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Arruda MDM, da Paz Leôncio Alves S, da Cruz Filho IJ, de Sousa GF, de Souza Silva GA, do Nascimento Santos DKD, do Carmo Alves de Lima M, de Moraes Rocha GJ, de Souza IA, de Melo CML. Characterization of a lignin from Crataeva tapia leaves and potential applications in medicinal and cosmetic formulations. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:286-298. [PMID: 33737189 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lignins are phenolic macromolecules that have several applications. In this work, we examine some biological activities of a lignin-like macromolecule isolated from the Crataeva tapia leaves, not yet studied to evaluate its potential applications in medicinal and cosmetic formulations. Lignin was obtained by alkaline delignification and its physical-chemical characterization was made by means of FT-IR, UV-Vis, NMR spectroscopy, elementary analysis, molecular mass determination and thermal analysis. Lignin is of the GSH type, with levels of hydrogen (5.10%), oxygen (27.18%), carbon (67.60%), nitrogen (0.12%) and phenolic content of 189.6 ± 9.6 mg GAE/g. In addition, it is a thermally stable macromolecule with low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity and cytokine production were assessed by flow cytometry. The photoprotective activity was evaluated by adding different concentrations of lignin to a commercial cream. Lignin was not cytotoxic, it stimulated the production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 and did not promote a significant change in nitric oxide levels. In addition, this macromolecule was able to promote increased absorption of ultraviolet light from a commercial cream. These results reinforce the ethnopharmacological use of C. tapia leaves and suggest the need for further studies to determine the potential medicinal and cosmetic applications (sunscreen) of lignin from C. tapia leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Daniela Muniz Arruda
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Simone da Paz Leôncio Alves
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Georon Ferreira de Sousa
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Antonio de Souza Silva
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Maria do Carmo Alves de Lima
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Polo II de Alta Tecnologia, Rua Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10.000, PO Box 6192, 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ivone Antonia de Souza
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Moutinho Lagos de Melo
- Department of Antibiotics, Biosciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Artur de Sá, s/n, 50740-520 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Lignin isolated from Caesalpinia pulcherrima leaves has antioxidant, antifungal and immunostimulatory activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:1725-1733. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Issara U, Park S, Park S. Determination of Fat Accumulation Reduction by Edible Fatty Acids and Natural Waxes In Vitro. Food Sci Anim Resour 2019; 39:430-445. [PMID: 31304472 PMCID: PMC6612783 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2019.e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural edible waxes mixed with plant oils, containing high levels of unsaturated
fatty acids (FAs), are known as oleogels. Oleogels are used for replacing
saturated FAs in animal-derived food with unsaturated FAs. However, the health
effects of edible waxes are not yet clearly defined. The purpose of this study
was to investigate the effect of FAs and natural waxes on the adipogenesis in
3T3-L1 cells. The 3T3-L1 cells were differentiated and treated with FAs and
waxes. These FAs [Palmitic acid (PA), Stearic acid (SA), Oleic acid (OA),
Linoleic acid (LA), and Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA)] and waxes [beeswax (BW) and
carnauba wax (CW)] were prepared at varying concentrations, and cell toxicity,
triglyceride accumulation, lipid droplets size, and distribution inside of cells
were determined. Adipogenic gene expression including
PPARγ, FASN,
C/EBPα, SREBP-1, and
CPT-1 was determined. Results showed that increasing the
concentration of FAs and waxes led to a decrease in the adipocyte cells
viability and metabolic performance. SA showed the highest level of triglyceride
accumulation (p<0.05), whereas ALA showed the lowest (p<0.05).
Both BW and CW at 3.0 ppm showed significantly higher lipid accumulation than in
the control and other groups (p<0.05). ALA had significantly
downregulated adipogenic gene expression levels, excluding those of
CPT-1, compared to the other treatment groups
(p<0.05). Moreover, BW demonstrated similar adipogenic gene expression
levels as ALA compared to CW. Consequently, ALA and BW may have health benefits
by reducing adipogenesis and can be used in processed meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utthapon Issara
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Sungkwon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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Tao J, Li S, Ye F, Zhou Y, Lei L, Zhao G. Lignin - An underutilized, renewable and valuable material for food industry. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2011-2033. [PMID: 31547671 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1625025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is the second most abundant biorenewable polymers only next to cellulose and is ubiquitous in various plant foods. In food industry, lignin often presented as a major component of by-products from plant foods. In the last decade, the food and nutritional interests of lignin attracted more and more attentions and great progresses have been accomplished. In the present review, the structure, physicochemical properties, dietary occurrence and preparation methods of lignin from food resources were summarized. Then, the versatile activities of food lignin were introduced under the subtitles of antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antidiabetic and other activities. Finally, the potential applications of food lignin were proposed as a food bioactive ingredient, an improver of food package films and a novel material in fabricating drug delivery vehicles and contaminant passivators. Hopefully, this review could bring new insights in exploiting lignin from nutrition- and food-directed views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Tao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fayin Ye
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhou
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Lei
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China.,Chongqing Engineering Research Centre of Regional Foods, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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da Cruz Filho IJ, da Silva Barros BR, de Souza Aguiar LM, Navarro CDC, Ruas JS, de Lorena VMB, de Moraes Rocha GJ, Vercesi AE, de Melo CML, Maior AMS. Lignins isolated from Prickly pear cladodes of the species Opuntia fícus-indica (Linnaeus) Miller and Opuntia cochenillifera (Linnaeus) Miller induces mice splenocytes activation, proliferation and cytokines production. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 123:1331-1339. [PMID: 30244129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Opuntia fícus-indica and Opuntia cochenillifera are species of Cactaceae, found in the arid regions of the planet. They present water, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectins, extractives, ashes and lignins. Here we aimed to study the immunomodulatory action of lignins from these two species against mice splenocytes, since no study for this purpose has yet been reported. The antioxidant activities of these lignins were evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, NO assays and total antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide-PE probs and cell proliferation was determined by CFSE. Immunomodulation studies with Opuntia lignins obtained were performed through investigation of ROS levels, cytosolic calcium release, changes on mitochondrial membrane potential, cytokine production and NO release. Results showed that Opuntia cochenillifera lignin presented more phenolic amount and antioxidant activities than Opuntia ficius-indica. Both lignins showed high cell viability (>96%) and cell proliferation. Activation signal was observed for both lignins with increase of ROS and cytosolic calcium levels, and changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, lignins induced high TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 production and reduced NO release. Therefore, these lignins present great potential to be used as molecules with a proinflammatory profile, being shown as a promising therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranildo José da Cruz Filho
- Laboratory of Biothecnological Process, Antibiotics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Rafaela da Silva Barros
- Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analyzes, Antibiotics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Lethícia Maria de Souza Aguiar
- Laboratory of Immunological and Antitumor Analyzes, Antibiotics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Silveira Ruas
- Laboratory of Bioenergetic, Department of Clinical Patology, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - George Jackson de Moraes Rocha
- National Laboratory of Bioethanol Science and Technology, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aníbal Eugênio Vercesi
- Laboratory of Bioenergetic, Department of Clinical Patology, Campinas State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Souto Maior
- Laboratory of Biothecnological Process, Antibiotics Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Lignosulfonic acid attenuates NF-κB activation and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ in Caco-2 cells. J Nat Med 2017; 72:448-455. [PMID: 29275476 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-017-1167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes mycelia solid culture extract (MSCE) is used as a medical food ingredient and provides beneficial effects to patients with cancer and chronic type C hepatitis. Low molecular weight lignin (LM-lignin), which is an active component of MSCE, exhibits hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiviral, and immunomodulatory effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of LM-lignin/lignosulfonic acid on intestinal barrier function. Lignosulfonic acid enhanced transepithelial membrane electrical resistance in human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. In Caco-2 cells treated with lignosulfonic acid, expression of claudin-2, which forms high conductive cation pores in tight junctions (TJs), was decreased. Lignosulfonic acid also attenuated the barrier dysfunction that is caused by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in Caco-2 cells. TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced activation of NF-κB, such as translocation of NF-κB p65 into the nucleus and induction of gene expression, was inhibited by lignosulfonic acid treatment. Furthermore, lignosulfonic acid decreased the TNF-α- and IFN-γ-induced increase in interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 expression in Caco-2 cells. These results suggest that lignosulfonic acid not only enhances TJ barrier function but also restores TJ barrier integrity impaired by inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, lignosulfonic acid may be beneficial for the treatment of inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction observed in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Vinardell MP, Mitjans M. Lignins and Their Derivatives with Beneficial Effects on Human Health. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18061219. [PMID: 28590454 PMCID: PMC5486042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of the pharmacological applications of lignins provides evidence of their protective role against the development of different diseases. In many cases, the effects of lignins could be explained by their antioxidant capacity. Here, we present a systematic review of the literature from the period 2010–2016 which provides information concerning new applications of lignins derived from recent research. The most promising findings are reported, including the methodologies employed and results obtained with lignins or their derivatives which may improve human health. We highlight potential applications in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, thrombosis, viral infections and cancer. Moreover, we report both that lignins can be used in the preparation of nanoparticles to deliver different drugs and also their use in photoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Vinardell
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Mitjans
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Avinguda Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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