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Malik SS, Padmanabhan D, Hull-Meichle RL. Pancreas and islet morphology in cystic fibrosis: clues to the etiology of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1269139. [PMID: 38075070 PMCID: PMC10704027 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1269139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-organ disease caused by loss-of-function mutations in CFTR (which encodes the CF transmembrane conductance regulator ion channel). Cystic fibrosis related diabetes (CFRD) occurs in 40-50% of adults with CF and is associated with significantly increased morbidity and mortality. CFRD arises from insufficient insulin release from β cells in the pancreatic islet, but the mechanisms underlying the loss of β cell function remain understudied. Widespread pathological changes in the CF pancreas provide clues to these mechanisms. The exocrine pancreas is the epicenter of pancreas pathology in CF, with ductal pathology being the initiating event. Loss of CFTR function results in ductal plugging and subsequent obliteration. This in turn leads to destruction of acinar cells, fibrosis and fatty replacement. Despite this adverse environment, islets remain relatively well preserved. However, islet composition and arrangement are abnormal, including a modest decrease in β cells and an increase in α, δ and γ cell abundance. The small amount of available data suggest that substantial loss of pancreatic/islet microvasculature, autonomic nerve fibers and intra-islet macrophages occur. Conversely, T-cell infiltration is increased and, in CFRD, islet amyloid deposition is a frequent occurrence. Together, these pathological changes clearly demonstrate that CF is a disease of the pancreas/islet microenvironment. Any or all of these changes are likely to have a dramatic effect on the β cell, which relies on positive signals from all of these neighboring cell types for its normal function and survival. A thorough characterization of the CF pancreas microenvironment is needed to develop better therapies to treat, and ultimately prevent CFRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Diksha Padmanabhan
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rebecca L. Hull-Meichle
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, United States
- Seattle Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Research, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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2
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Kharbikar BN, Chendke GS, Desai TA. Modulating the foreign body response of implants for diabetes treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:87-113. [PMID: 33484736 PMCID: PMC8217111 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes Mellitus is a group of diseases characterized by high blood glucose levels due to patients' inability to produce sufficient insulin. Current interventions often require implants that can detect and correct high blood glucose levels with minimal patient intervention. However, these implantable technologies have not reached their full potential in vivo due to the foreign body response and subsequent development of fibrosis. Therefore, for long-term function of implants, modulating the initial immune response is crucial in preventing the activation and progression of the immune cascade. This review discusses the different molecular mechanisms and cellular interactions involved in the activation and progression of foreign body response (FBR) and fibrosis, specifically for implants used in diabetes. We also highlight the various strategies and techniques that have been used for immunomodulation and prevention of fibrosis. We investigate how these general strategies have been applied to implants used for the treatment of diabetes, offering insights on how these devices can be further modified to circumvent FBR and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan N Kharbikar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Gauree S Chendke
- University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; University of California Berkeley - University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
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3
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Narayanan S, Bhutiani N, Adamson DT, Jones CM. Pancreatectomy, Islet Cell Transplantation, and Nutrition Considerations. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 36:385-397. [PMID: 33002260 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a reliable approach for treating insulin-deficient diabetes. This established β-cell replacement approach has shown considerable improvements in the last 2 decades. It has helped achieve metabolic homeostasis and safe outcomes for a subset of patients with type 1 diabetes and severe pancreatitis. Nutrition support, until recently, was considered as a secondary factor, merely identified as a means of providing all the necessary nutrients for such patients. However, new literature suggests that several factors, such as the route, timing, quantity, and composition of all the nutrients administered, have key disease-altering properties and are vital during the perioperative management of such patients. This review will highlight the benefits of performing the clinical islet transplantation on a subgroup of patients with type 1 diabetes and pancreatitis and summarize new data that identify the pivotal role of nutrition support as a critical intervention in their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Narayanan
- Division of Transplantation, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Neal Bhutiani
- Division of Transplantation, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dylan T Adamson
- Division of Transplantation, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Christopher M Jones
- Division of Transplantation, Hiram C. Polk Jr. MD Department of Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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4
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Gołębiewska JE, Gołąb K, Gorycki T, Śledziński M, Gulczyński J, Żygowska I, Wolnik B, Hoffmann M, Witkowski P, Ricordi C, Szurowska E, Śledziński Z, Dębska-Ślizień A. "Old School" Islet Purification Based on the Unit Gravity Sedimentation as a Rescue Technique for Intraportal Islet Transplantation-A Case Report. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720947098. [PMID: 32749147 PMCID: PMC7563026 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720947098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we present a case that required a supplemental "old school" islet purification for a safe intraportal infusion. Following pancreas procurement from a brain-dead 26-year-old male donor (body mass index: 21.9), 24.6 ml of islet tissue was isolated after continuous density gradient centrifugation. The islet yield was 504,000 islet equivalent (IEQ), distributed among the following three fractions: 64,161 IEQ in 0.6 ml of pellet, 182,058 IEQ in 10 ml, and 258,010 IEQ in 14 ml with 95%, 20%, and 10% purity, respectively. After a 23-h culture, we applied supplemental islet purification, based on the separation of tissue subfractions during unit gravity sedimentation, a technique developed over 60 years ago ("old school"). This method enabled the reduction of the total pellet volume to 11.6 ml, while retaining 374,940 IEQ with a viability of over 90%. The final islet product was prepared in three infusion bags, containing 130,926 IEQ in 2.6 ml of pellet, 108,079 IEQ in 4 ml of pellet, and 135,935 IEQ in 5 ml of pellet with 65%, 40%, and 30% purity, respectively, and with the addition of unfractionated heparin (70 units/kg body weight). Upon the islet infusion from all three bags, portal pressure increased from 7 to 16 mmHg. Antithrombotic prophylaxis with heparin was continued for 48 h after the infusion, with target activated partial thromboplastin time 50-60 s, followed by fractionated heparin subcutaneous injections for 2 weeks. β-Cell graft function assessed on day 75 post-transplantation was good, according to Igls criteria, with complete elimination of severe hypoglycemic episodes and 50% reduction in insulin requirements. Time spent within the target glucose range (70-180 mg/dl) improved from 42% to 98% and HbA1c declined from 8.7% to 6.7%. Supplemental "old school" islet purification allowed for the safe and successful utilization of a robust and high-quality islet preparation, which otherwise would have been discarded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna E. Gołębiewska
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tomasz Gorycki
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maciej Śledziński
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jacek Gulczyński
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Banking and Transplantation- CellT, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Żygowska
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Banking and Transplantation- CellT, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Bogumił Wolnik
- Department of Hypertension and Diabetology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Hoffmann
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Camillo Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute and Cell Transplantation Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edyta Szurowska
- Department of Radiology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Śledziński
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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5
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Bottino R, Knoll MF, Knoll CA, Bertera S, Trucco MM. The Future of Islet Transplantation Is Now. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:202. [PMID: 30057900 PMCID: PMC6053495 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Milestones in the history of diabetes therapy include the discovery of insulin and successful methods of beta cell replacement including whole pancreas and islet cell transplantation options. While pancreas transplantation remains the gold standard for patients who have difficulty controlling their symptoms with exogenous insulin, islet allotransplantation is now able to provide similar results with some advantages that make it an attractive potential alternative. The Edmonton Protocol, which incorporated a large dose of islets from multiple donors with steroid-free immunosuppression helped to establish the modern era of islet transplantation almost 20 years ago. While islet allotransplantation is recognized around the world as a powerful clinical therapy for type 1 diabetes it is not yet recognized by the Federal Drug Administration of the United States. Large-scale clinical trials administered by the Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium have recently demonstrated that the well-regulated manufacture of a human islet product transplanted into patients with difficult to control type 1 diabetes and with a history of severe hyperglycemic episodes can safely and efficaciously maintain glycemic balance and eliminate the most severe complications associated with diabetes. The results of these clinical trials have established a strong basis for licensure of clinical islet allotransplantation in the US. Recognition by the Federal Drug Administration would likely lead to third party reimbursement for islet allotransplantation as a therapeutic option in the United States and would make the treatment available to many more patients. The high costs of rampant diabetes justify the expense of the treatment, which is in-line with the costs of clinical pancreas transplantation. While much enthusiasm and hope is raised toward the development and optimization of stem cell therapy, the islet transplantation community should push toward licensure, if that means broader access of this procedure to patients who may benefit from it. Even as we prepare to take the first steps in that direction, we must acknowledge the new challenges that a shift from the experimental to clinical will bring. Clinical islet allotransplantation in the United States would be a game-changing event in the treatment of type 1 diabetes and also generate enthusiasm for continued research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Bottino
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael F. Knoll
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Carmela A. Knoll
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Suzanne Bertera
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Massimo M. Trucco
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Allegheny Health Network Research Institute, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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6
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Weegman BP, Taylor MJ, Baicu SC, Mueller K, O'brien TD, Wilson J, Papas KK. Plasticity and Aggregation of Juvenile Porcine Islets in Modified Culture: Preliminary Observations. Cell Transplant 2018; 25:1763-1775. [PMID: 27109912 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x691475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide, and there is substantial interest in developing xenogeneic islet transplantation as a potential treatment. The potential to relieve the demand on an inadequate supply of human pancreata is dependent upon the efficiency of techniques for isolating and culturing islets from the source pancreata. Porcine islets are favored for xenotransplantation, but mature pigs (>2 years) present logistic and economic challenges, and young pigs (3-6 months) have not yet proven to be an adequate source. In this study, islets were isolated from 20 juvenile porcine pancreata (~3 months; 25 kg Yorkshire pigs) immediately following procurement or after 24 h of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) preservation. The resulting islet preparations were characterized using a battery of tests during culture in silicone rubber membrane flasks. Islet biology assessment included oxygen consumption, insulin secretion, histopathology, and in vivo function. Islet yields were highest from HMP-preserved pancreata (2,242 ± 449 IEQ/g). All preparations comprised a high proportion (>90%) of small islets (<100 μm), and purity was on average 63 ± 6%. Morphologically, islets appeared as clusters on day 0, loosely disaggregated structures at day 1, and transitioned to aggregated structures comprising both exocrine and endocrine cells by day 6. Histopathology confirmed both insulin and glucagon staining in cultures and grafts excised after transplantation in mice. Nuclear staining (Ki-67) confirmed mitotic activity consistent with the observed plasticity of these structures. Metabolic integrity was demonstrated by oxygen consumption rates = 175 ± 16 nmol/min/mg DNA, and physiological function was intact by glucose stimulation after 6-8 days in culture. In vivo function was confirmed with blood glucose control achieved in nearly 50% (8/17) of transplants. Preparation and culture of juvenile porcine islets as a source for islet transplantation require specialized conditions. These immature islets undergo plasticity in culture and form fully functional multicellular structures. Further development of this method for culturing immature porcine islets is expected to generate small pancreatic tissue-derived organoids termed "pancreatites," as a therapeutic product from juvenile pigs for xenotransplantation and diabetes research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley P Weegman
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Sylvatica Biotech, LLC, N. Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michael J Taylor
- Sylvatica Biotech, LLC, N. Charleston, SC, USA.,Tissue Testing Technologies, LLC, N. Charleston, SC, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simona C Baicu
- Tissue Testing Technologies, LLC, N. Charleston, SC, USA.,LifePoint, Inc., Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kate Mueller
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy D O'brien
- Veterinary Population Medicine Department, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - John Wilson
- Wilson Wolf Manufacturing, New Brighton, MN, USA
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7
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8
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The Choice of Enzyme for Human Pancreas Digestion is a Critical Factor for Increasing the Success of Islet Isolation. Transplant Direct 2015; 1. [PMID: 26146662 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated three commercially available enzymes for pancreatic digestion by comparing key parameters during the islet isolation process, as well as islet quality post-isolation. METHODS Retrospectively compared and analyzed islet isolations from pancreata using three different enzyme groups: Liberase HI (n=63), Collagenase NB1/Neutral Protease (NP) (n=43), and Liberase Mammalian Tissue Free Collagenase/Thermolysin (MTF C/T) (n=115). A standardized islet isolation and purification method was used. Islet quality assessment was carried out using islet count, viability, in vitro glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), glucose-stimulated oxygen consumption rate (ΔOCR), and in vivo transplantation model in mice. RESULTS Donor characteristics were not significantly different among the three enzyme groups used in terms of age, sex, hospital stay duration, cause of death, body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), cold ischemia time (CIT), and pancreas weight. Digestion efficacy (percentage of digested tissue by weight) was significantly higher in the Liberase MTF C/T group (73.5 ± 1.5 %) when compared to the Liberase HI group (63.6 ± 2.3 %) (p<0.001) and the Collagenase NB1/NP group (61.7 ± 2.9%) (p<0.001). The stimulation index for GSIS was significantly higher in the Liberase MTF C/T group (5.3 ± 0.5) as compared to the Liberase HI (2.9 ± 0.2) (p<0.0001) and the Collagenase NB1/NP (3.6 ± 2.9) (p=0.012) groups. Furthermore, the Liberase MTF C/T enzymes showed the highest success rate of transplantation in diabetic NOD Scid mice (65%), which was significantly higher than the Liberase HI (42%, p=0.001) and the Collagenase NB1/NP enzymes (41%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Liberase MTF C/T is superior to Liberase HI and Collagenase NB1/NP in terms of digestion efficacy and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in vitro. Moreover, Liberase MTF C/T had a significantly higher success rate of transplantation in diabetic NOD Scid mice compared to Liberase HI and Collagenase NB1/NP enzymes.
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9
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Taylor MJ, Baicu SC. Nonenzymatic Cryogenic Isolation of Therapeutic Cells: Novel Approach for Enzyme-Free Isolation of Pancreatic Islets Using In Situ Cryopreservation of Islets and Concurrent Selective Freeze Destruction of Acinar Tissue. Cell Transplant 2014; 23:1365-79. [DOI: 10.3727/096368913x672055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-based therapies, which all involve processes for procurement and reimplantation of living cells, currently rely upon expensive, inconsistent, and even toxic enzyme digestion processes. A prime example is the preparation of isolated pancreatic islets for the treatment of type 1 diabetes by transplantation. To avoid the inherent pitfalls of these enzymatic methods, we have conceptualized an alternative approach based on the hypothesis that cryobiological techniques can be used for differential freeze destruction of the pancreas (Px) to release islets that are selectively cryopreserved in situ. Pancreata were procured from juvenile pigs using approved procedures. The concept of cryoisolation is based on differential processing of the pancreas in five stages: 1) infiltrating islets in situ preferentially with a cryoprotectant (CPA) cocktail via antegrade perfusion of the major arteries; 2) retrograde ductal infusion of water to distend the acinar; 3) freezing the entire Px solid to lt; −160°C for storage in liquid nitrogen; 4) mechanically crushing and pulverizing the frozen Px into small fragments; 5) thawing the frozen fragments, filtering, and washing to remove the CPA. Finally, the filtered effluent (cryoisolate) was stained with dithizone for identification of intact islets and with Syto 13/PI for fluorescence viability testing and glucose-stimulated insulin release assessment. As predicted, the cryoisolate contained small fragments of residual tissue comprising an amorphous mass of acinar tissue with largely intact and viable (>90%) embedded islets. Islets were typically larger (range 50–500 μm diameter) than their counterparts isolated from juvenile pigs using conventional enzyme digestion techniques. Functionally, the islets from replicate cryoisolates responded to a glucose challenge with a mean stimulation index = 3.3 ± 0.7. An enzyme-free method of islet isolation relying on in situ cryopreservation of islets with simultaneous freeze destruction of acinar tissue is feasible and proposed as a new and novel method that avoids the problems associated with conventional collagenase digestion methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Taylor
- Cell and Tissue Systems, Inc., N. Charleston, SC, USA
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Simona C. Baicu
- Cell and Tissue Systems, Inc., N. Charleston, SC, USA
- Ocular and Tissue Recovery Operations, LifePoint, Inc., Charleston, SC, USA
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10
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Balamurugan AN, Naziruddin B, Lockridge A, Tiwari M, Loganathan G, Takita M, Matsumoto S, Papas K, Trieger M, Rainis H, Kin T, Kay TW, Wease S, Messinger S, Ricordi C, Alejandro R, Markmann J, Kerr-Conti J, Rickels MR, Liu C, Zhang X, Witkowski P, Posselt A, Maffi P, Secchi A, Berney T, O’Connell PJ, Hering BJ, Barton FB. Islet product characteristics and factors related to successful human islet transplantation from the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) 1999-2010. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2595-606. [PMID: 25278159 PMCID: PMC4282081 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) collects data on clinical islet isolations and transplants. This retrospective report analyzed 1017 islet isolation procedures performed for 537 recipients of allogeneic clinical islet transplantation in 1999-2010. This study describes changes in donor and islet isolation variables by era and factors associated with quantity and quality of final islet products. Donor body weight and BMI increased significantly over the period (p<0.001). Islet yield measures have improved with time including islet equivalent (IEQ)/particle ratio and IEQs infused. The average dose of islets infused significantly increased in the era of 2007-2010 when compared to 1999-2002 (445.4±156.8 vs. 421.3±155.4×0(3) IEQ; p<0.05). Islet purity and total number of β cells significantly improved over the study period (p<0.01 and <0.05, respectively). Otherwise, the quality of clinical islets has remained consistently very high through this period, and differs substantially from nonclinical islets. In multivariate analysis of all recipient, donor and islet factors, and medical management factors, the only islet product characteristic that correlated with clinical outcomes was total IEQs infused. This analysis shows improvements in both quantity and some quality criteria of clinical islets produced over 1999-2010, and these parallel improvements in clinical outcomes over the same period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Balamurugan
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN
- * Corresponding authors: Appakalai N. Balamurugan, and Franca B. Barton,
| | - B Naziruddin
- Baylor Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant InstituteDallas, TX
| | - A Lockridge
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN
| | - M Tiwari
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN
| | - G Loganathan
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN
| | - M Takita
- Baylor Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant InstituteDallas, TX
| | - S Matsumoto
- Research and Development Center, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc.Tokushima, Japan
| | - K Papas
- Institute for Cellular Transplantation, University of ArizonaTucson, AZ
| | | | - H Rainis
- The EMMES CorporationRockville, MD
| | - T Kin
- Clinical Islet Laboratory, University of AlbertaEdmonton, AB
| | - T W Kay
- St. Vincent's HospitalMelbourne, Australia
| | - S Wease
- The EMMES CorporationRockville, MD
| | - S Messinger
- Department of Public Health Services, University of MiamiMiami, FL
| | - C Ricordi
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of MiamiMiami, FL
| | - R Alejandro
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of MiamiMiami, FL
| | - J Markmann
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General HospitalBoston, MA
| | | | - M R Rickels
- Department of Medicine, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA
| | - X Zhang
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern UniversityChicago, IL
| | - P Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of ChicagoChicago, IL
| | - A Posselt
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San FranciscoSan Francisco, CA
| | - P Maffi
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - A Secchi
- Vita-Salute, San Raffaele UniversityMilan, Italy
| | - T Berney
- Department of Surgery, Geneva University HospitalGeneva, Switzerland
| | - P J O’Connell
- National Pancreas Transplant Unit, University of Sydney at Westmead HospitalSydney, Australia
| | - B J Hering
- Schulze Diabetes Institute, Department of Surgery, University of MinnesotaMinneapolis, MN
| | - F B Barton
- The EMMES CorporationRockville, MD
- * Corresponding authors: Appakalai N. Balamurugan, and Franca B. Barton,
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11
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Li W, Zhao R, Liu J, Tian M, Lu Y, He T, Cheng M, Liang K, Li X, Wang X, Sun Y, Chen L. Small islets transplantation superiority to large ones: implications from islet microcirculation and revascularization. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:192093. [PMID: 24829922 PMCID: PMC4009214 DOI: 10.1155/2014/192093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising therapy to regain glycemic control in diabetic patients. The selection of ideal grafts is the basis to guarantee short-term effectivity and longevity of the transplanted islets. Contradictory to the traditional notion, recent findings implied the superiority of small islets for better transplantation outcomes rather than the large and intact ones. However, the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent evidences emphasized the major impact of microcirculation on islet β -cell mass and function. And potentials in islet graft revascularization are crucial for their survival and preserved function in the recipient. In this study, we verified the distinct histological phenotype and functionality of small islets versus large ones both in vitro and in vivo. With efforts to exploring the differences in microcirculation and revascularization of islet grafts, we further evaluated local expressions of angiotensin and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) at different levels. Our findings reveal that, apart from the higher density of insulin-producing β -cells, small islets express less angiotensin and more angiotrophic VEGF-A. We therefore hypothesized a logical explanation of the small islet superiority for transplantation outcome from the aspects of facilitated microcirculation and revascularization intrinsically in small islets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Ruxing Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Disease, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Meng Tian
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yiran Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tianyi He
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xia Li
- Institute of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- Institute of Cell Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- *Yu Sun: and
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, No. 107 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
- *Li Chen:
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Gmyr V, Bonner C, Lukowiak B, Pawlowski V, Dellaleau N, Belaich S, Aluka I, Moermann E, Thevenet J, Ezzouaoui R, Queniat G, Pattou F, Kerr-Conte J. Automated digital image analysis of islet cell mass using Nikon's inverted eclipse Ti microscope and software to improve engraftment may help to advance the therapeutic efficacy and accessibility of islet transplantation across centers. Cell Transplant 2013; 24:1-9. [PMID: 23683575 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x667493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reliable assessment of islet viability, mass, and purity must be met prior to transplanting an islet preparation into patients with type 1 diabetes. The standard method for quantifying human islet preparations is by direct microscopic analysis of dithizone-stained islet samples, but this technique may be susceptible to inter-/intraobserver variability, which may induce false positive/negative islet counts. Here we describe a simple, reliable, automated digital image analysis (ADIA) technique for accurately quantifying islets into total islet number, islet equivalent number (IEQ), and islet purity before islet transplantation. Islets were isolated and purified from n = 42 human pancreata according to the automated method of Ricordi et al. For each preparation, three islet samples were stained with dithizone and expressed as IEQ number. Islets were analyzed manually by microscopy or automatically quantified using Nikon's inverted Eclipse Ti microscope with built-in NIS-Elements Advanced Research (AR) software. The AIDA method significantly enhanced the number of islet preparations eligible for engraftment compared to the standard manual method (p < 0.001). Comparisons of individual methods showed good correlations between mean values of IEQ number (r(2) = 0.91) and total islet number (r(2) = 0.88) and thus increased to r(2) = 0.93 when islet surface area was estimated comparatively with IEQ number. The ADIA method showed very high intraobserver reproducibility compared to the standard manual method (p < 0.001). However, islet purity was routinely estimated as significantly higher with the manual method versus the ADIA method (p < 0.001). The ADIA method also detected small islets between 10 and 50 µm in size. Automated digital image analysis utilizing the Nikon Instruments software is an unbiased, simple, and reliable teaching tool to comprehensively assess the individual size of each islet cell preparation prior to transplantation. Implementation of this technology to improve engraftment may help to advance the therapeutic efficacy and accessibility of islet transplantation across centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Gmyr
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Lille, France
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Fujikura J, Hosoda K, Nakao K. Cell transplantation therapy for diabetes mellitus: endocrine pancreas and adipocyte. Endocr J 2013; 60:697-708. [PMID: 23719783 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej13-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental transplantation of endocrine tissues has led to significant advances in our understanding of endocrinology and metabolism. Endocrine cell transplantation therapy is expected to be applied to the treatment of metabolic endocriopathies. Restoration of functional pancreatic beta-cell mass or of functional adipose mass are reasonable treatment approaches for patients with diabetes or lipodystrophy, respectively. Human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell research is having a great impact on life sciences. Doctors Takahashi and Yamanaka discovered that the forced expression of a set of genes can convert mouse and human somatic cells into a pluripotent state [1, 2]. These iPS cells can differentiate into a variety of cell types. Therefore, iPS cells from patients may be a potential cell source for autologous cell replacement therapy. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge about transplantation therapy for diabetes mellitus, the development of the endocrine pancreas and adipocytes, and endocrine-metabolic disease-specific iPS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Fujikura
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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