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Choi H, Kim Y, Kim S, Kwon SW, Lee D, Han BH, Hong SB, Naito H, Yamada T, Hamada M, Heo J. Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov., isolated from fermented cattle feed. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38446021 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Strain BSF-3MT is a Gram-stain-positive, non-flagellated, facultative anaerobic and rod-shaped bacterium that was isolated from fermented feed collected at a cattle farm in the Daejeon region of the Republic of Korea. It was studied using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences and the resulting phylogenetic tree, the strain was primarily identified as a member of the genus Lacticaseibacillus. Strain BSF-3MT contained a chromosome of 2.5 Mbp and a plasmid of 33.4 kbp. The G+C content of genomic DNA was 51.3 mol%. Strain BSF-3MT had the highest ortho-average nucleotide identity value of 73.7 % with Lacticaseibacillus songhuajiangensis 7-19T, its closest relative in the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences and the phylogenomic tree based on up-to-date bacterial core genes. Based on the results of a polyphasic taxonomic study, strain BSF-3MT represents a novel species in the genus Lacticaseibacillus, for which the name Lacticaseibacillus pabuli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BSF-3MT (=KACC 23028T=NBRC 116014T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyorim Choi
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiseul Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Kim
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Wo Kwon
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Daseul Lee
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Hak Han
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Beom Hong
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanako Naito
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamada
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Moriyuki Hamada
- NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8, Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jun Heo
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Khejornsart P, Meenongyai W, Juntanam T. Cassava pulp added to fermented total mixed rations increased tropical sheep's nutrient utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2022; 9:754-760. [PMID: 36714507 PMCID: PMC9868789 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2022.i645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The price of animal production will be affected by the significant increase in feed costs. The objective of this research was to investigate the impact of adding waste cassava pulp to fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) on nutrient utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis in tropical sheep. Materials and Methods A 3 × 3 replicated Latin square design was used to randomly arrange nine crossbreed lambs (Santa Inês × Dorper) with an initial body weight (BW) of 18.7 ± 1.6 kg (mean ± SD). During a 21-day trial, the animal was offered a random selection of concentrate diets and rice straw (control), total mixed ration (TMR), or FTMR. During the investigation, data on nutrition utilization, rumen ecology, and microbial protein synthesis were analyzed using analysis of variance. Results The finding shows that FTMR had significantly higher dry matter (DM) intake and DM intake per BW than either TMR or control (p < 0.05). Lamb fed on FTMR had significantly higher DM, organic matter protein, crude protein, and neutral detergent fiber digestion than those on control or TMR (p < 0.05). Rumen pH values for all treatments ranged from 6.68 to 6.73, with no significant differences. Growing lambs fed FTMR had greater rumen total volatile fatty acid and propionic acid concentrations than those given TMR and the control (p < 0.05). Protozoa were not different across the FTMR groups, although total bacterial and fungal zoospores were increased. In addition, when lambs were fed FTMR containing cassava pulp, ruminal microbial protein synthesis was significantly increased. Conclusion It could indicate that feeding growing lambs with FTMR could improve nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, and microbial protein synthesis. However, studies on the effects of FTMR on sheep performance, meat quality, and milk quality are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pichad Khejornsart
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Watcharawit Meenongyai
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Theerayut Juntanam
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
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Liu M, Wang Y, Li Y, Si Q, Bao J, Ge G, Wang Z, Jia Y, Du S. Effects of alfalfa and oat supplementation in fermented total mixed rations on growth performances, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in lambs. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yang T, Yang J, Tang K, Zhi W, Chen R, Tan H. Antioxidative properties analysis of gastrointestinal lactic acid bacteria in Hainan black goat and its effect on the aerobic stability of total mixed ration. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:974925. [PMID: 36110299 PMCID: PMC9468487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.974925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, lactic acid bacteria strains (HCS-01, HCS-05, HCS-07, HCW-08, and HCW-09) derived from the gastrointestinal tract of Hainan black goat were evaluated for their antioxidant capacity in vitro, and the lactic acid bacteria with strong antioxidant capacity were screened for application to improve the aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR). The results showed that all the tested lactic acid bacteria had a certain tolerance to hydrogen peroxide. By comprehensively comparing the scavenging abilities of fermentation supernatants, whole cell bacterial suspensions and cell contents of five lactic acid bacteria strains to 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions, and their antioxidant enzyme activity, it was found that Lactobacillus fermentum HCS-05 and Lactobacillus plantarum HCW-08 have the strongest comprehensive antioxidant capacity, and their scavenging capacity for various free radicals has reached more than 60%. Using strains HCS-05, HCW-08 and laboratory-preserved Lactobacillus plantarum HDX1 fermented TMR, the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of the feed after 60 days of fermentation were significantly higher than those of the blank treatment group. The effect of mixed strains HCS-05 and HCS-08 for TMR fermentation was the best (P < 0.05). At the same time, the fermentation effect of Lactobacillus plantarum HDX1 on TMR was significantly lower than that of the selected lactic acid bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of Hainan black goats (P < 0.05). The results show that the test strain can significantly improve the aerobic stability of the fermented feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Jinsong Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Jinsong Yang,
| | - Kai Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Wenbo Zhi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Rong Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Haisheng Tan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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Lee S, Lee SM, Lee J, Kim EJ. Feeding strategies with total mixed ration and concentrate may improve feed intake and carcass quality of Hanwoo steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:1086-1097. [PMID: 34796349 PMCID: PMC8564298 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of using total mixed ration (TMR) and concentrate
on feed intake, daily gain, carcass yield grade, and carcass quality grade of
Hanwoo steers and its subsequent economic efficiency. Thirty six 7-month-old
Hanwoo steers were assigned to one of the four treatment groups, and each group
was divided into three repeated pens, with each repeated pen comprising three
steers. The treatment groups were: 1) separate feeding with commercial
concentrate and forage (namely, SCF) for the entire experimental period; 2) TMR
feeding for a growing period followed by SCF for the early and late fattening
period (namely, TMRGSCF); 3) TMR feeding for growing and an early fattening
period followed by SCF for the late fattening period (namely, TMREFSCF); and 4)
TMR feeding for the entire experimental period (namely, TMRW). The results
showed that the SCF treatment had significantly (p <
0.05) higher feed intake during the growing period than other treatments. In
contrast, the total feed intake had little difference during early and late
fattening as well as the whole period regardless of feeding strategies. Daily
gain showed no difference during the growing period. However, it was
significantly higher in SCF and TMREFSCF treatments for the early and late
fattening period, respectively (p < 0.05). The daily
gain during the total raising period is in the order of TMREFSCF >
TMRGSCF > SCF > TMRW. Carcass characteristics, including carcass
weight, loin eye muscle area, and carcass yield grade, did not significantly
differ among different treatments. However, TMRW treatment, wherein TMR was fed
for a long time, showed that the cold carcass weight was less compared with
other treatments, but carcass yield grade was higher with thinner backfat.
Backfat thickness was in the order of SCF > TMRGSCF > TMREFSCF
> TMRW, showing that the thickness reduced with longer TMR feeding
(p < 0.05). TMRGSCF, which numerically had a higher
carcass quality grade, showed higher economic efficiency, whereas SCF showed low
economic efficiency. In conclusion, it was more feasible to apply TMR strategy
in the growing and early fattening period and then SCF for the early or late
fattening period to improve carcass yield, quality grade, and economic
efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyung Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Sang Moo Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Jaehun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
| | - Eun Joong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Korea
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Yusuf HA, Piao M, Ma T, Huo R, Tu Y. Effect of lactic acid bacteria and yeast supplementation on anti-nutritional factors and chemical composition of fermented total mixed ration containing cottonseed meal or rapeseed meal. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:556-566. [PMID: 34530504 PMCID: PMC8902213 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the appropriate supplementation level of lactic acid bacteria (LAB; Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus clausii), yeast (Saccharomyces cariocanus and Wickerhamomyces anomalus) for degrading free gossypol and glucosinolate in the fermented total mixed ration (TMR) containing cottonseed meal (CSM) or rapeseed meal (RSM), to improve the utilization efficiency of these protein sources. Methods For LAB, L. plantarum or B. clausii was inoculated at 1.0×108, 1.0×109, 1.0×1010, and 1.0×1011 colony-forming unit (CFU)/kg dry matter (DM), respectively. For yeast, S. cariocanus or W. anomalus was inoculated at 5×106, 5×107, 5×108, and 5×109 CFU/kg DM, respectively. The TMR had 50% moisture and was incubated at 30°C for 48 h. After fermentation, the chemical compositions, and the contents of free gossypol and glucosinolate were determined. Results The results showed that the concentration of free gossypol content was reduced (p<0.05), while that of the crude protein content was increased (p<0.05) in the TMR containing CSM inoculated by B. clausii (1×109 CFU/kg DM) or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/kg DM). Similarly, the content of glucosinolate was lowered (p<0.05) and the crude protein content was increased (p<0.05) in TMR containing RSM inoculated with B. clausii (1×1010 CFU/kg DM) or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/g DM). Conclusion This study confirmed that inclusion of B. clausii with 1.0×109 or 1.0×1010 CFU/kg DM, or S. cariocanus (5×109 CFU/kg DM) to TMR containing CSM/RSM improved the nutritional value and decreased the contents of anti-nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali Yusuf
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Husbandry, Somali National University, P.O Box 15 Mogadishu, Somali
| | - Minyu Piao
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Tao Ma
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Ruiying Huo
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Tu
- Institute of Feed Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, 100193 Beijing, China
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Son AR, Kim SH, Valencia RA, Jeong CD, Islam M, Yang CJ, Lee SS. Kimchi cabbage ( Brassica rapa L.) by-products treated with calcium oxide and alkaline hydrogen peroxide as feed ingredient for Holstein steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:841-853. [PMID: 34447960 PMCID: PMC8367413 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with calcium oxide (CaO) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) as substitutional ingredient of total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro fermentation, in situ disappearance and growth performance of Holstein steers. Cannulated Holstein (600 ± 47 kg) was used for both the in vitro and in situ experiments. The treatments used were TMR only (CON), TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products fresh matter (FM) basis (TC), TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products FM basis + 5% CaO FM basis (TCC), and TMR + 30% Kimchi cabbage by-products FM basis + 5% CaO FM basis + 3.22% AHP FM basis (TCCA). For in vivo experiment, thirty-four Holstein steers (273 ± 45 kg) were subjected to a 150-day feeding trial, divided into two groups: CON and TC. In the in vitro experiment, pH of TCCA was greatest (p < 0.05) among other treatments at all incubation times. Ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acid concentrations were not significantly different for each treatment. However, butyrate was greater (p < 0.05) in TCC and CON than in both TC and TCCA. During in situ experiment, the dry matter (DM) disappearance was greatest (p < 0.05) in TCCA among other treatments. Also, disappearance of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were observed greatest (p > 0.05) in TCCA treatment. In the in vivo experiment, average daily gain (ADG) did not differ between CON and TC. In blood profile analysis, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and total protein concentration were not significantly different between treatments. But, creatinine concentration was greater (p < 0.05) in TC than in CON. Overall results suggest that Kimchi cabbage by-products either treated or untreated with CaO and AHP can be used as substitutional ingredient in TMR for Holstein steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Raniel A Valencia
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK 21 plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz 3120, Philippines
| | - Chang-Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK 21 plus), Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea.,Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Bharanidharan R, Lee CH, Thirugnanasambantham K, Ibidhi R, Woo YW, Lee HG, Kim JG, Kim KH. Feeding Systems and Host Breeds Influence Ruminal Fermentation, Methane Production, Microbial Diversity and Metagenomic Gene Abundance. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:701081. [PMID: 34354694 PMCID: PMC8329423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.701081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research revealed the advantages of separate feeding (SF) systems compared to total mixed ration (TMR) in terms of ruminal methane (CH4) production. The purpose of this experiment was to confirm the advantage of SF as a nutritional strategy for CH4 mitigation, and to determine the effects of different feeding systems (TMR and SF) on the rumen microbiome and associated metagenome of two different breeds and on CH4 emissions. We randomly allocated four Holstein (305 ± 29 kg) and four Hanwoo steers (292 ± 24 kg) to two groups; the steers were fed a commercial concentrate with tall fescue (75:25) as TMR or SF, in a crossover design (two successive 22-day periods). Neither feeding systems nor cattle breeds had an effect on the total tract digestibility of nutrients. The TMR feeding system and Hanwoo steers generated significantly more CH4 (P < 0.05) and had a higher yield [g/d and g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] compared to the SF system and Holstein steers. A larger rumen acetate:propionate ratio was observed for the TMR than the SF diet (P < 0.05), and for Hanwoo than Holstein steers (P < 0.001), clearly reflecting a shift in the ruminal H2 sink toward CH4 production. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) revealed a greater abundance (α < 0.05 and LDA > 2.0) of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) related to methanogenesis for Hanwoo steers compared to Holstein steers. Kendall’s correlation analysis revealed wide variation of microbial co-occurrence patterns between feeding systems, indicating differential H2 thermodynamics in the rumen. A metagenome analysis of rumen microbes revealed the presence of 430 differentially expressed genes, among which 17 and 27 genes exhibited positive and negative associations with CH4 production, respectively (P < 0.001). A strong interaction between feeding system and breed was observed for microbial and metagenomic abundance. Overall, these results suggest that the TMR feeding system produces more CH4, and that Hanwoo cattle are higher CH4 emitters than SF diet and Holstein cattle, respectively. Interestingly, host-associated microbial interactions differed within each breed depending on the feeding system, which indicated that breed-specific feeding systems should be taken into account for farm management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Cargill Agri Purina Inc., Technology Application Center, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Krishnaraj Thirugnanasambantham
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea.,Pondicherry Centre for Biological Science and Educational Trust, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ridha Ibidhi
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | | | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, SangHa Life Science College, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Geun Kim
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea.,Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea.,Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
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Kim SH, Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Park KK, Cho YI, Son A, Lee SS. Growth performance and blood profiles of Hanwoo steers at fattening stage fed Korean rice wine residue. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 62:812-823. [PMID: 33987562 PMCID: PMC7721570 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.6.812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Korean rice wine residue
(RWR) on the growth performance and blood profiles of Hanwoo steers in the
fattening stage. In situ and in vivo
experiments were conducted to analyze rumen fermentation characteristics and
total tract digestibility, respectively. Three cannulated Hanwoo steers (mean
body weight: 448 ± 30 kg) were used in both analyses. The growth
performance of 27 experimental animals in the fattening stage (initial body
weight: 353.58 ± 9.76 kg) was evaluated after 13 months of feeding. The
animals were divided into three treatment groups (n = 9/group). The treatments
comprised total mixed ration (TMR) only (CON), TMR + 10% RWR (10% RWR), and TMR
+ 15% RWR (15% RWR). The diets of equal proportions were fed daily at 08:00 and
18:00 h based on 2% of the body weight. The animals had free access to water and
trace mineral salts throughout the experiment. Supplementation of 15% RWR
significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the rumen fluid pH
compared with the control treatment, but there was no significant difference in
the total volatile fatty acid concentration. It also significantly increased
(p < 0.05) dry matter digestibility compared with
the other treatments. The total weight gain and average daily gain of the
animals in the RWR-supplemented groups were significantly higher
(p < 0.05) than those in the control group.
Furthermore, the feed intake and feed efficiency of the RWR-supplemented groups
were higher than those of the control group. Supplementation of RWR did not
affect the alcohol, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and
low-density lipoprotein concentrations, and aspartate aminotransferase and
alanine transaminase activities in the blood; these parameters were within the
normal range. The high-density lipoprotein and creatinine concentrations were
significantly higher in the 15% RWR group, whereas the blood urea nitrogen
concentration was significantly higher in the 10% RWR group than in the other
groups. These results suggest that TMR with 15% RWR can serve as an alternate
feed resource for ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sonny C Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Keun Kyu Park
- Animal Resources Research Center, School of Animal Life and Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Arang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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10
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Ku MJ, Mamuad L, Nam KC, Cho YI, Kim SH, Choi YS, Lee SS. The Effects of Total Mixed Ration Feeding with High Roughage Content on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, and Meat Quality of Hanwoo Steers. Food Sci Anim Resour 2021; 41:45-58. [PMID: 33506216 PMCID: PMC7810391 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2020.e73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the dietary effect of total mixed ration (TMR) based on high roughage content on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Twenty-four Hanwoo steers (average body weight, 195.3±4.7 kg; age, 8.5 mon) were randomly allocated to three experimental groups according to forage and concentrate ratio (DM basis): 25:75 (control), 50:50 (T50), and 70:30 (T70). Productivity in the fattening period and final body weight were significantly higher in the control. Average daily gain and feed conversion ratio were the same among treatments. Serum parameters, cholesterol, blood urea nitrogen, and total protein were higher in the control. Carcass weight was comparable in the control and T50 but feeding more roughage was significantly correlated with a higher intramuscular fat. Shear strength and drip loss were higher while n-6/n-3 was lower in T70 compared to the other groups. However, meat color was not significantly different among treatments. In terms of free amino acid contents, glutamic acid and glycine were higher in the control than T50 and T70. Overall, feeding Hanwoo steers with high forage content TMR had the lowest n-6/n-3 ratio of fatty acid content but highest intramuscular fat, shear strength, and drip loss. High forage content TMR is the best feed for Hanwoo steers that gives more benefits for human health and consumption but also provides the best meat grade and quality, which is important in the beef market in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Ku
- Livestock Research Institute, Jeonnam
Agricultural Research and Extension Services,
Gangjin 59213, Korea
| | - Lovelia Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, College of Bio-Industry Science, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Ki Chang Nam
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, College of Bio-Industry Science, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, College of Bio-Industry Science, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, College of Bio-Industry Science, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Young Sun Choi
- Livestock Research Institute, Jeonnam
Agricultural Research and Extension Services,
Gangjin 59213, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, College of Bio-Industry Science, Sunchon National
University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Saturno JFL, Dilawar MA, Mun HS, Kim DH, Rathnayake D, Yang CJ. Meat Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Attributes of Meat from Goats Fed Diet Supplemented with Fermented Saccharina japonica and Dendropanax morbifera. Foods 2020; 9:foods9070937. [PMID: 32679921 PMCID: PMC7404804 DOI: 10.3390/foods9070937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with three concentrations (control or 0%, 0.5% and 1.0%) of fermented Saccharina japonica and Dendropanax morbifera (FSJ-DM) on the meat composition, growth performance, oxidative stability and fatty acid profile of Korean native black goat (KNBG) meat. The feed conversion ratio and body weight gain (1st to 2nd month) were improved significantly (p < 0.05) in response to feed supplemented with 1.0% FSJ-DM. Moisture content was increased, whereas ether extract and cholesterol contents were decreased in meat obtained from goats supplemented with 1.0% FSJ-DM dietary feeds (p < 0.05). In the same diet group, the total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA) were lower, whereas the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) was higher, along with higher PUFA/SFA ratio and lower n-6/n-3 ratio (p < 0.05). On an average, the dietary supplementation of 1.0% FSJ-DM reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and pH values of goat meat. Overall, the results of this study suggest that diet supplemented with 1.0% FSJ-DM improves the meat composition, growth performance and fatty acid profile and reduces lipid oxidation of goat meat.
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Supapong C, Cherdthong A. Effect of sulfur concentrations in fermented total mixed rations containing fresh cassava root on rumen fermentation. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/an18779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Context
Feeding of fresh cassava root in ruminants is limited because it contains a high level of hydrocyanic acid (HCN), which is responsible for poisoning.
Aims
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of sulfur levels supplementation in the fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) containing fresh cassava root as an energy source on the gas kinetics, ruminal fermentation, reduction of HCN concentration and nutrient digestibility in the in vitro gas production.
Methods
The experimental design was a 3 × 4 factorial in a completely randomised design. Dietary treatments contained factor A, which was three levels of sulfur supplementation at 0, 1 and 2% in FTMR, and factor B was ensiling time at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively.
Key results
Concentration of HCN in FTMR was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by 73.7% when sulfur was supplemented in FTMR at 2%. The levels of HCN in FTMR were 2.89, 0.61, 0.61 and 0.49 ppm, for ensiling time of 0, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively (P < 0.01). HCN was reduced when ensiling started at 7 days. Gas production from soluble fractions (a) ranged from –1.2 to –2.4 and was not significant (P > 0.05). Furthermore, gas production from the insoluble fraction (b) ranged from 48.8 to 53.9, and gas production rate constants for the insoluble fraction (c) ranged from 0.1 to 0.2. The potential extent of gas production (a + b) was also unchanged when the concentration of sulfur increased (P > 0.05). In addition, there were no interactions between sulfur levels and ensiling times on all parameters (P > 0.05). In contrast, cumulative gas production (at 96 h of incubation) was significantly different when sulfur increased at 2% (P < 0.05), while ensiling times did not affect cumulative gas production. Ruminal pH was affected by FTMR and decreased with an ensiling time of 21 days, ranging from 6.0 to 6.1 after ensiling. Ensiling time did not affect ruminal ammonia-nitrogen concentration (P > 0.05) among dietary treatments which ranged from 21.2 to 24.0 mg%. FTMR ensiled for 21 days had the highest in in vitro dry matter digestibility, an in vitro neutral detergent fibre and in vitro acid detergent fibre digestibility which were 61.0–62.5, 35.1–43.1 and 22.3–25.9% dry matter (DM) respectively. Regarding the concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid, ranges from 94.7 to 113.6 mmol/L, 59.3 to 67.4, 20.2 to 25.9 and 11.3 to 13.8 mol/100 mol, respectively, were observed and did not differ among treatments (P > 0.05). The concentration of total VFA relative to the sulfur level and ensiling time had no effect on ruminal VFA concentrations. However, exceedingly high percentages of sulfur (2% of the DM) in the diet tend to increase total VFA concentration.
Conclusions
Using of 2% sulfur supplementation in TMR containing fresh cassava root fermented could improve the kinetics of gas and nutrient digestibility while maintaining ruminal fermentation parameters and the rate of HCN disappearance.
Implications
These findings should be examined in further in vivo experiments in order to increase animal performance.
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Effects of Sulfur Levels in Fermented Total Mixed Ration Containing Fresh Cassava Root on Feed Utilization, Rumen Characteristics, Microbial Protein Synthesis, and Blood Metabolites in Thai Native Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9050261. [PMID: 31117278 PMCID: PMC6562378 DOI: 10.3390/ani9050261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Feeding of fresh cassava root to animals is restricted because it contains hydrocyanic acid at a high level, which is the origin for poisoning. High levels of hydrocyanic acid from fresh cassava root could be detoxified by sulfur addition to become nontoxic to cattle. The addition of 2% sulfur in a fermented total mixed ration containing fresh cassava root and ensiling for 7 days could improve dry matter digestibility, efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, and concentrations of total volatile fatty acid, propionic acid, and blood thiocyanate. Abstract The influence of sulfur included in fermented total mixed ration (FTMR) containing fresh cassava root on rumen characteristics, microbial protein synthesis, and blood metabolites in cattle was evaluated. Four Thai native beef cattle were randomly assigned according to a 2 × 2 factorial in a 4 × 4 Latin square design, and dietary treatments were as follows: factor A included a level of sulfur at 1% and 2% in total mixed ration, and factor B featured ensiling times at zero and 7 days. Digestibility of dry matter was increased when FTMR was supplemented with 2% sulfur. Blood thiocyanate increased by 69.5% when ensiling time was 7 days compared to no ensiling (p < 0.01). Bacterial populations were significantly different in the FTMR containing sulfur at 2% and 7 days of ensiling. Furthermore, microbial crude protein and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis were higher in the FTMR containing 2% sulfur and 7 days of ensiling (p < 0.01). Thus, high levels of hydrocyanic acid from fresh cassava root could be detoxified by a sulfur addition with an ensiling process to become nontoxic to cattle.
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Kim TI, Lim DH, Jang SS, Kim SB, Park SM, Park JH, Ki KS, Mayakrishnan V. Effects of supplementing Barodon, Bacillus subtilis, and Ampbio on growth performance, biochemical metabolites, and hormone levels in Korean native heifers. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1637-1643. [PMID: 29721804 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1606-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementing feed additives of Barodon®, effective microorganism® (Bacillus (B.) subtilis), and Ampbio® on the growth performance, blood metabolites, stress, and reproductive hormone levels of Korean native heifers. A total of 48 Korean native heifers were assigned to four groups with 6 heifers in each group. The groups were control, Barodon (0.2%), beneficial microorganism (1%), and Ampbio (1%). Animals in all groups were fed a basal diet composed of selected feed additives and water ad libitum for 99 days. Results showed that there are significant changes in body weight and daily gain in the Ampbio-supplemented group as compared with the control and other feed additives groups (p < 0.05). The increased level of feed intake (7.30 ± 0.03 kg) and feed requirements (10.81 ± 0.52 kg) was observed in the Ampbio-fed group followed by the effective microorganism (EM), Barodon, and control groups. There were no significant changes in albumin, glucose, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and total protein level, but the decreased levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides and the increased level of blood urea nitrogen were noted in the Ampbio-fed group as compared with the control and other feed additive groups. The reduced level of cortisol (p < 0.05) and elevated levels of progesterone and estradiol (p > 0.05) were noted in the Ampbio-fed group as compared to the other feed additive groups. It is therefore concluded that incorporation of Barodon, EM (B. subtilis), and Ampbio in the recommended diet improved the growth and health performance of Korean native heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Il Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Lim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Sik Jang
- Hanwoo Research Institute, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Pyeongchang-gun, 25340, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Bum Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Min Park
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hoo Park
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Seok Ki
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijayakumar Mayakrishnan
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan-si, 31000, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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Chacko B, Mohan KMS, Ally K, Shyama K, Anil KS, Sathian CT. Effect of paddy straw plus nonforage fiber sources based complete rations with different levels of neutral detergent fiber on hemato-biochemical and mineral profile of lactating dairy cows. Vet World 2017; 10:836-842. [PMID: 28831232 PMCID: PMC5553157 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2017.836-842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study was conducted to assess the effect of feeding paddy straw plus nonforage fiber sources based complete rations with different levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on hemato-biochemical and mineral parameters of lactating dairy cows. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for 6 months in 18 lactating dairy cows, divided into three groups of six each, by feeding them on paddy straw plus nonforage fiber sources based complete rations containing different levels of NDF, in two phases of 3 months (90 days) each, being the early and mid lactation phases, respectively. Three isonitrogenous and isocaloric complete rations, T1, T2 and T3 with 25%, 30% and 35% NDF, respectively, were fed to the experimental animals. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and the end of each of the two phases to estimate the different hematological, plasma protein, and mineral parameters to know the overall health status of the animals and standard methods were followed to analyze the samples. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in various hematological parameters such as hemoglobin, glucose, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in blood; plasma protein parameters such as total protein, albumin, globulin and albumin: globulin ratio and mineral parameters such as plasma calcium and phosphorus levels at the beginning and end of Phase I (1st day and 90th day) and Phase II (91st day and 180th day) as well as between the three dietary treatments, with all the values being in the normal range for lactating dairy cows. Even though nonsignificant (p>0.05), the BUN values of animals fed on ration T1, both at the beginning and end of Phase I, were higher than that of animals fed on rations T2 and T3 because the diet T1 with lowest NDF and the highest soluble carbohydrate content underwent rapid fermentation in the rumen, produced more energy, which was utilized by the rumen microbes to degrade the protein in the feed to ammonia, the excess ammonia being transported to the liver and excreted through the blood resulting in a higher BUN content. Conclusion: Feeding of paddy straw plus nonforage fiber sources based complete rations with different levels of NDF had no effect on hemato-biochemical and mineral profile as well as overall health status of lactating dairy cows. However, the higher, BUN values found in cows fed on diet T1 with 25% NDF as compared to those fed on T2 and T3 with 30% and 35% NDF, respectively, indicate more wastage of protein in T1 as compared to T2 and T3, in early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biju Chacko
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K M Syam Mohan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K Ally
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K Shyama
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - K S Anil
- University Livestock Farm & Fodder Research and Development Scheme, Mannuthy - 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - C T Sathian
- Department of Dairy Science, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Mannuthy - 680 651, Thrissur, Kerala, India
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Chung CS, Cho WK, Jang IS, Lee SS, Moon YH. Effects of feeding system on growth performance, plasma biochemical components and hormones, and carcass characteristics in Hanwoo steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017; 30:1117-1123. [PMID: 28669143 PMCID: PMC5494485 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.17.0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to compare growth performance, blood components and carcass traits by two feeding systems (concentrate with roughage separately [CON] vs total mixed ration [TMR]) in Hanwoo steers, and to learn the relationship between blood components during fattening or finishing phases and carcass traits in Hanwoo steers. METHODS Sixty steers aged 8 months were allotted to two feeding systems and fed similar amounts of average dry matter and total digestible nutrient throughout whole experimental period according to each feeding program. Steers were weighed monthly, taken blood at the end of growing, fattening and finishing periods, and slaughtered at 30 month of age. RESULTS Growing performance was higher (p<0.05) in the CON group compared to the TMR group during fattening and finishing periods. The CON group was lower (p<0.05) in blood aspartic acid transaminase, blood urea nitrogen and retinol levels during growing period, but higher in triglyceride and cholesterol levels during fattening and finishing periods compared to the TMR group. The CON group was greater (p<0.05) in rib-eye area, and lighter (p<0.05) red in meat color compared to the TMR group. In the correlation coefficients between blood components of steers and carcass traits, retinol had a negative (p<0.05) correlation with marbling score and rib-eye area. Leptin had a positive (p<0.05) correlation with back fat thickness. Blood cholesterol and triglyceride were positively (p<0.05) correlated with carcass weight and rib-eye area. CONCLUSION Growth performance, carcass ribeye area and meat color showed a more desirable result in the CON compared to the TMR in Hanwoo steers. Assessing the accumulated data of carcass traits with blood components including hormones-particularly retinol, cholesterol, triglyceride, and leptin-during the fattening or finishing phases, it may be possible to find a biomarker for determining beef quality in living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Sung Chung
- Gyeonggido Livestock and Veterinary Service, Suwon 16381, Korea
| | - Woong Ki Cho
- Division of Applied Life Science(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science), BK21 plus, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - In Seok Jang
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science(Institute of Agriculture & Life Science), BK21 plus, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Yea Hwang Moon
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology Jinju 52725, Korea
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Meenongyai W, Pattarajinda V, Stelzleni AM, Sethakul J, Duangjinda M. Effects of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and performance of growing Holstein-Zebu cross steers. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:1372-1379. [PMID: 28370998 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effect of forage ensiling and ration fermentation on total mixed ration pH, ruminal fermentation and animal performance. Thirty Holstein-Zebu cross steers were allotted to feeding treatments for 188 days in a randomized complete block design including: fresh grass-total mixed ration (GTMR; pH 4.7), grass silage-TMR (STMR; pH 4.0) and fermented-TMR (FTMR; pH 3.5). Average daily gain for STMR was greatest during the first 3 months period; however, that for FTMR tended to be greater than GTMR during the second 3 months period (P < 0.10). During the second period dry matter intake for STMR was the greatest (P < 0.01), but feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) and cost per gain (P < 0.01) were the least for FTMR. Protein digestibility tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for FTMR than STMR and fat digestibility was greater (P < 0.05) for GTMR and FTMR than STMR. FTMR had less (P < 0.01) ruminal NH3 -N content than STMR. Total volatile fatty acids post-feeding was greatest for GTMR (P < 0.01). Ruminal proportions of acetic and butyric acids were greater for FTMR than GTMR (P < 0.05); in contrast, propionic acid was greater for GTMR (P < 0.05). Utilizing silage or total ration fermentation did not negatively impact on ruminal pH. STMR and FTMRs can be used to maintain performance of growing crossbred Holstein steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharawit Meenongyai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Virote Pattarajinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Jutarat Sethakul
- Department of Animal Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Monchai Duangjinda
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Liu X, Cao G, Wang Q, Yao X, Fang B. The effect of Bacillus coagulans-fermented and nonfermented Ginkgo biloba on the immunity status of broiler chickens. J Anim Sci 2016; 93:3384-94. [PMID: 26440007 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-8902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate and compare the effects of Bacillus coagulans-fermented Ginkgo biloba (FG) and nonfermented Ginkgo biloba (NFG) on the immunity status of broiler chickens, 180 1-d-old female Arbor Acres chicks were divided into 3 groups and fed either a basal diet, a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% NFG, or a basal diet supplemented with 0.3% FG. Blood samples were taken on the seventh (before vaccination), 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th day for the assessment of serum IL-18 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) levels by ELISA. In addition, Newcastle disease antibody titer analysis was made via hemagglutination and hemagglutination inhibition test methods. On d 35, 6 chickens from each group were sacrificed and the thymus, liver, spleen, small intestine (jejunum segment), cecum, and bursa of Fabricius from each chicken were removed for analysis. RNA was isolated for defensin expression detection by real-time PCR (q-PCR). The results showed that serum IL-18 and IFN-γ levels decreased after treatment with NFG and FG compared with untreated control chickens. The ND antibody titers did not differ significantly between the 3 groups on the seventh, 14th, 21st and 28th day; however, on the 35th day, the ND antibody titers of the NFG and FG chickens were both significantly higher than those of control group chickens. Defensin RNA expression levels were inhibited by NFG; however, they were induced by FG. In conclusion, fermentation of Ginkgo biloba with Bacillus coagulans can promote the beneficial effect of Gingko biloba on the immunity status of broiler chickens.
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Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Ko JY, Sung HG, Park KK, Lee YK, Lee SS. Rumen fermentation and performance of Hanwoo steers fed total mixed ration with Korean rice wine residue. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:4. [PMID: 26807266 PMCID: PMC4722661 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). The rumen fluid was collected from three Hanwoo steers and mixed with buffer solution, after which buffered rumen fluid was transferred into serum bottles containing 2 g dry matter (DM) of TMR added with or without RWR. The samples were then incubated for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h at 39 °C and 100 rpm. For the in vivo experiment, 27 Hanwoo steers (6 months old) with an average weight of 196 ± 8.66 kg were subjected to a 24-week feeding trial. The animals were randomly selected and equally distributed into three groups. After which the body weight, feed intake and blood characteristics of each group were investigated. Results The pH of the treatments decreased significantly relative to the control during the 12 h of incubation. Total gas production and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was not affected by RWR addition. The total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower after 24 h of incubation but at other incubation times, the concentration was not affected by treatments. Feed cost was 8 % and 15 % lower in T1 and T2 compared to control. Blood alcohol was not detected and a significant increase in total weight gain and average daily gain were observed in Hanwoo steers fed with RWR. Conclusion Overall, the results of this study suggest that TMR amended with 15 % RWR can be used as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce feed cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Ko
- National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 456-824 South Korea
| | - Ha Guyn Sung
- Adbiotech Co. Ltd., Chun-Cheon City, 200-880 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Kyu Park
- Animal Resources Research Center, School of Animal Life and Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Lee
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanjugun, Jeollabukdo, South Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
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Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Soriano AP, Cho KK, Jeon CO, Lee SS, Lee SS. Effect of Soybean Meal and Soluble Starch on Biogenic Amine Production and Microbial Diversity Using In vitro Rumen Fermentation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:50-7. [PMID: 25557675 PMCID: PMC4283188 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and soluble starch (SS) on biogenic amine production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to SS as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic amine and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of SS. Samples with higher proportion of SS resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in NH3-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive SS. Similarly, exclusive SS had the lowest NH3-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing methane (CH4) concentrations were observed with time, and CH4 concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than SS. Balanced proportion of SM and SS had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of SS. Moreover, biogenic amine (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, amine index and total amines were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of SS (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 (uncultured bacterium clone RB-5E1) and R4 (uncultured rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 (uncultured Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 (Selenomonas sp. MCB2), R8 (Selenomonas ruminantium gene) and R9 (Selenomonas ruminantium strain LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of SS. Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, NH3-N, CH4, BA, volatile fatty acid and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and carbohydrate ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Dae Jeong
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Choi
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Alvin P Soriano
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Che-Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sung Sil Lee
- Division of Applied Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
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Mamuad L, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Choi YJ, Jeon CO, Lee SS. Effect of fumarate reducing bacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane mitigation and microbial diversity. J Microbiol 2014; 52:120-8. [PMID: 24500476 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways involved in hydrogen (H(2)) production, utilization and the activity of methanogens are the important factors that should be considered in controlling methane (CH(4)) emissions by ruminants. H(2) as one of the major substrate for CH(4) production is therefore should be controlled. One of the strategies on reducing CH(4) is through the use of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms such as fumarate reducing bacteria. This study determined the effect of fumarate reducing bacteria, Mitsuokella jalaludinii, supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, CH(4) production, diversity and quantity. M. jalaludinii significantly reduced CH(4) at 48 and 72 h of incubation and significantly increased succinate at 24 h. Although not significantly different, propionate was found to be highest in treatment containing M. jalaludinii at 12 and 48 h of incubation. These results suggest that supplementation of fumarate reducing bacteria to ruminal fermentation reduces CH(4) production and quantity, increases succinate and changes the rumen microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovelia Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Republic of Korea
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