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Gu Y, Cao M, Chen Y, Li J, Hu L, Yang XJ. Knockdown of TXNIP alleviates gestational diabetes mellitus by activating autophagy to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis in high glucose-treated trophoblasts. Reprod Biol 2024; 24:100841. [PMID: 38118268 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2023.100841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) has been observed in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but the specific role of TXNIP in GDM and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. HTR-8/SVneo cells were treated with high glucose to mimic the injured trophoblasts of GDM. In vitro, TXNIP knockdown was performed by siRNA. RTqPCR was performed to determine the expression of the corresponding genes. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK-8, EdU and Annexin V/PI assays. The autophagosome number was assessed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the autophagy substrate sequestosome 1 (P62) was evaluated by immunofluorescence. Autophagy-related proteins, including P62, light chain 3 (LC3)-I, and LC3-II, were analysed by Western blotting. HTR-8/Svneo cells treated with high glucose demonstrated reduced proliferation, increased apoptosis, decreased autophagosome formation and overall decreased autophagy. However, knockdown of TXNIP reversed the effects of HG on HTR-8/Svneo cells. However, the effect of TXNIP knockdown on HG-treated HTR-8/Svneo cells was inhibited by 3-methyladenine (3-MA) (widely used as an inhibitor of autophagy). We concluded that knockdown of TXNIP has the potential to enhance the activity of high glucose-treated human trophoblasts through autophagic activation, thereby improving pregnancy outcomes in patients with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Minkai Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Nanjing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingli Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Nanjing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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Chu Y, Yuan Q, Jiang H, Wu L, Xie Y, Zhang X, Li L. A comprehensive review of the anticancer effects of decursin. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1303412. [PMID: 38444945 PMCID: PMC10912667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1303412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a globally complex disease with a plethora of genetic, physiological, metabolic, and environmental variations. With the increasing resistance to current anticancer drugs, efforts have been made to develop effective cancer treatments. Currently, natural products are considered promising cancer therapeutic agents due to their potent anticancer activity and low intrinsic toxicity. Decursin, a coumarin analog mainly derived from the roots of the medicinal plant Angelica sinensis, has a wide range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective, and especially anticancer activities. Existing studies indicate that decursin affects cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and metastasis. It also indirectly affects the immune microenvironment and can act as a potential anticancer agent. Decursin can exert synergistic antitumor effects when used in combination with a number of common clinical anticancer drugs, enhancing chemotherapy sensitivity and reversing drug resistance in cancer cells, suggesting that decursin is a good drug combination. Second, decursin is also a promising lead compound, and compounds modifying its structure and formulation form also have good anticancer effects. In addition, decursin is not only a key ingredient in several natural herbs and dietary supplements but is also available through a biosynthetic pathway, with anticancer properties and a high degree of safety in cells, animals, and humans. Thus, it is evident that decursin is a promising natural compound, and its great potential for cancer prevention and treatment needs to be studied and explored in greater depth to support its move from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Chu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qiang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hangyu Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Institute of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yutao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaofen Zhang
- Nanchong Key Laboratory of Individualized Drug Therapy, Nanchong, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Clinical Medical College of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
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Chen F, Lu J, Li M, Yang J, Xu W, Jiang X, Zhang Y. Spinetoram-Induced Potential Neurotoxicity through Autophagy Mediated by Mitochondrial Damage. Molecules 2024; 29:253. [PMID: 38202836 PMCID: PMC10780237 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Spinetoram is an important semi-synthetic insecticide extensively applied in agriculture. It is neurotoxic to insects, primarily by acting on acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). However, few studies have examined the neurotoxicity of spinetoram in human beings. In this study, various concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 μM) of spinetoram were employed to expose SH-SY5Y cells in order to study the neurotoxic effects of spinetoram. The results showed that spinetoram exposure markedly inhibited cell viability and induced oxidative stress. It also induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse (ΔΨm), and then caused a massive opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), a decrease in ATP synthesis, and Ca2+ overloading. Furthermore, spinetoram exposure induced cellular autophagy, as evidenced by the formation of autophagosomes, the conversion of LC3-I into LC3-II, down-regulation of p62, and up-regulation of beclin-1. In addition, we observed that p-mTOR expression decreased, while p-AMPK expression increased when exposed to spinetoram, indicating spinetoram triggered AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy. Complementarily, the effect of spinetoram on neurobehavior was studied using the zebrafish model. After being exposed to different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 μg/mL) of spinetoram, zebrafish showed neurobehavioral irregularities, such as reduced frequency of tail swings and spontaneous movements. Similarly, autophagy was also observed in zebrafish. In conclusion, spinetoram exposure produced potential neurotoxicity through autophagy mediated by mitochondrial damage. The experimental data and results of the neurotoxicity study of spinetoram provided above are intended to serve as reference for its safety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (F.C.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Jin Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (F.C.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Meng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (F.C.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Junwu Yang
- Frog Prince (Fujian) Baby&Child Care Product Co., Ltd., Zhangzhou 363000, China;
| | - Wenping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (F.C.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (W.X.)
| | - Xufeng Jiang
- Ugel Cosmetics PTE Ltd., Singapore 349561, Singapore
| | - Yang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; (F.C.); (J.L.); (M.L.); (W.X.)
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Sanjari-Pour M, Faridi N, Wang P, Bathaie SZ. Protective effect of saffron carotenoids against amyloid beta-induced neurotoxicity in differentiated PC12 cells via the unfolded protein response and autophagy. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36794286 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The preventive effect of saffron against Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been reported. Herein, we studied the effect of Cro and Crt, saffron carotenoids, on the cellular model of AD. The MTT assay, flow cytometry, and elevated p-JNK, p-Bcl-2, and c-PARP indicated the AβOs-induced apoptosis in differentiated PC12 cells. Then, the protective effects of Cro/Crt on dPC12 cells against AβOs were investigated in preventive and therapeutic modalities. Starvation was used as a positive control. RT-PCR and Western blot results revealed the reduced eIF2α phosphorylation and increased spliced-XBP1, Beclin1, LC3II, and p62, which indicate the AβOs-induced autophagic flux defect, autophagosome accumulation, and apoptosis. Cro and Crt inhibited the JNK-Bcl-2-Beclin1 pathway. They altered Beclin1 and LC3II and decreased p62 expressions, leading cells to survival. Cro and Crt altered the autophagic flux by different mechanisms. So, Cro increased the rate of autophagosome degradation more than Crt, while Crt increased the rate of autophagosome formation more than Cro. The application of 4μ8C and chloroquine as the inhibitors of XBP1 and autophagy, respectively, confirmed these results. So, augmentation of the survival branches of UPR and autophagy is involved and may serve as an effective strategy to prevent the progression of AβOs toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Sanjari-Pour
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nassim Faridi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ping Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Zahra Bathaie
- Institute for Natural Products and Medicinal Plants, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- UCLA-DOE Institute, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California, USA
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Chen Y, Xiao L, Xu J, Wang J, Yu Z, Zhao K, Zhang H, Cheng S, Sharma S, Liao A, Liu C. Recent insight into autophagy and immunity at the maternal-fetal interface. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 155:103781. [PMID: 36463798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2022.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation pathway that supports metabolic adaptation and energy cycling. It is essential for cell homeostasis, differentiation, development, and survival. Recent studies have shown that autophagy could influence immune responses by regulating immune cell functions. Reciprocally, immune cells strongly influence autophagy. Immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface are thought to play essential roles in pregnancy. Here, we review the induction of autophagy at the maternal-fetal interface and its role in decidualization and placental development. Additionally, we emphasize the role of autophagy in the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface, including innate immunity, adaptive immunity, and immune tolerance molecules. It also suggests new research directions and prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jingming Wang
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Zhiquan Yu
- Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Shibin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pathology, Women and Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Aihua Liao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430030, PR China.
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Jiao Y, Xin M, Xu J, Xiang X, Li X, Jiang J, Jia X. Polyphyllin II induced apoptosis of NSCLC cells by inhibiting autophagy through the mTOR pathway. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1781-1789. [PMID: 36102594 PMCID: PMC9487979 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polyphyllin II (PPII) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Rhizoma Paridis. It exhibits significant antitumor activity such as anti-proliferation and pro-apoptosis in lung cancer. OBJECTIVE To explore whether PPII induce autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of PPII (0, 1, 5, and 10 μM) were elucidated by CCK8 assay, colony formation test, TUNEL staining, MDC method, and mRFP-GFP-LC3 lentivirus transfection in A549 and H1299 cells for 24 h. DMSO-treated cells were selected as control. The protein expression of autophagy (LC3-II, p62), apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3) and p-mTOR was detected by Western blotting. We explored the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis by autophagy inhibitor CQ (10 μM) and 3-MA (5 mM). RESULTS PPII (0, 1, 5, and 10 μM) inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis. The IC50 values of A549 and H1299 cells were 8.26 ± 0.03 and 2.86 ± 0.83 μM. We found that PPII could induce autophagy. PPII promoted the formation of autophagosome, increased the expression of LC3-II/LC3-I (p < 0.05), while decreased p62 and p-mTOR (p < 0.05). Additionally, the co-treatment with autophagy inhibitors promoted the protein expression of c-caspase-3 and rate of Bax/Bcl-2 (p < 0.05), compared with PPII-only treatment group. Therefore, our results indicated that PPII-induced autophagy may be a mechanism to promote cell survival, although it can also induce apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS PPII-induced apoptosis exerts its anticancer activity by inhibiting autophagy, which will hopefully provide a prospective compound for NSCLC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Jiao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Ming Xin
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Juanjuan Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xindong Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
| | - Xiuqin Jia
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, China
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Fu Y, Li F, Sun X, Zhu C, Fan B, Zhong K. KIF4 enforces the progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the autophagy via activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2022; 731:109423. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2022.109423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Jia Q, Li L, Wang X, Wang Y, Jiang K, Yang K, Cong J, Cai G, Ling J. Hesperidin promotes gastric motility in rats with functional dyspepsia by regulating Drp1-mediated ICC mitophagy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:945624. [PMID: 36034863 PMCID: PMC9412972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.945624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hesperidin is one of the main active ingredients of Citrus aurantiumL. (Rutaceae) and tangerine peel, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In previous study, we found that gastric motility disorder in functional dyspepsia (FD) rats accompanied by excessive autophagy/mitochondrial swelling and even vacuolization in the interstitial cells of cajal (ICC), but the exact mechanism has not yet been investigated. Therefore, we used different doses of hesperidin (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg) to intervene in FD rats, and found that medium doses of hesperidin (100 mg/kg) significantly increased gastric motility in FD rats. Subsequently, FD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, mdivi-1 group, mdivi-1+hesperidin group and hesperidin group, and mitochondrial division inhibitor (mdivi-1) was injected intraperitoneally to further investigate whether hesperidin could regulate dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1)-mediated mitophagy in ICC to improve mitochondrial damage. The results showed that compared with the model group, the serum malondialdehyde (MDA) level decreased and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level increased in the mdivi-1 and hesperidin groups (p < 0.001). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed that the mitochondrial nuclear membrane was intact in gastric tissues with a clear internal cristae pattern, and autophagy lysosomes were rare. The co-localization expression of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and voltage dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), Drp1 and translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20 (Tom20) was significantly decreased (p < 0.001), the protein expression of mitochondrial Drp1, Beclin1 and LC3 were significantly decreased (p < 0.001), the protein expression of mitochondrial P62 and ckit in gastric tissue were significantly increased (p < 0.05, p < 0.001). The above situation was improved more significantly by the synergistic intervention of mdivi-1 and hesperidin. Therefore, hesperidin can improve mitochondrial damage and promote gastric motility in FD rats by regulating Drp1-mediated ICC mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gan Cai
- *Correspondence: Gan Cai, ; Jianghong Ling,
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Treadmill Exercise Training Ameliorates Functional and Structural Age-Associated Kidney Changes in Male Albino Rats. ScientificWorldJournal 2021; 2021:1393372. [PMID: 34887703 PMCID: PMC8651424 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1393372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a biological process that impacts multiple organs. Unfortunately, kidney aging affects the quality of life with high mortality rate. So, searching for innovative nonpharmacological modality improving age-associated kidney deterioration is important. This study aimed to throw more light on the beneficial effect of treadmill exercise on the aged kidney. Thirty male albino rats were divided into three groups: young (3-4 months old), sedentary aged (23-24 months old), and exercised aged (23-24 months old, practiced moderate-intensity treadmill exercise 5 days/week for 8 weeks). The results showed marked structural alterations in the aged kidney with concomitant impairment of kidney functions and increase in arterial blood pressure with no significant difference in kidney weight. Also, it revealed that treadmill exercise alleviated theses effects in exercised aged group with reduction of urea and cystatin C. Exercise training significantly decreased glomerulosclerosis index, tubular injury score, and % area of collagen deposition. Treadmill exercise exerted its beneficial role via a significant reduction of C-reactive protein and malondialdehyde and increase in total antioxidant capacity. In addition, exercise training significantly decreased desmin immunoreaction and increased aquaporin-3, vascular endothelial growth factor, and beclin-1 in the aged kidney. This study clarified that treadmill exercise exerted its effects via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, podocyte protection, improving aquaporin-3 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and inducing autophagy in the aged kidney. This work provided a new insight into the promising role of aerobic exercise to ameliorate age-associated kidney damage.
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Dysregulated Autophagy Leads to Oxidative Stress and Aberrant Expression of ABC Transporters in Women with Early Miscarriage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111742. [PMID: 34829614 PMCID: PMC8614945 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Early miscarriage (EMC) is a devastating obstetrical complication. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate cholesterol transfer across the placenta and enhance cell survival by effluxing substrates from target cells in the presence of stressors. Recent evidence reports an intricate interplay between autophagy and ABC transporters. We hypothesized that dysregulated autophagy and oxidative stress (OS) in the placenta leads to abnormal expression of membrane transporters contributing to poor pregnancy survival in EMC. We determined mRNA and protein expression of autophagy genes (Beclin-1/Bcl-2/LC3I/LC3II/p62) and ABC transporters (ABCA1/ABCG1/ABCG2) in placentae from EMC patients (n = 20), term controls (n = 19), first trimester (n = 6), and term controls (n = 5) controls. Oxidative/antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative damage were evaluated in maternal serum and placentae from EMC and healthy controls. In EMC, placental expression of LC3II/LC3I as well as of the key autophagy regulatory proteins Beclin-1 and Bcl-2 were reduced, whereas p62 was increased. Both in the serum and placentae of EMC patients, total OS was elevated reflected by increased oxidative damage markers (8-OHdG/malondialdehyde/carbonyl formation) accompanied by diminished levels of total antioxidant status, catalase, and total glutathione. Furthermore, we found reduced ABCG1 and increased ABCG2 expression. These findings suggest that a decreased autophagy status triggers Bcl-2-dependent OS leading to macromolecule damage in EMC placentae. The decreased expression of ABCG1 contributes to reduced cholesterol export to the growing fetus. Increasing ABCG2 expression could represent a protective feedback mechanism under inhibited autophagy conditions. In conclusion, dysregulated autophagy combined with increased oxidative toxicity and aberrant expression of placental ABC transporters affects materno-fetal health in EMC.
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Shan D, Dong R, Hu Y. Current understanding of autophagy in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Placenta 2021; 115:53-59. [PMID: 34560328 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common liver disease during pregnancy. Manifested with pruritus and elevation in bile acids, the etiology of ICP is still poorly understood. Although ICP is considered relatively benign for the mother, increased rates of adverse fetal outcomes including sudden fetal demise are possible devastating outcomes associated with ICP. Limited understanding of the underlying mechanisms restricted treatment options and managements of ICP. In recent decades, evolving evidence indicated the significance of autophagy in pregnancy and pregnancy complications. Autophagy is an ancient self-defense mechanism which is essential for cell survival, differentiation and development. Autophagy has pivotal roles in embryogenesis, implantation, and maintenance of pregnancy, and is involved in the orchestration of diverse physiological and pathological cellular responses in patients with pregnancy complications. Recent advances in these research fields provide tantalizing targets on autophagy to improve the care of pregnant women. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding autophagy in ICP and its possible roles in the causation and prevention of ICP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ruihong Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yayi Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Lee HS, Park BS, Kang HM, Kim JH, Shin SH, Kim IR. Role of Luteolin-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Glioblastoma Cell Lines. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:879. [PMID: 34577802 PMCID: PMC8470580 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Malignant glioblastoma (GBM) is caused by abnormal proliferation of glial cells, which are found in the brain. The therapeutic effects of surgical treatment, radiation therapy, and chemo-therapy against GBM are relatively poor compared with their effects against other tumors. Luteolin is abundant in peanut shells and is also found in herbs and other plants, such as thyme, green pepper, and celery. Luteolin is known to be effective against obesity and metabolic syndrome. The anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of luteolin have been investigated. Most studies have focused on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of luteolin, which is a natural flavonoid. However, the association between the induction of apoptosis by luteolin in GBM and autophagy has not yet been investigated. This study thus aimed to confirm the occurrence of luteolin-induced apoptosis and autophagy in GBM cells and to assess their relationship. Materials and Methods: A172 and U-373MG glioblastoma cell lines were used for this experiment. We confirmed the apoptosis effect of Luteolin on GBM cells using methods such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, immunofluorescence, Flow cytometry (FACS) western blot, and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results: In the luteolin-treated A172 and U-373MG cells, cell viability decreased in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. In addition, in A172 and U-373MG cells treated with luteolin at concentrations greater than 100 μM, nuclear fragmentation, which is a typical morphological change characterizing apoptosis, as well as fragmentation of caspase-3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which are apoptosis-related factors, were observed. Autophagy was induced after treatment with at least 50 μM luteolin. Inhibition of autophagy using 3MA allowed for a low concentration of luteolin to more effectively induce apoptosis in A172 and U-373MG cells. Conclusions: Results showed that luteolin induces apoptosis and autophagy and that the luteolin-induced autophagy promotes cell survival. Therefore, an appropriate combination therapy involving luteolin and an autophagy inhibitor is expected to improve the prognosis of GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Sung Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
| | - Hae-Mi Kang
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
| | - Jung-Han Kim
- Medical Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dong-A University, 26, Daesingongwon-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49201, Korea;
| | - Sang-Hun Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (H.-S.L.); (S.-H.S.)
| | - In-Ryoung Kim
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Busandaehak-ro, 49, Mulguem-eup, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea; (B.-S.P.); (H.-M.K.)
- Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si 50612, Korea
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Codonopsis pilosula Extract Protects Melanocytes against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Activating Autophagy. COSMETICS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics8030067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, as the anti-aging role of melanin in the skin and the inhibition of melanin production has been identified, the development of materials capable of maintaining skin homeostasis has been attracting attention. In this study, we further investigated the anti-melanogenic effect of Codonopsis pilosula extract (CPE) and, under oxidative stress, the cytoprotective effect in Melan-a melanocytes exposed to H2O2. First, CPE treatment significantly reduced melanin production by inhibiting melanogenesis-associated proteins, including microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase, and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP 2), as a result of the phosphorylation of MAPK/JNK in Melan-a cells. Next, to investigate the protective effects of the CPE on oxidative-stress-induced skin injury and its molecular mechanism, we determined the effect of CPE after inducing oxidative stress by exposing melanocytes to H2O2. CPE protected cells from H2O2-induced cytotoxicity by reducing the expression of the gene encoding the Bax pro-apoptotic protein, whereas it induced the genes encoding the B-cell lymphoma 3 (Bcl2) family and MITF, which is a transcriptional regulator that promotes melanocyte differentiation. Furthermore, our results show that CPE enhanced the production of autophagy-related proteins such as Beclin-1 and light chain 3 (LC3) II; this was substantially reversed by 3-methyladenin (MA, an autophagy inhibitor) pretreatment. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that CPE treatment exhibits not only an anti-melanogenic effect in normal melanocytes, but also a cytoprotective effect in melanocytes subjected to oxidative stress by inducing autophagy and MITF expression. Therefore, we believe that CPE is a potent candidate for cell maintenance in melanocytes.
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Aplin JD, Jones CJP. Cell dynamics in human villous trophoblast. Hum Reprod Update 2021; 27:904-922. [PMID: 34125187 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Villous cytotrophoblast (vCTB) is a precursor cell population that supports the development of syncytiotrophoblast (vSTB), the high surface area barrier epithelium of the placental villus, and the primary interface between maternal and fetal tissue. In light of increasing evidence that the placenta can adapt to changing maternal environments or, under stress, can trigger maternal disease, we consider what properties of these cells empower them to exert a controlling influence on pregnancy progression and outcome. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE How are cytotrophoblast proliferation and differentiation regulated in the human placental villus to allow for the increasing demands of the fetal and environmental challenges and stresses that may arise during pregnancy? SEARCH METHODS PubMed was interrogated using relevant keywords and word roots combining trophoblast, villus/villous, syncytio/syncytium, placenta, stem, transcription factor (and the individual genes), signalling, apoptosis, autophagy (and the respective genes) from 1960 to the present. Since removal of trophoblast from its tissue environment is known to fundamentally change cell growth and differentiation kinetics, research that relied exclusively on cell culture has not been the main focus of this review, though it is mentioned where appropriate. Work on non-human placenta is not systematically covered, though mention is made where relevant hypotheses have emerged. OUTCOMES The synthesis of data from the literature has led to a new hypothesis for vCTB dynamics. We propose that a reversible transition can occur from a reserve population in G0 to a mitotically active state. Cells from the in-cycle population can then differentiate irreversibly to intermediate cells that leave the cycle and turn on genes that confer the capacity to fuse with the overlying vSTB as well as other functions associated with syncytial barrier and transport function. We speculate that alterations in the rate of entry to the cell cycle, or return of cells in the mitotic fraction to G0, can occur in response to environmental challenge. We also review evidence on the life cycle of trophoblast from the time that fusion occurs, and point to gaps in knowledge of how large quantities of fetal DNA arrive in maternal circulation. We critique historical methodology and make a case for research to re-address questions about trophoblast lifecycle and dynamics in normal pregnancy and the common diseases of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction, where altered trophoblast kinetics have long been postulated. WIDER IMPLICATIONS The hypothesis requires experimental testing, moving research away from currently accepted methodology towards a new standard that includes representative cell and tissue sampling, assessment of cell cycle and differentiation parameters, and robust classification of cell subpopulations in villous trophoblast, with due attention to gestational age, maternal and fetal phenotype, disease and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Aplin
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Carolyn J P Jones
- Maternal and Fetal Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Carvajal L, Gutiérrez J, Morselli E, Leiva A. Autophagy Process in Trophoblast Cells Invasion and Differentiation: Similitude and Differences With Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 11:637594. [PMID: 33937039 PMCID: PMC8082112 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.637594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early human placental development begins with blastocyst implantation, then the trophoblast differentiates and originates the cells required for a proper fetal nutrition and placental implantation. Among them, extravillous trophoblast corresponds to a non-proliferating trophoblast highly invasive that allows the vascular remodeling which is essential for appropriate placental perfusion and to maintain the adequate fetal growth. This process involves different placental cell types as well as molecules that allow cell growth, cellular adhesion, tissular remodeling, and immune tolerance. Remarkably, some of the cellular processes required for proper placentation are common between placental and cancer cells to finally support tumor growth. Indeed, as in placentation trophoblasts invade and migrate, cancer cells invade and migrate to promote tumor metastasis. However, while these processes respond to a controlled program in trophoblasts, in cancer cells this regulation is lost. Interestingly, it has been shown that autophagy, a process responsible for the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles to maintain cellular homeostasis, is required for invasion of trophoblast cells and for vascular remodeling during placentation. In cancer cells, autophagy has a dual role, as it has been shown both as tumor promoter and inhibitor, depending on the stage and tumor considered. In this review, we summarized the similarities and differences between trophoblast cell invasion and cancer cell metastasis specifically evaluating the role of autophagy in both processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Carvajal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Autophagy Research Center, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Leiva
- School of Medical Technology, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad San Sebastian, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Zhang B, Liu L. Autophagy is a double-edged sword in the therapy of colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:378. [PMID: 33777202 PMCID: PMC7988732 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. The limitations of colorectal cancer treatment include various types of multidrug resistance and the contingent damage to neighboring normal cells caused by chemotherapy. Macroautophagy/autophagy and apoptosis are essential mechanisms involved in cancer cell regulation of chemotherapy. Autophagy can either cause cancer cell death or promote tumor survival during colorectal cancer. Given that autophagy is involved in chemotherapy of colorectal cancer, an improved insight into the potential interactions between apoptosis and autophagy is crucial. The present review aimed to summarize the involvement of autophagy in the regulation of colorectal cancer and its association with chemotherapy. Furthermore, the role of natural product extraction, novel chemicals and small molecules, as well as radiation, which induce autophagy in colorectal cancer cells, were reviewed. Finally, the present review aimed to provide an outlook for the regulation of autophagy as a novel approach to the treatment of cancer, particularly chemotherapy-resistant colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Medical Laboratory for Radiation Research, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Medical Laboratory for Radiation Research, Beijing Institute for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing 100093, P.R. China
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17
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Yang HQ, Chandra Y, Zhang ZY. Modulation of Autophagy Through Regulation of 5'-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Affects Mitophagy and Mitochondrial Function in Primary Human Trophoblasts. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2314-2322. [PMID: 33619701 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The placenta is important for pregnancy maintenance, and autophagy is documented to be essential for placental development. Autophagy is responsible for degrading and recycling cellular misfolded proteins and damaged organelles. Mitophagy is a selective type of autophagy, where the autophagic machinery engulfs the damaged mitochondria for degradation, and there is reciprocal crosstalk between autophagy and mitochondria. Within these processes, 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays an important role. However, the role of AMPK regulation in both autophagy and mitochondria in primary human trophoblasts is unknown. In this study, we address this question by investigating changes in mRNA expression and the abundance of autophagy- and mitochondria-related proteins in isolated human trophoblasts after treatment with AMPK agonists and antagonists. We found that compared to the control group, autophagy was slightly suppressed in the AMPK agonist group and significantly enhanced autophagy in the AMPK antagonist group. However, the expressions of genes related to autophagosome-lysosome fusion were reduced, while genes related to lysosomal function were unchanged in both groups. Furthermore, mitophagy and mitochondrial fusion/fission were both impaired in the AMPK agonist and antagonist groups. Although mitochondrial biogenesis was enhanced in both groups, the function of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation was increased in the AMPK agonist group but decreased in the AMPK antagonist group. Overall, our study demonstrates that AMPK regulation negatively modulates autophagy and consequently affects mitophagy, mitochondrial fusion/fission, and function in primary human trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Qin Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Yallampalli Chandra
- Basic Sciences Perinatology Research Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Zhen-Yu Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China.
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Dai Y, Li TH, He X, Yan SB, Gao Y, Chen Y. The Effect and Mechanism of Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Regulating Trophoblastic Autophagy on Fetal Growth Restriction. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2012-2022. [PMID: 33428125 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00442-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is an important cause of perinatal death and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is associated with FGR, but the mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we determined the levels of ADMA and autophagy-related molecules in human blood samples and placental tissues. And we also used the human chorionic carcinoma cell line BeWo to investigate the mechanism of ADMA-induced FGR in vitro. Compared with the control group, ADMA levels in maternal blood and placenta were increased in patients with FGR, and the birth weight (BW) percentile was negatively correlated with maternal serum ADMA concentration in the FGR group. The expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in the placenta of the FGR group was lower than the control group, while the expression of Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II)/LC3-I was significantly increased in the FGR group. And the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was decreased in the placenta of patients with FGR. In in vitro cell experiments, compared with the control group, the expression of mTOR and MMP9 in BeWo cells was decreased and the expression of Beclin-1 and LC3-II/LC3-I was increased in the ADMA-treated group. Moreover, ADMA had favorable effects on the formation of autophagic vacuoles, and the autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) could reduce the autophagy-induction effect of ADMA on BeWo cells. This study found that ADMA could participate in the occurrence of FGR through inducing autophagy in trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Dai
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Tian-He Li
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xin He
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Song-Biao Yan
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, 251# Yao Jia Yuan Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, 100026, China.
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Shao ZQ, Dou SS, Zhu JG, Wang HQ, Wang CM, Cheng BH, Bai B. Apelin-13 inhibits apoptosis and excessive autophagy in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:1044-1051. [PMID: 33269749 PMCID: PMC8224111 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.300725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Apelin-13 is a novel endogenous ligand for an angiotensin-like orphan G-protein coupled receptor, and it may be neuroprotective against cerebral ischemia injury. However, the precise mechanisms of the effects of apelin-13 remain to be elucidated. To investigate the effects of apelin-13 on apoptosis and autophagy in models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, a rat model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion. Apelin-13 (50 μg/kg) was injected into the right ventricle as a treatment. In addition, an SH-SY5Y cell model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion, with cells first cultured in sugar-free medium with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 for 4 hours and then cultured in a normal environment with sugar-containing medium for 5 hours. This SH-SY5Y cell model was treated with 10–7 M apelin-13 for 5 hours. Results showed that apelin-13 protected against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Apelin-13 treatment alleviated neuronal apoptosis by increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax and significantly decreasing cleaved caspase-3 expression. In addition, apelin-13 significantly inhibited excessive autophagy by regulating the expression of LC3B, p62, and Beclin1. Furthermore, the expression of Bcl-2 and the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway was markedly increased. Both LY294002 (20 μM) and rapamycin (500 nM), which are inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, significantly attenuated the inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis caused by apelin-13. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggest that Bcl-2 upregulation and mTOR signaling pathway activation lead to the inhibition of apoptosis and excessive autophagy. These effects are involved in apelin-13-induced neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, both in vivo and in vitro. The study was approved by the Animal Ethical and Welfare Committee of Jining Medical University, China (approval No. 2018-JS-001) in February 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Qi Shao
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dou
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jun-Ge Zhu
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hui-Qing Wang
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chun-Mei Wang
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Hua Cheng
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Neurobiology Institute, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, China
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Naz F, Wu Y, Zhang N, Yang Z, Yu C. Anticancer Attributes of Cantharidin: Involved Molecular Mechanisms and Pathways. Molecules 2020; 25:E3279. [PMID: 32707651 PMCID: PMC7397086 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a preeminent threat to the human race, causing millions of deaths each year on the Earth. Traditionally, natural compounds are deemed promising agents for cancer treatment. Cantharidin (CTD)-a terpenoid isolated from blister beetles-has been used extensively in traditional Chinese medicines for healing various maladies and cancer. CTD has been proven to be protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF-1) inhibitor, which can be potential targets for its anticancer activity. Albeit, it harbors some toxicities, its immense anticancer potential cannot be overlooked, as the cancer-specific delivery of CTD could help to rescue its lethal effects. Furthermore, several derivatives have been designed to weaken its toxicity. In light of extensive research, the antitumor activity of CTD is evident in both in vitro as well as in vivo cancer models. CTD has also proven efficacious in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy and it can also target some drug-resistant cancer cells. This mini-review endeavors to interpret and summarize recent information about CTD anticancer potential and underlying molecular mechanisms. The pertinent anticancer strength of CTD could be employed to develop an effective anticarcinogenic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhao Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
| | - Changyuan Yu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (F.N.); (Y.W.); (N.Z.)
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21
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Zhao X, Jiang Y, Jiang T, Han X, Wang Y, Chen L, Feng X. Physiological and pathological regulation of autophagy in pregnancy. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2020; 302:293-303. [PMID: 32556514 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-020-05607-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy exists widely in eukaryotic cells and is regulated by a variety of molecular mechanisms. Its physiological functions include providing energy, maintaining cell homeostasis, and promoting apoptosis of abnormal cells. At present, the regulation of autophagy in tumor, degenerative disease, and cardiovascular disease has attracted much attention. Gradually, the role of autophagy in pregnancy tends to be valued. The previous literature has shown that autophagy can influence the occurrence and maintenance of pregnancy from three aspects: embryo (affecting the process of fertilization and embryonic development and the function of trophoblast cells), maternal (decidualization), and maternal-to-fetal immune crosstalk. Undoubtedly, abnormalities in autophagy levels are associated with a variety of pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm delivery which have been proven by human, animal, and in vitro experiments. The regulation of autophagy is expected to be a target for the treatment of these pregnancy complications. This article reviews the research on autophagy, especially about its physiological and pathological regulation during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuepeng Jiang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tianyue Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinyu Han
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaoling Feng
- Department of First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Effects of an orally supplemented probiotic on the autophagy protein LC3 and Beclin1 in placentas undergoing spontaneous delivery during normal pregnancy. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2020; 20:216. [PMID: 32295534 PMCID: PMC7161261 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-020-02905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotic supplementation has been shown to be beneficial and is now widely promoted as an auxiliary medicine for maternal health, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Thus, this study aimed to explore the effects of probiotic supplementation on the placental autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1. METHOD A population-based cohort of specimens was collected under sterile conditions from 37 healthy nulliparous pregnant women who underwent systemic examination and delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Guangzhou, China). At 32 weeks of gestation, the pregnant women in the probiotic group were orally supplemented with golden bifid, and the pregnant women in the control group received no probiotic. Pregnant women with pregnancy-associated complications were excluded in the follow-up period, and 25 pregnant women undergoing spontaneous delivery were enrolled. The placental tissue specimens were collected at term. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression, and qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of the placental autophagy-related proteins LC3 and Beclin1. RESULTS ①There was no significant difference in the expression levels of either LC3 or Beclin1 protein between the two groups (P > 0.05). ②Probiotic supplementation induced a modest but not significant decrease in the content of LC3-mRNA with a significant decrease in the content of Beclin1-mRNA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that probiotic supplementation may reduce Beclin1-mRNA levels.
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Sales CF, Melo RMC, Pinheiro APB, Luz RK, Bazzoli N, Rizzo E. Autophagy and Cathepsin D mediated apoptosis contributing to ovarian follicular atresia in the Nile tilapia. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:1592-1602. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camila Ferreira Sales
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Rafael Magno Costa Melo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Barbosa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Ronald Kennedy Luz
- Laboratório de Aquacultura, Escola de VeterináriaUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Nilo Bazzoli
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Biologia de VertebradosPontifícia Universidade Católica de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Elizete Rizzo
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil
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Moura A, Lima K, Sousa T, Marinho-Filho J, Pessoa C, Silveira E, Pessoa O, Costa-Lotufo L, Moraes M, Araújo A. In vitro antitumor effect of a lignan isolated from Combretum fruticosum, trachelogenin, in HCT-116 human colon cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 47:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Muralimanoharan S, Gao X, Weintraub S, Myatt L, Maloyan A. Sexual dimorphism in activation of placental autophagy in obese women with evidence for fetal programming from a placenta-specific mouse model. Autophagy 2018; 12:752-69. [PMID: 26986453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1156822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of maternal obesity and its co-morbidities (diabetes, cardiovascular disease) continues to increase at an alarming rate, with major public health implications. In utero exposure to maternal obesity has been associated with development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in the offspring as a result of developmental programming. The placenta regulates maternal-fetal metabolism and shows significant changes in its function with maternal obesity. Autophagy is a cell-survival process, which is responsible for the degradation of damaged organelles and misfolded proteins. Here we show an activation of autophagosomal formation and autophagosome-lysosome fusion in placentas of males but not females from overweight (OW) and obese (OB) women vs. normal weight (NW) women. However, total autophagic activity in these placentas appeared to be decreased as it showed an increase in SQSTM1/p62 and a decrease in lysosomal biogenesis. A mouse model with a targeted deletion of the essential autophagy gene Atg7 in placental tissue showed significant placental abnormalities comparable to those seen in human placenta with maternal obesity. These included a decrease in expression of mitochondrial genes and antioxidants, and decreased lysosomal biogenesis. Strikingly, the knockout mice were developmentally programmed as they showed an increased sensitivity to high-fat diet-induced obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, increased adiposity, and cardiac remodeling. In summary, our results indicate a sexual dimorphism in placental autophagy in response to maternal obesity. We also show that autophagy plays an important role in placental function and that inhibition of placental autophagy programs the offspring to obesity, and to metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sribalasubashini Muralimanoharan
- a Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- b The Metabolomics Core Facility, Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Susan Weintraub
- b The Metabolomics Core Facility, Institutional Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Leslie Myatt
- a Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA.,c Department of Ob/Gyn , Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Alina Maloyan
- a Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research , Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Texas Health Science Center , San Antonio , TX , USA.,d Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University , Portland , OR , USA
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Hutabarat M, Wibowo N, Huppertz B. The trophoblast survival capacity in preeclampsia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186909. [PMID: 29107968 PMCID: PMC5673174 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia has become the world's major maternal health problem putting a huge burden on mothers, newborns and also on the health systems. The pathogenesis of preeclampsia seems to include events in very early pregnancy affecting differentiation of placental villous trophoblast. The arising changes of the cell death spectrum from apoptosis via increased autophagy and aponecrosis to necrosis in turn induce systemic inflammation of the mother. METHODS Placental tissue samples and maternal serum samples from 40 pregnant women were collected from normal pregnancy, IUGR, early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia. Immunohistochemistry for LC3B and Beclin-1 was quantified using systematic random sampling techniques. Serum levels of LDH and other markers were assessed in serum. RESULTS Expression of the autophagy markers LC3B and Beclin-1 was significantly different between groups as was the LC3B/Beclin-1 ratio. Early-onset preeclampsia and IUGR had the highest autophagy protein expression levels, while normal pregnancy and late-onset preeclampsia had the highest LC3B/Beclin-1 ratio. Early-onset preeclampsia had the highest negative correlation with free LDH as cell defect marker. CONCLUSIONS Autophagy plays a critical role in the cell death spectrum and cellular survival capacity of villous trophoblast. Alterations in autophagic protein expression are involved in pathological pregnancies such as preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Hutabarat
- Postgraduate Department, Doctorate Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Noroyono Wibowo
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Caldeira C, Cunha C, Vaz AR, Falcão AS, Barateiro A, Seixas E, Fernandes A, Brites D. Key Aging-Associated Alterations in Primary Microglia Response to Beta-Amyloid Stimulation. Front Aging Neurosci 2017; 9:277. [PMID: 28912710 PMCID: PMC5583148 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2017.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline and believed to be driven by the self-aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide into oligomers and fibrils that accumulate as senile plaques. It is widely accepted that microglia-mediated inflammation is a significant contributor to disease pathogenesis; however, different microglia phenotypes were identified along AD progression and excessive Aβ production was shown to dysregulate cell function. As so, the contribution of microglia to AD pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. In this study, we wondered if isolated microglia cultured for 16 days in vitro (DIV) would react differentially from the 2 DIV cells upon treatment with 1000 nM Aβ1-42 for 24 h. No changes in cell viability were observed and morphometric alterations associated to microglia activation, such as volume increase and process shortening, were obvious in 2 DIV microglia, but less evident in 16 DIV cells. These cells showed lower phagocytic, migration and autophagic properties after Aβ treatment than the 2 DIV cultured microglia. Reduced phagocytosis may derive from increased CD33 expression, reduced triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) and milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 protein (MFG-E8) levels, which were mainly observed in 16 DIV cells. Activation of inflammatory mediators, such as high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as increased expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), TLR4 and fractalkine/CX3C chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) cell surface receptors were prominent in 2 DIV microglia, while elevation of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) was marked in 16 DIV cells. Increased senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) and upregulated miR-146a expression that were observed in 16 DIV cells showed to increase by Aβ in 2 DIV microglia. Additionally, Aβ downregulated miR-155 and miR-124, and reduced the CD11b+ subpopulation in 2 DIV microglia, while increased the number of CD86+ cells in 16 DIV microglia. Simultaneous M1 and M2 markers were found after Aβ treatment, but at lower expression in the in vitro aged microglia. Data show key-aging associated responses by microglia when incubated with Aβ, with a loss of reactivity from the 2 DIV to the 16 DIV cells, which course with a reduced phagocytosis, migration and lower expression of inflammatory miRNAs. These findings help to improve our understanding on the heterogeneous responses that microglia can have along the progression of AD disease and imply that therapeutic approaches may differ from early to late stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Caldeira
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Cunha
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana R Vaz
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana S Falcão
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Barateiro
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Elsa Seixas
- Obesity Laboratory, Instituto Gulbenkian de CiênciaOeiras, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Fernandes
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
| | - Dora Brites
- Neuron Glia Biology in Health and Disease, Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal.,Department of Biochemistry and Human Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de LisboaLisbon, Portugal
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Ji L, Chen Z, Xu Y, Xiong G, Liu R, Wu C, Hu H, Wang L. Systematic Characterization of Autophagy in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Endocrinology 2017; 158:2522-2532. [PMID: 28838138 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process that degrades and recycles cellular organelles and proteins to maintain cell homeostasis. Alterations in autophagy occur in various diseases; however, the role of autophagy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is unknown. In the present study, we characterized the roles and functions of autophagy in GDM patient samples and extravillous trophoblasts cultured with glucose. We found significantly enhanced autophagy in GDM patients. Moreover, high glucose levels enhanced autophagy and cell apoptosis, reducing proliferation and invasion, and these effects were ameliorated through knockdown of ATG5. Genome-wide 5-hydroxymethylcytosine data analysis further revealed the epigenomic regulatory circuitry underlying the induced autophagy and apoptosis in GDM and preeclampsia. Finally, RNA sequencing was performed to identify gene expression changes and critical signaling pathways after silencing of ATG5. Our study has demonstrated the substantial functions of autophagy in GDM and provides potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ji
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhiguo Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yating Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guoping Xiong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan 430014, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Chao Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hanyang Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
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Ba MC, Long H, Cui SZ, Gong YF, Yan ZF, Wang S, Wu YB. Mild hyperthermia enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death. Tumour Biol 2017. [PMID: 28639902 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317711952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild hyperthermia enhances anti-cancer effects of chemotherapy, but the precise biochemical mechanisms involved are not clear. This study was carried out to investigate whether mild hyperthermia sensitizes gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death. In total, 20 BABL/c mice of MKN-45 human gastric cancer tumor model were divided into hyperthermia + chemotherapy group, hyperthermia group, chemotherapy group, N-acetyl-L-cysteine group, and mock group. Reactive oxygen species production and expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1, LC3B, and mammalian target of rapamycin were determined. The relationships between tumor growth regression, expression of autophagy-related genes, and reactive oxygen species production were evaluated. Tumor size and wet weight of hyperthermia + chemotherapy group was significantly decreased relative to values from hyperthermia group, chemotherapy group, N-acetyl-L-cysteine group, and mock group ( F = 6.92, p < 0.01 and F = 5.36, p < 0.01, respectively). Reactive oxygen species production was significantly higher in hyperthermia + chemotherapy group than in hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and mock groups. The expression levels of Beclin1 and LC3B were significantly higher, while those of mammalian target of rapamycin were significantly lower in hyperthermia + chemotherapy group than in hyperthermia, chemotherapy, and mock groups. Tumor growth regression was consistent with changes in reactive oxygen species production and expression of autophagy-related genes. N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited changes in the expression of the autophagy-related genes and also suppressed reactive oxygen species production and tumor growth. Hyperthermia + chemotherapy increase expression of autophagy-related genes Beclin1 and LC3B, decrease expression of mammalian target of rapamycin, and concomitantly increase reactive oxygen species generation. These results strongly indicate that mild hyperthermia enhances sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to chemotherapy through reactive oxygen species-induced autophagic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chen Ba
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Hui Long
- 2 Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Dermatology Institute, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shu-Zhong Cui
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuan-Feng Gong
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhao-Fei Yan
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shuai Wang
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yin-Bing Wu
- 1 Intracelom Hyperthermic Perfusion Therapy Center, Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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Zhang ZW, Li ZL, Yuan S. The Role of Secretory Autophagy in Zika Virus Transfer through the Placental Barrier. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 6:206. [PMID: 28119857 PMCID: PMC5220013 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2016.00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that the Zika virus genome could be detected in the amniotic fluid and the fetal brain, which confirms that the virus can cross the placental barrier. Secretory autophagy or exosome pathways may participate in this virus transfer. Autophagy modulators regulate autophagosome formation or membrane fusion with lysosomal vesicles and therefore inhibit viral nucleocapsid releasing or virus transfer to the fetus hypothetically. However, some autophagy modulators may enhance virus replication. Autophagy inhibitors may arrest placental development; while exaggeration of autophagy in human placenta may be associated with the fetal growth restriction. Therefore, autophagy modulators should be used carefully due to their complex clinical effects. Alternatively, exosome-specific inhibitors might be also considered, although their safety of both maternal and fetal conditions must be carefully assessed before any advancement to human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
| | - Zi-Lin Li
- General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region Lanzhou, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu, China
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31
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Chakrabarti M, Klionsky DJ, Ray SK. miR-30e Blocks Autophagy and Acts Synergistically with Proanthocyanidin for Inhibition of AVEN and BIRC6 to Increase Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Stem Cells and Glioblastoma SNB19 Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158537. [PMID: 27388765 PMCID: PMC4936720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and malignant brain tumor in humans. It is a heterogeneous tumor harboring glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) and other glioblastoma cells that survive and sustain tumor growth in a hypoxic environment via induction of autophagy and resistance to apoptosis. So, a therapeutic strategy to inhibit autophagy and promote apoptosis could greatly help control growth of glioblastoma. We created hypoxia using sodium sulfite (SS) for induction of substantiated autophagy in human GSC and glioblastoma SNB19 cells. Induction of autophagy was confirmed by acridine orange (AO) staining and significant increase in Beclin-1 in autophagic cells. microRNA database (miRDB) search suggested that miR-30e could suppress the autophagy marker Beclin-1 and also inhibit the caspase activation inhibitors (AVEN and BIRC6). Pro-apoptotic effect of proanthocyanidin (PAC) has not yet been explored in glioblastoma cells. Combination of 50 nM miR-30e and 150 μM PAC acted synergistically for inhibition of viability in both cells. This combination therapy most effectively altered expression of molecules for inhibition of autophagy and induced extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis through suppression of AVEN and BIRC6. Collectively, combination of miR-30e and PAC is a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit autophagy and increase apoptosis in GSC and SNB19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Swapan K. Ray
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Oxidative Stress in Placenta: Health and Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:293271. [PMID: 26693479 PMCID: PMC4676991 DOI: 10.1155/2015/293271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, development of the placenta is interrelated with the oxygen concentration. Embryo development takes place in a low oxygen environment until the beginning of the second trimester when large amounts of oxygen are conveyed to meet the growth requirements. High metabolism and oxidative stress are common in the placenta. Reactive oxidative species sometimes harm placental development, but they are also reported to regulate gene transcription and downstream activities such as trophoblast proliferation, invasion, and angiogenesis. Autophagy and apoptosis are two crucial, interconnected processes in the placenta that are often influenced by oxidative stress. The proper interactions between them play an important role in placental homeostasis. However, an imbalance between the protective and destructive mechanisms of autophagy and apoptosis seems to be linked with pregnancy-related disorders such as miscarriage, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. Thus, potential therapies to hold oxidative stress in leash, promote placentation, and avoid unwanted apoptosis are discussed.
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Yang Z, Ghoorun RA, Fan X, Wu P, Bai Y, Li J, Chen H, Wang L, Wang J. High expression of Beclin-1 predicts favorable prognosis for patients with colorectal cancer. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:98-106. [PMID: 25130795 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Beclin-1 is an autophagy gene. It promotes the formation of the autophagic vesicle as well as plays an essential role in guarding the cells against chromosomal instability. Overexpression of Beclin-1 has been reported to predict a favorable survival in various cancers. However, little is known about its prognostic significance in colorectal cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of three hundred and sixty-three (363) colorectal tissues from colorectal cancer (CRC) patients were collected. Tissue micro-arrays and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the expression and prognostic significance of Beclin-1 in CRC. The associations among Beclin-1 expression, clinicopathological parameters and prognosis were evaluated. RESULTS Beclin-1 had a higher expression in CRC tissues than in normal tissues. A high expression of Beclin-1 was positively correlated with gender (P=0.027), histological grade (P=0.003), pM status (P=0.003) and clinical stage (P=0.024). Patients with a high Beclin-1 expression, when compared to those with a lower expression had both a better overall survival (OS, P=0.006) and disease-free survival (DFS, P=0.008). In the pT3 subgroup, Beclin-1 was also found to be a good prognostic indicator (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed a high expression of Beclin-1 was indeed a positive independent prognostic factor of OS and DFS for CRC patients (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that a high expression of Beclin-1 correlated with a better overall survival and disease-free survival, thus serving as a favorable independent prognostic marker in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuli Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Roshan Ara Ghoorun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinjuan Fan
- Gastrointestinal Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Peihuang Wu
- Gastrointestinal Institute, Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jizheng Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Colon & Rectum Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 26 Yuancun Erheng road, 510655 Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Colon & Rectum Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangdong Gastrointestinal and Anal Hospital), Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou, 26 Yuancun Erheng road, 510655 Guangzhou, PR China.
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Avagliano L, Terraneo L, Virgili E, Martinelli C, Doi P, Samaja M, Bulfamante GP, Marconi AM. Autophagy in Normal and Abnormal Early Human Pregnancies. Reprod Sci 2014; 22:838-44. [DOI: 10.1177/1933719114565036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avagliano
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Terraneo
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Virgili
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Martinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Doi
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Gaetano Pietro Bulfamante
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Marconi
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital Medical School, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Gong JS, Kim GJ. The role of autophagy in the placenta as a regulator of cell death. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2014; 41:97-107. [PMID: 25309853 PMCID: PMC4192457 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2014.41.3.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a temporary fetomaternal organ capable of supporting fetal growth and development during pregnancy. In particular, abnormal development and dysfunction of the placenta due to cha nges in the proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and invasion of trophoblasts induce several gynecological diseases as well as abnormal fetal development. Autophagy is a catalytic process that maintains cellular structures by recycling building blocks derived from damaged microorganelles or proteins resulting from digestion in lysosomes. Additionally, autophagy is necessary to maintain homeostasis during cellular growth, development, and differentiation, and to protect cells from nutritional deficiencies or factors related to metabolism inhibition. Induced autophagy by various environmental factors has a dual role: it facilitates cellular survival in normal conditions, but the cascade of cellular death is accelerated by over-activated autophagy. Therefore, cellular death by autophagy has been known as programmed cell death type II. Autophagy causes or inhibits cellular death via the other mechanism, apoptosis, which is programmed cell death type I. Recently, it has been reported that autophagy increases in placenta-related obstetrical diseases such as preeclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation, although the mechanisms are still unclear. In particular, abnormal autophagic mechanisms prevent trophoblast invasion and inhibit trophoblast functions. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to examine the characteristics and functions of autophagy and to investigate the role of autophagy in the placenta and the trophoblast as a regulator of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Sung Gong
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea. ; CHA Placenta Institute, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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The checkpoint 1 kinase inhibitor LY2603618 induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage response and autophagy in cancer cells. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1389-98. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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