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Li T, Li C, Wang W, Wu H, Wu H, Xu J, Xiang W. Reconstruction of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Acid Synthesis Pathways in Marine Red Microalga Porphyridium cruentum Using Lipidomics and Transcriptomics. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:82. [PMID: 38393053 PMCID: PMC10890038 DOI: 10.3390/md22020082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The marine red microalga Porphyridium can simultaneously synthesize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5, EPA) and arachidonic acid (C20:4, ARA). However, the distribution and synthesis pathways of EPA and ARA in Porphyridium are not clearly understood. In this study, Porphyridium cruentum CCALA 415 was cultured in nitrogen-replete and nitrogen-limited conditions. Fatty acid content determination, transcriptomic, and lipidomic analyses were used to investigate the synthesis of ARA and EPA. The results show that membrane lipids were the main components of lipids, while storage lipids were present in a small proportion in CCALA 415. Nitrogen limitation enhanced the synthesis of storage lipids and ω6 fatty acids while inhibiting the synthesis of membrane lipids and ω3 fatty acids. A total of 217 glycerolipid molecular species were identified, and the most abundant species included monogalactosyldiglyceride (C16:0/C20:5) (MGDG) and phosphatidylcholine (C16:0/C20:4) (PC). ARA was mainly distributed in PC, and EPA was mainly distributed in MGDG. Among all the fatty acid desaturases (FADs), the expressions of Δ5FAD, Δ6FAD, Δ9FAD, and Δ12FAD were up-regulated, whereas those of Δ15FAD and Δ17FAD were down-regulated. Based on these results, only a small proportion of EPA was synthesized through the ω3 pathway, while the majority of EPA was synthesized through the ω6 pathway. ARA synthesized in the ER was likely shuttled into the chloroplast by DAG and was converted into EPA by Δ17FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Chulin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Weinan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Hualian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Houbo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (H.W.)
| | - Jin Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-Resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China; (T.L.); (C.L.); (W.W.); (H.W.); (H.W.)
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Ruiz-Dávila CE, Solís-Andrade KI, Olvera-Sosa M, Palestino G, Rosales-Mendoza S. Core-shell chitosan/ Porphyridium-exopolysaccharide microgels: Synthesis, properties, and biological evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 246:125655. [PMID: 37399864 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Advanced materials used in the biomedicine field comprises a diverse group of organic molecules, including polymers, polysaccharides, and proteins. A significant trend in this area is the design of new micro/nano gels whose small size, physical stability, biocompatibility, and bioactivity could lead to new applications. Herein a new synthesis route is described to obtain core-shell microgels based on chitosan and Porphyridium exopolysaccharides (EPS) crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP). First, the synthesis of EPS-chitosan gels through ionic interactions was explored, leading to the formation of unstable gels. Alternatively, the use of TTP as crosslinker agent led to stable core-shell structures. The influence of reaction temperature, sonication time, and exopolysaccharide concentration, pH and TPP concentration were determined as a function of particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). The obtained EPS-chitosan gels were characterized by TEM, TGA, and FTIR; followed by the assessment of protein load capacity, stability upon freezing, cytotoxicity, and mucoadhesivity. Experimentation revealed that the core-shell particles size ranges 100-300 nm, have a 52 % loading capacity for BSA and a < 90 % mucoadhesivity, and no toxic effects in mammalian cell cultures. The potential application of the obtained microgels in the biomedical field is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Elizabeth Ruiz-Dávila
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Karla Ivón Solís-Andrade
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Miguel Olvera-Sosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, Mexico; División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C. (IPICYT), Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Lomas 4a Sección, San Luis Potosí C.P. 78216, SLP, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Palestino
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP 78210, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina (CICSaB), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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Ben Hlima H, Farhat A, Akermi S, Khemakhem B, Ben Halima Y, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. In silico evidence of antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 main protease of oligosaccharides from Porphyridium sp. Sci Total Environ 2022; 836:155580. [PMID: 35500710 PMCID: PMC9052773 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has created an urgent need to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment. In this context, therapies against protease Mpro, a conserved viral target, would be essential to contain the spread of the virus and reduce mortality. Using combined techniques of structure modelling, in silico docking and pharmacokinetics prediction, many compounds from algae were tested for their ability to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 main protease and compared to the recent recognized drug Paxlovid. The screening of 27 algal molecules including 15 oligosaccharides derived from sulfated and non-sulphated polysaccharides, eight pigments and four poly unsaturated fatty acids showed high affinities to interact with the protein active site. Best candidates showing high docking scores in comparison with the reference molecule were sulfated tri-, tetra- and penta-saccharides from Porphyridium sp. exopolysaccharides (SEP). Structural and energetic analyses over 100 ns MD simulation demonstrated high SEP fragments-Mpro complex stability. Pharmacokinetics predictions revealed the prospects of the identified molecules as potential drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ameny Farhat
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sarra Akermi
- Laboratory of Microorganisms and Biomolecules of the Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Bassem Khemakhem
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Youssef Ben Halima
- RIADI Labs, National School of Computer Science, Manouba University, Manouba, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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Ben Hlima H, Smaoui S, Barkallah M, Elhadef K, Tounsi L, Michaud P, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S. Sulfated exopolysaccharides from Porphyridium cruentum: A useful strategy to extend the shelf life of minced beef meat. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1215-1225. [PMID: 34717983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated exopolysaccharides (EPS) from Porphyridium cruentum strain were extracted and their antioxidant and anti-bacterial potentials were evaluated based on DPPH free radical, ABTS•+ radical cation and DNA nicking assays, and against four foodborne pathogenic bacteria, respectively. They showed also interesting functional, foaming and emulsion properties. Moreover, microbiological and chemical effects of EPS at 0.5, 1 and 2% on refrigerated minced beef meat were undertaken. Chemical analyses revealed that the treated meat underwent significant decrease (P < 0.05) of primary and secondary lipid oxidation. By the end of the storage period, exopolysaccharides at 2% reduced the metmyoglobin and carbonyl group accumulation compared to control samples and were more efficient (P < 0.05) against microflora proliferation. Furthermore, two multivariate exploratory techniques namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were applied successfully to all obtained data describing the main characteristics attributed to refrigerated meat samples. Overall, these findings indicated that EPS from P. cruentum are worthy being developed as functional and bioactive components for the meat industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Barkallah
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Elhadef
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, Road of Sidi Mansour Km 6, P. O. Box 1177, 3018, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Latifa Tounsi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie des Plantes Appliquée à l'Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et de Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax 3038, Tunisia.
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Drira M, Elleuch J, Ben Hlima H, Hentati F, Gardarin C, Rihouey C, Le Cerf D, Michaud P, Abdelkafi S, Fendri I. Optimization of Exopolysaccharides Production by Porphyridium sordidum and Their Potential to Induce Defense Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana against Fusarium oxysporum. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020282. [PMID: 33672873 PMCID: PMC7918794 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from marine algae are one novel source of plant defense elicitors for alternative and eco-friendly plant protection against phytopathogens. The effect of exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced by Porphyridium sordidum on elicitation of Arabidopsis thaliana defense responses against Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated. Firstly, in order to enhance EPS production, a Box-Behnken experimental design was carried out to optimize NaCl, NaNO3 and MgSO4 concentrations in the culture medium of microalgae. A maximum EPS production (2.45 g/L) higher than that of the control (0.7 g/L) was observed for 41.62 g/L NaCl, 0.63 g/L NaNO3 and 7.2 g/L MgSO4 concentrations. Structurally, the EPS contained mainly galactose, xylose and glucose. Secondly, the elicitor effect of EPS was evaluated by investigating the plant defense-related signaling pathways that include activation of Salicylic or Jasmonic Acid-dependent pathway genes. A solution of 2 mg/mL of EPS has led to the control of fungal growth by the plant. Results showed that EPS foliar application induced phenylalaline ammonia lyase and H2O2 accumulation. Expression profile analysis of the defense-related genes using qRT-PCR revealed the up-regulation of Superoxide dismutases (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1) and Cytochrome P450 monooxyge-nase (CYP), while Catalase (CAT) and Plant defensin 1.2 (PDF1.2) were not induced. Results suggest that EPS may induce the elicitation of A. thaliana's defense response against F. oxysporum, activating the Salicylic Acid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Drira
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;
| | - Jihen Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Hajer Ben Hlima
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Faiez Hentati
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Didier Le Cerf
- Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000 Rouen, France; (C.R.); (D.L.C.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.F.)
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Laboratoire de Génie Enzymatique et Microbiologie, Equipe de Biotechnologie des Algues, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia; (J.E.); (H.B.H.); (F.H.); (S.A.)
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies des Plantes Appliquées à l’Amélioration des Cultures, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia;
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (I.F.)
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Li T, Xu J, Wu H, Jiang P, Chen Z, Xiang W. Growth and Biochemical Composition of Porphyridium purpureum SCS-02 under Different Nitrogen Concentrations. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17020124. [PMID: 30791567 PMCID: PMC6410139 DOI: 10.3390/md17020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microalgae of the genus Porphyridium show great potential for large-scale commercial cultivation, as they accumulate large quantities of B-phycoerythrin (B-PE), long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) and exopolysaccharide (EPS). The present study aimed to adjust culture nitrogen concentrations to produce Porphyridium biomass rich in B-PE, LC-PUFAs and EPS. Porphyridium purpureum SCS-02 was cultured in ASW culture medium with low nitrogen supply (LN, 3.5 mM), medium nitrogen supply (MN, 5.9 mM) or high nitrogen supply (HN, 17.6 mM). HN significantly enhanced the accumulation of biomass, intracellular protein, B-PE and eicosapentaenoic acid. LN increased the intracellular carbohydrate and arachidonic acid content, and promoted the secretion of EPS. The total lipids content was almost unaffected by nitrogen concentration. Based on these results, a semi-continuous two-step process was proposed, which included the production of biomass rich in B-PE and LC-PUFAs with sufficient nitrogen, and induced EPS excretion with limited nitrogen and strong light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Jin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Houbo Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Peiliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zishuo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Wenzhou Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Marine Materia Medica, Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, RNAM Center for Marine Microbiology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China.
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Gaignard C, Gargouch N, Dubessay P, Delattre C, Pierre G, Laroche C, Fendri I, Abdelkafi S, Michaud P. New horizons in culture and valorization of red microalgae. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 37:193-222. [PMID: 30500354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Research on marine microalgae has been abundantly published and patented these last years leading to the production and/or the characterization of some biomolecules such as pigments, proteins, enzymes, biofuels, polyunsaturated fatty acids, enzymes and hydrocolloids. This literature focusing on metabolic pathways, structural characterization of biomolecules, taxonomy, optimization of culture conditions, biorefinery and downstream process is often optimistic considering the valorization of these biocompounds. However, the accumulation of knowledge associated with the development of processes and technologies for biomass production and its treatment has sometimes led to success in the commercial arena. In the history of the microalgae market, red marine microalgae are well positioned particularly for applications in the field of high value pigment and hydrocolloid productions. This review aims to establish the state of the art of the diversity of red marine microalgae, the advances in characterization of their metabolites and the developments of bioprocesses to produce this biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Gaignard
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Nesrine Gargouch
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées à l'amélioration des cultures, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Dubessay
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Cedric Delattre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Guillaume Pierre
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Celine Laroche
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Imen Fendri
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales appliquées à l'amélioration des cultures, Life Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Abdelkafi
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Michaud
- CNRS, SIGMA Clermont, Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
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Coward T, Fuentes-Grünewald C, Silkina A, Oatley-Radcliffe DL, Llewellyn G, Lovitt RW. Utilising light-emitting diodes of specific narrow wavelengths for the optimization and co-production of multiple high-value compounds in Porphyridium purpureum. Bioresour Technol 2016; 221:607-615. [PMID: 27693726 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of specific narrow light-emitting diode (LED) wavelengths (red, green, blue) and a combination of LED wavelengths (red, green and blue - RGB) on biomass composition produced by Porphyridium purpureum is studied. Phycobiliprotein, fatty acids, exopolysaccharides, pigment content, and the main macromolecules composition were analysed to determine the effect of wavelength on multiple compounds of commercial interest. The results demonstrate that green light plays a significant role in the growth of rhodophyta, due to phycobiliproteins being able to harvest green wavelengths where chlorophyll pigments absorb poorly. However, under multi-chromatic LED wavelengths, P. purpureum biomass accumulated the highest yield of valuable products such as eicosapentaenoic acid (∼2.9% DW), zeaxanthin (∼586μgg-1DW), β-carotene (397μgg-1DW), exopolysaccharides (2.05g/L-1), and phycobiliproteins (∼4.8% DW). This increased accumulation is likely to be the combination of both photo-adaption and photo-protection, under the combined specific wavelengths employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thea Coward
- Centre for Complex Fluids Processing (CCFP), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Claudio Fuentes-Grünewald
- Centre for Complex Fluids Processing (CCFP), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
| | - Alla Silkina
- Centre for Sustainable Aquatic Research (CSAR), Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Darren L Oatley-Radcliffe
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth Llewellyn
- EPSRC UK National Mass Spectrometry Facility, Grove Building, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Robert W Lovitt
- Centre for Complex Fluids Processing (CCFP), College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, United Kingdom
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Soanen N, Da Silva E, Gardarin C, Michaud P, Laroche C. Improvement of exopolysaccharide production by Porphyridium marinum. Bioresour Technol 2016; 213:231-238. [PMID: 26944455 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
With the aim to optimize the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by Porphyridium marinum, cultures in photobioreactors were conducted on a modified Provasoli medium (P) and compared to a new medium (Pm) with an elemental composition of N0.0205S0.0597P0.005. Cultivation on this medium allowed the increase of EPS concentration up to 2.5gL(-1), without modification of the EPS productivity (0.096gL(-1)) and EPS structure. In a second time, photosynthetic activity of the strain was monitored as a function of irradiance and temperature, allowing improvement of kinetic parameters of growth and EPS production. A semi-continuous culture, carried out with the Pm medium, an optimal irradiance and temperature of respectively 360μmolphotonsm(-2)s(-1) and 28°C led to an EPS process productivity of 0.031gh(-1) instead of 0.020gh(-1) in batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastasia Soanen
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, axe GePEB, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60206, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière CEDEX, France
| | - Elise Da Silva
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, axe GePEB, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60206, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière CEDEX, France
| | - Christine Gardarin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, axe GePEB, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60206, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, axe GePEB, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60206, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière CEDEX, France
| | - Céline Laroche
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut Pascal UMR CNRS 6602, axe GePEB, 2 Avenue Blaise Pascal, TSA 60206, CS 60026, 63178 Aubière CEDEX, France.
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Kavitha MD, Kathiresan S, Bhattacharya S, Sarada R. Culture media optimization of Porphyridium purpureum: production potential of biomass, total lipids, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acid. J Food Sci Technol 2016; 53:2270-8. [PMID: 27407193 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-016-2185-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Porphyridium purpureum a red marine microalga is known for phycobiliproteins (PB), polyunsaturated fatty acids and sulphated exopolysaccharides. In the present study, effects of media constituents for the production of different polyunsaturated fatty acids from P. purpureum were considered using a response surface methodology (RSM). A second order polynomial was used to predict the response functions in terms of the independent variables such as the concentrations of sodium chloride, magnesium sulphate, sodium nitrate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The response functions were production of biomass yield, total lipid and polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid (AA 20:4) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5). Results corroborated that maximum Biomass (0.95 gL(-1)) yield was at the concentrations of sodium chloride (14.89 gL(-1)), magnesium sulfate (3.93 gL(-1)) and sodium nitrate (0.96 gL(-1)) and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.09 gL(-1)). Optimum total lipid (17.9 % w/w) and EPA (34.6 % w/w) content was at the concentrations of sodium chloride (29.98 gL(-1)), magnesium sulfate (9.34 gL(-1)) and sodium nitrate (1.86 gL(-1)). Variation in concentration of potassium dihydrogen phosphate for both lipid (0.01gL(-1)) and EPA content (0.20 gL(-1)) was observed. The optimum conditions for biomass, total lipid, AA and EPA varied indicating their batch mode of growth and interaction effect of the salt.
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Perrineau MM, Price DC, Mohr G, Bhattacharya D. Recent mobility of plastid encoded group II introns and twintrons in five strains of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1017. [PMID: 26157604 PMCID: PMC4476101 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Group II introns are closely linked to eukaryote evolution because nuclear spliceosomal introns and the small RNAs associated with the spliceosome are thought to trace their ancient origins to these mobile elements. Therefore, elucidating how group II introns move, and how they lose mobility can potentially shed light on fundamental aspects of eukaryote biology. To this end, we studied five strains of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium purpureum that surprisingly contain 42 group II introns in their plastid genomes. We focused on a subset of these introns that encode mobility-conferring intron-encoded proteins (IEPs) and found them to be distributed among the strains in a lineage-specific manner. The reverse transcriptase and maturase domains were present in all lineages but the DNA endonuclease domain was deleted in vertically inherited introns, demonstrating a key step in the loss of mobility. P. purpureum plastid intron RNAs had a classic group IIB secondary structure despite variability in the DIII and DVI domains. We report for the first time the presence of twintrons (introns-within-introns, derived from the same mobile element) in Rhodophyta. The P. purpureum IEPs and their mobile introns provide a valuable model for the study of mobile retroelements in eukaryotes and offer promise for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Mathilde Perrineau
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Dana C. Price
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Georg Mohr
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Debashish Bhattacharya
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Dickson DMJ, Kirst GO. OSMOTIC ADJUSTMENT IN MARINE EUKARYOTIC ALGAE: THE ROLE OF INORGANIC IONS, QUATERNARY AMMONIUM, TERTIARY SULPHONIUM AND CARBOHYDRATE SOLUTES: I. DIATOMS AND A RHODOPHYTE. New Phytol 1987; 106:645-655. [PMID: 33874080 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The unicellular marine algae, Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin, Cyclotella cryptica Reimann and Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing (Bacillariophyceae) and Porphyridium aerugineum Geitler (Rhodophyceae) synthesized and accumulated glycine betaine and proline in response to increases of the NaCl concentration (150 to 1000 mol m-3 NaCl) of the growth medium. C. cryptica and C. meneghiniana also synthesized and accumulated homarine (N-methyl picolinic acid betaine). Both P. tricornutum and P. aerugineum synthesized increasing amounts of intracellular glycerol and P. aerugineum also formed the heteroside, floridoside [O-α-D-galactopyranosyl (1 → 2)-glycerol], in response to the elevated salinities. No major low molecular weight carbohydrates were found in Cyclotella. Sucrose was not detected in the algal extracts. Only P. tricornutum synthesized the tertiary sulphonium compound, β-dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), and the quantity of this solute in the alga was dependent on the amount of NaCl in the medium. Intracellular K+ concentrations in the algae were three to six times greater than those of Na+ . Increases of the salinity of the media led to the uptake and accumulation of K+ by the cells, and smaller increases of Na+ and Cl-1 and loss of intracellular NO3 - . The inorganic cations Na+ and K+ , with their accompanying anions, and the estimated organic solutes could largely account for the osmotic balance of P. tricornutum and P. aerugineum.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M J Dickson
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Biologie, NW2, Leobenerstrasse, D-2800 Bremen 33, Federal Republic of Germany
| | - G O Kirst
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Biologie, NW2, Leobenerstrasse, D-2800 Bremen 33, Federal Republic of Germany
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