1
|
Kwon WB, Shin SY, Song YS, Kong C, Kim BG. Effects of Mycotoxin-Sequestering Agents on Growth Performance and Nutrient Utilization of Growing Pigs Fed Deoxynivalenol-Contaminated Diets. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1953. [PMID: 37895335 PMCID: PMC10607961 DOI: 10.3390/life13101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental mycotoxin-sequestering agents on growth performance and nutrient utilization in growing pigs fed deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated diets. Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 35.5 kg (standard deviation = 1.3) were assigned to six dietary treatments in a replicated 6 × 5 incomplete Latin square design. Five experimental diets consisted of an uncontaminated diet (PC), a DON-contaminated diet at 6.89 mg/kg (NC), NC + bentonite 0.5%, NC + yeast cell wall 0.5%, and NC + a mixture product 0.5% which consisted of enzymes, microorganisms, minerals, and plant extracts. Pigs had ad libitum access to the five diets. In the last group, the PC diet was restrictedly provided to pigs at the quantity of feed consumption of the NC group. Average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed were not affected by supplemental mycotoxin-sequestering agents except for the mixed product that tended to improve (p = 0.064) gain:feed in pigs fed DON-contaminated diets. The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter was not affected by DON contamination or by supplemental mycotoxin-sequestering agents, whereas the ATTD of Ca was decreased (p = 0.032) by supplemental yeast cell wall in pigs fed DON-contaminated diets. The ATTD of P was greater (p = 0.042) in pigs fed the NC diet compared with the pigs fed the restricted amount of the PC diet. In conclusion, bentonite and yeast cell wall did not affect growth performance of pigs fed DON-contaminated diets, but a supplemental mixed product consisting of enzymes, microorganisms, minerals, and plant extracts partially alleviated the negative effects of dietary DON on the gain:feed of pigs. Calcium digestibility was decreased by supplemental yeast cell wall in pigs fed DON-contaminated diets. Based on the present work, the use of a mixed product consisting of enzymes, microorganisms, minerals, and plant extracts is suggested, and the reduction of Ca digestibility by yeast cell wall needs to be considered in diet formulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seung Youp Shin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Yoon Soo Song
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.S.S.)
| | - Changsu Kong
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea;
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (S.Y.S.); (Y.S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Song X, Qiao L, Chang J, Dou X, Zhang X, Pi S, Xu C. Dietary supplementation with selenium nanoparticles-enriched Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 alleviates intestinal barrier dysfunction of mice exposed to deoxynivalenol by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and gut microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 248:114276. [PMID: 36371888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a secondary product of Fusarium metabolism, is common in wheat, corn, barley and other grain crops, posing a variety of adverse effects to environment, food safety, human and animal health. The absorption of DON mainly occurs in the proximal part of the small intestine, which can induce intestinal mucosal epithelial injury, and ultimately affect the growth performance and production performance of animals. This study was conducted to investigate the protective effects of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs)-enriched Lactobacillus casei ATCC 393 (L. casei ATCC 393) on intestinal barrier function of C57BL/6 mice exposed to DON and its association with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and gut microbiota. The results showed that DON exposure increased the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8 (IL-8), decreased the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), caused a redox imbalance and intestinal barrier dysfunction, decreased the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum- resident selenoproteins, activated ERS-protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) signaling pathway, altered the composition of the gut microbiota and decreased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content. Dietary supplementation with SeNPs-enriched L. casei ATCC 393 can effectively protect the integrity of intestinal barrier function by reducing inflammatory response, enhancing the antioxidant capacity, up-regulating the mRNA levels of endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins, inhibiting the activation of PERK signaling pathway, reversing gut microbiota dysbiosis and increasing the content of SCFAs in mice exposed to DON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with SeNPs-enriched L. casei ATCC 393 effectively alleviated intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by DON in C57BL/6 mice, which may be closely associated with the regulation of ERS and gut microbiota.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Song
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Lei Qiao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xina Dou
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Shanyao Pi
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu R, Kiarie EG, Yiannikouris A, Sun L, Karrow NA. Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:69. [PMID: 35672806 PMCID: PMC9175326 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that are commonly detected as natural contaminants in agricultural commodities worldwide. Mycotoxin exposure can lead to mycotoxicosis in both animals and humans when found in animal feeds and food products, and at lower concentrations can affect animal performance by disrupting nutrient digestion, absorption, metabolism, and animal physiology. Thus, mycotoxin contamination of animal feeds represents a significant issue to the livestock industry and is a health threat to food animals. Since prevention of mycotoxin formation is difficult to undertake to avoid contamination, mitigation strategies are needed. This review explores how the mycotoxins aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and ochratoxin A impose nutritional and metabolic effects on food animals and summarizes mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of mycotoxicity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahn JY, Kim J, Cheong DH, Hong H, Jeong JY, Kim BG. An In Vitro Study on the Efficacy of Mycotoxin Sequestering Agents for Aflatoxin B1, Deoxynivalenol, and Zearalenone. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030333. [PMID: 35158659 PMCID: PMC8833486 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mycotoxins in feeds can cause detrimental effects on the growth performance and health of pigs. One of the methods used to overcome the negative effects of mycotoxins in animal feeds is to add toxin sequestering agents to feed. The present work was conducted to determine the efficacy of mycotoxin sequestering agents using an in vitro method. All mycotoxin sequestering agents effectively bound to aflatoxin B1; only activated charcoal effectively sequestered deoxynivalenol; and a bentonite product, an aluminosilicate product, and activated charcoal effectively sequestered zearalenone. Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of mycotoxin sequestering agents for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON), and zearalenone (ZEA) using an in vitro method. The twelve toxin sequestering agents tested were seven bentonite products (bentonite A, B, C, D, E, F, and G), two aluminosilicate products (aluminosilicate A and B), a heulandite product, an activated charcoal product, and a yeast cell wall product. A two-step in vitro procedure was employed to mimic the conditions of temperature, pH, and digestive enzymes in the stomach and small intestine of pigs. All mycotoxin sequestering agents tested were able to bind to AFB1 with a high efficacy (>92%). The DON sequestering rate of activated charcoal (99.1%) was greater (p < 0.05) than that of other products. The ZEA sequestering rate of bentonite F (97.0%), aluminosilicate A (99.6%), and activated charcoal (100.0%) was the greatest (p < 0.05) among the tested mycotoxin sequestering agents. Overall, most mycotoxin sequestering agents had the ability to bind to AFB1, but most products, except activated charcoal, failed to sequester DON and ZEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Young Ahn
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (D.H.C.); (H.H.)
| | - Jongkeon Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (D.H.C.); (H.H.)
| | - Da Hyeon Cheong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (D.H.C.); (H.H.)
| | - Hyosun Hong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (D.H.C.); (H.H.)
| | - Jin Young Jeong
- Animal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Beob Gyun Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.Y.A.); (J.K.); (D.H.C.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-220-496-255
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santos EV, Fontes DO, Benfato MDS, Hackenhaar FS, Salomon T, Jacob DV, Prévéraud D, Araujo WAG, da Glória EM, Domingos RL, Lopes IMG, Guedes LLM, Lima VR, Cardoso LA, Silva BAN. Mycotoxin deactivator improves performance, antioxidant status, and reduces oxidative stress in nursery pigs fed diets containing mycotoxins. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6380201. [PMID: 34599328 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of mycotoxins can result in many problems, including decreased growth rates and immune suppression. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of the supplementation of a mycotoxin deactivator composed by adsorbent clay minerals; inactivated fermentation extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and blend of antioxidants, organic acids, and botanicals in diets containing added mycotoxins for nursery pigs on their performance and antioxidant status. Ninety pigs weaned with 24 d of age (7.12 ± 0.68 kg of BW) were used. Pigs were housed in pens of three animals each according to body weight, litter origin, and sex. The dietary treatments consisted of feeding the pigs with a standard control diet as negative control (NC; mycotoxin levels at accepted regulatory Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture standards; deoxynivalenol (DON): <100 μg/kg; zearalenone (ZEA): <20 μg/kg; fumonisins (FB): <1 mg/kg); the standard diet added with mycotoxins to reach a low contamination level is considered as positive low (PCL-; DON: 900 μg/kg; ZEA: 100 μg/kg; FB: 5,000 μg/kg) without deactivator; a positive low added the deactivator at an inclusion rate of 1 kg/ton (PCL+); the standard diet added with mycotoxins to reach a high contamination level is considered as positive high (PCH-; DON: 4,500 μg/kg; ZEA: 500 μg/kg; FB: 18,000 μg/kg) without the deactivator; and a positive high added the deactivator at an inclusion rate of 5 kg/ton (PCH+). Pigs were individually weighed at the beginning and at the end of each phase and feed intake recorded based on daily pen intake during the experiment. On days 7, 19, 34, and 43 post-weaning, blood samples were drawn for antioxidant analyses. Antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase [GPx] and total superoxide dismutase [TSOD]), vitamins [Vit A, E, and C], and malondialdehyde [MDA]) were evaluated in erythrocyte and plasma samples. Pigs challenged with mycotoxins presented lower performance traits, decrease in the efficiency of central antioxidant systems (↓GPx, ↓TSOD, ↓Vit A, ↓Vit E, and ↓Vit C), and a higher oxidative damage to lipids (↑MDA) when compared with the control and deactivator-associated treatments. Our findings showed that the use of a mycotoxin deactivator can mitigate the negative impacts on performance and oxidative stress when animals are subjected to diets contaminated by different levels of mycotoxins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vivian Santos
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil.,Veterinary School/VET, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Dalton Oliveira Fontes
- Veterinary School/VET, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Mara da Silveira Benfato
- Institute of Biosciences/IBIO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Schäfer Hackenhaar
- Institute of Biosciences/IBIO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
| | - Tiago Salomon
- Institute of Biosciences/IBIO, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90650-001, Brazil
| | | | | | - Wagner Azis Garcia Araujo
- Animal Science Unit, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Norte de Minas Gerais (IFNMG), Januária, Minas Gerais, 39480-000, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maria da Glória
- Biological Science Department, College of Agriculture Luiz de Queiroz/ESALQ, Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Idael Mateus Goes Lopes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Lis Lorena Melúcio Guedes
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Valesca Ribeiro Lima
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Cardoso
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| | - Bruno Alexander Nunes Silva
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences/ICA, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, 39404-547, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wellington MO, Bosompem MA, Rodrigues LA, Columbus DA. Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs (35 to 120 kg). J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6213884. [PMID: 33825833 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health of grower-finisher pigs. A total of 240 mixed-sex grower-finisher pigs (35.9 ± 1.1 kg initial body weight, BW) were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 10 pens/treatment) for 77 d. Diets consisted of a control diet without DON (CONT) and diets containing 1, 3, or 5 ppm DON (DON1, DON3, or DON5). Nitrogen-balance was determined in 1 pig/pen during weeks 6 and 12 of the study. Growth performance measures were taken weekly for average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and gain:feed (GF) until day 77. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 14, 42, 56, and 84 from 1 pig/pen for analysis of indicators of liver and kidney function. On day 7, ADG and ADFI for pigs fed DON3 and DON5 diets were lower (P < 0.05) compared with DON1- and CONT-fed pigs. Overall, ADG and ADFI (days 0 to 77) were lower in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05), with no difference in GF (P > 0.05). Final BW was reduced in DON3- and DON5-fed pigs (P < 0.05) compared with CONT and DON1, which were not different (P > 0.05). No significant (P > 0.05) treatment effects were observed on carcass characteristics. In the grower-phase, protein deposition (PD) was reduced in DON3 and DON5 pigs compared with CONT and DON1 pigs (P < 0.05). In the finisher phase, PD was not affected by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). There was no effect of dietary treatment on the majority of selected serum chemistry (P > 0.05). In summary, pigs exposed to diets containing > 1 ppm DON had reduced growth performance with little or no effect on nitrogen utilization, organ health, or carcass characteristics, suggesting that the negative effects of DON may be largely due to depressed feed intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Wellington
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5N9, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Michael A Bosompem
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5N9, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Lucas A Rodrigues
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5N9, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7H 5N9, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wellington MO, Bosompem MA, Petracek R, Nagl V, Columbus DA. Effect of long-term feeding of graded levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, nutrient utilization, and organ health in finishing pigs and DON content in biological samples. J Anim Sci 2021; 98:5996089. [PMID: 33216883 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of deoxynivalenol (DON) is a concern for swine producers, and although there has been extensive research into the effects of DON in pigs, focus has been in young pigs and/or in short-term studies. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of long-term exposure to DON-contaminated diets in finisher pigs. A total of 200 pigs (76.6 ± 3.9 kg initial weight) were group housed (five pigs per pen; n = 10 pens/treatment) in a 6-wk trial. Pigs were fed a wheat-barley-soybean meal-based control (CONT) diet with no DON or the basal diet in which clean wheat was replaced by DON-contaminated wheat and wheat screenings to provide DON content of 1, 3, or 5 ppm (DON1, DON3, and DON5, respectively). Individual BW and pen feed intake were recorded weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G:F). Blood was collected on days 0, 14, and 43 and analyzed for indicators of liver and kidney health. Nitrogen (N)-balance was conducted immediately following the growth performance period to determine the effect of DON on nutrient utilization. Blood and urine samples collected during N balance were analyzed for DON content. Feeding DON reduced (P < 0.05) ADFI and ADG from days 0 to 28 compared with CONT, after which there was no effect of diet on ADFI and ADG. The G:F was lower (P < 0.05) in DON5 fed pigs compared with all treatments during days 0 to 7; however, no treatment effects on G:F was observed from days 8 to 42. Nitrogen retention was lower (P < 0.05) in DON3 and DON5 compared with DON1-fed pigs. Nitrogen retention efficiency was higher (P < 0.05) in DON1 compared with DON3 and DON5 and protein deposition for DON1 pigs was higher (P < 0.05) than all treatments. There were no treatment effects on indicators of liver and kidney health. As dietary DON intake increased, concentration of DON in blood and urine increased. Overall, although there was an initial decrease in ADG and ADFI in pigs receiving diets containing >1 ppm DON, pig performance recovered after a period of time, whereas nutrient utilization continued to be affected after recovery of performance. Moreover, the lack of DON on G:F indicates that the negative effects of DON on growth performance are largely due to reduced feed intake. Overall, although pigs maybe capable of adapting to intake of DON-contaminated diets, their final body weight will be reduced when fed diets containing >1 ppm DON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Wellington
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Michael A Bosompem
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel A Columbus
- Prairie Swine Centre, Inc., Saskatoon, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Silvestre Vasconcelos T, Thomaz MC, Castelini FR, Versuti Arantes Alvarenga P, Alves de Oliveira J, Ferreira Ramos G, Keith Ono R, Milani NC, dos Santos Ruiz U. Evaluation of pineapple byproduct at increasing levels in heavy finishing pigs feeding. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
9
|
Bouchard MJ, Chorfi Y, Létourneau-Montminy MP, Guay F. Effects of deoxynivalenol and sodium meta-bisulphite on nutrient digestibility in growing pigs. Arch Anim Nutr 2019; 73:360-373. [PMID: 31342788 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2019.1641369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin synthesised by the Fusarium, is known to affect the growth of pigs. This effect can be attenuated with sodium meta-bisulphite (SBS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of SBS with antioxidant blend on nutrient digestibility in pigs fed a diet contaminated naturally with DON. Six crossbred castrated pigs fitted surgically with single-T cannulas in the distal ileum received one of four barley-corn-soybean diets with or without SBS. After 8 d of feeding, faeces and ileal digesta were collected for 2 d. Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of the dry matter (DM), energy, nutrients and DON, and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of DM, acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), energy and DON were evaluated. The AID of phosphorus, calcium and some amino acids was increased (p < 0.05) in the DON diets whereas the ATTD of DM and energy tended to decrease (p = 0.064 and p = 0.071). SBS reduced the AID of DM, energy, ADF, ether extract, phosphorus and DON (p < 0.05) but had no effect on the ATTD of DM, energy, fibre or DON. These results show that DON improved the AID of some nutrients but tended to reduce the ATTD of energy, which could explain, although anorexia is the main effect of DON on live weight gain, the reported negative effect of DON on pig growth. Finally, SBS with antioxidant blend had reduced AID of some nutrients and intestinal absorption of DON.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélina Josiane Bouchard
- a Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval , Ville de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Younes Chorfi
- b Département de biomédecines, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal , St-Hyacinthe , Québec , Canada
| | - Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy
- a Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval , Ville de Québec , Québec , Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- a Département des sciences animales, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval , Ville de Québec , Québec , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Reddy KE, Song J, Lee HJ, Kim M, Kim DW, Jung HJ, Kim B, Lee Y, Yu D, Kim DW, Oh YK, Lee SD. Effects of High Levels of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone on Growth Performance, and Hematological and Immunological Parameters in Pigs. Toxins (Basel) 2018. [PMID: 29518941 PMCID: PMC5869402 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10030114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are common food contaminants produced by Fusarium sp. Mycotoxins are a potential health hazard because of their toxicological effects on both humans and farmed animals. Methods: We analyzed three groups of pigs: a control group (fed a standard diet), and the DON and ZEN groups, fed a diet containing 8 mg/kg DON and 0.8 mg/kg ZEN respectively, for four weeks. Results: DON and ZEN exposure decreased body weight (BW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), food conversion rate (FCR), and the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM. The total antioxidant levels significantly decreased in serum and increased in urine samples of both treatment groups. Additionally, DON and ZEN exposure increased serotonin levels in urine. Hematological parameters were not affected by the investigated toxins. Microscopic lesions were evident in sections of kidneys from either treatment group: we found sporadic interstitial nephritis in the DON group and renal glomerulus atrophy in the ZEN group. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokine marker genes were reduced in tissues from DON- and ZEN-exposed pigs. Conclusions: chronic ingestion of high doses of DON and ZEN alters the immune response and causes organs damage, and might be associated with various diseases in pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kondreddy Eswar Reddy
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Jaeyong Song
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Hyun-Jeong Lee
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Minseok Kim
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Hyun Jung Jung
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Ilsan 54596, Korea;
| | - Yookyung Lee
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Dongjo Yu
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Chungnam 31000, Korea;
| | - Dong-Woon Kim
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Young Kyoon Oh
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
| | - Sung Dae Lee
- Animal Nutritional & Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, (55365)#1500 Kongjwipatjwi-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju 55365, Korea; (K.E.R.), (J.S.); (H.-J.L.); (M.K.); (D.-Wook.K.); (H.J.J.); (Y.L.); (D.-Woon.K.); (Y.K.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-238-7454; Fax: +82-63-238-7497
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom LR, Nebbia CS, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Dall'Asta C, Dänicke S, Eriksen GS, Altieri A, Roldán-Torres R, Oswald IP. Risks for animal health related to the presence of zearalenone and its modified forms in feed. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04851. [PMID: 32625539 PMCID: PMC7009830 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin primarily produced by Fusarium fungi, occurs predominantly in cereal grains. The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risk to animal health related to ZEN and its modified forms in feed. Modified forms of ZEN occurring in feed include phase I metabolites α‐zearalenol (α‐ZEL), β‐zearalenol (β‐ZEL), α‐zearalanol (α‐ZAL), β‐zearalanol (β‐ZAL), zearalanone (ZAN) and phase II conjugates. ZEN has oestrogenic activity and the oestrogenic activity of the modified forms of ZEN differs considerably. For ZEN, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) established no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for pig (piglets and gilts), poultry (chicken and fattening turkeys), sheep and fish (extrapolated from carp) and lowest observed effect level (LOAEL) for dogs. No reference points could be established for cattle, ducks, goats, horses, rabbits, mink and cats. For modified forms, no reference points could be established for any animal species and relative potency factors previously established from rodents by the CONTAM Panel in 2016 were used. The dietary exposure was estimated on 17,706 analytical results with high proportions of left‐censored data (ZEN about 60%, ZAN about 70%, others close to 100%). Samples for ZEN were collected between 2001 and 2015 in 25 different European countries, whereas samples for the modified forms were collected mostly between 2013 and 2015 from three Member States. Based on exposure estimates, the risk of adverse health effects of feed containing ZEN was considered extremely low for poultry and low for sheep, dog, pig and fish. The same conclusions also apply to the sum of ZEN and its modified forms.
Collapse
|
12
|
Effects of dietary deoxynivalenol and zearalenone on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids in growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
13
|
Gu MJ, Song SK, Lee IK, Ko S, Han SE, Bae S, Ji SY, Park BC, Song KD, Lee HK, Han SH, Yun CH. Barrier protection via Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in porcine intestinal epithelial cells damaged by deoxynivalnol. Vet Res 2016; 47:25. [PMID: 26857454 PMCID: PMC4746821 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier is the first line of defense inside the body and comprises intercellular tight junction (TJ) proteins that regulate paracellular permeability. Deoxynivalenol (DON), a fungal metabolite often found in the contaminated food of domestic animals, is known to impair intestinal barrier function and may be involved in intestinal inflammation. Unlike in humans and mice, the importance of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 expressed in porcine intestinal epithelial cells is largely unclear. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether TLR2 stimulation enhances intestinal barrier function and protects against DON exposure. We found that the cells treated with TLR2 ligands decreased the epithelial barrier permeability and enhanced TJ protein expression in intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). In addition, pretreatment with TLR2 ligand, including Pam3CSK4 (PCSK) and lipoteichoic acid from Bacillus subtilis, prevented DON-induced barrier dysfunction by increasing the expression of TJ proteins via the PI3K-Akt-dependent pathway. It is likely that the DON-disrupted intestinal barrier caused biological changes of immune cells in the lamina propria. Thus, we conducted co-culture of differentiated IPEC-J2 cells in the upper well together with peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the bottom well and found that apical TLR2 stimulation of IPEC-J2 cells could alleviate the reduction in cell survival and proliferation of immune cells. Conclusively, TLR2 signaling on intestinal epithelial cells may enhance intestinal barrier function and prevent DON-induced barrier dysfunction of epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Gu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,Biomodulation Major and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Kwang Song
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Kyu Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seongyeol Ko
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,Biomodulation Major and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Eun Han
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,Biomin Korea Ltd., Seoul, 153-714, Republic of Korea.
| | - Suhan Bae
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,Seoulfeed Co., Ltd., Incheon, 405-819, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Yun Ji
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 565-851, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung-Chul Park
- Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ki-Duk Song
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hak-Kyo Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, 561-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung Hyun Han
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 110-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,Biomodulation Major and Center for Food Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-921, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Green Bio Science Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, 232-916, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|