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Student Pharmacists' Perspectives Regarding a Virtually Delivered Research Proposal Course in the Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum. PHARMACY 2023; 11:pharmacy11010030. [PMID: 36827668 PMCID: PMC9965393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess third-year student pharmacists' perspectives regarding a virtually delivered research proposal course. A 23-item questionnaire was distributed to third-year student pharmacists enrolled in a research proposal course over three weeks in April 2021. The questionnaire contained 15 Likert-scale items, seven descriptive items, and a free-text item for additional comments about the course. Items were summarized using descriptive statistics. Fifty-four student pharmacists (response rate = 40.9%) participated in the survey. The student pharmacists surveyed generally had a positive perception of the virtually delivered research proposal course with median scores ≥ 4 (indicating agreement) for the majority (13/15) of survey items. Students did not agree that there was no difference in their motivation to succeed in the virtual course versus an in-person course and did not agree that they were more likely to pursue a career that involves undertaking a research project. This study found that student pharmacists generally had a positive perception of a virtually delivered research proposal course. These findings offer some support for the provision of an online, virtually delivered research proposal course for student pharmacists. Further research with a larger sample of students from multiple pharmacy schools is needed to improve the generalizability of the results.
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Naguib SN, AlSetohy WM, Sabry NA. Virtual clinical pharmacy training in the era of COVID-19: A report on undergraduate students' perceptions and academic performance. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2023; 15:8-18. [PMID: 36898889 PMCID: PMC9968616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study objective was to explore the impact of the complete virtual transition of in-hospital clinical training on students' academic performance and to assess students' perceptions of the overall experience. METHODS In-hospital clinical training was delivered via distance learning using daily synchronous videoconferences for two successive weeks to 350 final-year pharmacy students. The Virtual Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University (VFOPCU) platform allowed trainees to virtually browse patient files interactively with their clinical instructors to simulate a typical rounding experience. Academic performance was evaluated through identical 20-question tests before and after training. Perceptions were assessed through an online survey. RESULTS Response rates were 79% pretest and 64% posttest. The median score was significantly higher after receiving the virtual training (7/20 [6-9] out of 20 pretest vs. 18/20 [11-20] posttest, P < .001]. Training evaluations revealed high levels of satisfaction (average rating > 3.5/5). Around 27% of respondents were completely satisfied with the overall experience, providing no suggestions for improvement. However, inappropriate timing of the training (27.4%) and describing training as being condensed and tiring (16.2%) were the main disadvantages reported. CONCLUSIONS Implementing a distance learning method with the aid of the VFOPCU platform to deliver clinical experiences instead of physical presence in hospitals appeared to be feasible and helpful during the COVID-19 crisis. Consideration of student suggestions and better utilization of available resources will open the door for new and better ideas to deliver clinical skills virtually even after resolution of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra N Naguib
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
| | - Watheq M AlSetohy
- Cleopatra Hospitals Group, Plot 65 Southern 90th Street, sixth floor, 5th Settlement, New Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nirmeen A Sabry
- Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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Hasan S, Zubaidi HA, Saidawi W. Assessing Pharmacy Student Performance and Perceptions on Counseling Skills Through a Simulated Telehealth Encounter. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2022; 86:8619. [PMID: 34507953 PMCID: PMC10159465 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To describe the implementation of a teleconferencing-based patient counseling role play assessment in a newly developed pharmacy communications course, assess student performance on the role play and compare it with other assessments, and measure student perceptions of and satisfaction with the experience.Methods. Eighteen cases were developed, each belonging to one of three interactions in community pharmacy: filling a new prescription, completing a refill, or handling a request for a nonprescription (ie, over-the-counter [OTC]) medication. A rubric was designed to evaluate each type of interaction. Student scores in various course assessments were tested and scores on the three cases were compared. Students also evaluated their experience and satisfaction of the assessment and effectiveness of the course.Results. Seventy-nine students completed the assessment, achieving a mean score of 17.4/20 (87%). Student scores in the counseling role play were similar among case types and positively correlated with other traditional assessments in the course. Despite internet connectivity issues and heightened student anxiety, 71% of students agreed that the assessment did not affect the quality of their counseling, and 74% agreed that the experience was comparable to traditional assessments. The telehealth activity led to enhanced perceived student knowledge and confidence in interviewing and counseling patients.Conclusion. Students attained high scores that were consistent with other assessments in the course. Students reported that the assessment did not affect the quality of their counseling and felt the setting and context were still authentic. The experience required dedicated preparation and organization but was successful in demonstrating overall student satisfaction and positive perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanah Hasan
- Ajman University, Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hamzah Al Zubaidi
- University of Sharjah, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ward Saidawi
- University of Sharjah, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Kiser S, Ramsaur E, Williams CR. Impact of a Regional Campus on the Placements of Students at Rural Pharmacy Experiential Sites. PHARMACY 2021; 9:pharmacy9040195. [PMID: 34941627 PMCID: PMC8706976 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy9040195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacist shortages in rural communities underscore the need to focus on increasing the pipeline of pharmacists practicing rurally. Experiential placement in rural communities is one method to approach this challenge. Regional pharmacy campuses may facilitate rural experiential placements. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a regional campus on the number of rural experiential placements. This retrospective analysis compared experiential student placements in the five-year periods before and after the addition of a regional school of pharmacy campus. Experiential placements in the designated time periods were compared with respect to numbers of overall pharmacy practice experiences, experiences in rural locations, and rural counties with rotation sites. The average distance to rural sites was also compared. Differences in rural experiential placements were not statistically different. The number of rural counties with pharmacy experiential placements grew from eight to twelve, and driving distance increased. While institution of a regional campus contributed to an increase in the number of rural counties with experiential placements, overall rural experiential placements did not statistically differ versus suburban placements. Additional inquiry into factors that affect rural placement is needed to influence strategies to develop and maintain rural experiential sites and consistently place students at those sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kiser
- The Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Asheville, NC 27599, USA;
| | | | - Charlene R. Williams
- The Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Asheville, NC 27599, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-828-250-3906
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Covington EW, Kyle JA, Prince VT, Roberts MZ, Worthington MA. Impact of a novel preceptor collaborative advanced pharmacy practice experience curriculum on student-perceived ability and confidence. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:1053-1060. [PMID: 34294247 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A novel teaching collaborative for acute care medicine advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) was formed by five faculty preceptors. The primary goal of the collaborative model was to ensure that acute care medicine APPEs provided students with opportunities to achieve Accreditation Council of Pharmacy Education Standards 2016, including strengthening students' ability to be practice- and team-ready. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING The collaborative model included group discussions, video modules, patient cases, journal scans, and case presentations among student pharmacists completing an adult or pediatric acute care APPE. Anonymous, voluntary pre-/post-surveys were completed by a cohort of students who participated in the collaborative model from May 2018 to April 2019. Survey questions assessed student-perceived ability/confidence related to interprofessional (IP) relationships and decision-making skills for adult and pediatric patients, as well as value of activities. FINDINGS From the cohort of 67 students, 54 pre-survey and 45 post-survey responses were obtained. Post-rotation, students showed an increase in confidence to practice pharmacy on an IP team (39% vs. 100%, P < .001). Significant increases were also found for therapeutic decision-making regarding antibiotics, anticoagulants, and pharmacokinetics for adult and pediatric patients. Among students completing the post-survey, video modules were the most valued component of the model. SUMMARY A collaborative APPE model resulted in consistent increases in student-perceived ability and confidence related to care of adult and pediatric patients. This APPE model could be adapted within different care settings and pharmacy curricula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Covington
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United States.
| | - Jeffrey A Kyle
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United States.
| | - Valerie T Prince
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United States.
| | - Megan Z Roberts
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United States.
| | - Mary A Worthington
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Samford University McWhorter School of Pharmacy, 800 Lakeshore Drive, Birmingham, AL 35229, United States.
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Beal JL, Weber ZA, Isaacs AN, Illingworth Plake KS, Zillich A, Woodyard JL. Pharmacy Student Perceptions and Preferences of In-person Versus Video-Recorded Evaluations in Skills-Based Courses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2020; 84:7976. [PMID: 34283750 PMCID: PMC7712734 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To determine pharmacy students' preferences for and perceptions of in-person and video evaluations.Methods. A mixed methods survey was administered to 447 first-, second-, and third-year students enrolled in a public US Doctor of Pharmacy program. A survey instrument with 14 quantitative items and four qualitative items was used to measure student perceptions. Eight response choice items measured preferences. Paired t tests were used to compare students' perceptions. Independent t tests were used to compare perceptions between students who experienced and had not experienced video evaluations. Two researchers performed thematic content analysis of the qualitative responses.Results. Students (n=444, 99.3% response rate) perceived in-person evaluations more positively for all items except nervousness. Students who experienced video technology felt significantly more positive about video evaluations than students who had little or no experience using video technology on nine items. The students who experienced video technology felt significantly less positive toward video evaluations in terms of quality (1.24 vs. 0.83) and amount (1.14 vs 0.77) of written feedback. Although students valued the interaction with a larger, more diverse pool of evaluators that was made possible by video evaluations, they did not view video technology as applicable to their future practice.Conclusion. Students viewed in-person evaluations significantly more positively than video evaluations. This effect was mitigated by greater exposure to video technology, suggesting that concerns regarding video evaluations are based on conjecture rather than experience. This study highlights the need to reduce the technological issues associated with video evaluations and improve the written feedback provided to students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Beal
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Zachary A Weber
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Alex N Isaacs
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | | | - Alan Zillich
- Purdue University, College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, Indiana
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Smith SE, Newsome AS, Hawkins WA, Bland CM, Branan TN. Teaching research skills to student pharmacists: A multi-campus, multi-semester applied critical care research elective. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2020; 12:735-740. [PMID: 32482278 PMCID: PMC7999379 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Research electives are commonly offered in doctor of pharmacy programs but are typically limited to one faculty member mentoring individual students at a single site for a semester long self-study experience. The purpose of this paper is to describe pharmacy student experiences and perceptions of the research process after completing a multi-campus, multi-investigator critical care research elective. EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY AND SETTING The Research in Critical Care Pharmacotherapy elective was launched in spring 2019 and implemented a novel approach to the pharmacy research elective that promoted collaborative research across four campuses that may be continued for up to four semesters of credit. FINDINGS Six second- and third-year doctor of pharmacy students enrolled in the course during the first offering. Three students were located on the main campus with one student on each of the extended campuses. Students completed a median of five unique research activities with at least one student participating in 15 of the 19 activities evaluated. Students were asked to complete a pre- and post-course survey assessing perceived research abilities using the Dreyfus model. There was a significant decrease in the number of novice responses in the post-course survey (pre- 10 vs. post- 2, p = 0.043). SUMMARY A multi-campus, multi-investigator critical care research elective provided broad research experiences and increased student confidence related to numerous research skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Smith
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, 250 West Green Street, R.C. Wilson Building, Room 270E, Athens GA 30602, United States.
| | - Andrea Sikora Newsome
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, Augusta, Georgia, United States
| | - W Anthony Hawkins
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, Albany, Georgia, United States; Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albany, Georgia, United States
| | - Christopher M Bland
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, Savannah, Georgia, United States
| | - Trisha N Branan
- University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, 250 West Green Street, R.C. Wilson Building, Room 270E, Athens GA 30602, United States
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Dirks-Naylor AJ, Baucom E. Impact of distance learning via synchronous videoconferencing on pharmacy student performance in a biological science course sequence: an 8-yr analysis. ADVANCES IN PHYSIOLOGY EDUCATION 2019; 43:534-536. [PMID: 31642703 DOI: 10.1152/advan.00108.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Baucom
- School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, Wingate, North Carolina
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Challenges and Opportunities on Health Sciences Regional Campuses: A Multidiscipline, Multicampus Survey. Nurs Educ Perspect 2019; 40:E3-E8. [PMID: 30920467 DOI: 10.1097/01.nep.0000000000000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM We explored faculty and staff perceptions of the challenges and opportunities of working on regional campuses of a large academic health science center. BACKGROUND The growth of multicampus academic institutions presents numerous issues for intercampus planning and for organizational/professional relationships. We were interested in learning how regional campus faculty and staff experienced these issues, with the practical goal of making recommendations to both central and regional campus administrations. METHOD A cross-sectional, online survey was distributed to faculty and staff who worked at regional campuses of a large health sciences university. RESULTS Regional faculty and staff felt more valued by local colleagues and administrators than by their central campus counterparts. Top challenges were central administration's lack of communication and understanding of regionals' unique circumstances and needs. CONCLUSION Regional campuses' workplace experience is significantly different from that of central campus. More timely communication and active solicitation of regional campus input are needed.
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Choi AN, Flowers SK, Heldenbrand SD. Becoming more holistic: A literature review of nonacademic factors in the admissions process of colleges and schools of pharmacy and other health professions. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2018; 10:1429-1437. [PMID: 30527373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2018.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expanding role of pharmacists has influenced admissions committees to consider nonacademic factors other than grade point average (GPA) and test scores and has focused more attention on holistic admissions. METHODS Database searches were conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, and PsychINFO using keywords, "holistic admissions", "holistic review", and "pharmacy admissions" plus "critical thinking skills", "extracurricular", "communication skills", "essay", or "interview". Overall, 64 studies were identified, 17 were excluded, and ultimately, 47 were reviewed. RESULTS Holistic admissions is not an industry standard in pharmacy but more so in other health professions. For critical thinking skills, the Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT) was not a good predictor of academic performance even though it was effective in ranking admission applicants. The California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST) however, was a significant predictor for clerkship and practice-related courses. It is unclear whether pharmacy admissions committees are utilizing the Pharmacy College Admissions Test (PCAT) reading and writing scores, the interview, or other measures to evaluate communication skills. The Multiple Mini Interview (MMI) is an effective assessment tool for measuring noncognitive attributes; however, the efficacy of unstructured interviews in evaluating noncognitive skills was less clear. IMPLICATIONS Academic measures alone are not nuanced enough to predict success throughout the entire curriculum. An integration of factors, both academic and nonacademic, would be more relevant to predict success. Critical thinking skills and extracurricular experiences may be more significant for admissions selection and admissions ranking respectively, and more predictive of academic success during didactic and experiential stages of the curriculum respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie N Choi
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 4301 West Markham St., Slot #522, Little Rock, AR 72205 United States.
| | - Schwanda K Flowers
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 4301 West Markham St., Slot #522, Little Rock, AR 72205 United States.
| | - Seth D Heldenbrand
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, 4301 West Markham St., Slot #522, Little Rock, AR 72205 United States.
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Phan SV. Cases in Psychiatry: A description of a multi-campus elective course for pharmacy students. Ment Health Clin 2018; 8:18-23. [PMID: 29955540 PMCID: PMC6007521 DOI: 10.9740/mhc.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cases in Psychiatry was a multi-campus elective course aimed to expand psychiatry knowledge beyond the required course curriculum. The format of the class included didactic course work, small group discussion of patient cases and article evaluation, submission of written notes, debates, and script concordance test questions delivered via a live online platform. Based on student assessment and feedback at the end of the course, the elective course was determined to meet the prespecified course objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie V Phan
- Clinical Assistant Faculty, Associate Department Head, University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, Southwest Clinical Campus, Albany, Georgia,
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Desselle S, Rosenthal M, Holmes ER, Andrews B, Lui J, Raja L. Components of a Measure to Describe Organizational Culture in Academic Pharmacy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2017; 81:6022. [PMID: 29367768 PMCID: PMC5774188 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe6022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To develop a measure of organizational culture in academic pharmacy and identify characteristics of an academic pharmacy program that would be impactful for internal (eg, students, employees) and external (eg, preceptors, practitioners) clients of the program. Methods. A three-round Delphi procedure of 24 panelists from pharmacy schools in the U.S. and Canada generated items based on the Organizational Culture Profile (OCP), which were then evaluated and refined for inclusion in subsequent rounds. Items were assessed for appropriateness and impact. Results. The panel produced 35 items across six domains that measured organizational culture in academic pharmacy: competitiveness, performance orientation, social responsibility, innovation, emphasis on collegial support, and stability. Conclusion. The items generated require testing for validation and reliability in a large sample to finalize this measure of organizational culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Desselle
- Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California
| | - Meagen Rosenthal
- Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California
| | - Erin R Holmes
- Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California
| | - Brienna Andrews
- Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California
| | - Julia Lui
- Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California
| | - Leela Raja
- Touro University California College of Pharmacy, Vallejo, California
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Impact of distance education on academic performance in a pharmaceutical care course. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175117. [PMID: 28384362 PMCID: PMC5383158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the performance of pharmacy students from a Pharmaceutical Care course, taught in both distance education (DE) and campus-based formats using active methodologies. For two semesters, students (n = 82) taking the course studied half the subject in the distance education format and half in person. Questionnaires were applied at the beginning of the semester aimed to outline the demographic profile of the students. Their grade in the course was evaluated to determine their performance. The Module 1 (Information on Medication) average on the campus-based was 7.1225 and on DE was 7.5519, (p = 0.117). The Module 2 (Pharmaceutical Services) average on the campus-based was 7.1595 and on distance education was 7.7025, (p = 0.027*). There was a difference in learning outcomes in the Pharmaceutical Care Course between face-to-face and distant education. Therefore, the student performance was better in the distance education module, indicating distance education can be satisfactorily used in Pharmacy Programs.
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Scott MA, McLaughlin J, Shepherd G, Williams C, Zeeman J, Joyner P. Professional Organizations for Pharmacy Students on Satellite Campuses. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:78. [PMID: 27402981 PMCID: PMC4937973 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe80578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To evaluate the structure and impact of student organizations on pharmacy school satellite campuses. Methods. Primary administrators from satellite campuses received a 20-question electronic survey. Quantitative data analysis was conducted on survey responses. Results. The most common student organizations on satellite campuses were the American Pharmacists Association (APhA) (93.1%), American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) (89.7%), Christian Pharmacists Fellowship International (CPFI) (60.0%), state organizations (51.7%), and local organizations (58.6%). Perceived benefits of satellite campus organizations included opportunities for professional development, student engagement, and service. Barriers to success included small enrollment, communication between campuses, finances, and travel. Conclusion. Student organizations were an important component of the educational experience on pharmacy satellite campuses and allowed students to develop professionally and engage with communities. Challenges included campus size, distance between campuses, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie Ashe Scott
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville, North Carolina
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Asheville, North Carolina
| | - Jacqueline McLaughlin
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Greene Shepherd
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville, North Carolina
| | - Charlene Williams
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville, North Carolina
| | - Jackie Zeeman
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville, North Carolina
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Pamela Joyner
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Awé C, Gaither CA, Crawford SY, Tieman J. A Comparative Analysis of Perceptions of Pharmacy Students' Stress and Stressors across Two Multicampus Universities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:82. [PMID: 27402985 PMCID: PMC4937977 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe80582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To compare perceived levels of stress, stressors, and academic self-efficacy among students at two multicampus colleges of pharmacy. Methods. A survey instrument using previously validated items was developed and administered to first-year, second-year, and third-year pharmacy students at two universities with multiple campuses in spring 2013. Results. Eight hundred twenty students out of 1115 responded (73.5% response rate). Institutional differences were found in perceived student stress levels, self-efficacy, and stress-related causes. An interaction effect was demonstrated between institution and campus type (main or branch) for perceived stress and self-efficacy although campus type alone did not demonstrate a direct effect. Institutional and campus differences existed in awareness of campus counseling services, as did a few differences in coping methods. Conclusion. Stress measures were similar for pharmacy students at main or branch campuses. Institutional differences in student stress might be explained by instructional methods, campus support services, institutional climate, and nonuniversity factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Awé
- University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Jami Tieman
- University of Illinois College of Pharmacy, Chicago, Illinois
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Bagley JE, Randall K, Anderson MP. A comparison of sonography and radiography student scores in a cadaver anatomy class before and after the implementation of synchronous distance education. ULTRASOUND : JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH MEDICAL ULTRASOUND SOCIETY 2015; 23:59-66. [PMID: 27433237 DOI: 10.1177/1742271x14567173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Distance education is a solution to expand medical imaging education to students who might not otherwise be able to obtain the education. It can be a mechanism to reduce the health care worker shortage in underserved areas. In some cases, distance education may be a disruptive technology, and might lower student performance. This study compares student scores in a cadaver anatomy course in the four cohorts preceding the implementation of distance education to the first three cohorts that took the course using a multiple campus design. The means and medians of the lecture exam average, the laboratory component score, and the final course score of the nondistance education cohorts were compared with those of the distance education cohorts using nonparametric statistical analysis. Scores in an anatomy course were compared by campus placement among the distance education cohorts, and the independent effect of distance education on the laboratory component, lecture examination average, and final course scores, while controlling for cumulative grade point average and site (originating/distant), was assessed. Students receiving the course in a nondistance education environment scored higher in the anatomy course than the students who took the course in a distance education environment. Students on the distant campus scored lower than students on the originating site. Distance education technology creates new opportunities for learning, but can be a disruptive technology. Programs seeking to implement distance education into their curriculum should do so with knowledge of the advantages and disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Elaine Bagley
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, College of Allied Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, USA
| | - K Randall
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Tulsa, USA
| | - M P Anderson
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, USA
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Congdon HB, Morgan JA, Lebovitz L. Impact of time allocation practices on academic outcomes for students from a 2-campus pharmacy school. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2014; 78:179. [PMID: 25657366 PMCID: PMC4315201 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7810179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess how students from 2 campuses spent their time during P1-P3 (first through third) years, and whether that time allocation impacted their APPE grades and NAPLEX performance. METHODS Data from 2 graduating classes were gathered, including baseline student demographics, academic performance, licensing examination scores and pass rates, and an annual internal student survey. For the survey, students were asked how much time they spent each week on class attendance, watching recorded lectures, studying and course-related activities, school-sponsored extracurricular activities, and work. Data was analyzed by campus for the 3 years (P1-P3) and then evaluated separately as individual academic years. RESULTS There were statistical differences between campuses in attending class, watching recorded lectures, and participating in school activities. However, there was no statistical difference between the 2 campuses in APPE grades, NAPLEX scores, or pass rates. CONCLUSION How students from these 2 campuses spent their time during pharmacy school was not predictive of academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jill A. Morgan
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa Lebovitz
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland
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18
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Clauson KA, Alkhateeb FM, Singh-Franco D. Concurrent use of an audience response system at a multi-campus college of pharmacy. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2012; 76:6. [PMID: 22412205 PMCID: PMC3298404 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of an audience response system (ARS) on student engagement at a multi-campus college of pharmacy. METHODS An online questionnaire was designed and administered to measure the impact of an ARS on student engagement, distance education, projected use, and satisfaction among pharmacy students for a course delivered across 3 sites via synchronous video transmission. RESULTS Students reported that use of the ARS made it easier to participate (85.3%) and helped them to focus (75.7%) in classes when the lecturer was physically at a different site. They also valued that the ARS allowed them to respond anonymously (93.2%). A minority of students indicated that use of the ARS was distracting (11.8%). CONCLUSIONS Implementation of an ARS was associated with positive student perceptions of engagement and may improve feelings of connectedness among students at schools with multiple sites. Use of ARSs could also represent a cognitive intercession strategy to help reduce communication apprehension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A Clauson
- Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
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19
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Fox BI. Information technology and pharmacy education. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2011; 75:86. [PMID: 21829260 PMCID: PMC3142978 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe75586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brent I Fox
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, AL 36849, USA.
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20
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Fox BI, McDonough SL, McConatha BJ, Marlowe KF. Establishing and maintaining a satellite campus connected by synchronous video conferencing. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2011; 75:91. [PMID: 21829265 PMCID: PMC3142980 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe75591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacy education has experienced substantial growth in the number of new schools and existing schools establishing satellite campuses. Several models have previously been used to connect primary and satellite campuses. We describe the Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy's (AUHSOP's) experiences using synchronous video conferencing between the Auburn University campus in Auburn and a satellite campus in Mobile, Alabama. We focus on the technology considerations related to planning, construction, implementation, and continued use of the various resources that support our program. Students' perceptions of their experiences related to technology also are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brent I Fox
- Auburn University Harrison School of Pharmacy, AL 36849, USA.
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