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Weerapol Y, Jarerattanachat V, Limmatvapirat S, Limmatvapirat C, Manmuan S, Tubtimsri S. Unveiling the Molecular Dynamics, Anticancer Activity, and Stability of Spearmint Oil Nanoemulsions with Triglycerides. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3151-3162. [PMID: 38804164 PMCID: PMC11220747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Although spearmint oil (SMO) has various pharmacological properties, especially for cancer treatment, its low water solubility results in poor bioavailability. This limits its application as a medicine. One possible solution is to the use of SMO in the form of nanoemulsion, which has already been shown to have anticancer effects. However, the mechanism of SMO nanoemulsion formation remains unclear. The objective of this study was to use molecular dynamics (MD) for clarifying the formation of SMO nanoemulsion with triglycerides (trilaurin, tripalmitin, and triolein) and Cremophor RH40 (PCO40). Nanoemulsions with different SMO:triglyceride ratios and triglyceride types were prepared and analyzed for anticancer activity, droplet size, droplet morphology, and stability. Despite switching the type of carrier oil, SMO nanoemulsions retained strong anticancer effects. A ratio of 80SMO:20triglycerides produced the smallest droplets (<100 nm) and exhibited excellent physical stability after a temperature cycling test. MD simulations showed that polyoxyethylenes of PCO40 are located at the water interface, stabilizing the emulsion structure in an egglike layer. Droplet size correlated with triglyceride concentration, which was consistent with the experimental findings. Decreasing triglyceride content, except for the 90SMO:10triglyceride ratio, led to a decrease in droplet sizes. Hydrogen bond analysis identified interactions between triglyceride-PCO40 and carvone-PCO40. Geometry analysis showed PCO40 had an "L-like" shape, which maximizes the hydrophilic interfaces. These findings highlight the value of MD simulations in understanding the formation mechanism of SMO and triglyceride nanoemulsions. In addition, it might also be beneficial to use MD simulations before the experiment to select the potential composition for nanoemulsions, especially essential oil nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotsanan Weerapol
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Viwan Jarerattanachat
- NSTDA
Supercomputer Center, National Electronics and Computer Technology
Center, National Science and Technology
Development Agency, Khlong
Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sontaya Limmatvapirat
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon
Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Chutima Limmatvapirat
- Department
of Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon
Pathom 73000, Thailand
| | - Suwisit Manmuan
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Sukannika Tubtimsri
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
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2
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Jayakumar J, Ballon A, Pallarès J, Vernet A, de Lamo-Castellví S, Güell C, Ferrando M. Lesser mealworm (A. diaperinus) protein as a replacement for dairy proteins in the production of O/W emulsions: Droplet coalescence studies using microfluidics under controlled conditions. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113100. [PMID: 37689864 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Dairy proteins are commonly used to stabilize oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, which can be replaced by other sustainable sources of proteins, such as insects. This study investigated the potential of lesser mealworm protein concentrate (LMPC) as a sustainable alternative to whey protein isolate (WPI) in stabilizing oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions using microfluidics. The frequency of coalescence (Fcoal) was calculated using images of emulsion droplets obtained near the inlet and outlet of the coalescence channel. The stability of O/W emulsions, produced using sunflower oil (SFO) or hexadecane and stabilized with varying concentrations of LMPC and WPI (0.02% to 0.0005% w/v), was compared under controlled conditions. The dispersed phase fraction (5.3%-14.3% v/v), protein adsorption time onto oil droplets (0.0398-0.158 s), and pH (pH = 3 and pH = 7) were also studied. Fcoal was greatest (0.42 s-1) when the protein concentration was lowest (0.0005%), the oil percentage was highest (14.3%), the adsorption period was shortest (0.0398 s), and the pH was 3. Droplet diameters did not vary significantly, with values between 55 and 118 μm, across protein concentrations or adsorption periods, but a rise in oil fraction resulted in a substantial increase in droplet diameters. Increases in protein content, adsorption duration, and oil percentage all resulted in increased stability (reduction of Fcoal). While LMPC and WPI showed similar results in microfluidic experiments and other test conditions, further research is needed to verify LMPC's efficacy as a replacement for WPI in food emulsification. Nonetheless, the findings suggest that LMPC has potential as a substitute for WPI in this application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitesh Jayakumar
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Aurélie Ballon
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pallarès
- Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Anton Vernet
- Departament d'Enginyeria Mecànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sílvia de Lamo-Castellví
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Carme Güell
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Ferrando
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.
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Badruddoza AZM, Yeoh T, Shah JC, Walsh T. Assessing and Predicting Physical Stability of Emulsion-Based Topical Semisolid Products: A Review. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1772-1793. [PMID: 36966902 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
The emulsion-based topical semisolid dosage forms present a high degree of complexity due to their microstructures which is apparent from their compositions comprising at least two immiscible liquid phases, often times of high viscosity. These complex microstructures are thermodynamically unstable, and the physical stability of such preparations is governed by formulation parameters such as phase volume ratio, type of emulsifiers and their concentration, HLB value of the emulsifier, as well as by process parameters such as homogenizer speed, time, temperature etc. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the microstructure in the DP and critical factors that influence the stability of emulsions is essential to ensure the quality and shelf-life of emulsion-based topical semisolid products. This review aims to provide an overview of the main strategies used to stabilize pharmaceutical emulsions contained in semisolid products and various characterization techniques and tools that have been utilized so far to evaluate their long-term stability. Accelerated physical stability assessment using dispersion analyzer tools such as an analytical centrifuge to predict the product shelf-life has been discussed. In addition, mathematical modeling for phase separation rate for non-Newtonian systems like semisolid emulsion products has also been discussed to guide formulation scientists to predict a priori stability of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | - Thean Yeoh
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jaymin C Shah
- Drug Product Design, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Taylor Walsh
- Eurofins Lancaster Laboratories Professional Scientific Services, 2425 New Holland Pike, Lancaster, PA 17601, USA
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Song Y, Wang X, Luo H, Wang M, Chen J. Reducing the Flocculation of Milk Tea Using Different Stabilizers to Regulate Tea Proteins. Foods 2023; 12:foods12071484. [PMID: 37048305 PMCID: PMC10094277 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of flocs derived from polyphenol–protein formation in milk tea has not been fully explored. In this study, the flocculation of milk tea was regulated by adding 10 kinds of stabilizers with different characteristics. The stability coefficient and centrifugal precipitation rate were used as indexes. The optimal concentration ratio of the complex stabilizer was identified using the response surface methodology (RSM), being 0.04% for Arabic gum, 0.02% for β-cyclodextrin and 0.03% for Agar. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to analyze the characteristics of different stabilizers in milk tea, and our findings were as follows: (1) The relative strength of the peaks in different stable systems was different. The absorption peaks were mainly near the wave numbers 3376 cm−1, 2928 cm−1, 1655 cm−1, 1542 cm−1, 1408 cm−1, 1047 cm−1 and 925 cm−1. (2) The milk tea system was an amorphous structure. The diffraction peak of the composite system was observed to be about 20°. The crystallinity of the milk tea in the compound group was 33.16%, which was higher than that of the blank group (9.67%). (3) The compound stabilizer reduced flocculation, and the stabilizing agents improved the surface order of milk tea. These results indicate that the combination of polysaccharide stabilizers (Arabic gum and agar) and oligosaccharide stabilizers (β-CD) in certain proportions can regulate the flocculation of milk tea and improve its stability. The potential research avenues involving polyphenol–protein complex instability systems and their applications in food development are expanded by this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiaosen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Haixi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plant Resources of Hainan Province, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, China
| | - Mingyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Functional Food of Hainan Province, Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Tropical Polysaccharide Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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5
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Snoch W, Jarek E, Milivojevic D, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Guzik M. Physicochemical studies of novel sugar fatty acid esters based on ( R)-3-hydroxylated acids derived from bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates and their potential environmental impact. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1112053. [PMID: 36845180 PMCID: PMC9947713 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1112053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar fatty acids esters are popular compounds widely used in both the nutritional, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to their amphiphilic structure and consequent ability to reduce the surface tension of solutions. Furthermore, an important aspect in the implementation of any additives and formulations is their environmental impact. The properties of the esters depend on the type of sugar used and the hydrophobic component. In this work, selected physicochemical properties of new sugar esters based on lactose, glucose and galactose and hydroxy acids derived from bacterial polyhydroxyalkanoates are shown for the first time. Values for critical aggregation concentration, surface activity and pH make it possible that these esters could compete with other commercially used esters of similar chemical structure. The investigated compounds showed moderate emulsion stabilization abilities presented on the example of water-oil systems containing squalene and body oil. Their potential environmental impact appears to be low, as the esters are not toxic to Caenorhabditis elegans even at concentrations much higher than the critical aggregation concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Snoch
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis, Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewelina Jarek
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis, Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dusan Milivojevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Maciej Guzik
- Jerzy Haber Institute of Catalysis, Surface Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland,*Correspondence: Maciej Guzik,
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Shrivas M, Khunt D, Shrivas M, Misra M. Studies on pomegranate seed oil enriched galantamine hydrobromide microemulsion: formulation, in vitro antioxidant and neuroprotective potential. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:153-163. [PMID: 36662596 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2171433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Pomegranate seed oil with its high levels of phenolic compounds is known to exhibit neuroprotective effects. Delivering hydrophilic drugs to the brain is challenging since blood-brain barrier allows only a few lipophilic molecules into the brain, thus posing an additional barrier for drug delivery to the brain in conditions like Alzheimer's. The present study focuses on the preparation of the stable galantamine hydrobromide (GHBr) microemulsion (ME) using pomegranate seed oil (PSO) as an adjuvant. The developed ME was characterized for various physicochemical properties, cytotoxicity, and protective role against Amyloid Beta (1-42) oligomer-induced toxicity in IMR 32 cell line. GHBr and PSO ratio was optimized based on an in-vitro diffusion study and compatibility study using DSC and FTIR. The ME was prepared by the water titration method and optimized using the one variable at a time (OVAT) strategy. Globule size and PDI of GHBr PSO ME were found to be 200.36 ± 0.01 nm, and 0.219 ± 0.011 nm respectively. GHBr PSO ME showed significantly better results in terms of cell line toxicity, antioxidant activity and protective effect against Aβ induced cell death. The results obtained showed the potential of using PSO as an effective synergistic agent along with the anti-Alzheimer's drug for the treatment of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dignesh Khunt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India.,Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Meera Shrivas
- Department Pharmaceutical Analysis, NIPER-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Manju Misra
- Graduate School of Pharmacy, Gujarat Technical University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Chen J, Lin K, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Miao S, Zheng B, Zhang L. The effect of fat on properties and filling characteristics of myofibrillar protein emulsion microgels. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Lomonaco Teodoro da Silva T, Baeten V, Danthine S. Modifying sucrose esters oleogels properties using different structuration routes. Food Chem 2022; 405:134927. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Watanabe T, Yano S, Kawai T, Jinbo Y, Nonomura Y. Selective Antibacterial Activity of Palmitoleic Acid in Emulsions and Other Formulations. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takamasa Watanabe
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992‐8510 Japan
| | - Shigekazu Yano
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992‐8510 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kawai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992‐8510 Japan
| | - Yuji Jinbo
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992‐8510 Japan
| | - Yoshimune Nonomura
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering Yamagata University 4‐3‐16 Jonan Yonezawa 992‐8510 Japan
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10
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The effect of fatty acid chain length and saturation on the emulsification properties of pork myofibrillar proteins. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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11
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Matulyte I, Kasparaviciene G, Bernatoniene J. Development of New Formula Microcapsules from Nutmeg Essential Oil Using Sucrose Esters and Magnesium Aluminometasilicate. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E628. [PMID: 32635497 PMCID: PMC7408566 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils are volatile liquids which evaporate and lose their pharmacological effect when exposed to the environment. The aim of this study is to protect nutmeg essential oil from environmental factors by encapsulation (shell material, sodium alginate) and determine the influence of crosslinker concentration (2%, 5% calcium chloride), different emulsifiers (polysorbate 80, sucrose esters), and magnesium aluminometasilicate on microcapsule physical parameters, encapsulation efficiency (EE), swelling index (SI), and other parameters. Nutmeg essential oil (NEO)-loaded calcium alginate microcapsules were prepared by extrusion. The swelling test was performed with and without enzymes in simulated gastric, intestinal, and gastrointestinal media. This study shows that the crosslinker concentration has a significant influence on EE, with 2% calcium chloride solution being more effective than 5%, and capsules being softer with 2% crosslinker solution. Using sucrose esters, EE is higher when polysorbate 80 is used. The swelling index is nearly three times higher in an intestinal medium without enzymes than in the medium with pancreatin. Microcapsule physical parameters depend on the excipients: the hardest capsules were obtained with the biggest amount of sodium alginate; the largest with magnesium aluminometasilicate. Sucrose esters and magnesium aluminometasilicate are new materials used in extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Matulyte
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Kasparaviciene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Anuar N, Sabri AH, Bustami Effendi TJ, Abdul Hamid K. Development and characterisation of ibuprofen-loaded nanoemulsion with enhanced oral bioavailability. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04570. [PMID: 32775730 PMCID: PMC7394867 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipophilic compounds constitute a majority of therapeutics in the pipeline of drug discovery. Despite possessing enhanced efficacy and permeability, some of these drugs suffer poor solubility necessitating the need of a suitable drug delivery system. Nanoemulsion is a drug delivery system that provides enhanced solubility for poorly soluble drugs in an attempt to improve the oral bioavailability. The purpose of this study is to develop a nanoemulsion system using ibuprofen as a model drug in order to investigate the potential of this colloidal system to enhance the absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs. Ibuprofen loaded-nanoemulsion with different drug concentrations (1.5, 3 and 6% w/w) were formulated from olive oil, sucrose ester L-1695 and glycerol using D-phase emulsification technique. A pseudoternary phase diagram was utilised to identify the optimal excipient composition to formulate the nanoemulsion system. In vitro diffusion chamber studies using rodent intestinal linings highlighted improved absorption profile when ibuprofen was delivered as nanoemulsion in comparison to microemulsions and drug-in-oil systems. This was further corroborated by in vivo studies using rat model that highlighted a two-fold increase in ibuprofen absorption when the drug was administered as a nanoemulsion relative to drug-in-oil system. On the other hand, when ibuprofen was administered as microemulsions, only a 1.5-fold increase in absorption was observed relative to drug-in-oil system. Thus, this study highlights the potential of using nanoemulsion as a drug delivery system to enhance the oral bioavailability of hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfazreen Anuar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Akmal H. Sabri
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies Group, School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Tommy Julianto Bustami Effendi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Khuriah Abdul Hamid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Lu X, Su H, Guo J, Tu J, Lei Y, Zeng S, Chen Y, Miao S, Zheng B. Rheological properties and structural features of coconut milk emulsions stabilized with maize kernels and starch. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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14
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Miura M, Nonomura Y. Evaluation of Hydrophobicity for Fatty Acids Using Reversed-phase Thin Layer Chromatography. J Oleo Sci 2019; 68:665-670. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Miura
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
| | - Yoshimune Nonomura
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University
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