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Adunlin G, Broeseker AE, Thigpen JL, Sheaffer EA, Calhoun M. Pharmacy Students' Perspectives on Human Resource Management: An Examination of Knowledge and Attitudes. PHARMACY 2024; 12:27. [PMID: 38392934 PMCID: PMC10893198 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aims to examine pharmacy students' perceptions of their knowledge and competencies in human resource management (HRM) while also investigating their attitudes toward the educational content provided in a didactic HRM course. (2) Methods: A survey evaluating both course knowledge (pre and post) and attitudes was administered to students enrolled in an HRM class. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and measures of associations. (3) Results: All 98 course enrollees completed the survey (N = 98), revealing statistically significant knowledge growth across HRM topics from pre- to post-survey (p < 0.05). Notably, emotional intelligence, workforce diversity, conflict resolution, and recruitment strategies exhibited the most substantial increases. The expert panel session proved highly effective, with 71% reporting it as the most knowledge-enhancing activity. "Global and cultural effectiveness" emerged as the most valued competency, reflecting a positive overall attitude towards HRM. (4) Conclusions: HRM competency is one of the most fundamental skills for pharmacists, as many problems faced by pharmacy organizations and their solutions stem from the workforce. Pharmacy schools should therefore assess their curriculum to ensure that HRM is adequately addressed to meet accreditation standards and to prepare students to navigate HRM challenges in their workplaces post-graduation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Adunlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL 35229, USA; (A.E.B.); (J.L.T.); (E.A.S.); (M.C.)
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Alosaimy S, Mohammad I, Chahine EB, Saad A, Jaber LA, El‐Ghali A. Culturally Sensitive Recommendations for the Clinical Pharmacist to Engage the Arab American Patient. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alosaimy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan
| | - Insaf Mohammad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan
| | - Elias B. Chahine
- Department of Pharmacy Practice Gregory School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University West Palm Beach Florida
| | - Aline Saad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan
| | - Linda A. Jaber
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan
| | - Amer El‐Ghali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan
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Steeb DR, Abrons JP, Walker BE, Lamb RE. Financial investment of United States pharmacy schools on international activities. CURRENTS IN PHARMACY TEACHING & LEARNING 2021; 13:1141-1145. [PMID: 34330391 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The primary objective of this study was to determine the financial resources that United States (US) pharmacy schools spend and receive for international activities, as well as the future direction of expenditures and revenue. METHODS An online survey was sent in April 2019 to the chief financial or administrative officer at each accredited pharmacy school (N = 141) to ask about average annual budget for international activities and areas of expenditure (student travel, partnership development, faculty salary, staff salary, training programs) and revenue (dean's office, university, student tuition and fees, alumni, grants and contracts, other) associated with their budget. Participants were asked whether they anticipated spending or receiving more, the same, or less on the aforementioned expenditure and revenue areas. RESULTS Sixty-three programs (45%) responded, with 61 (43%) complete responses used for data analysis. Thirty-eight schools (62%) had an annual budget for international activities with an average of $77,327, a median of $18,750, and a range from $2000 to $615,000. Public schools averaged $102,129 compared to $43,225 for private schools. The largest expenditure source was split evenly between student travel and faculty salaries while the largest revenue source was student tuition and fees. The most common response for future trends was to spend or receive the same amount of support. CONCLUSIONS There is wide variance regarding the amount each US pharmacy school spends on international activities, with most programs anticipating spending or receiving the same amount in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Steeb
- The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Eshelman School of Pharmacy, 301 Pharmacy Lane, CB #7574, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Jeanine P Abrons
- University of Iowa College of Pharmacy, 180 South Grand Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States.
| | - Beth E Walker
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, 2502 Marble NW, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States.
| | - Robert E Lamb
- Mercer University College of Pharmacy, 3001 Mercer University Drive, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
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Elshahat S, Moffat T. Mental Health Triggers and Protective Factors Among Arabic-Speaking Immigrants and Refugees in North America: A Scoping Review. J Immigr Minor Health 2021; 24:489-505. [PMID: 33987797 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-021-01215-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Poor mental health (MH) is a substantial public health problem, affecting over 13% of the population worldwide. Arabic-speaking immigrants and refugees (ASIR) are at high risk of MH problems due to intercultural adjustment stress, racism and discrimination. This scoping review of 49 studies explored pre- and post-migration MH determinants among ASIR in North America. Pre-migration MH determinants were politically related. English illiteracy was a significant triggering factor for distress and depression. Post-migration sociocultural MH protective factors included positive ethnic identity, spirituality, family support and social cohesion. Resilience, expressed as hope, significantly protected ASIR against depression and distress. MH triggering factors, emanating from social inequalities, were domestic violence, discrimination, stigmatization and poverty. Mixed-methods studies are needed to inform culturally-congruent, MH-promoting and resilience-building interventions. Intersectoral collaboration and Healthy Public Policy, based on the WHO Health in All Policies framework, are required to address social and health inequities, reducing MH challenges among ASIR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Elshahat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, CNH 527, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada.
| | - Tina Moffat
- Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social Sciences, McMaster University, CNH 527, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L9, Canada
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Drame I, Connor S, Abrons J, Chen AMH. The importance of equity, ethics, and rigor in global health research. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:1509-1512. [PMID: 32928655 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Imbi Drame
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, USA.
| | | | | | - Aleda M H Chen
- Cedarville University School of Pharmacy, 251 N. Main St., Cedarville, OH, 45314, USA.
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Abebe E. Positioning global pharmacy research partnerships to advance health equity. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:1619-1621. [PMID: 32873525 PMCID: PMC7445131 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Interest in global pharmacy research partnerships is growing, and many Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy are looking to expand their footprint in the global health arena. This will create opportunities for increased collaboration and synergy, but there will also be concerns for potential duplication and fragmentation. Such research partnerships also present unique opportunities for addressing unmet medication-related needs of populations around the word, especially for vulnerable populations living both in high income countries (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pharmacy leaders and researchers engaged in global health partnerships or planning to start one can draw important lessons from other global health partnerships but also by studying the historical context and evolution of global health initiatives. To be meaningful, global pharmacy research partnerships must be grounded in local contexts and be sensitive to the myriad influences and actors that may determine success of their research endeavors, including health interventions. A deliberate and thoughtful investment in mentorship and faculty development for LMIC collaborators are also essential ingredients for sustainability of global research partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Abebe
- Purdue University-College of Pharmacy, West Lafayette, IN, United States
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Jonkman LJ, Nonyel NP, Law MG, Drame I. An Ethics-based Approach to Research in Global Health: A Call to Action for Pharmacists. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020; 16:1569-1573. [PMID: 32826185 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2020.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
As opportunities and interests in international partnerships and research continue to grow in pharmacy, so, too, does the likelihood of encountering ethical challenges. We posit that the chance of encountering an ethical challenge in global health is almost inevitable. This commentary serves as an introduction to a series of four papers highlighting ethical issues in global health research for pharmacists. The authors draw on core ethical principles to guide collaborative global research in working to advance the health of people and populations worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Jonkman
- University of Pittsburgh, School of Pharmacy, 5607 Baum Blvd., Suite 303, Pittsburgh, PA, 15206, USA.
| | - Nkem P Nonyel
- University of Maryland Eastern Shore, School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, 1 College Backbone Road, Princess Anne, MD, 21853, USA.
| | - Miranda G Law
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
| | - Imbi Drame
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th Street NW, Washington, DC, 20059, USA.
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Cheng KJ, Kuo LN, Shen WC, Chen HY, Chien SC, Chen BL, Chang EH. Development of a specialist pharmacist career ladder system and a pharmacy residency program as a result of global partnerships: The experience of Taipei Medical University. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Ju Cheng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Li-Na Kuo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University; New Taipei City Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yin Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Chien
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Bi-Li Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth H. Chang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy; Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
- Research Center for Pharmacoeconomics; College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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Alsharif NZ, Khanfar NM, Brennan LF, Chahine EB, Law M, Parekh J, Kawaguchi-Suzuki M, Hogue MD. Cultural Sensitivity and Global Pharmacy Engagement in the United States. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2019; 83:7220. [PMID: 31223165 PMCID: PMC6581351 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To provide a resource for schools and colleges of pharmacy in different regions of the world that are considering sending their students and faculty members to the United States for training. Methods. A literature review (2000-2018) was conducted that involved database and Internet searches using specific keywords and terms. Information was also solicited from authors in different regions of the United States who have hosted international students and faculty members. Recommendations for pharmacists and other health care practitioners on culturally sensitive engagement were formulated. Results. Global engagement between schools and colleges of pharmacy from different regions of the world and the United States is increasing. In addition to various cultural aspects, general information about the US health care system, pharmacy education programs, and pharmacy practice were found to be available to individuals who are charged with organizing and facilitating these exchanges. Common stereotypes and misconceptions about the United States were also identified. Conclusion. For international learners to have an enriching and fruitful engagement while in the United States, an understanding of American culture in general as well as the unique cultural aspects of different regions of the country as provided in this paper is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser Z Alsharif
- School of Pharmacy and Health Professions, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Nile M Khanfar
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
| | - Lisa F Brennan
- School of Pharmacy, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, Florida
| | - Elias B Chahine
- School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, Wingate, North Carolina
| | - Miranda Law
- College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jigna Parekh
- College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Palm Beach Gardens, Florida
| | - Marina Kawaguchi-Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon
- Office of Global Pharmacy Education and Research, Pacific University, Hillsboro, Oregon
| | - Michael D Hogue
- School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California
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