis Valorization and Food Safety, National Engineering School of Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, 3038, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sprouting and Hydrolysis as Biotechnological Tools for Development of Nutraceutical Ingredients from Oat Grain and Hull. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182769. [PMID: 36140899 PMCID: PMC9497932 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Oat consumption has increased during the last decade because of the health benefits associated with its soluble dietary fiber (β-glucan), functional proteins, lipids, and the presence of specific phytochemicals, such as avenanthramides. Oat is consumed mainly as whole grain, and the hull (seed coat), comprising 25–35% of the entire grain, is removed, generating a large amount of waste/by-product from the milling industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of biotechnological strategies, such as sprouting for oat grain (OG) and hydrolysis for oat hull (OH), to enhance antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and lower the glycemic index (GI). Sprouting produced significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in free (32.10 to 76.62 mg GAE (100 g)−1) and bound phenols (60.45 to 124.36 mg GAE (100 g)−1), increasing significantly (p ≤ 0.05) the avenanthramide (2c, 2p and 2f) soluble phenolic alkaloid content and anti-inflammatory properties of OG. On the other hand, the hydrolysis of OH using Viscoferm (EH2-OH) and Ultraflo XL (EH21-OH) increased by 4.5 and 5-fold the release of bound phenols, respectively; meanwhile, the use of Viscoferm increased the 4.55-fold soluble β-glucan content in OH, reaching values close to those of OG (4.04 vs. 4.46 g (100 g)−1). The study shows the potential of both strategies to enhance the nutritional and bioactive properties of OG and OH and describes these processes as feasible for the industry to obtain an ingredient with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Single or combined biotechnological tools can be used on oat grains and hulls to provide nutraceutical ingredients.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ben Hlima H, Farhat A, Akermi S, Khemakhem B, Ben Halima Y, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. In silico evidence of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease of oligosaccharides from Porphyridium sp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155580. [PMID: 35500710 PMCID: PMC9052773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has created an urgent need to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment. In this context, therapies against protease Mpro, a conserved viral target, would be essential to contain the spread of the virus and reduce mortality. Using combined techniques of structure modelling, in silico docking and pharmacokinetics prediction, many compounds from algae were tested for their ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and compared to the recent recognized drug Paxlovid. The screening of 27 algal molecules including 15 oligosaccharides derived from sulfated and non-sulphated polysaccharides, eight pigments and four poly unsaturated fatty acids showed high affinities to interact with the protein active site. Best candidates showing high docking scores in comparison with the reference molecule were sulfated tri-, tetra- and penta-saccharides from Porphyridium sp. exopolysaccharides (SEP). Structural and energetic analyses over 100 ns MD simulation demonstrated high SEP fragments-Mpro complex stability. Pharmacokinetics predictions revealed the prospects of the identified molecules as potential drug candidates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ameny Farhat
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Akermi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules of the Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Khemakhem
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Ben Halima
- RIADI Labs, National School of Computer Science, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bouteraa MT, Mishra A, Romdhane WB, Hsouna AB, Siddique KHM, Saad RB. Bio-Stimulating Effect of Natural Polysaccharides from Lobularia maritima on Durum Wheat Seedlings: Improved Plant Growth, Salt Stress Tolerance by Modulating Biochemical Responses and Ion Homeostasis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1991. [PMID: 35956469 PMCID: PMC9370194 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Bioactivities of polysaccharides derived from halophyte plants have gained attention in recent years. The use of biostimulants in agriculture is an innovative method of dealing with environmental stressors affecting plant growth and development. Here, we investigated the use of natural polysaccharides derived from the halophyte plant Lobularia maritima (PSLm) as a biostimulant in durum wheat seedlings under salt stress. Treatment with polysaccharide extract (0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL PSLm) stimulated in vitro wheat growth, including germination, shoot length, root length, and fresh weight. PSLm at 2 mg/mL provided tolerance to plants against NaCl stress with improved membrane stability and low electrolyte leakage, increased antioxidant activities (catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)), enhanced leaf chlorophyll fluorescence, proline, and total sugar contents, decreased lipid peroxidation (MDA), and reactive oxygen species (H2O2) levels, and coordinated the efflux and compartmentation of intracellular ions. The expression profile analyses of ten stress-related genes (NHX1, HKT1.4, SOS1, SOD, CAT, GA20-ox1, GA3-ox1, NRT1.1, NRT2.1, and GS) using RT-qPCR revealed the induction of several key genes in durum wheat growing in media supplemented with PSLm extract, even in unstressed conditions that could be related to the observed tolerance. This study revealed that PSLm extract contributes to salt tolerance in durum wheat seedlings, thereby enhancing their reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, and provided evidence for exploring PSLm as a plant biostimulant for sustainable and organic agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Taieb Bouteraa
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
| | - Avinash Mishra
- CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India;
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
- Departments of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Zarroug, Gafsa 2112, Tunisia
| | - Kadambot H. M. Siddique
- The UWA Institute of Agriculture, UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, B.P ‘1177’, Sfax 3018, Tunisia; (M.T.B.); (W.B.R.); (A.B.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tang Y, Li S, Yan J, Peng Y, Weng W, Yao X, Gao A, Cheng J, Ruan J, Xu B. Bioactive Components and Health Functions of Oat. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2029477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Shijuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing in Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Peng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Weng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Anjing Gao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Cheng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Ruan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guizhou, P. R. China
| | - Bingliang Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Havrlentová M, Šliková S, Gregusová V, Kovácsová B, Lančaričová A, Nemeček P, Hendrichová J, Hozlár P. The Influence of Artificial Fusarium Infection on Oat Grain Quality. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2108. [PMID: 34683429 PMCID: PMC8538375 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9102108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse environmental conditions, such as various biotic and abiotic stresses, are the primary reason for decreased crop productivity. Oat, as one of the world's major crops, is an important cereal in human nutrition. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of inoculation with two species of the genus Fusarium on the selected qualitative parameters of oat grain intended for the food industry. Artificial inoculation caused a statistically significant decrease in the content of starch, oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in oat grains compared to the control. Moreover, artificial inoculation had no statistically significant effect on the content of β-D-glucans, total dietary fiber, total lipids, palmitic, stearic, and cis-vaccenic acids. An increase in the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in oat grains was observed after inoculation. The most important indicator of Fusarium infection was the presence of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in the grain. The content of β-D-glucans, as a possible protective barrier in the cell wall, did not have a statistically significant effect on the inoculation manifestation in the grain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Havrlentová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Svetlana Šliková
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Veronika Gregusová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernadett Kovácsová
- Department of Biotechnologies, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia; (V.G.); (B.K.)
| | - Andrea Lančaričová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Nemeček
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Jana Hendrichová
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, 921 68 Piešťany, Slovakia; (S.Š.); (A.L.); (J.H.)
| | - Peter Hozlár
- National Agricultural and Food Centre, Research Institute of Plant Production in Piešťany, Research and Breeding Station at Vígľaš-Pstruša, 962 12 Pstruša, Slovakia;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Drira M, Ben Mohamed J, Ben Hlima H, Hentati F, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I. Improvement of Arabidopsis thaliana salt tolerance using a polysaccharidic extract from the brown algae Padina pavonica. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
11
|
Kouřimská L, Pokhrel K, Božik M, Tilami SK, Horčička P. Fat content and fatty acid profiles of recently registered varieties of naked and hulled oats with and without husks. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Capouchová I, Kouřimská L, Pazderů K, Škvorová P, Božik M, Konvalina P, Dvořák P, Dvořáček V. Fatty acid profile of new oat cultivars grown via organic and conventional farming. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Wheat and Oat Brans as Sources of Polyphenol Compounds for Development of Antioxidant Nutraceutical Ingredients. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010115. [PMID: 33430507 PMCID: PMC7828044 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bran, a byproduct still mainly used for animal feed, is receiving increased attention as potential ingredient for a healthier diet. The aim of this study was to characterize and evaluate the nutritional and antioxidant properties of wheat and oat bran in order to promote their use as nutraceutical ingredients in flour and/or other products. The effects of grain (wheat vs. oat) and milling fraction (whole grain vs. bran) on the phenolic profile (free vs. bound phenolics), antioxidant and nutrient profiles, and glycemic index were evaluated. Differences in antioxidant capacity through different methodologies between grain and bran were observed, supporting a higher in vitro antioxidant capacity of the whole grain than that of the refined flours, which lack the bran fraction. The highest RACI (Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index) corresponded to wheat bran bound fraction, which showed the highest concentration of ferulic acid and correlation with antioxidant parameters tested. The in vitro glycemic index of the bran fractions was reduced, as compared with grain, with lower values found for wheat. The results support the important benefits of the polyphenols linked to fiber and the importance to develop methods to increase bioavailability of these compounds, which would promote WB use as nutraceutical ingredient.
Collapse
|
14
|
Banaś K, Harasym J. Current Knowledge of Content and Composition of Oat Oil—Future Perspectives of Oat as Oil Source. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02535-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe oat oil composition is unique among cereals; however, the industrial exploitation of oat oil still needs more attention. The health claims authorized by the FDA and the EFSA have led to a significant increase in the industry’s interest in oats as an industrial crop. The current focus is put on the extraction of fibre/beta-glucan or oat proteins. In contrast, the fat present in oats and especially its functional components do not attract sufficient industrial attention. The paper presents a concise analysis of the current state of knowledge about the content and composition of oat oil (perceived as oil as product, not fat content) regarding oil extraction methods and analysis. The profound study suggests that oil separation should be obviously taken into account during oat fractionation for industrial products. Such an approach will be in agreement with sustainable management of natural resources and should be taken into account when planning full utilization of each plant crop.
Collapse
|
15
|
Darzian Rostami Z, Asghari A, Jahandideh A, Mortazavi P, Akbarzadeh A. Effect of Oat (Avena Sativa L.) Extract on Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats. ARCHIVES OF RAZI INSTITUTE 2020; 75:249-256. [PMID: 32621455 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2019.124805.1288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve disorders are the most common neurological problems; therefore, it is important to intervene to treat or stop the resulting side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oat extract on experimental sciatic nerve injury in rats. Totally, 50 adult male rats were divided into five groups (n=10). Group 1 was exposed to sham condition, and group 2 was regarded as the control group (nerve injury without treatment). Moreover, groups 3-5 were subjected to sciatic nerve injury, and they received oral gavages of the oat extract (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), respectively. Subsequently, 2 and 4 weeks later, the rats were euthanized for pathological evaluation of nerve repair. The results showed an increase in the formation of the perineurium and epineurium dose in the oat-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), compared to the control group after 2 weeks (P&lt;0.05). Furthermore, the presence of inflammatory cells in the oat extract-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) decreased, compared to that in the control group after 2 weeks (P&lt;0.05). In addition, the swelling of the axon significantly decreased in the oat extract-treated groups (200 and 400 mg/kg), compared to the control group (P&lt;0.05). However, the axon dose-dependently increased in oat-treated groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), compared to that in the control group after 4 weeks (P&lt;0.05). These results suggest that oat extract has positive effects on sciatic nerve repair in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Darzian Rostami
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Asghari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Jahandideh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - P Mortazavi
- Department of Pathobiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Akbarzadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Universal Scientific Education and Research Network, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hechmi S, Hamdi H, Mokni-Tlili S, Ghorbel M, Khelil MN, Zoghlami IR, Benzarti S, Jellali S, Hassen A, Jedidi N. Impact of urban sewage sludge on soil physico-chemical properties and phytotoxicity as influenced by soil texture and reuse conditions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2020; 49:973-986. [PMID: 33016480 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Urban sewage sludge (USS) is increasingly applied to agricultural soils, but mixed results have been reported because of variations in reuse conditions. Most field trials have been conducted in cropping systems, which conceal intrinsic soil responses to sludge amendments due to the rhizosphere effect and farming practices. Therefore, the current field study highlights long-term changes in bare soil properties in strict relationship with soil texture and USS dose. Two agricultural soils (loamy sand [LS] and sandy [S]) were amended annually with increasing sludge rates up to 120 t ha-1 yr-1 for 5 yr under unvegetated conditions. Outcomes showed a USS dose-dependent variation of all studied parameters in topsoil samples. Soil salinization was the most significant risk related to excessive USS doses. Total dissolved salts (TDS) in saturated paste extracts reached the highest concentrations of 37.2 and 43.1 g L-1 in S soil and LS soil, respectively, treated with 120 t USS ha-1 yr-1 . This was also reflected by electrical conductivity of the saturated paste extract (ECe ) exceeding 4,000 µS cm-1 in both treatments. As observed for TDS, fertility indicators and bioavailable metals varied with soil texture due to the greater retention capacity of LS soil owing to higher fine fraction content. Soil phytotoxicity was estimated by the seed germination index (GI) calculated for lettuce, alfalfa, oat, and durum wheat. The GI was species dependent, indicating different degrees of sensitivity or tolerance to increasing USS rates. Lettuce germination was significantly affected by changes in soil conditions showing negative correlations with ECe and soluble metals. In contrast, treatment with USS enhanced the GI of wheat, reflecting higher salinity tolerance and a positive effect of sludge on abiotic conditions that control germination in soil. Therefore, the choice of adapted plant species is the key factor for successful cropping trials in sludge-amended soils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Hechmi
- Water Research and Technology Center, Univ. of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Helmi Hamdi
- Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar Univ., P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sonia Mokni-Tlili
- Water Research and Technology Center, Univ. of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Manel Ghorbel
- Water Research and Technology Center, Univ. of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Naceur Khelil
- National Institute for Research in Rural Engineering, Water and Forestry, P.O. Box 10, Ariana, 2080, Tunisia
| | - Inès Rahma Zoghlami
- Water Research and Technology Center, Univ. of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
- Arid Regions Institute, Univ. of Gabès, Médenine, 4119, Tunisia
| | | | - Salah Jellali
- Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos Univ., P.O. Box 31, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdennaceur Hassen
- Water Research and Technology Center, Univ. of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| | - Naceur Jedidi
- Water Research and Technology Center, Univ. of Carthage, P.O. Box 273, Soliman, 8020, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang Z, Wang K, Aziz U, Zhao C, Zhang M. Evaluation of duplicated reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in genome unknown hexaploid oat ( Avena sativa L.). PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:138. [PMID: 33072174 PMCID: PMC7560290 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oat (Avena sativa L.), a hexaploid crop with unknown genome, has valuable nutritional, medicinal and pharmaceutical uses. However, no suitable RGs (reference genes) for qPCR (quantitative real-time PCR) has been documented for oat yet. Single-copy gene is often selected as RG, which is challengeable or impactable in unexplored polyploids. RESULTS In this study, eleven candidate RGs, including four duplicated genes, were selected from oat transcriptome. The stability and the optimal combination of these candidate RGs were assessed in 18 oat samples by using four statistical algorithms including the ΔCt method, geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. The most stable RGs for "all samples", "shoots and roots of seedlings", "developing seeds" and "developing endosperms" were EIF4A (Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A-3), UBC21 (Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme 21), EP (Expressed protein) and EIF4A respectively. Among these RGs, UBC21 was a four-copy duplicated gene. The reliability was validated by the expression patterns of four various genes normalized to the most and the least stable RGs in different sample sets. CONCLUSIONS Results provide a proof of concept that the duplicated RG is feasible for qPCR in polyploids. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic research on the optimal RGs for accurate qPCR normalization of gene expression in different organs and tissues of oat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Usman Aziz
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Cuizhu Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Halima NB. Analysis of glycoside hydrolases from oat (Avena sativa) seedling extract. Bioinformation 2019; 15:678-688. [PMID: 31787817 PMCID: PMC6859709 DOI: 10.6026/97320630015678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The abundance and the diversity of oligo- and polysaccharides provide a wide range of biological roles attributed either to these carbohydrates or to their relevant enzymes, i.e., the glycoside hydrolases (GHs). The biocatalysis by these families of enzymes is highly attractive for the generation of products used in potential applications, e.g., pharmaceuticals and food industries. It is thus very important to extract and characterize such enzymes, particularly from plant tissues. In this study, we characterized novel sequences of class I chitinases from seedlings extract of the common oat (Avena sativa L.) using proteomics and sequence-structure-function analysis. These enzymes, which belong to the GH19 family of protein, were extracted from oat and identified using SDS-PAGE, trypsin digestion, LC-MS-MS, and sequence-structure-function analysis. The amino acid sequences of the oat tryptic peptides were used to identify cDNAs from the Avena sativa databases of the expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA). Based upon the Avena sativa sequences of ESTs and TSA, at least 4 predicted genes that encoded oat class I chitinases were identified and reported. The structural characterization of the oat sequences of chitinases provided valuable insights to the context.
Collapse
|
19
|
Kim M, Mun JG, Lee HJ, Son SR, Lee MJ, Kee JY. Inhibitory Effect of Oat Bran Ethanol Extract on Survival and Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213829. [PMID: 31652886 PMCID: PMC6866133 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies in the world. Gemcitabine (Gem), a nucleoside pyrimidine analogue, is a first-line chemotherapeutic drug for PC, but the tumor response rate of Gem is very low and resistance to Gem has emerged as a major problem in the treatment of PC. Oat bran, used as animal and human food, has been found to be beneficial to health. In this study, effects of oat bran ethanol extract (OBE) on PC cells and Gem-resistant PC cells were investigated in vitro. OBE decreased cell survival and colony forming ability of PC cells, without any cytotoxicity on the normal pancreatic cells. Flow cytometry analysis and TUNEL assay showed that the OBE reduced G1/S phase transition and induced death in PC cells through AMPK activation and downregulation of JNK. Additionally, OBE could overcome Gem resistance through reduction in RRM1/2 expression and showed synergistic effect by combinatorial treatment with Gem on Gem-resistant PC cells. Additionally, LC-MS data showed that avenacoside A was a component of OBE. Thus, this study elucidated the anti-proliferative effect of OBE and synergistic effect of OBE with Gem on PC cells and Gem-resistant cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Myoungjae Kim
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Geon Mun
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jin Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Crop Foundation Research Division, 181 Hyeoksinro, Isomyeon, Wanjugun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea.
| | - So-Ri Son
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea.
| | - Mi-Ja Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Crop Foundation Research Division, 181 Hyeoksinro, Isomyeon, Wanjugun, Jeonbuk 55365, Korea.
| | - Ji-Ye Kee
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Carlson MO, Montilla-Bascon G, Hoekenga OA, Tinker NA, Poland J, Baseggio M, Sorrells ME, Jannink JL, Gore MA, Yeats TH. Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Analyses Reveal the Genetic Basis of Seed Fatty Acid Composition in Oat ( Avena sativa L.). G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:2963-2975. [PMID: 31296616 PMCID: PMC6723141 DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) has a high concentration of oils, comprised primarily of healthful unsaturated oleic and linoleic fatty acids. To accelerate oat plant breeding efforts, we sought to identify loci associated with variation in fatty acid composition, defined as the types and quantities of fatty acids. We genotyped a panel of 500 oat cultivars with genotyping-by-sequencing and measured the concentrations of ten fatty acids in these oat cultivars grown in two environments. Measurements of individual fatty acids were highly correlated across samples, consistent with fatty acids participating in shared biosynthetic pathways. We leveraged these phenotypic correlations in two multivariate genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches. In the first analysis, we fitted a multivariate linear mixed model for all ten fatty acids simultaneously while accounting for population structure and relatedness among cultivars. In the second, we performed a univariate association test for each principal component (PC) derived from a singular value decomposition of the phenotypic data matrix. To aid interpretation of results from the multivariate analyses, we also conducted univariate association tests for each trait. The multivariate mixed model approach yielded 148 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at a 10% false-discovery rate, compared to 129 and 73 significant SNPs in the PC and univariate analyses, respectively. Thus, explicit modeling of the correlation structure between fatty acids in a multivariate framework enabled identification of loci associated with variation in seed fatty acid concentration that were not detected in the univariate analyses. Ultimately, a detailed characterization of the loci underlying fatty acid variation can be used to enhance the nutritional profile of oats through breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryn O Carlson
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | | | - Nicholas A Tinker
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jesse Poland
- Wheat Genetics Resource Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, and
| | - Matheus Baseggio
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Mark E Sorrells
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jean-Luc Jannink
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
- R.W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Michael A Gore
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Trevor H Yeats
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ben Halima N. New insights into phospholipases in oat (Avena sativa) from bioinformatic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 133:804-810. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
22
|
Multari S, Marsol-Vall A, Heponiemi P, Suomela JP, Yang B. Changes in the volatile profile, fatty acid composition and other markers of lipid oxidation of six different vegetable oils during short-term deep-frying. Food Res Int 2019; 122:318-329. [PMID: 31229085 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Oil deterioration during deep-frying influences the quality of fried foods to a great extent. In this study, the frying performance of six vegetable oils, i.e., hemp, lupin, oat, rapeseed, soy, and sunflower, was evaluated following short-term (60 min) deep-frying of French fries at 180 °C. The frying oils were investigated for fatty acid profile, volatile compound composition, and parameters of oxidative stability, such as iodine, peroxide, and p-anisidine values. The examination showed that the content of ƩPUFA in hemp oil decreased significantly (p < 0.05) after 60 min of deep-frying, although the degree of change was relatively small (close to 1.5%). Similarly, soy oil presented a fatty acid profile prone to oxidation, and generated the highest level of peroxides at the end of the thermal treatment (PV = 16.6 ± 2.3 mEq O2 kg-1). As for the volatile compound composition of the oils, sunflower oil was extensively affected by the deep-frying treatment with a significant decrease (p > 0.05) in total terpenes, accompanied by a considerable rise in total aldehydes. Oppositely, the proportions of MUFA and PUFA of lupin and oat oils remained stable (p > 0.05) during the short-term deep-frying, indicating high stability of these oils. The research provided new data for evaluating the suitability of these oils for household food preparations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Multari
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Alexis Marsol-Vall
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Paulina Heponiemi
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Suomela
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland..
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Prediction and analysis of GH14 family β-amylases in oat seedling extract: Structure and function insights using in silico approaches. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 125:361-369. [PMID: 30528996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa L.) seedling extract exhibited a high degree of catalytic activities. Bioinformatics were used to identify β-amylases as abundant enzymes in the oat seedling extract. These identified oat enzymes are a member of the GH14 family. Proteins in the Avena sativa seedling extract were separated by SDS-PAGE and 2 major protein bands with an apparent molecular weights of 53 and 42 kDa were the subject of this study. These materials were digested with trypsin and the amino acid sequences of the tryptic peptides were determined by LC/ESI/MS/MS and database searches. These sequences were used to identify cDNAs from expressed sequence tags (EST) and Transcriptome Shotgun Assembly (TSA) of Avena sativa. Based upon EST and TSA sequences, at least 6 predicted different sequences were identified and assigned as β-amylases. Insights into structural characterization of the oat predicted β-amylases were analyzed using in silico approaches. The identified β-amylases conserved the two Glu residues assigned as the "putative" catalytic residues, which would act as an acid and base pair in the catalytic process. A similar core (β/α)8-barrel architecture was found in the predicted oat β-amylases with a specific location of the active site in a pocket-like cavity structure made at one end of this core (β/α)8-barrel domain. This suggests an accessibility of the non-reducing end of the substrate towards the oat β-amylases and thus confirming that are exo-acting hydrolases. The results provide a detailed view of the main residues involved in catalysis in this kind of enzyme.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kouřimská L, Sabolová M, Horčička P, Rys S, Božik M. Lipid content, fatty acid profile, and nutritional value of new oat cultivars. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
25
|
Biological Activities, Health Benefits, and Therapeutic Properties of Avenanthramides: From Skin Protection to Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:6015351. [PMID: 30245775 PMCID: PMC6126071 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6015351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oat (Avena sativa) is a cereal known since antiquity as a useful grain with abundant nutritional and health benefits. It contains distinct molecular components with high antioxidant activity, such as tocopherols, tocotrienols, and flavanoids. In addition, it is a unique source of avenanthramides, phenolic amides containing anthranilic acid and hydroxycinnamic acid moieties, and endowed with major beneficial health properties because of their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects. In this review, we report on the biological activities of avenanthramides and their derivatives, including analogs produced in recombinant yeast, with a major focus on the therapeutic potential of these secondary metabolites in the treatment of aging-related human diseases. Moreover, we also present recent advances pointing to avenanthramides as interesting therapeutic candidates for the treatment of cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) disease, a major cerebrovascular disorder affecting up to 0.5% of the human population. Finally, we highlight the potential of foodomics and redox proteomics approaches in outlining distinctive molecular pathways and redox protein modifications associated with avenanthramide bioactivities in promoting human health and contrasting the onset and progression of various pathologies. The paper is dedicated to the memory of Adelia Frison.
Collapse
|
26
|
Multari S, Pihlava JM, Ollennu-Chuasam P, Hietaniemi V, Yang B, Suomela JP. Identification and Quantification of Avenanthramides and Free and Bound Phenolic Acids in Eight Cultivars of Husked Oat ( Avena sativa L) from Finland. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:2900-2908. [PMID: 29478323 PMCID: PMC6150692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Finland is the second largest oat producer in Europe. Despite the existing knowledge of phenolics in oat, there is little information on the phenolic composition of oats from Finland. The aim of the study was to investigate the concentrations of free and bound phenolic acids, as well as avenanthramides in eight Finnish cultivars of husked oat ( Avena sativa L.). Seven phenolic acids and one phenolic aldehyde were identified, including, in decreasing order of abundance: p-coumaric, ferulic, cinnamic, syringic, vanillic, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic, and o-coumaric acids and syringaldehyde. Phenolic acids were mostly found as bound compounds. Significant varietal differences ( p < 0.05) were observed in the cumulative content of phenolic acids, with the lowest level found in cv. 'Viviana' (1202 ± 52.9 mg kg-1) and the highest in cv. 'Akseli' (1687 ± 80.2 mg kg-1). Avenanthramides (AVNs) 2a, 2p, and 2f were the most abundant. Total AVNs levels ranged from 26.7 ± 1.44 to 185 ± 12.5 mg kg-1 in cv. 'Avetron' and 'Viviana', respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Multari
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Priscilla Ollennu-Chuasam
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Veli Hietaniemi
- Natural Resources Institute
Finland (Luke), FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jukka-Pekka Suomela
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|