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Ren S, Li J, Dorado J, Sierra A, González-Díaz H, Duardo A, Shen B. From molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer to translational applications: based on multi-omics fusion analysis and intelligent medicine. Health Inf Sci Syst 2024; 12:6. [PMID: 38125666 PMCID: PMC10728428 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-023-00264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide and has a high mortality rate. The complex and heterogeneous development of prostate cancer has become a core obstacle in the treatment of prostate cancer. Simultaneously, the issues of overtreatment in early-stage diagnosis, oligometastasis and dormant tumor recognition, as well as personalized drug utilization, are also specific concerns that require attention in the clinical management of prostate cancer. Some typical genetic mutations have been proved to be associated with prostate cancer's initiation and progression. However, single-omic studies usually are not able to explain the causal relationship between molecular alterations and clinical phenotypes. Exploration from a systems genetics perspective is also lacking in this field, that is, the impact of gene network, the environmental factors, and even lifestyle behaviors on disease progression. At the meantime, current trend emphasizes the utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning techniques to process extensive multidimensional data, including multi-omics. These technologies unveil the potential patterns, correlations, and insights related to diseases, thereby aiding the interpretable clinical decision making and applications, namely intelligent medicine. Therefore, there is a pressing need to integrate multidimensional data for identification of molecular subtypes, prediction of cancer progression and aggressiveness, along with perosonalized treatment performing. In this review, we systematically elaborated the landscape from molecular mechanism discovery of prostate cancer to clinical translational applications. We discussed the molecular profiles and clinical manifestations of prostate cancer heterogeneity, the identification of different states of prostate cancer, as well as corresponding precision medicine practices. Taking multi-omics fusion, systems genetics, and intelligence medicine as the main perspectives, the current research results and knowledge-driven research path of prostate cancer were summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ren
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Jiakun Li
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Julián Dorado
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sierra
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Humbert González-Díaz
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Aliuska Duardo
- Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
- IKERDATA S.L., ZITEK, University of Basque Country UPVEHU, Rectorate Building, 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Bairong Shen
- Department of Urology and Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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2
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Paniagua-Herranz L, Moreno I, Nieto-Jiménez C, Garcia-Lorenzo E, Díaz-Tejeiro C, Sanvicente A, Doger B, Pedregal M, Ramón J, Bartolomé J, Manzano A, Gyorffy B, Gutierrez-Uzquiza Á, Pérez Segura P, Calvo E, Moreno V, Ocana A. Genomic and Immunologic Correlates in Prostate Cancer with High Expression of KLK2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2222. [PMID: 38396898 PMCID: PMC10889228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The identification of surfaceome proteins is a main goal in cancer research to design antibody-based therapeutic strategies. T cell engagers based on KLK2, a kallikrein specifically expressed in prostate cancer (PRAD), are currently in early clinical development. Using genomic information from different sources, we evaluated the immune microenvironment and genomic profile of prostate tumors with high expression of KLK2. KLK2 was specifically expressed in PRAD but it was not significant associated with Gleason score. Additionally, KLK2 expression did not associate with the presence of any immune cell population and T cell activating markers. A mild correlation between the high expression of KLK2 and the deletion of TMPRSS2 was identified. KLK2 expression associated with high levels of surface proteins linked with a detrimental response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including CHRNA2, FAM174B, OR51E2, TSPAN1, PTPRN2, and the non-surface protein TRPM4. However, no association of these genes with an outcome in PRAD was observed. Finally, the expression of these genes in PRAD did not associate with an outcome in PRAD and any immune populations. We describe the immunologic microenvironment on PRAD tumors with a high expression of KLK2, including a gene signature linked with an inert immune microenvironment, that predicts the response to ICIs in other tumor types. Strategies targeting KLK2 with T cell engagers or antibody-drug conjugates will define whether T cell mobilization or antigen release and stimulation of immune cell death are sufficient effects to induce clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Paniagua-Herranz
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Irene Moreno
- START MadridCentro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, 28050 Madrid, Spain (J.R.)
| | - Cristina Nieto-Jiménez
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | | | - Cristina Díaz-Tejeiro
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Adrián Sanvicente
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Bernard Doger
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain (V.M.)
| | - Manuel Pedregal
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain (V.M.)
| | - Jorge Ramón
- START MadridCentro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, 28050 Madrid, Spain (J.R.)
| | - Jorge Bartolomé
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Arancha Manzano
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Balázs Gyorffy
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Cancer Biomarker Research Group, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok Korutja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Álvaro Gutierrez-Uzquiza
- Departamento Bioquímica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Ospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez Segura
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
| | - Emiliano Calvo
- START MadridCentro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal, 28050 Madrid, Spain (J.R.)
| | - Víctor Moreno
- START Madrid-FJD, Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain (V.M.)
| | - Alberto Ocana
- Experimental Therapeutics Unit, Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos (HCSC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), 28040 Madrid, Spain (A.S.); (P.P.S.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Oncología (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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3
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Al Shareef Z, Al-Shahrabi R, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, AlDhmanie A, Alshamsi Y, Zarooni AA, Mahmoud RA, Soliman SSM, Halwani R, Bendardaf R. Incidence and risk factors of prostate cancer among the Northern and Eastern parts of the United Arab Emirates population. Prostate 2024; 84:185-192. [PMID: 37969038 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent disease worldwide. However, the incidence and patient-specific risk factors of PCa in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates, have not been previously reported. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 2377 men diagnosed with either benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) or PCa in the Northern and Eastern regions of the United Arab Emirates, excluding the Western part, which includes Abu Dhabi. The study spanned from January 2012 and December 2021. To calculate the PCa incidence rate, we utilized the world age-standardized incidence rates (W-ASIR) categorized by age groups. Patient-specific risk factors of PCa were identified through a multivariate logistic regression analysis of clinical data. RESULTS A total of 247 cases of PCa and 2130 cases of BPH were included in the study. In our cohort, the W-ASIR for PCa was 21.3 per 100,000 men. The incidence of PCa showed an increasing trend with age, with the highest incidence observed among men aged 70 years and older. Accordingly, multivariate analysis revealed that age over 70 was associated with an increased risk of PCa (OR: 2.546, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.892-3.425, p < 0.01). On the other hand, preexisting conditions such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were found to lower the risk of PCa (OR: 0.222, 95% CI: 0.163-0.302, p < 0.001) and (OR: 0.364, 95% CI: 0.205-0.648, p < 0.001), respectively. Additionally, metformin intake was associated with a reduced risk of PCa (OR: 0.385, 95% CI: 0.190-0.782, p = 0.008); while insulin usage increased the risk of PCa (OR: 2.586, 95% CI: 1.539-4.344, p < 0.001). Anti-BPH medications such as phosphodiesterase inhibitors (OR: 0.223, 95% CI: 0.069-0.723, p = 0.012) or 5-α reductase (OR: 0.206, 95% CI: 0.110-0.389, p < 0.000), were found to lower the risk of PCa. CONCLUSION The findings underscore the high incidence of PCa in the United Arab Emirates, with age being a significant factor. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of certain comorbidities and medications on the risk of developing PCa within the United Arab Emirates population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rula Al-Shahrabi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amna AlDhmanie
- Data & Statistics Department, Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Rabah Al Mahmoud
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Riyad Bendardaf
- Oncology Unit, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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4
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Chung BH, Huang J, Uemura H, Choi YD, Ye ZQ, Suzuki H, Kang TW, He DL, Joung JY, Brookman-May SD, McCarthy S, Bhaumik A, Singh A, Mundle S, Chowdhury S, Agarwal N, Ye DW, Chi KN, Uemura H. Apalutamide for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: final analysis of the Asian subpopulation in the TITAN trial. Asian J Androl 2023; 25:653-661. [PMID: 37322621 DOI: 10.4103/aja202320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The final analysis of the phase 3 Targeted Investigational Treatment Analysis of Novel Anti-androgen (TITAN) trial showed improvement in overall survival (OS) and other efficacy endpoints with apalutamide plus androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) versus ADT alone in patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). As ethnicity and regional differences may affect treatment outcomes in advanced prostate cancer, a post hoc final analysis was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of apalutamide in the Asian subpopulation. Event-driven endpoints were OS, and time from randomization to initiation of castration resistance, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, and second progression-free survival (PFS2) on first subsequent therapy or death. Efficacy endpoints were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional-hazards models without formal statistical testing and adjustment for multiplicity. Participating Asian patients received once-daily apalutamide 240 mg ( n = 111) or placebo ( n = 110) plus ADT. After a median follow-up of 42.5 months and despite crossover of 47 placebo recipients to open-label apalutamide, apalutamide reduced the risk of death by 32% (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-1.13), risk of castration resistance by 69% (HR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.21-0.46), PSA progression by 79% (HR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.13-0.35) and PFS2 by 24% (HR: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.44-1.29) relative to placebo. The outcomes were comparable between subgroups with low- and high-volume disease at baseline. No new safety issues were identified. Apalutamide provides valuable clinical benefits to Asian patients with mCSPC, with an efficacy and safety profile consistent with that in the overall patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ha Chung
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, South Korea
| | - Jian Huang
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510123, China
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Yokohama City University Medical Center, Minami-ku, Yokohama, Kanagwa 232-0024, Japan
| | - Young Deuk Choi
- Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Zhang-Qun Ye
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | | | - Taek Won Kang
- Chonnam National University Hospital and Medical School, Gwangju 61469, South Korea
| | - Da-Lin He
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Prostate Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, South Korea
| | - Sabine D Brookman-May
- Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA 19002, USA
- Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich 80539, Germany
| | | | | | - Anildeep Singh
- Janssen Medical Affairs, Asia Pacific, Singapore 118222, Singapore
| | - Suneel Mundle
- Janssen Research and Development, Raritan, NJ 08869, USA
| | - Simon Chowdhury
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London SE1 4YB, UK
| | - Neeraj Agarwal
- University of Utah Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Ding-Wei Ye
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kim N Chi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Hirotsugu Uemura
- Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Japan
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5
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Wei Y, Zhang T, Wang B, Pan J, Jin S, Fang B, Gu W, Qin X, Dai B, Lin G, Gan H, Wu J, Ye D, Zhu Y. Prospective clinical sequencing of 1016 Chinese prostate cancer patients: uncovering genomic characterization and race disparity. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:2183-2199. [PMID: 37584393 PMCID: PMC10552897 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is a well-known disparity in prostate cancer (PC) incidence and mortality between Chinese and Western patients, the underlying genomic differences have been investigated only sparsely. This clinicogenomic study was conducted to reveal the genomic mutations contributing to the PC disparity across ethnicities and investigate the mutational profile of Chinese PC patients. A total of 1016 Chinese PC patients were prospectively enrolled and subjected to targeted sequencing, resulting in usable sequencing data for 41 genes from 859 patients. Genomic data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; locoregional PC), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC; metastatic castration-sensitive PC (mCSPC)], and Stand Up To Cancer [SU2C; metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC)] cohorts were used as comparators representing Western men. Genomic mutations were analyzed using an integrated bioinformatic strategy. A comparison of the disease stages revealed that mutations in tumor protein 53 (TP53), androgen receptor (AR), forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), and genes involved in the cell cycle pathway were enriched in mCRPC. Mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene were found to be more prevalent in patients with visceral metastasis. Genomic differences between Western and Chinese men were mainly observed in castration-sensitive PC, with tumors from Chinese men having more FOXA1 (11.4% vs. 4.2%) but fewer TP53 (4.8% vs. 13%) mutations in locoregional PC and harboring fewer TP53 (11% vs. 29.2%), phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN; 2.5% vs. 10.3%), and APC (1.7% vs. 7.4%) mutations in the mCSPC stage than those of Western men. Patients of both ethnicities with mCRPC had similar mutational spectra. Furthermore, FOXA1 class-2 was less common than FOXA1 class-1 and showed no enrichment in metastasis, contrary to the findings in the Western cohort. Our study provides a valuable resource for a better understanding of PC in China and reveals the genomic alterations associated with PC disparity across races.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wei
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Beihe Wang
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Shengming Jin
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Bangwei Fang
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Weijie Gu
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Xiaojian Qin
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Guowen Lin
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Department of PathologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of UrologyFudan University Shanghai Cancer CenterChina
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer InstituteChina
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6
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Mobaderi T, Kazemnejad A, Salehi M. Bayesian clustering of 109 worldwide countries according to the trend of prostate cancer mortality rates from 1990 to 2019. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290110. [PMID: 37578961 PMCID: PMC10424856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglecting possible growth heterogeneity and focusing only on the overall pattern of prostate cancer mortality rates can result in misunderstandings and incorrect conclusions about the growth process of the outcome. The main goal of this study was to capture the heterogeneity of prostate cancer mortality rates among countries from 1990 to 2019. To accomplish this aim, we performed the Bayesian latent Growth Mixture Model (GMM). In this longitudinal study, Prostate cancer mortality rates data from 1990 to 2019, as well as the Human Development Index (HDI), the Gross National Income (GNI), and the Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB), were obtained from WHO and UNDP platforms. The Bayesian GMM was used to discover homogeneous subgroups and estimate the pattern of prostate cancer mortality rates in each subgroup. The HDI, GNI and life expectancy effects were estimated using a Bayesian conditional Latent Growth Model (LGM). Globally, the intercept and the slope of the Bayesian LGM were equal to 8.77 and 0.19, respectively. The Bayesian GMM classified the 109 countries into four groups, which had significant positive growth patterns with different slopes except for the first class. The effect of HDI was not significant on the overall prostate cancer death rates, but GNI and LEB had a significantly positive effect on the model's intercepts and a significantly negative effect on the slope. Although the prostate cancer mortality rate increased globally, it has four distinct latent subgroups with various patterns. Additionally, the effects of HDI, GNI, and LEB on prostate cancer mortality rates varied significantly among the four subgroups, indicating a need for further investigation to identify causal factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tofigh Mobaderi
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anoshirvan Kazemnejad
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Zhang W, Zhang K. Quantifying the Contributions of Environmental Factors to Prostate Cancer and Detecting Risk-Related Diet Metrics and Racial Disparities. Cancer Inform 2023; 22:11769351231168006. [PMID: 37139178 PMCID: PMC10150431 DOI: 10.1177/11769351231168006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of nongenetic factors to prostate cancer (PCa) has been elusive. We aimed to quantify the contributions of environmental factors to PCa and identify risk-related diet metrics and relevant racial disparities. We performed a unique analysis of the Diet History Questionnaire data of 41 830 European Americans (EAs) and 1282 African Americans (AAs) in the PLCO project. The independent variables in the regression models consisted of age at trial entry, race, family history of prostate cancer (PCa-fh), diabetes history, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle (smoking and coffee consumption), marital status, and a specific nutrient/food factor (X). P < .05 and a 95% confidence interval excluding zero were adopted as the criteria for determining a significant difference (effect). We established a priority ranking among PCa risk-related genetic and environmental factors according to the deviances explained by them in the multivariate Cox-PH regression analysis: age > PCa-fh > diabetes ⩾ race > lifestyle ⩾marital-status ⩾BMI > X. We confirmed previous studies showing that (1) high protein and saturated fat levels in diet were related to increased PCa risk, (2) high-level supplementary selenium intake was harmful rather than beneficial for preventing PCa, and (3) supplementary vitamin B6 was beneficial for preventing benign PCa. We obtained the following novel findings: high-level organ meat intake was an independent predictor for increased aggressive PCa risk; supplementary iron, copper and magnesium increased benign PCa risk; and the AA diet was "healthy" in terms of the relatively lower protein and fat levels and was "unhealthy" in that it more commonly contained organ meat. In conclusion, we established a priority ranking among the contributing factors for PCa and identified several risk-related diet metrics and the racial disparities. Our findings suggested some new approaches to prevent PCa such as restriction of organ meat intake and supplementary microminerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI
Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA,
USA
| | - Kun Zhang
- Bioinformatics Core of Xavier NIH RCMI
Center of Cancer Research, Xavier University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA,
USA
- Department of Computer Science, Xavier
University of Louisiana, New Orleans, LA, USA
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8
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Pejčić T, Zeković M, Bumbaširević U, Kalaba M, Vovk I, Bensa M, Popović L, Tešić Ž. The Role of Isoflavones in the Prevention of Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020368. [PMID: 36829927 PMCID: PMC9952119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes epidemiological studies on breast cancer and prostate cancer with an overview of their global incidence distribution to investigate the relationship between these diseases and diet. The biological properties, mechanisms of action, and available data supporting the potential role of isoflavones in the prevention of breast cancer and prostate cancer are discussed. Studies evaluating the effects of isoflavones in tissue cultures of normal and malignant breast and prostate cells, as well as the current body of research regarding the effects of isoflavones attained through multiple modifications of cellular molecular signaling pathways and control of oxidative stress, are summarized. Furthermore, this review compiles literature sources reporting on the following: (1) levels of estrogen in breast and prostate tissue; (2) levels of isoflavones in the normal and malignant tissue of these organs in European and Asian populations; (3) average concentrations of isoflavones in the secretion of these organs (milk and semen). Finally, particular emphasis is placed on studies investigating the effect of isoflavones on tissues via estrogen receptors (ER).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Pejčić
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Milica Zeković
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Tadeusa Koscuska 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš Bumbaširević
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, dr Subotića 8, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Clinic of Urology, University Clinical Center of Serbia, Pasterova 2, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Kalaba
- Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Irena Vovk
- Laboratory for Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence: (T.P.); (I.V.)
| | - Maja Bensa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Lazar Popović
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Put Doktora Goldmana 4, 21204 Sremska Kamenica, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Živoslav Tešić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia
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9
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Persaud H, Overton JP. Factors associated with prostate cancer screening among Indo-Guyanese men. J Natl Med Assoc 2023; 115:46-52. [PMID: 36543621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnma.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health screening is considered a vital intervention in public health practices. Despite the strong emphasis on the need for preventative health screenings, little attention is focused on many immigrant populations. Indo-Guyanese immigrants are one of the ethnically minoritized populations facing these challenges. This study aims to identify factors associated with the likelihood that Indo-Guyanese men will undergo screening for prostate cancer. METHODS This study is guided by a mixed-method approach incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analyses. A total of 20 participants were recruited via a snowball technique. Correlation between variables was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics Version 27, while the qualitative data underwent a rigorous process of analysis and interpretation. RESULTS Education, income, understanding of risk factors, and considering self at risk were positively correlated with screening. Knowledge of prostate cancer and knowledge of the screening process was negatively correlated with screening. CONCLUSION Immigrant health has a significant impact on the U.S. public health system. Timely identification of potential barriers and providing culturally competent solutions and services will ensure a safe and healthy nation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harrynauth Persaud
- Physician Assistant Program - CUNY York College, 94-20 Guy R. Brewer Blvd, Jamaica, New York 11451, USA.
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10
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Ng CT, Tan LL, Sohn IS, Gonzalez Bonilla H, Oka T, Yinchoncharoen T, Chang WT, Chong JH, Cruz Tan MK, Cruz RR, Astuti A, Agarwala V, Chien V, Youn JC, Tong J, Herrmann J. Advancing Cardio-Oncology in Asia. Korean Circ J 2023; 53:69-91. [PMID: 36792558 PMCID: PMC9932224 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-oncology is an emerging multi-disciplinary field, which aims to reduce morbidity and mortality of cancer patients by preventing and managing cancer treatment-related cardiovascular toxicities. With the exponential growth in cancer and cardiovascular diseases in Asia, there is an emerging need for cardio-oncology awareness among physicians and country-specific cardio-oncology initiatives. In this state-of-the-art review, we sought to describe the burden of cancer and cardiovascular disease in Asia, a region with rich cultural and socio-economic diversity. From describing the uniqueness and challenges (such as socio-economic disparity, ethnical and racial diversity, and limited training opportunities) in establishing cardio-oncology in Asia, and outlining ways to overcome any barriers, this article aims to help advance the field of cardio-oncology in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Ta Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Li Ling Tan
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Il Suk Sohn
- Department of Cardiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Toru Oka
- Onco-Cardiology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jun Hua Chong
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Rochelle Regina Cruz
- Department of Cardiology, Cardinal Santos Medical Center, Metro Manila, The Philippines
| | - Astri Astuti
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Vivek Agarwala
- Department of Medical Oncology and Haemato-Oncology, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital and Cancer Institute, Howrah, India
| | - Van Chien
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jong-Chan Youn
- Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic Research Institute for Intractable Cardiovascular Disease, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jieli Tong
- Department of Cardiology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Joerg Herrmann
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN, USA.
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11
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Lou N, Zheng C, Wang Y, Liang C, Tan Q, Luo R, Zhang L, Xie T, Shi Y, Han X. Identification of novel serological autoantibodies in Chinese prostate cancer patients using high-throughput protein arrays. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:235-247. [PMID: 35831618 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03242-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoantibody (AAb) has a prominent role in prostate cancer (PCa), with few studies profiling the AAb landscape in Chinese patients. Therefore, the AAb landscape in Chinese patients was characterized using protein arrays. First, in the discovery phase, Huprot arrays outlined autoimmune profiles against ~ 21,888 proteins from 57 samples. In the verification phase, the PCa-focused arrays detected 25 AAbs selected from the discovery phase within 178 samples. Then, PCa was detected using a backpropagation artificial neural network (BPANN) model. In the validation phase, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to validate four AAb biomarkers from 196 samples. Huprot arrays profiled distinct PCa, benign prostate diseases (BPD), and health AAb landscapes. PCa-focused array depicted that IFIT5 and CPOX AAbs could distinguish PCa from health with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.71 and 0.70, respectively. PAH and FCER2 AAbs had AUCs of 0.86 and 0.88 in discriminating PCa from BPD. Particularly, PAH AAb detected patients in the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) gray zone with an AUC of 0.86. Meanwhile, the BPANN model of 4-AAb (IFIT5, PAH, FCER2, CPOX) panel attained AUC of 0.83 among the two cohorts for detecting patients with gray-zone PSA. In the validation cohort, the IFIT5 AAb was upregulated in PCa compared to health (p < 0.001). Compared with BPD, PAH and FCER2 AAbs were significantly elevated in PCa (p = 0.012 and 0.039). We have demonstrated the first extensive profiling of autoantibodies in Chinese PCa patients, identifying novel diagnostic AAb biomarkers, especially for identification of gray-zone-PSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Cuiling Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Caixia Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Qiaoyun Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Rongrong Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tongji Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yuankai Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Study On Anticancer Molecular Targeted Drugs, No. 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Xiaohong Han
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, NMPA Key Laboratory for Clinical Research and Evaluation of Drug, Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical PK and PD Investigation for Innovative Drugs, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No.1 Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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12
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Dong HY, Ding L, Zhou TR, Yan T, Li J, Liang C. FOXA1 in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl 2022; 25:287-295. [PMID: 36018068 DOI: 10.4103/aja202259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Most prostate cancers initially respond to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). With the long-term application of ADT, localized prostate cancer will progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), metastatic CRPC (mCRPC), and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), and the transcriptional network shifted. Forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) may play a key role in this process through multiple mechanisms. To better understand the role of FOXA1 in prostate cancer, we review the interplay among FOXA1-targeted genes, modulators of FOXA1, and FOXA1 with a particular emphasis on androgen receptor (AR) function. Furthermore, we discuss the distinct role of FOXA1 mutations in prostate cancer and clinical significance of FOXA1. We summarize possible regulation pathways of FOXA1 in different stages of prostate cancer. We focus on links between FOXA1 and AR, which may play different roles in various types of prostate cancer. Finally, we discuss FOXA1 mutation and its clinical significance in prostate cancer. FOXA1 regulates the development of prostate cancer through various pathways, and it could be a biomarker for mCRPC and NEPC. Future efforts need to focus on mechanisms underlying mutation of FOXA1 in advanced prostate cancer. We believe that FOXA1 would be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yu Dong
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Suzhou Vocational Health College, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Lei Ding
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tian-Ren Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Fermented Soy Products and Their Potential Health Benefits: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081606. [PMID: 36014024 PMCID: PMC9416513 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In the growing search for therapeutic strategies, there is an interest in foods containing natural antioxidants and other bioactive compounds capable of preventing or reversing pathogenic processes associated with metabolic disease. Fermentation has been used as a potent way of improving the properties of soybean and their components. Microbial metabolism is responsible for producing the β-glucosidase enzyme that converts glycosidic isoflavones into aglycones with higher biological activity in fermented soy products, in addition to several end-metabolites associated with human health development, including peptides, phenolic acids, fatty acids, vitamins, flavonoids, minerals, and organic acids. Thus, several products have emerged from soybean fermentation by fungi, bacteria, or a combination of both. This review covers the key biological characteristics of soy and fermented soy products, including natto, miso, tofu, douchi, sufu, cheonggukjang, doenjang, kanjang, meju, tempeh, thua-nao, kinema, hawaijar, and tungrymbai. The inclusion of these foods in the diet has been associated with the reduction of chronic diseases, with potential anticancer, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, anticholesterol, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. These biological activities and the recently studied potential of fermented soybean molecules against SARS-CoV-2 are discussed. Finally, a patent landscape is presented to provide the state-of-the-art of the transfer of knowledge from the scientific sphere to the industrial application.
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14
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Hatano K, Nonomura N. Genomic Profiling of Prostate Cancer: An Updated Review. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:368-379. [PMID: 34448375 PMCID: PMC9253799 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the genomic profiling of prostate cancer is crucial, owing to the emergence of precision medicine to guide therapeutic approaches. Over the last decade, integrative genomic profiling of prostate tumors has provided insights that improve the understanding and treatment of the disease. Minimally invasive liquid biopsy procedures have emerged to investigate cancer-related molecules with the advantage of detecting heterogeneity as well as acquired resistance in cancer. The metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) tumors have a highly complex genomic landscape compared to primary prostate tumors; a number of mCRPC harbor clinically actionable molecular alterations, including DNA damage repair (e.g., BRCA1/2 and ATM) and PTEN/phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling. Heterogeneity in the genomic landscape of prostate cancer has become apparent and genomic alterations of TP53, RB1, AR, and cell cycle pathway are associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients. Prostate cancer with mutant SPOP shows a distinct pattern of genomic alterations, associating with better clinical outcomes. Several genomic profiling tests, which can be used in the clinic, are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, including MSK-IMPACT, FoundationOne CDx, and FoundationOne Liquid CDx. Here, we review emerging evidence for genomic profiling of prostate cancer, especially focusing on associations between genomic alteration and clinical outcome, liquid biopsy, and actionable molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Hatano
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
| | - Norio Nonomura
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
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15
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Kakkoura MG, Du H, Guo Y, Yu C, Yang L, Pei P, Chen Y, Sansome S, Chan WC, Yang X, Fan L, Lv J, Chen J, Li L, Key TJ, Chen Z. Dairy consumption and risks of total and site-specific cancers in Chinese adults: an 11-year prospective study of 0.5 million people. BMC Med 2022; 20:134. [PMID: 35513801 PMCID: PMC9074208 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies of primarily Western populations have reported contrasting associations of dairy consumption with certain cancers, including a positive association with prostate cancer and inverse associations with colorectal and premenopausal breast cancers. However, there are limited data from China where cancer rates and levels of dairy consumption differ importantly from those in Western populations. METHODS The prospective China Kadoorie Biobank study recruited ~0.5 million adults from ten diverse (five urban, five rural) areas across China during 2004-2008. Consumption frequency of major food groups, including dairy products, was collected at baseline and subsequent resurveys, using a validated interviewer-administered laptop-based food frequency questionnaire. To quantify the linear association of dairy intake and cancer risk and to account for regression dilution bias, the mean usual consumption amount for each baseline group was estimated via combining the consumption level at both baseline and the second resurvey. During a mean follow-up of 10.8 (SD 2.0) years, 29,277 incident cancer cases were recorded among the 510,146 participants who were free of cancer at baseline. Cox regression analyses for incident cancers associated with usual dairy intake were stratified by age-at-risk, sex and region and adjusted for cancer family history, education, income, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, soy and fresh fruit intake, and body mass index. RESULTS Overall, 20.4% of participants reported consuming dairy products (mainly milk) regularly (i.e. ≥1 day/week), with the estimated mean consumption of 80.8 g/day among regular consumers and of 37.9 g/day among all participants. There were significant positive associations of dairy consumption with risks of total and certain site-specific cancers, with adjusted HRs per 50 g/day usual consumption being 1.07 (95% CI 1.04-1.10), 1.12 (1.02-1.22), 1.19 (1.01-1.41) and 1.17 (1.07-1.29) for total cancer, liver cancer (n = 3191), female breast cancer (n = 2582) and lymphoma (n=915), respectively. However, the association with lymphoma was not statistically significant after correcting for multiple testing. No significant associations were observed for colorectal cancer (n = 3350, 1.08 [1.00-1.17]) or other site-specific cancers. CONCLUSION Among Chinese adults who had relatively lower dairy consumption than Western populations, higher dairy intake was associated with higher risks of liver cancer, female breast cancer and, possibly, lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Kakkoura
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Yu Guo
- Fuwai Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Pei Pei
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiping Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sam Sansome
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wing Ching Chan
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lei Fan
- NCDs Prevention and Control Department, Henan CDC, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Junshi Chen
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, China
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy J Key
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit (CEU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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16
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Ethnic Pharmacogenomic Differences in the Management of Asian Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14020407. [PMID: 35053569 PMCID: PMC8773846 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression to metastatic disease occurs in about half of all men who develop prostate cancer (PC), one of the most common cancers in men worldwide. Androgen deprivation therapy has been the mainstay therapy for patients with metastatic PC (mPC) since the 1940s. In the last decade, there has been unprecedented advancement in systemic therapies, e.g., taxane, androgen-signalling pathway inhibitors, and biomarker-driven targeted therapies for various stages of disease, resulting in overall survival improvement. Adding to ongoing controversies over how best to treat these patients is the recognition that ethnicity may influence prognosis and outcomes. This review discusses recent evidence for the impacts of Asian ethnicity specifically, which includes environmental, sociocultural, and genetic factors, on the approach to pharmacological management of mPC. Clear inter-ethnic differences in drug tolerability, serious adverse events (AEs), and genetic heterogeneity must all be considered when dosing and scheduling for treatment, as well as designing future precision studies in PC.
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17
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Hinata N, Fujisawa M. Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Characteristics and Cancer-Specific Mortality: An Overview. World J Mens Health 2022; 40:217-227. [PMID: 35021294 PMCID: PMC8987139 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.210070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Racial differences of prostate cancer incidence and mortality among Asian, Black, and Caucasian men have been known, however, comprehensive update of this topic is not yet reported. In the present review, an overview of the racial differences in prostate cancer characteristics and cancer-specific mortality is collected and reviewed. Regarding racial differences of incidence and mortality, surprising differences in the incidence of prostate cancer are seen among different populations around the world, with some countries having rates that are 60 to 100 times higher than others. African-American men have a higher incidence of prostate cancer, higher prostate cancer mortality, and are diagnosed with prostate cancer at a younger age than Caucasian American men. Furthermore, race is gaining attention as an important factor to consider for planning active surveillance for localized prostate cancer, especially among African-Americans. In addition, the causes of these differences are being elucidated by genomic profiling. Determinants of racial disparities are multifactorial, including socioeconomic and biologic factors. Although race-specific differences in prostate cancer survival estimates appear to be narrowing over time, there is an ongoing need to continue to understand and mitigate racial factors associated with disparities in health care outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Masato Fujisawa
- Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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18
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Imatoh T, Sawada N, Yamaji T, Iwasaki M, Inoue M, Tsugane S. Association between Coffee Consumption and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Japanese Men: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 31:471-478. [PMID: 34782391 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although numerous epidemiological studies have examined whether coffee consumption is associated with prostate cancer risk, the results remain controversial. Moreover, there are few studies in Asian populations. Therefore, we investigated the association between coffee consumption and the risk of prostate cancer in a large-scale prospective population-based cohort study in Japan. METHODS Study subjects were 48,222 men (40-69 years) who completed a questionnaire that included questions about their coffee consumption in 1990 for Cohort I and 1993 for Cohort II and were followed up until December 31, 2015. Newly diagnosed cases were classified into localized and advanced using information on local staging, the Gleason score, and degree of differentiation. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidential intervals (95% CI) were estimated using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1,617 participants were newly diagnosed with prostate cancer during a mean follow-up period of 18.8 years. Of these, 1,099 and 461 patients had localized and advanced cancer, respectively. There was no association between coffee intake and prostate cancer risk. Comparison between the highest and lowest category of coffee consumption produced HRs of 1.08 (95% CI, 0.90-1.30), 1.08 (95% CI, 0.84-1.38), and 1.00 (95% CI, 0.67-1.47) for risk of total, localized, and advanced cancer, respectively. The same results were obtained even when we limited the analysis to patients with subjective symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that coffee consumption has no impact on prostate cancer risk in Japanese men. IMPACT Coffee has no protective effects against prostate cancer among Japanese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Imatoh
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Taheri D, Roohani E, Izadpanahi MH, Dolatkhah S, Aghaaliakbari F, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Gharaati MR, Mazdak H, Fesharakizadeh S, Beinabadi Y, Kazemi R, Rahbar M. Diagnostic utility of a-methylacyl COA racemase in prostate cancer of the Iranian population. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:46. [PMID: 34484378 PMCID: PMC8384007 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_311_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background: Considering the great variations in the reported prevalence of prostate cancer across the world possibly due to different genetic and environmental backgrounds, we aimed to determine the expression pattern and the diagnostic utility of α-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR) among Iranian patients with prostate adenocarcinoma. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of 58 patients with a definitive pathologic diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma were evaluated. The expression of AMACR, intensity, and extensity of its staining was determined in selected samples by immunohistochemical technique. Results: AMACR expression was significantly higher in neoplastic compared to normal tissue (P < 0.05). The expression of AMACR was significantly associated with the age of the patients (P = 0.04). The intensity of the staining was associated with the grade of the prostate adenocarcinoma (P = 0.04). There was no significant relationship between AMACR expression and perineural invasion. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of AMACR were 90%, 96%, 96%, and 90%, respectively. Conclusion: Findings from our study indicate that AMACR could be used as a diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. However, due to false-positive staining in the mimicker of prostatic adenocarcinoma, it is recommended to use it in combination with basal cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Taheri
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Elham Roohani
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Izadpanahi
- Department of Urology, Isfahan Urology and Kidney Transplantation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad
- Department of Pathology, Isfahan Kidney Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Isfahan Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Gharaati
- Department of Urology, Isfahan Urology and Kidney Transplantation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamid Mazdak
- Department of Urology, Isfahan Urology and Kidney Transplantation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | - Reza Kazemi
- Department of Urology, Isfahan Urology and Kidney Transplantation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahtab Rahbar
- Department of Pathology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Wen W, Luckenbaugh AN, Bayley CE, Penson DF, Shu XO. Racial disparities in mortality for patients with prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Cancer 2021; 127:1517-1528. [PMID: 32895938 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although racial disparities in prostate cancer survival are well documented, the relative importance of contributing factors remains unclear. Few studies have examined the disparity between Whites and Hispanics or between Whites and Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs). METHODS Using data from the National Cancer Database for 526,690 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between 2004 and 2014, this study systematically evaluated the impact of clinical characteristics and factors related to access to care on survival by race. Included in the analysis were 432,640 White patients (82.1%), 63,602 Black patients (12.1%), 8990 AAPI patients (1.7%), and 21,458 Hispanic patients (4.1%). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals to measure racial survival disparities. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for imbalances of prognostic factors. RESULTS When adjustments were made for age and year of diagnosis only, Blacks had 51% higher mortality, AAPIs had 22% lower mortality, and Hispanics had 6% lower mortality than Whites. Overall, with adjustments for all clinical factors and nonclinical factors, the Black-White survival disparity narrowed to 20%, whereas the AAPI-White disparity increased to 35%. Among the controlled-for factors, education, median household income, and insurance status contributed the most to the racial disparity. CONCLUSIONS The overall survival disparity among men undergoing radical prostatectomy was significantly decreased, but not eliminated, for Blacks and significantly increased for AAPIs in comparison with Whites after adjustments for a number of clinical factors and factors related to access to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Wen
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Amy N Luckenbaugh
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christina E Bayley
- Division of Surgical Oncology and Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - David F Penson
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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21
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Lv SD, Wang HY, Yu XP, Zhai QL, Wu YB, Wei Q, Huang WH. Integrative molecular characterization of Chinese prostate cancer specimens. Asian J Androl 2021; 22:162-168. [PMID: 31134918 PMCID: PMC7155802 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_36_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) exhibits epidemiological and molecular heterogeneity. Despite extensive studies of its phenotypic and genetic properties in Western populations, its molecular basis is not clear in Chinese patients. To determine critical molecular characteristics and explore correlations between genomic markers and clinical parameters in Chinese populations, we applied an integrative genetic/transcriptomic assay that combines targeted next-generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on samples from 46 Chinese patients with PCa. Lysine (K)-specific methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D), zinc finger homeobox 3 (ZFHX3), A-kinase anchoring protein 9 (AKAP9), and GLI family zinc finger 1 (GLI1) were frequently mutated in our cohort. Moreover, a clinicopathological analysis showed that RB transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) deletion was common in patients with a high risk of disease progression. Remarkably, four genomic events, MYC proto-oncogene (MYC) amplification, RB1 deletion, APC regulator of WNT signaling pathway (APC) mutation or deletion, and cyclin-dependent kinase 12 (CDK12) mutation, were correlated with poor disease-free survival. In addition, a close link between KMT2D expression and the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway was observed both in our cohort and in The Cancer Genome Atlas Prostate Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-PRAD) data. In summary, our results demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of integrative molecular characterization of PCa samples in disease pathology research and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Dong Lv
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin-Pei Yu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Qi-Liang Zhai
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yao-Bin Wu
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangzhou 510515, China
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22
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Shih HJ, Fang SC, An L, Shao YHJ. Early-onset prostate cancer is associated with increased risks of disease progression and cancer-specific mortality. Prostate 2021; 81:118-126. [PMID: 33152137 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostate cancer (PCa) incidence has stabilized but not in patients at a young age. We assessed patient characteristics and disease progression in early-onset PCa. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 28,039 newly diagnosed PCa patients aged ≥35 years was constructed using the Taiwan Cancer Registry in 2008-2016. Patients were categorized by age at diagnosis (≤54, 55-59, 60-69, 70-74, and ≥75 years). The clinical stage at diagnosis, Gleason score, prostate-specific antigen level at diagnosis, Charlson's comorbidity index, and primary and secondary treatments for PCa were included in the analysis. All-cause mortality and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) were reported. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) estimating the risks of death and of receiving secondary cancer treatment were generated by Cox hazard models. RESULTS In patients aged ≤54, 55-59, and 60-69 years, about 60% of them in each group were classified into the high-risk, very high-risk, or metastatic group. However, young patients ≤54 years had a higher risk of PCSM than patients aged 60-69 years (HR = 1.22; 95% CI = 1.10-1.49). This trend of an increased risk in PCSM remained for high-risk, very high-risk, or metastatic patients (HR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.01-1.51), but not in low- or intermediate-risk patients. Besides, young patients diagnosed with high-risk diseases had the highest risk of receiving secondary cancer treatment within 180 days after completing primary treatment among all age groups (HR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.07-1.63). CONCLUSIONS PCa arising in young patients ≤54 years of age, especially those with a high risk or metastatic form, might be more aggressive than that in other age groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Jen Shih
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chen Fang
- Department of Nursing, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lu An
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan J Shao
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Clinical Big Data Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Song SH, Byun SS. Polygenic risk score for genetic evaluation of prostate cancer risk in Asian populations: A narrative review. Investig Clin Urol 2021; 62:256-266. [PMID: 33943048 PMCID: PMC8100017 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20210124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreasing costs of genetic testing and interest in disease inheritance has changed the landscape of cancer prediction in prostate cancer (PCa), and guidelines now include genetic testing for high-risk groups. Familial and hereditary PCa comprises approximately 20% and 5% of all PCa, respectively. Multifaceted disorders like PCa are caused by a combinatory effect of rare genes of high penetrance and smaller genetic variants of relatively lower effect size. Polygenic risk score (PRS) is a novel tool utilizing PCa-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from genome-wide association study (GWAS) to generate an additive estimate of an individual's lifetime genetic risk for cancer. However, most PRS are developed based on GWAS collected from mainly European populations and do not address ethnic differences in PCa genetics. This review highlights the attempts to generate a PRS tailored to Asian males including data from Korea, China, and Japan, and discuss the clinical implications for prediction of early onset and aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Seok Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Medical Device Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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24
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Forster LR, Jelley C, Breeze CE, Singh R, Chahal R, Addla SK. Prostate cancer in the British Asian population: A case-control study. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2051415820969574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To study demographic and disease variables at presentation, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer in British South Asian (SA) men and compare with their Caucasian counterparts. Methods: A retrospective review of prostate cancer cases between 2010 and 2015 identified patients of SA descent who were matched for age, residential location and year of diagnosis with two Caucasian patients. Disease characteristics, treatment and short-term outcomes were recorded and compared. Results: A total of 1274 patients were diagnosed, of which 50 (3.9%) were SA. SA patients had less screen-detected prostate cancer (12% versus 31%, p=0.02), more co-morbidity and more high-risk disease (57% versus 37%, p=0.03). Active surveillance was the preferred treatment option (32%) with 2% having surgery compared with 22% ( p=0.003) from the Caucasian cohort. Logistic regression showed these disparities to be related to the different presentations. Conclusion: SA men with prostate cancer are less likely to be diagnosed following asymptomatic screening and the majority have high-risk disease at presentation. These differences lead to SA men preferring active surveillance to radical surgery. Given the increasing British Asian population, the findings demonstrate a need for research and public health interventions to better understand and address the differences noted between these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Forster
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Clare Jelley
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, UK
| | | | - Rajindra Singh
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Rohit Chahal
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Sanjai K Addla
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
- Apollo Cancer Institute, Apollo Health City, Hyderabad, India
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25
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Song SH, Kim JK, Lee H, Lee S, Hong SK, Byun SS. A single-center long-term experience of active surveillance for prostate cancer: 15 years of follow-up. Investig Clin Urol 2020; 62:32-38. [PMID: 33258324 PMCID: PMC7801164 DOI: 10.4111/icu.20200206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a single-center 15-year experience of active surveillance (AS) for prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent AS between 2003 and 2018. One hundred fifty-three patients were selected according to the following criteria: (1) biopsy Gleason pattern ≤3+4 with (2) ≤two positive core(s) and (3) ≤50% core involvement, clinical-stage ≤T2a, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤20 ng/mL. Follow-up included PSA measurement every six months, prostate biopsies at one year and then every 2–3 years, and MRI every year. Intervention was triggered by (1) Gleason score (GS) upgrading, (2) >two positive cores, or (3) PSA doubling-time in <3 years. Results Mean (±standard deviation) follow-up was 36.4 (±31.9) months. Ninety-three (60.8%) and 20 (13.1%) patients received second and third biopsies, respectively. Seventy-two patients (47.1%) discontinued AS for various reasons (59, intervention; 13, follow-up loss). Reasons for intervention consisted of GS upgrading (42.4%), >two positive cores (8.5%), abnormal PSA kinetics (11.9%), and patient preference (37.3%). Notably, 12 (25.5%) patients had pathologic GS ≥4+3 (unfavorable disease) and 3 (6.4%) patients had pathologic stage ≥T3a at radical prostatectomy. Median time to treatment-free survival was 19.5 months. Of the 59 patients who switched to intervention, biochemical recurrence was reported in only one (0.7%) patient. Conclusions AS is an available option for low-risk PCa in carefully selected patients. Further larger prospective studies are needed to determine the optimal criteria for AS, especially in Korean PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Song
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jung Kwon Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hakmin Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sangchul Lee
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Kyu Hong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Soo Byun
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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26
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Gupta A, Shukla N, Nehra M, Gupta S, Malik B, Mishra AK, Vijay M, Batra J, Lohiya NK, Sharma D, Suravajhala P. A Pilot Study on the Whole Exome Sequencing of Prostate Cancer in the Indian Phenotype Reveals Distinct Polymorphisms. Front Genet 2020; 11:874. [PMID: 33193569 PMCID: PMC7477354 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the third most common cancer among men in India, and no next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies have been attempted earlier. Recent advances in NGS have heralded the discovery of biomarkers from Caucasian/European and Chinese ancestry, but not much is known about the Indian phenotype/variant of PCa. In a pilot study using the whole exome sequencing of benign/PCa patients, we identified characteristic mutations specific to the Indian sub-population. We observed a large number of mutations in DNA repair genes, viz. helicases, TP53, and BRCA besides the variants of unknown significance with a possibly damaging rare variant (rs730881069/chr19:55154172C/TR136Q) in the TNNI3 gene that has been previously reported as a semi-conservative amino acid substitution. Our pilot study attempts to bring an understanding of PCa prognosis and recurrence for the Indian phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayam Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India.,Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur, India
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India.,Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | - Mamta Nehra
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
| | - Sonal Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
| | - Babita Malik
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, India
| | | | | | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Birla Institute of Scientific Research, Jaipur, India
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27
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Lu Y, Huang HH, Lau WKO. Survival outcomes of Asian younger men (< 55 years) undergoing radical prostatectomy: a review of prostate cancer database in a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1885-1891. [PMID: 32476081 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02518-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer largely affects older men. This study aims to investigate prostate cancer in younger men (< 55 years) to shed light on the survival outcomes of this unique subset of patients in Asian context. METHODS Data were obtained from the Singapore General Hospital Prostate Cancer Registry. Data on all men with clinically organ confined prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy between 1998 and 2016 were obtained from the registry. Tumor characteristics, follow-up data, and cause of death were acquired. RESULTS A total of 1120 men underwent radical prostatectomy between 1998 and 2016. Of these, 12 were aged ≤ 44 years, 106 were aged 45-54 years, 596 were aged 55-64, 397 were aged 65-74 and 9 were aged ≥ 75. There was no difference across age groups when comparing Gleason ≤ 7 vs Gleason ≥ 8 disease, T1/2 vs T3/4 disease and the median PSA values were similar. No difference was observed in overall survival or prostate cancer specific survival among 4 age groups (≤ 44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74) (p = 0.156 and p = 0.227 respectively). Although there was a trend of increasing rate of biochemical recurrence for older patients, it's not statistically significant (p = 0.157). Time to biochemical recurrence was similar as well (p = 0.257). CONCLUSION This large cohort of Asian patients who underwent radical prostatectomy did not show significant age-related differences in important parameters and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Lu
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore.
| | - Hong Hong Huang
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
| | - Weber Kam On Lau
- Department of Urology, Singapore General Hospital, Outram Rd, Singapore, 169608, Singapore
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28
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Li J, Xu C, Lee HJ, Ren S, Zi X, Zhang Z, Wang H, Yu Y, Yang C, Gao X, Hou J, Wang L, Yang B, Yang Q, Ye H, Zhou T, Lu X, Wang Y, Qu M, Yang Q, Zhang W, Shah NM, Pehrsson EC, Wang S, Wang Z, Jiang J, Zhu Y, Chen R, Chen H, Zhu F, Lian B, Li X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Wang Y, Xiao G, Jiang J, Yang Y, Liang C, Hou J, Han C, Chen M, Jiang N, Zhang D, Wu S, Yang J, Wang T, Chen Y, Cai J, Yang W, Xu J, Wang S, Gao X, Wang T, Sun Y. A genomic and epigenomic atlas of prostate cancer in Asian populations. Nature 2020; 580:93-99. [PMID: 32238934 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2135-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men worldwide1. Over the past decade, large-scale integrative genomics efforts have enhanced our understanding of this disease by characterizing its genetic and epigenetic landscape in thousands of patients2,3. However, most tumours profiled in these studies were obtained from patients from Western populations. Here we produced and analysed whole-genome, whole-transcriptome and DNA methylation data for 208 pairs of tumour tissue samples and matched healthy control tissue from Chinese patients with primary prostate cancer. Systematic comparison with published data from 2,554 prostate tumours revealed that the genomic alteration signatures in Chinese patients were markedly distinct from those of Western cohorts: specifically, 41% of tumours contained mutations in FOXA1 and 18% each had deletions in ZNF292 and CHD1. Alterations of the genome and epigenome were correlated and were predictive of disease phenotype and progression. Coding and noncoding mutations, as well as epimutations, converged on pathways that are important for prostate cancer, providing insights into this devastating disease. These discoveries underscore the importance of including population context in constructing comprehensive genomic maps for disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanliang Xu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Hyung Joo Lee
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shancheng Ren
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zi
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Haifeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongwei Yu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianguo Hou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huamao Ye
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tie Zhou
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Qu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingsong Yang
- Department of Radiology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nakul M Shah
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erica C Pehrsson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huan Chen
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bijun Lian
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangan Xiao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junfeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Conghui Han
- Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Affiliated Xuzhou Hospital of Medical College of Southeast University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Urology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Urology, Gongli Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dahong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Song Wu
- Department of Urology Institute of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinjian Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongliang Chen
- Department of Urology, Shaoxing Central Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jiantong Cai
- Department of Urology, Shishi Hospital, Shishi, China
| | - Wenzeng Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaogang Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA. .,The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Yinghao Sun
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China.
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Kim SH, Kwon WA, Joung JY. Impact of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and/or Prostatitis on the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Korean Patients. World J Mens Health 2020; 39:358-365. [PMID: 32202082 PMCID: PMC7994649 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.190135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We evaluated the impact of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis on the risk of prostate cancer (PCa) in patients using nationally representative data of the Korean population from the National Health Insurance Service. Materials and Methods A total of 5,580,495 Korean men, aged >20 years, who had undergone health screening in 2009 were followed-up for 9 years until 2017. Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was conducted to determine the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between BPH and/or prostatitis and PCa. The HR for PCa according to the presence of BPH and/or prostatitis was stratified by a combination of BPH and prostatitis in multivariable-adjusted models. Results The HR for PCa significantly increased in patients with BPH and prostatitis than in patients without BPH and prostatitis (adjusted HR, 1.626; 95% CI, 1.567–1.688 and adjusted HR, 1.557; 95% CI, 1.500–1.618, respectively). In particular, for the combination of BPH and prostatitis, the adjusted HR was 1.856 (95% CI, 1.743–1.976), which was the highest when a diagnosis of both BPH and prostatitis was made. Conclusions BPH and/or prostatitis are associated with an increased incidence for PCa in Korean patients, which is likely associated with similar effects to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, so care must be taken in the interpretation. However, if follow-up survival studies demonstrate differences between the two groups (BPH and prostatitis vs. general), it could be one of the evidence for the introduction of PSA screening in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Whi An Kwon
- Department of Urology, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea.
| | - Jae Young Joung
- Department of Urology, Urological Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.
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Tan SC, Lim PY, Fang J, Mokhtar MFM, Hanif EAM, Jamal R. Association between MIR499A rs3746444 polymorphism and breast cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3508. [PMID: 32103099 PMCID: PMC7044335 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the association of MIR499A rs3746444 polymorphism with breast cancer susceptibility, but the results have been inconsistent. In this work, we performed a meta-analysis to obtain a more reliable estimate of the association between the polymorphism and susceptibility to breast cancer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP and Wanfang databases up to January 2020. A total of 14 studies involving 6,797 cases and 8,534 controls were included for analysis under five genetic models: homozygous (GG vs. AA), heterozygous (AG vs. AA), dominant (AG + GG vs. AA), recessive (GG vs. AA + AG) and allele (G vs. A). A statistically significant association was observed between the polymorphism and an increased breast cancer susceptibility under all genetic models (homozygous, OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.03-1.71, P = 0.03; heterozygous, OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.00-1.16, P = 0.04; dominant, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.02-1.30; P = 0.03; recessive, OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.06-1.72, P = 0.01; allele, OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.00-1.26, P = 0.04). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity suggested that significant association was present only among Asians, but not Caucasians. In conclusion, MIR499A rs3746444 polymorphism was significantly associated with breast cancer susceptibility among Asians, suggesting its potential use as a genetic risk marker in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jie Fang
- Department of Language and Literacy Education, Faculty of Education, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Impact of advanced radiotherapy techniques and dose intensification on toxicity of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:114. [PMID: 31924839 PMCID: PMC6954263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-57056-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of dose-escalated radiotherapy with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) remain unclear in salvage radiotherapy (SRT) after radical prostatectomy. We examined the impact of these advanced radiotherapy techniques and dose intensification on the toxicity of SRT. This multi-institutional retrospective study included 421 patients who underwent SRT at the median dose of 66 Gy in 2-Gy fractions. IMRT and IGRT were used for 225 (53%) and 321 (76%) patients, respectively. At the median follow-up of 50 months, the cumulative incidence of late grade 2 or higher gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) toxicities was 4.8% and 24%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the non-use of either IMRT or IGRT, or both (hazard ratio [HR] 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.8-5.4, p < 0.001) and use of whole-pelvic radiotherapy (HR 7.6, CI 1.0-56, p = 0.048) were associated with late GI toxicity, whereas a higher dose ≥68 Gy was the only factor associated with GU toxicities (HR 3.1, CI 1.3-7.4, p = 0.012). This study suggested that the incidence of GI toxicities can be reduced by IMRT and IGRT in SRT, whereas dose intensification may increase GU toxicity even with these advanced techniques.
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Abstract
Background: Prostate cancer is one of the most common health issues among men, especially older men. In recent years, incidences of prostate cancer is increasing. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive estimate of the survival of prostate cancer in Asian countries. Methods: We searched five international databases including Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Knowledge and ProQuest until June 1, 2018. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment was used to evaluate the quality of selected papers. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019117044). Results: A total of 714 titles were retrieved. Thirty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the random-effect model one-year, five-year and ten-year survival rate of prostate cancer were 81% (95% CI 77.8–84.2), 61.9% (95% CI 59.5–64.3) and 36.2% (95% CI 9.2–63.2) respectively. Survival rates based on HDI level for five-year were 30.07, 43.43 and 70.84 percent for medium, high and very high levels, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results of our study, the prostate cancer survival rate in Asian countries is relatively lower than in Europe and North America.
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Zhao F, Wang J, Chen M, Chen D, Ye S, Li X, Chen X, Ren G, Yan S. Sites of synchronous distant metastases and prognosis in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis: a population-based study of 16,643 patients. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:30. [PMID: 31784868 PMCID: PMC6884608 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a preferential site for prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. However, sites of synchronous distant metastases in PCa patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis and their impacts on prognosis are still unclear, limiting our ability to better stratify and treat the patients. In this study, we examined the sites of synchronous extra-skeletal metastases in de novo PCa patients with bone metastases and their associated prognoses. METHODS In total, 16,643 de novo PCa patients with bone metastases from the SEER database were included. After stratification of metastatic sites (bone, lung, liver, and brain) and treatment modalities, overall survival (OS) and independent predictors of OS, were analyzed. RESULTS Lung was the most frequent site of synchronous metastases, followed by liver, while brain metastases were relatively uncommon. Patients with bone-only metastases showed the longest mean survival time (35.87 months, p < 0.001), followed by patients with bone and lung metastases (30.74 months, p < 0.001). Patients with bone and liver metastases had the shortest mean survival time (17.39 months, p < 0.001). Age > 70 years, unmarried status, high tumor grade, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 50 ng/ml, and Gleason score ≥ 8 were associated with poor OS (all p < 0.01). Asian or Pacific Islander ethnic background was associated with a favorable OS (all p < 0.01). Chemotherapy improved OS in patients without brain metastases (all p < 0.05). For patients with bone-only metastases, radical prostatectomy (RP) (HR, 0.339; 95% CI 0.231-0.495; p < 0.001), brachytherapy (BT) (HR, 0.567; 95% CI 0.388-0.829; p = 0.003), and chemotherapy (HR, 0.850; 95% CI 0.781-0.924; p < 0.001) were associated with prolonged OS. CONCLUSIONS Age, race, tumor grade, PSA, Gleason score, sites of synchronous extra-skeletal metastases, as well as treatment modalities affected OS in newly diagnosed PCa patients with bone metastases. Synchronous liver metastases were associated with poor OS. Chemotherapy improved OS in patients without brain metastases. RP and BT improved OS in patients with bone-only metastases. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jili Wang
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqin Chen
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Alvarez CS, Virani S, Meza R, Rozek LS, Sriplung H, Mondul AM. Current and Future Burden of Prostate Cancer in Songkhla, Thailand: Analysis of Incidence and Mortality Trends From 1990 to 2030. J Glob Oncol 2019; 4:1-11. [PMID: 30241231 PMCID: PMC6223432 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.17.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate cancer is the second most common malignancy among men worldwide, and it poses a significant public health burden that has traditionally been limited mostly to developed countries. However, the burden of the disease is expected to increase, affecting developing countries, including Thailand. We undertook an analysis to investigate current and future trends of prostate cancer in the province of Songkhla, Thailand, using data from the Songkhla Cancer Registry from 1990 to 2013. METHODS Joinpoint regression analysis was used to examine trends in age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer and provide estimated annual percent change (EAPC) with 95% CIs. Age-period-cohort (APC) models were used to assess the effect of age, calendar year, and birth cohort on incidence and mortality rates. Three different methods (Joinpoint, Nordpred, and APC) were used to project trends from 2013 to 2030. RESULTS Eight hundred fifty-five cases of prostate cancer were diagnosed from 1990 to 2013 in Songkhla, Thailand. The incidence rates of prostate cancer significantly increased since 1990 at an EAPC of 4.8% (95% CI, 3.6% to 5.9%). Similarly, mortality rates increased at an EAPC of 5.3% (95% CI, 3.4% to 7.2%). The APC models suggest that birth cohort is the most important factor driving the increased incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer. Future incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are projected to continue to increase, doubling the rates observed in 2013 by 2030. CONCLUSION It is critical to allocate resources to provide care for the men who will be affected by this increase in prostate cancer incidence in Songkhla, Thailand, and to design context-appropriate interventions to prevent its increasing burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S Alvarez
- Christian S. Alvarez, Shama Virani, Rafael Meza, Laura S. Rozek, and Alison M. Mondul, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; and Shama Virani and Hutcha Sriplung, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Shama Virani
- Christian S. Alvarez, Shama Virani, Rafael Meza, Laura S. Rozek, and Alison M. Mondul, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; and Shama Virani and Hutcha Sriplung, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Rafael Meza
- Christian S. Alvarez, Shama Virani, Rafael Meza, Laura S. Rozek, and Alison M. Mondul, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; and Shama Virani and Hutcha Sriplung, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Laura S Rozek
- Christian S. Alvarez, Shama Virani, Rafael Meza, Laura S. Rozek, and Alison M. Mondul, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; and Shama Virani and Hutcha Sriplung, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Christian S. Alvarez, Shama Virani, Rafael Meza, Laura S. Rozek, and Alison M. Mondul, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; and Shama Virani and Hutcha Sriplung, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
| | - Alison M Mondul
- Christian S. Alvarez, Shama Virani, Rafael Meza, Laura S. Rozek, and Alison M. Mondul, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI; and Shama Virani and Hutcha Sriplung, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand
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Shin J, Millstine D, Ruddy B, Wallace M, Fields H. Effect of Plant- and Animal-Based Foods on Prostate Cancer Risk. J Osteopath Med 2019; 119:2753613. [PMID: 31633743 DOI: 10.7556/jaoa.2019.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Many studies have explored whether plant and animal-based food consumption is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk, but there is much discordance. OBJECTIVE To perform an updated review of the literature that further investigates the association of plant- and animal-based food consumption with PCa risk. METHODS This review was conducted by using 3 databases and produced a total of 550 references. The search was limited to a publication date range of 2006 to February 2017, English language, and humans. After case reports, comments, letters, editorials, and duplicate references were removed, 297 citations remained for review. Articles that did not investigate the association of dietary patterns or a major component of diet with PCa were excluded. RESULTS Of the 297 references found, 47 were eligible for inclusion in this review. The authors identified 2 very large cohort studies (≥100,000 participants), 6 large cohort studies (≥40,000 participants), 11 medium cohort studies (≥10,000 participants), 10 small cohort studies (<10,000 participants), 13 case-control studies, 4 meta-analyses, and 1 population study investigating diet and PCa risk. Most studies showed that plant-based foods are associated with either decreased or unchanged risk of PCa, whereas animal-based foods, particularly dairy products, are associated with either increased or unchanged risk of PCa. CONCLUSION This review of the literature suggests that consumption of higher amounts of plant-based foods may be associated with decreased PCa risk, and consumption of higher amounts of dairy products may be associated with increased PCa risk.
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36
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McAllister BJ. The association between ethnic background and prostate cancer. BRITISH JOURNAL OF NURSING (MARK ALLEN PUBLISHING) 2019; 28:S4-S10. [PMID: 31597062 DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2019.28.18.s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a complex disease which is more prevalent among men of black and minority ethnic (BME) background than their Caucasian counterparts, with men of African-Caribbean background experiencing higher levels of incidence and mortality than any other ethnic group. The reasons behind this health inequality are poorly understood and likely to be multifactorial. Several theories have been posited, including genetic disposition, poorer access to health care, a lack of understanding of the risks posed by prostate cancer and an unwillingness to access mainstream health care. There is, however, a notable disparity between the amount of literature focusing on prostate cancer as it affects those with a BME background and on prostate cancer in general. This further compounds the difficulties encountered by BME men, who rely on health professionals being aware of the greater risk they face. More knowledge and understanding is required by both the general population and medical practitioners to address this health inequality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bría J McAllister
- Urology Nurse Practitioner, Department of Urology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
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37
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Shao HB, Ren K, Gao SL, Zou JG, Mi YY, Zhang LF, Zuo L, Okada A, Yasui T. Human methionine synthase A2756G polymorphism increases susceptibility to prostate cancer. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 10:1776-1788. [PMID: 30064122 PMCID: PMC6075445 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims: Previous results on the association between MTR gene A2756G polymorphism and PCa risk are inconclusive. Methods: We used odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) to evaluate the correlation between MTR A2756G polymorphism and risk of PCa in meta-analysis. Serum expression of MTR was detected by ELISA and in-silico tools were utilized to assess this variant. Results: Our study included 2,921 PCa patients and 3,095 control subjects. The results indicated that the MTR A2756G polymorphism is linked with an increased risk of PCa using three genetic models (G-allele vs. A-allele: OR = 1.16, 95%CI = 1.04 - 1.30; GA vs. AA: OR = 1.17, 95%CI = 1.02 - 1.33; GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 1.18, 95%CI = 1.04 - 1.34). Stratified analysis produced similar results. A significant association was also indicated in advanced PCa from the meta-analysis. Finally, our experiments showed evidence that serum MTR levels in PCa patients with AA genotypes were statistically higher than in those with GG/GA genotypes. Conclusions: Our present study suggests that the MTR A2756G polymorphism may contribute to the risk of developing PCa, particularly in Asian and hospital-based studies. Moreover, serum MTR might be utilized in diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bao Shao
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, China
| | - Sheng-Lin Gao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian-Gang Zou
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Mi
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China
| | - Li-Feng Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Atsushi Okada
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yasui
- Department of Nephrourology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Aichi 4678601, Japan
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Rollin G, Lages J, Shepelyansky DL. Wikipedia network analysis of cancer interactions and world influence. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222508. [PMID: 31536541 PMCID: PMC6752824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We apply the Google matrix algorithms for analysis of interactions and influence of 37 cancer types, 203 cancer drugs and 195 world countries using the network of 5 416 537 English Wikipedia articles with all their directed hyperlinks. The PageRank algorithm provides a ranking of cancers which has 60% and 70% overlaps with the top 10 deadliest cancers extracted from World Health Organization GLOBOCAN 2018 and Global Burden of Diseases Study 2017, respectively. The recently developed reduced Google matrix algorithm gives networks of interactions between cancers, drugs and countries taking into account all direct and indirect links between these selected 435 entities. These reduced networks allow to obtain sensitivity of countries to specific cancers and drugs. The strongest links between cancers and drugs are in good agreement with the approved medical prescriptions of specific drugs to specific cancers. We argue that this analysis of knowledge accumulated in Wikipedia provides useful complementary global information about interdependencies between cancers, drugs and world countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Rollin
- Institut UTINAM, CNRS, UMR 6213, OSU THETA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - José Lages
- Institut UTINAM, CNRS, UMR 6213, OSU THETA, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Dima L. Shepelyansky
- Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, IRSAMC, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
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Hou G, Zheng Y, Wei D, Li X, Wang F, Tian J, Zhang G, Yan F, Zhu Z, Meng P, Yuan J, Gao M, Li Z, Zhang B, Xing Z, Yuan J. Development and validation of a SEER-based prognostic nomogram for patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17197. [PMID: 31574827 PMCID: PMC6775397 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Controversies exist between the previous two prognostic nomograms for patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), and a nomogram applied to western patients has yet to be established. Thus, we aimed to build a reliable and generic nomogram to individualize prognosis.The independent prognostic factors were identified in a retrospective study of 1556 patients with bone metastatic PCa registered in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. Besides, the prognostic nomogram was developed using R software according to the result of multivariable Cox regression analysis. Then, the discriminative ability of the nomogram was assessed by analyses of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC curves). We also performed 1-, 2-, and 3-year calibrations of the nomogram by comparing the predicted survival to the observed survival. Furthermore, the model was externally validated using the data of 711 patients diagnosed at different times enrolled in the SEER database.Age ≥70 years, Gleason score ≥8, PSA value of 201 to 900 ng/ml, stage T4, stage N1, with liver metastases, and Asian/Pacific ethnicity were identified as independent prognostic factors. In the primary cohort, 1-, 2-, and 3-year area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the nomogram for predicting cancer-specific survival (CSS) were 0.71, 0.70, and 0.70, respectively. Besides 1-, 2-, and 3-year AUC were 0.70, 0.68, and 0.69, respectively, in the external validation cohort. Moreover, calibration curves presented perfect agreements between the nomogram-predicted and actual 1-, 2-, and 3-year CSS rate in both the primary and external validation cohorts. In other words, our nomogram has great predictive accuracy and reliability in predicting 1-, 2-, and 3-year CSS for patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer.This study established and validated a prognostic nomogram applied to not only Asian patients but western patients with bone metastatic PCa, which will be useful for patients' counseling and clinical trial designing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Hou
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Di Wei
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Xi’an Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Fuli Wang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Jingyang Tian
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, P.R. China
| | - Geng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Zheng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Ping Meng
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Jiarui Yuan
- St. George's University School of Medicine, Grenada, West Indies
| | - Ming Gao
- Assisted Reproduction Center, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi’an, P.R. China
| | - Zhibin Li
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Zibao Xing
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
| | - Jianlin Yuan
- Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi’an
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Xiao J, Cohen P, Stern MC, Odedina F, Carpten J, Reams R. Mitochondrial biology and prostate cancer ethnic disparity. Carcinogenesis 2019; 39:1311-1319. [PMID: 30304372 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the second most prevalent cancer in men. Its incidence, progression and mortality profiles vary significantly by race and ethnicity, with African-American men having the highest incidence rate and mortality rate in the world. Although these disparities can be partially explained by socioeconomic factors, the underlying molecular causes are complex and require careful research. A considerable amount of literature exists, supporting the association between mitochondrial health and the incidence, aggression and risk of prostate cancer. Genetic alterations in mitochondrial DNA are frequent in prostate cancer; therefore, the resulting mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic dysregulation may contribute to or indicate oncogenesis. Many of the prominent features of cancer cells are also closely related to mitochondrial functions, such as resistance to apoptosis, excess reactive oxygen species production and altered oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, prostate cancer ethnic disparity is influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors, which involves differences in mitochondrial metabolism and retrograde signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Xiao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariana Carla Stern
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Folakemi Odedina
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translational Genomics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Renee Reams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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He D, Sun Z, Guo J, Zhang Z, Shan Y, Ma L, Li H, Jin J, Huang Y, Xiao J, Wei Q, Ye D. A multicenter observational study of the real-world use of docetaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer in China. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2019; 15:144-150. [PMID: 30873737 PMCID: PMC6850484 DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the use of docetaxel for the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) in real‐world clinical practice in China. Methods This single‐arm, prospective, observational study was conducted at 32 study centers in China and included male patients aged ≥18 years with histologically confirmed prostate cancer who received ≥1 dose of docetaxel following failure of hormonal therapy (disease progression with serum testosterone <50 ng/dL). The primary aim was to investigate patterns of docetaxel treatment. Results Overall 403 patients were included between August 2011 and June 2016; patients initiated docetaxel after failure of first‐ (42.2% [170]), second‐ (31.0% [125]) and ≥third‐line (12.7% [51]) hormonal therapy, estramustine (11.4% [46]) or other (2.7% [11]). The planned cycles of docetaxel therapy were completed by 30.8% of patients, and the mean (SD) number of cycles received was 4.4 (2.86). Median overall survival (mOS) was 22.4 (95% CI, 20.4–25.8) months and the prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) response rate in patients with available data was 70.9% (168/237), with no differences in mOS and PSA response rates between treatment settings. Subgroup analysis revealed higher mOS in patients without visceral metastasis versus those with such metastases (22.9 vs. 17.4 months; P = 0.022). No new safety signals were observed and the most common adverse events associated with docetaxel were granulocytopenia (5%) and leukopenia (4.5%). Conclusion Data from this study showed that around three‐quarters of Chinese patients with mCRPC treated with docetaxel initiated treatment following first‐ or second‐line hormonal therapy and no new safety signals were observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalin He
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhongquan Sun
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhigen Zhang
- Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Shan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- The Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hanzhong Li
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaquan Xiao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou
| | - Qiang Wei
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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Wang H, Hou J, Zhang G, Zhang M, Li P, Yan X, Ma Z. Clinical characteristics and prognostic analysis of multiple primary malignant neoplasms in patients with lung cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2019; 26:419-426. [PMID: 30700800 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-019-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Retrospective analysis of data from 14,528 lung cancer patients with multiple primary malignant neoplasm (MPMN) revealed that 2.5% (364/14,528) were MPMN cases and 96.2% (350/364) were diagnosed with two primary malignancies, 3.6% (13/364) with three primary malignancies, and 0.3% (1/364) with four primary malignancies. Among 350 lung cancer patients diagnosed with two primary malignancies, 26.6% (93/350) had lung cancer diagnosed first (LCF) and 73.4% (257/350) had other cancers diagnosed initially (OCF), whereas synchronous MPMN (SMPMN) accounted for 21.1% (74/350) and metachronous MPMN (MMPMN) accounted for 78.9% (276/350) of the cases. Detection of first primary neoplasms were at an early stage for LCF patients and the age of the first lung cancer diagnosis was 59.3 years vs. 55.4 years in the OCF group (P = 0.008), whereas the onset age of second primary neoplasm diagnosis was similar in both groups (62.5 and 61.6 years, P = 0.544). Median survival times of MMPMN and SMPMN patients in the LCF group were 6.83 and 2.42 years and in the OCF group 8.67 years and 2.25 years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that SMPMN, LCF and the age of the primary cancer diagnosed first ( ≥ 60 years) and NSCL staging > II were significant independent factors for inferior prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Jiaozuo, 454000, Jiaozuo, China
| | - Guowei Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mina Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, 450008, Zhengzhou, China.
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Sekikawa A, Ihara M, Lopez O, Kakuta C, Lopresti B, Higashiyama A, Aizenstein H, Chang YF, Mathis C, Miyamoto Y, Kuller L, Cui C. Effect of S-equol and Soy Isoflavones on Heart and Brain. Curr Cardiol Rev 2019; 15:114-135. [PMID: 30516108 PMCID: PMC6520578 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x15666181205104717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies in Asia show that dietary intake of soy isoflavones had a significant inverse association with coronary heart disease (CHD). A recent randomized controlled trial (RCT) of soy isoflavones on atherosclerosis in the US, however, failed to show their benefit. The discrepancy may be due to the much lower prevalence of S-equol producers in Westerners: Only 20-30% of Westerners produce S-equol in contrast to 50-70% in Asians. S-equol is a metabolite of dietary soy isoflavone daidzein by gut microbiome and possesses the most antiatherogenic properties among all isoflavones. Several short-duration RCTs documented that soy isoflavones improves arterial stiffness. Accumulating evidence shows that both atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness are positively associated with cognitive decline/dementia. Therefore, potentially, soy isoflavones, especially S-equol, are protective against cognitive decline/dementia. METHODS/RESULTS This narrative review of clinical and epidemiological studies provides an overview of the health benefits of soy isoflavones and introduces S-equol. Second, we review recent evidence on the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with CHD, atherosclerosis, and arterial stiffness as well as the association of atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness with cognitive decline/ dementia. Third, we highlight recent studies that report the association of soy isoflavones and S-equol with cognitive decline/dementia. Lastly, we discuss the future directions of clinical and epidemiological research on the relationship of S-equol and CHD and dementia. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from observational studies and short-term RCTs suggests that S-equol is anti-atherogenic and improves arterial stiffness and may prevent CHD and cognitive impairment/ dementia. Well-designed long-term (≥ 2years) RCTs should be pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Sekikawa
- Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, 130 North Bellefield Avenue, Suite 336, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Tel: 412-383-1063; Fax: 412-648-4401;
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Ye D, Zhang W, Ma L, Du C, Xie L, Huang Y, Wei Q, Ye Z, Na Y. Adjuvant hormone therapy after radical prostatectomy in high-risk localized and locally advanced prostate cancer: First multicenter, observational study in China. Chin J Cancer Res 2019; 31:511-520. [PMID: 31354220 PMCID: PMC6613498 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2019.03.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Potential of combined androgen blockade (CAB) has not been explored extensively in Chinese males with prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, this study evaluated the 2-year prostate-specific antigen (PSA) recurrence rate and quality of life (QoL) in patients with high-risk localized and locally advanced PCa receiving adjuvant hormone therapy (HT) after radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods This prospective, multicenter, observational study conducted in 18 centers across China enrolled patients with high-risk factor (preoperative PSA>20 ng/mL or Gleason score >7) or locally advanced PCa. Different adjuvant HT were administered after RP according to investigator’s decision in routine clinical practice. Relationship of baseline and postoperative characteristics was assessed with recurrence rate. PSA recurrence rate and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate (FACT-P) QoL scores were recorded at 12 months and 24 months. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to construct the PSA recurrence rate during follow-up. Results A total of 189 patients (mean age: 66.9±6.5 years) were recruited, among which 112 (59.3%) patients showed serum PSA>20 ng/mL preoperatively. The highest postoperative pathological advancement noticed was from clinical T2 (cT2) to pathological T3 (pT3) (43.9%) stage. The majority of the patients (66.1%) received CAB as adjuvant HT, for a median duration of 20.0 months. The least recurrence (15.2%) was noticed in patients treated with CAB, followed by those treated with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) (16.1%), and antiandrogen (19.0%), with non-significant difference noted among the groups. None of the baseline or postoperative characteristics was related with PSA recurrence in our study. The 24-month FACT-P QoL score of 119 patients treated for >12 months showed significant improvement above baseline compared with those treated for ≤12 months. Conclusions Adjuvant CAB therapy after RP showed reduction trend in 2-year PSA recurrence rate in high-risk Chinese patients with localized and locally advanced PCa, compared with adjuvant anti-androgens (AA) or LHRHa therapy. Further long-term therapy (>12 months) significantly improved QoL compared to short-term HT therapy, suggesting the beneficial effect of long-term CAB therapy in improving QoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lulin Ma
- Department of Urology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuanjun Du
- Department of Urology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Liping Xie
- Department of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Urology, Renji Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhangqun Ye
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanqun Na
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shougang Hospital, Beijing 100144, China
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Alvarez CS, Villamor E, Meza R, Rozek LS, Sriplung H, Mondul AM. Differences in prostate tumor characteristics and survival among religious groups in Songkhla, Thailand. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1175. [PMID: 30482167 PMCID: PMC6260711 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer is expected to increase in the next decade in Thailand. Despite the perceived lower risk in this population vs. developed, western countries, it is becoming an important public health issue. Prostate cancer incidence varies between the most predominant religious groups in Thailand, Buddhists and Muslims. However limited data is available describing the prostate cancer survival in these two populations. Here we examine differences in prostate tumor characteristics and survival between Buddhists and Muslims in the province of Songkhla, Thailand. METHODS 945 incident prostate cancer cases (1990-2014) from the population-based Songkhla Cancer Registry were used in this analysis. Age, grade, stage, and year at diagnosis were compared across religious groups, using Wilcoxon or Chi-square tests. Kaplan Meier methods were used to estimate the median survival time and 5-year survival probabilities. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) between religious groups and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for mortality in age-adjusted and fully-adjusted models. RESULTS Prostate tumor characteristics, age, and year at diagnosis were similar across religious groups. The median survival time after diagnosis of prostate cancer was longer in Buddhists 3.8 years compared with Muslims 3.2 years (p = 0.08). The age-adjusted risk of death after prostate cancer diagnosis was higher in Muslims compared with Buddhists (HR: 1.31; 95%CI: 1.00, 1.72). After adjustment by stage and grade, results were slightly attenuated (HR: 1.27, 95%CI: 0.97, 1.67). CONCLUSION Muslims have shorter survival after prostate cancer diagnosis than do Buddhists in Thailand. The reasons underlying this difference require additional investigation in order to design targeted interventions for both populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian S. Alvarez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Eduardo Villamor
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Laura S. Rozek
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Height, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Epidemiology Unit, Faculty of Medicine Hat Yai, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai District, Songkhla, 90110 Thailand
| | - Alison M. Mondul
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48103 USA
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Tomita N, Soga N, Ogura Y, Furusawa J, Tanaka H, Koide Y, Tachibana H, Kodira T. Favorable 10-year outcomes of image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy combined with long-term androgen deprivation for Japanese patients with nonmetastatic prostate cancer. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2018; 15:18-25. [DOI: 10.1111/ajco.13097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Tomita
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Norihito Soga
- Department of Urology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Urology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Jun Furusawa
- Department of Urology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Yutaro Koide
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tachibana
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
| | - Takeshi Kodira
- Department of Radiation Oncology; Aichi Cancer Center Hospital; Nagoya Japan
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Wang J, Hong Y, Shao S, Zhang K, Hong W. FFAR1-and FFAR4-dependent activation of Hippo pathway mediates DHA-induced apoptosis of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 506:590-596. [PMID: 30366669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Evidence indicates that diets enriched in Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a 22:6 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, reduces the risk of prostate cancer, but the biochemical mechanisms are unclear. The Hippo pathway has been well established as a tumor suppressor pathway and is involved in many diverse biologic processes including cell growth, cell death, and organ size control in organisms. Here we showed that DHA induces cell growth inhibition and apoptosis of human androgen-independent prostate cancer cells dependent on the Hippo pathway. DHA inactivates YAP by promoting phosphorylation in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines, accompanied by increased YAP cytoplasm translocation. We also observed that DHA-induced YAP phosphorylation was reversed by both the LATS1 and MST1 siRNAs. Further experiments showed that the mechanism of DHA-induced YAP phosphorylation associated with FFAR1 and FFAR4. Down-regulation of FFAR1 and FFAR4 resulted in reduced YAP phosphorylation and reversed DHA-induced YAP phosphorylation. In addition, DHA-induced YAP phosphorylation was abolished by dominant negative Gαs and PKA inhibitor H-89. Overall, these findings define a mechanism by which FFAR1-and FFAR4-dependent activation of Hippo pathway mediates DHA-induced apoptosis of androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, thus providing a promising therapeutic target for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhao Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yuheng Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China; School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Shuai Shao
- The Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Wei Hong
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Liquid Biopsy Potential Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Diagnostics (Basel) 2018; 8:diagnostics8040068. [PMID: 30698162 PMCID: PMC6316409 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics8040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide with an incidence of 14.8% and a mortality of 6.6%. Shortcomings in comprehensive medical check-ups in low- and middle-income countries lead to delayed detection of PCa and are causative of high numbers of advanced PCa cases at first diagnosis. The performance of available biomarkers is still insufficient and limited applicability, including logistical and financial burdens, impedes comprehensive implementation into health care systems. There is broad agreement on the need of new biomarkers to improve (i) early detection of PCa, (ii) risk stratification, (iii) prognosis, and (iv) treatment monitoring. This review focuses on liquid biopsy tests distinguishing high-grade significant (Gleason score (GS) ≥ 7) from low-grade indolent PCa. Available biomarkers still lack performance in risk stratification of biopsy naïve patients. However, biomarkers with highly negative predictive values may help to reduce unnecessary biopsies. Risk calculators using integrative scoring systems clearly improve decision-making for invasive prostate biopsy. Emerging biomarkers have the potential to substitute PSA and improve the overall performance of risk calculators. Until then, PSA should be used and may be replaced whenever enough evidence has accumulated for better performance of a new biomarker.
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Perloy A, Schouten LJ, van den Brandt PA, Godschalk R, van Schooten FJ, Hogervorst JGF. The Role of Genetic Variants in the Association between Dietary Acrylamide and Advanced Prostate Cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2018; 70:620-631. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2018.1460682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andy Perloy
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leo J. Schouten
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet A. van den Brandt
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roger Godschalk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM – School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik-Jan van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM – School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke G. F. Hogervorst
- Department of Epidemiology, GROW – School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Center for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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50
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Dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk in Japanese: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC Study). Cancer Causes Control 2018; 29:589-600. [PMID: 29671180 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-018-1030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The development of prostate cancer may be impacted by environmental factors, including diet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between dietary patterns and risk of prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study among Japanese men. METHODS A total of 43,469 men who participated in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study were followed from 1995 to 1998 to the end of 2012, during which 1,156 cases of prostate cancer were newly identified. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire in the 5-year follow-up survey. RESULTS Three major dietary patterns were derived using exploratory factors analysis: prudent, westernized, and traditional dietary patterns. The westernized dietary pattern was associated with a higher risk of total prostate cancer (HR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.00-1.49; p trend = 0.021), localized cancer (HR: 1.24; 95% CI 0.97-1.57; p trend = 0.045), and advanced cancer (HR: 1.23; 95% CI 0.82-1.84; p trend = 0.233). The prudent dietary pattern was associated with a lower risk of total and localized prostate cancer, with respective multivariable HRs for the highest and lowest quintiles of 0.71 (95% CI 0.50-1.02; p trend = 0.037) and 0.63 (95% CI 0.38-1.03; p trend = 0.048) among subjects detected by subjective symptoms. No association was found between the traditional dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk among our subjects. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that a western-style diet may lead to a higher risk of prostate cancer in the total population, whereas the prudent diet contributes to a lower risk among subjects detected by subjective symptoms.
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