1
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Gouchoe DA, Sanchez PG, D'Cunha J, Bermudez CA, Daneshmand MA, Davis RD, Hartwig MG, Wozniak TC, Kon ZN, Griffith BP, Lynch WR, Machuca TN, Weyant MJ, Jessen ME, Mulligan MS, D'Ovidio F, Camp PC, Cantu E, Whitson BA. Ex vivo lung perfusion in donation after circulatory death: A post hoc analysis of the Normothermic Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion as an Assessment of Extended/Marginal Donors Lungs trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2024:S0022-5223(24)00212-5. [PMID: 38508486 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors offer the ability to expand the lung donor pool and ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) further contributes to this ability by allowing for additional evaluation and resuscitation of these extended criteria donors. We sought to determine the outcomes of recipients receiving organs from DCD EVLP donors in a multicenter setting. METHODS This was an unplanned post hoc analysis of a multicenter, prospective, nonrandomized trial that took place during 2011 to 2017 with 3 years of follow-up. Patients were placed into 3 groups based off procurement strategy: brain-dead donor (control), brain-dead donor evaluated by EVLP, and DCD donors evaluated by EVLP. The primary outcomes were severe primary graft dysfunction at 72 hours and survival. Secondary outcomes included select perioperative outcomes, and 1-year and 3-years allograft function and quality of life measures. RESULTS The DCD EVLP group had significantly higher incidence of severe primary graft dysfunction at 72 hours (P = .03), longer days on mechanical ventilation (P < .001) and in-hospital length of stay (P = .045). Survival at 3 years was 76.5% (95% CI, 69.2%-84.7%) for the control group, 68.3% (95% CI, 58.9%-79.1%) for the brain-dead donor group, and 60.7% (95% CI, 45.1%-81.8%) for the DCD group (P = .36). At 3-year follow-up, presence observed bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome or quality of life metrics did not differ among the groups. CONCLUSIONS Although DCD EVLP allografts might not be appropriate to transplant in every candidate recipient, the expansion of their use might afford recipients stagnant on the waitlist a viable therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug A Gouchoe
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; 88th Surgical Operations Squadron, Wright-Patterson Medical Center, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
| | - Pablo G Sanchez
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Jonathan D'Cunha
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, Ariz
| | | | - Mani A Daneshmand
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
| | - Robert D Davis
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Florida Hospital Transplant Center, Orlando, Fla
| | - Matthew G Hartwig
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Thomas C Wozniak
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, ProHealth Care, Waukesha, Wis
| | - Zachary N Kon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY
| | - Bartley P Griffith
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, Md
| | - William R Lynch
- Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Tiago N Machuca
- Division of Lung Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Fla
| | | | - Michael E Jessen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Tex
| | - Michael S Mulligan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash
| | - Frank D'Ovidio
- Section of General Thoracic Surgery, Lung Transplant Program, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Phillip C Camp
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Corewell Health-East, Dearborn, Mich
| | - Edward Cantu
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa
| | - Bryan A Whitson
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio; Collaboration for Organ Perfusion, Protection, Engineering, and Regeneration Laboratory, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Center, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
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2
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De Wolf J, Fadel G, Olland A, Falcoz PE, Mordant P, Castier Y, Brioude G, Thomas PA, Lacoste P, Issard J, Antoine C, Fadel E, Chapelier A, Mercier O, Sage E. Controlled donation after circulatory death lung transplantation: Results of the French protocol including in situ abdominal normothermic regional perfusion and ex vivo lung perfusion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:1093-1100. [PMID: 37019731 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The French national protocol for controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCD) includes normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in case of abdominal organ procurement and additional ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) before considering lung transplantation (LT). METHODS We made a retrospective study of a prospective registry that included all donors considered for cDCD LT from the beginning of the program in May 2016 to November 2021. RESULTS One hundred grafts from 14 donor hospitals were accepted by 6 LT centers. The median duration of the agonal phase was 20 minutes [2-166]. The median duration from circulatory arrest to pulmonary flush was 62 minutes [20-90]. Ten lung grafts were not retrieved due to prolonged agonal phases (n = 3), failure of NRP insertion (n = 5), or poor in situ evaluation (n = 2). The remaining 90 lung grafts were all evaluated on EVLP, with a conversion rate of 84% and a cDCD transplantation rate of 76%. The median total preservation time was 707 minutes [543-1038]. Seventy-one bilateral LTs and 5 single LTs were performed for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 29), pulmonary fibrosis (n = 21), cystic fibrosis (n = 15), pulmonary hypertension (n = 8), graft-versus-host disease (n = 2), and adenosquamous carcinoma (n = 1). The rate of PGD3 was 9% (n = 5). The 1-year survival rate was 93.4%. CONCLUSION After initial acceptance, cDCD lung grafts led to LT in 76% of cases, with outcomes similar to those already reported in the literature. The relative impacts of NRP and EVLP on the outcome following cDCD LT should be assessed prospectively in the context of comparative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J De Wolf
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - G Fadel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - A Olland
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - P E Falcoz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France
| | - P Mordant
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Y Castier
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Bichat, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - G Brioude
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hopital Nord de Marseille APHM, Marseille, France
| | - P A Thomas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hopital Nord de Marseille APHM, Marseille, France
| | - P Lacoste
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - J Issard
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - C Antoine
- Agence de la Biomédecine, Saint-Denis, France
| | - E Fadel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - A Chapelier
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | - O Mercier
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Centre Chirurgical Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | - E Sage
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation, Hôpital Foch, Suresnes, France.
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3
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Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz JL, Miñambres E, Coll E, Padilla M, Sánchez Antolín G, de la Rosa G, Rosado J, González García FJ, Crowley Carrasco S, Sales Badía G, María Fieria Costa E, Alberto García Salcedo J, Mora V, de la Torre C, Badenes R, Atutxa Bizkarguenaga L, Domínguez-Gil B. Outcomes Of Lung And Liver Transplantation After Simultaneous Recovery Using Abdominal Normothermic Regional Perfusion In Donors After The Circulatory Determination Of Death Versus Donors After Brain Death. Am J Transplant 2023:S1600-6135(23)00414-8. [PMID: 37100392 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) in controlled donation after the circulatory determination of death (cDCD) is a growing preservation technique for abdominal organs that coexists with the rapid recovery of lungs. We aim at describing the outcomes of lung transplants (LuTx) and liver transplants (LiTx) when both grafts are simultaneously recovered from cDCD donors using NRP, and compare them to donation after brain death (DBD). All LuTx and LiTx meeting these criteria during January-2015 to December-2020 in Spain were included in the study. Simultaneous recovery of lungs and livers was undertaken in 227 (17%) cDCD with NRP and 1,879 (21%) DBD donors (p<0.001). Primary graft dysfunction grade-3 within the first 72hours was similar in both LuTx groups (14.7% cDCD vs. 10.5% DBD;p=0.139). LuTx survival at 1 and 3years was 79.9% and 66.4% in cDCD, vs. 81.9% and 69.7% in DBD (p=0.403). The incidence of primary non-function and ischemic cholangiopathy was similar in both LiTx groups. Graft survival at 1 and 3years was 89.7% and 80.8% in cDCD vs. 88.2% and 82.1% in DBD LiTx (p=0.669). In conclusion, the simultaneous rapid recovery of lungs and preservation of abdominal organs with NRP in cDCD donors is feasible, and offers similar outcomes in both LuTx and LiTx recipients to transplants using DBD grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Miñambres
- Transplant Coordination Unit & Service of Intensive Care, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla-IDIVAL. School of Medicine, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Joel Rosado
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation. Vall d'Hebrón University Hospital. Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Silvana Crowley Carrasco
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department. Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda. Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Sales Badía
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation. Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe. Valencia, Spain
| | - Eva María Fieria Costa
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña. A Coruña, Spain
| | | | - Victor Mora
- Pneumology Department, Lung Transplantation Unit, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos de la Torre
- Pediatric Surgery and Lung Transplantation. La Paz University Hospital. Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Badenes
- Department of Anesthesiology and Surgical-Trauma Intensive Care, Hospital Clinic Universitari de Valencia, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Expanding the Lung Donor Pool: Donation After Circulatory Death, Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion and Hepatitis C Donors. Clin Chest Med 2023; 44:77-83. [PMID: 36774170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
"Organ shortage remains a limiting factor in lung transplantation. Traditionally, donation after brain death has been the main source of lungs used for transplantation; however, to meet the demand of patients requiring lung transplantation it is crucial to find innovative methods for organ donation. The implementation of extended donors, lung donation after cardiac death (DCD), the use of ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) systems, and more recently the acceptance of hepatitis C donors have started to close the gap between organ donors and recipients in need of lung transplantation. This article focuses on the expansion of donor lungs for transplantation after DCD, the use of EVLP in evaluating extended criteria lungs, and the use of lung grafts from donors with hepatitis C."
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5
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Palleschi A, Zanella A, Citerio G, Musso V, Rosso L, Tosi D, Fumagalli J, Bonitta G, Benazzi E, Lopez G, Rossetti V, Morlacchi LC, Uslenghi C, Cardillo M, Blasi F, Grasselli G, Valenza F, Nosotti M. Lung Transplantation From Controlled and Uncontrolled Donation After Circulatory Death (DCD) Donors With Long Ischemic Times Managed by Simple Normothermic Ventilation and Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion Assessment. Transpl Int 2023; 36:10690. [PMID: 36846600 PMCID: PMC9945516 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2023.10690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Donation after cardiac death (DCD) donors are still subject of studies. In this prospective cohort trial, we compared outcomes after lung transplantation (LT) of subjects receiving lungs from DCD donors with those of subjects receiving lungs from donation after brain death (DBD) donors (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT02061462). Lungs from DCD donors were preserved in-vivo through normothermic ventilation, as per our protocol. We enrolled candidates for bilateral LT ≥14 years. Candidates for multi-organ or re-LT, donors aged ≥65 years, DCD category I or IV donors were excluded. We recorded clinical data on donors and recipients. Primary endpoint was 30-day mortality. Secondary endpoints were: duration of mechanical ventilation (MV), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay, severe primary graft dysfunction (PGD3) and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD). 121 patients (110 DBD Group, 11 DCD Group) were enrolled. 30-day mortality and CLAD prevalence were nil in the DCD Group. DCD Group patients required longer MV (DCD Group: 2 days, DBD Group: 1 day, p = 0.011). ICU length of stay and PGD3 rate were higher in DCD Group but did not significantly differ. LT with DCD grafts procured with our protocols appears safe, despite prolonged ischemia times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palleschi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Zanella
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Citerio
- School of Medicine, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Neurointensive Care, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Valeria Musso
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Tosi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Fumagalli
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Benazzi
- Coordinamento Trapianti North Italy Transplantation Program (NITp), Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Lopez
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rossetti
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Letizia Corinna Morlacchi
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Clarissa Uslenghi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Blasi
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Adult Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Grasselli
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Emergency, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda—Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Valenza
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Nosotti
- University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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6
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Lung transplantation following donation after circulatory death. TRANSPLANTATION REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tpr.2022.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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7
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Schwarz S, Gökler J, Moayedifar R, Atteneder C, Bocchialini G, Benazzo A, Schweiger T, Jaksch P, Zuckermann AO, Aliabadi-Zuckermann AZ, Hoetzenecker K. Prioritizing direct heart procurement in organ donors after circulatory death does not jeopardize lung transplant outcomes. JTCVS Tech 2022; 16:182-195. [PMID: 36510519 PMCID: PMC9737044 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjtc.2022.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Controlled donation after circulatory death (cDCD) has become a standard in liver, kidney, and lung transplantation (LTx). Based on recent innovations in ex vivo heart preservation, heart transplant centers have started to accept cDCD heart allografts. Because the heart has very limited tolerance to warm ischemia, changes to the cDCD organ procurement procedures are needed. These changes entail delayed ventilation and prolonged warm ischemia for the lungs. Whether this negatively impacts lung allograft function is unclear. Methods A retrospective analysis of cDCD lungs transplanted between 2012 and February 2022 at the Medical University of Vienna was performed. The heart + lung group consisted of cases in which the heart was procured by a cardiac team for subsequent normothermic ex vivo perfusion. A control group (lung group) was formed by cases where only the lungs were explanted. In heart + lung group cases, the heart procurement team placed cannulas after circulatory death and a hands-off time, collected donor blood for ex vivo perfusion, and performed rapid organ perfusion with Custodiol solution, after which the heart was explanted. Up to this point, the lung procurement team did not interfere. No concurrent lung ventilation or pulmonary artery perfusion was performed. After the cardiac procurement team left the table, ventilation was initiated, and lung perfusion was performed directly through both stumps of the pulmonary arteries using 2 large-bore Foley catheters. This study analyzed procedural explant times, postoperative outcomes, primary graft dysfunction (PGD), duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and early survival after LTx. Results A total of 56 cDCD lungs were transplanted during the study period. In 7 cases (12.5%), the heart was also procured (heart + lung group); in 49 cases (87.5%), only the lungs were explanted (lung group). Basic donor parameters were comparable in the 2 groups. The median times from circulatory arrest to lung perfusion (24 minutes vs 13.5 minutes; P = .002) and from skin incision to lung perfusion (14 minutes vs 5 minutes; P = .005) were significantly longer for the heart + lung procedures. However, this did not affect post-transplantation PGD grade at 0 hours (P = .851), 24 hours (P = .856), 48 hours (P = .929), and 72 hours (P = .874). At 72 hours after transplantation, none of the lungs in the heart + lung group but 1 lung (2.2%) in lung group was in PGD 3. The median duration of mechanical ventilation (50 hours vs 41 hours; P = .801), length of ICU stay (8 days vs 6 days; P = .951), and total length of hospital stay (27 days vs 25 days; P = .814) were also comparable in the 2 groups. In-hospital mortality occurred in only 1 patient of the lung group (2.2%). Conclusions Although prioritized cDCD heart explantation is associated with delayed ventilation and significantly longer warm ischemic time to the lungs, post-LTx outcomes within the first year are unchanged. Prioritizing heart perfusion and explantation in the setting of cDCD procurement can be considered acceptable.
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Key Words
- CA, circulatory arrest
- DBD, donation after brain death
- ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
- EVLP, ex vivo lung perfusion
- ICU, intensive care unit
- ISHLT, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation
- LTx, lung transplantation
- NRP, normothermic regional perfusion
- PGD, primary graft dysfunction
- PHP, prioritized heart procurement
- SWIT, surgical warm ischemic time
- WIT, warm ischemic time
- WLST, withdrawal of life support therapy
- cDCD, controlled donation after circulatory death
- donation after circulatory death
- heart transplantation
- lung transplantation
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schwarz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Gökler
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roxana Moayedifar
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Atteneder
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giovanni Bocchialini
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Benazzo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Jaksch
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria,Address for reprints: Konrad Hoetzenecker, MD, PhD, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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8
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Controlled DCD Lung Transplantation: Circumventing Imagined and Real Barriers- Time for an International Taskforce? J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:1198-1203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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9
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Ex-vivo lung perfusion therapies. Curr Opin Organ Transplant 2022; 27:204-210. [DOI: 10.1097/mot.0000000000000961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Egan TM, Haithcock BE, Lobo J, Mody G, Love RB, Requard JJ, Espey J, Ali MH. Donation after circulatory death donors in lung transplantation. J Thorac Dis 2022; 13:6536-6549. [PMID: 34992833 PMCID: PMC8662509 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-2021-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of any organ into a recipient requires a donor. Lung transplant has a long history of an inadequate number of suitable donors to meet demand, leading to deaths on the waiting list annually since national data was collected, and strict listing criteria. Before the Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA), passed in 1980, legally defined brain death in the U.S., all donors for lung transplant came from sudden death victims [uncontrolled Donation after Circulatory Death donors (uDCDs)] in the recipient’s hospital emergency department. After passage of the UDDA, uDCDs were abandoned to Donation after Brain Death donors (DBDs)—perhaps prematurely. Compared to livers and kidneys, many DBDs have lungs that are unsuitable for transplant, due to aspiration pneumonia, neurogenic pulmonary edema, trauma, and the effects of brain death on lung function. Another group of donors has become available—patients with a devastating irrecoverable brain injury that do not meet criteria for brain death. If a decision is made by next-of-kin (NOK) to withdraw life support and allow death to occur by asphyxiation, with NOK consent, these individuals can have organs recovered if death occurs relatively quickly after cessation of mechanical ventilation and maintenance of their airway. These are known as controlled Donation after Circulatory Death donors (cDCDs). For a variety of reasons, in the U.S., lungs are recovered from cDCDs at a much lower rate than kidneys and livers. Ex-vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) in the last decade has had a modest impact on increasing the number of lungs for transplant from DBDs, but may have had a larger impact on lungs from cDCDs, and may be indispensable for safe transplantation of lungs from uDCDs. In the next decade, DCDs may have a substantial impact on the number of lung transplants performed in the U.S. and around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Egan
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Jason Lobo
- Department of Medicine, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gita Mody
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Love
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - John Espey
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mir Hasnain Ali
- Department of Surgery, UNC at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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11
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Honarmand K, Alshamsi F, Foroutan F, Rochwerg B, Belley-Cote E, Mclure G, D'Aragon F, Ball IM, Sener A, Selzner M, Guyatt G, Meade MO. Antemortem Heparin in Organ Donation After Circulatory Death Determination: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Transplantation 2021; 105:e337-e346. [PMID: 33901108 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Donation after circulatory death determination frequently involves antemortem heparin administration to mitigate peri-arrest microvascular thrombosis. We systematically reviewed the literature to: (1) describe heparin administration practices and (2) explore the effects on transplant outcomes. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for studies reporting donation after circulatory death determination heparin practices including use, dosage, and timing (objective 1). To explore associations between antemortem heparin and transplant outcomes (objective 2), we (1) summarized within-study comparisons and (2) used meta-regression analyses to examine associations between proportions of donors that received heparin and transplant outcomes. We assessed risk of bias using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale and applied the GRADE methodology to determine certainty in the evidence. For objective 1, among 55 eligible studies, 48 reported heparin administration to at least some donors (range: 15.8%-100%) at variable doses (up to 1000 units/kg) and times relative to withdrawal of life-sustaining therapy. For objective 2, 7 studies that directly compared liver transplants with and without antemortem heparin reported lower rates of primary nonfunction, hepatic artery thrombosis, graft failure at 5 y, or recipient mortality (low certainty of evidence). In contrast, meta-regression analysis of 32 liver transplant studies detected no associations between the proportion of donors that received heparin and rates of early allograft dysfunction, primary nonfunction, hepatic artery thrombosis, biliary ischemia, graft failure, retransplantation, or patient survival (very low certainty of evidence). In conclusion, antemortem heparin practices vary substantially with an uncertain effect on transplant outcomes. Given the controversies surrounding antemortem heparin, clinical trials may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Honarmand
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Fayez Alshamsi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Farid Foroutan
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bram Rochwerg
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Emilie Belley-Cote
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Graham Mclure
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Frederick D'Aragon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Ian M Ball
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alp Sener
- Department of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Markus Selzner
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Department of Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gordon Guyatt
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maureen O Meade
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz JL, Crowley Carrasco S, Tanaka S, Romero Román A, Hoyos Mejía L, Gil Barturen M, Sánchez Calle Á, García Fadul C, Aguilar Pérez M, Pérez Redondo M, Naranjo Gómez JM, Royuela A, Córdoba Peláez M, Varela de Ugarte A, Gómez de Antonio D. Lung transplantation from uncontrolled and controlled donation after circulatory death: similar outcomes to brain death donors. Transpl Int 2021; 34:2609-2619. [PMID: 34570381 DOI: 10.1111/tri.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Controlled donation after circulatory death donors (cDCD) are becoming a frequent source of lungs grafts worldwide. Conversely, lung transplantations (LTx) from uncontrolled donors (uDCD) are sporadically reported. We aimed to review our institutional experience using both uDCD and cDCD and compare to LTx from brain death donors (DBD). This is a retrospective analysis of all LTx performed between January 2013 and December 2019 in our institution. Donor and recipient characteristics were collected and univariate, multivariate and survival analyses were carried out comparing the three cohorts of donors. A total of 239 (84.7%) LTx were performed from DBD, 29 (10.3%) from cDCD and 14 (5%) from uDCD. There were no statistically significant differences in primary graft dysfunction grade 3 at 72 h, 30- and 90-day mortality, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after procedure, ICU and hospital length of stay, airway complications, CLAD incidence or survival at 1 and 3 years after transplant (DBD: 87.1% and 78.1%; cDCD: 89.7% and 89.7%; uDCD: 85.7% and 85.7% respectively; P = 0.42). Short- and mid-term outcomes are comparable between the three types of donors. These findings may encourage and reinforce all types of donation after circulatory death programmes as a valid and growing source of suitable organs for transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Campo-Cañaveral de la Cruz
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvana Crowley Carrasco
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Shin Tanaka
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery/Organ Transplant Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Alejandra Romero Román
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucas Hoyos Mejía
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Gil Barturen
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro Sánchez Calle
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian García Fadul
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Aguilar Pérez
- Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Pérez Redondo
- Intensive Care Unit, Transplant Coordinator, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Naranjo Gómez
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Royuela
- Biostatistics Unit, Puerta de Hierro Biomedical Research Institute (IDIPHISA), CIBERESP, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Córdoba Peláez
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Varela de Ugarte
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
| | - David Gómez de Antonio
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid., Madrid, Spain
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Ehrsam JP, Benden C, Immer FF, Inci I. Current status and further potential of lung donation after circulatory death. Clin Transplant 2021; 35:e14335. [PMID: 33948997 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic organ shortage remains the most limiting factor in lung transplantation. To overcome this shortage, a minority of centers have started with efforts to reintroduce donation after circulatory death (DCD). This review aims to evaluate the experimental background, the current international clinical experience, and the further potential and challenges of the different DCD categories. Successful strategies have been implemented to reduce the problems of warm ischemic time, thrombosis after circulatory arrest, and difficulties in organ assessment, which come with DCD donation. From the currently reported results, controlled-DCD lungs are an effective and safe method with good mid-term and even long-term survival outcomes comparable to donation after brain death (DBD). Primary graft dysfunction and onset of chronic allograft dysfunction seem also comparable. Thus, controlled-DCD lungs should be ceased to be treated as marginal and instead be promoted as an equivalent alternative to DBD. A wide implementation of controlled-DCD-lung donation would significantly decrease the mortality on the waiting list. Therefore, further efforts in establishment of legislation and logistics are crucial. With regard to uncontrolled DCD, more data are needed analyzing long-term outcomes. To help with the detailed assessment and improvement of uncontrolled or otherwise questionable grafts after retrieval, ex-vivo lung perfusion is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas P Ehrsam
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Ilhan Inci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Zurich, Switzerland.,University of Zurich Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland
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Campo-Canaveral De La Cruz JL, Dunne B, Lemaitre P, Rackauskas M, Pozniak J, Watanabe Y, Mariscal A, Yeung J, Yasufuku K, Pierre A, de Perrot M, Waddell TK, Cypel M, Keshavjee S, Donahoe L. Deceased-donor lobar lung transplant: A successful strategy for small-sized recipients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 161:1674-1685. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2020.04.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Inci I, Schuurmans MM, Caviezel C, Hillinger S, Opitz I, Schneiter D, Weder W. Long-Term Outcomes of Cadaveric Lobar Lung Transplantation: An Important Surgical Option. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 27:244-250. [PMID: 33473053 PMCID: PMC8374092 DOI: 10.5761/atcs.oa.20-00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadaveric lobar lung transplantation (L-LTx) is developed to overcome donor-recipient size mismatch. Controversial short- and long-term outcomes following L-LTx have been reported compared to full-sized lung transplantation (F-LTx). This study reports long-term outcomes after L-LTx. METHODS We reviewed patients undergoing lung transplantation (LTx) between 2000 and 2016. The decision to perform L-LTx was made based mainly on donor-recipient height discrepancy and visual assessment of donor lungs. Predicted donor-recipient total lung capacity (TLC) ratio was calculated more recently. Primary outcome was overall survival. RESULTS In all, 370 bilateral LTx were performed during the study period, among those 250 (67%) underwent F-LTx and 120 (32%) underwent L-LTx, respectively. One- and 5-year survival rates were 85% vs. 90% and 53% vs. 63% for L-LTx and F-LTx, respectively (p = 0.16). Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-free survival at 5 years was 48% in L-LTx vs. 51% in F-LTx recipients (p = 0.89), respectively. Age, intraoperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and postoperative renal replacement therapy (RRT) were significant prognostic factors for survival using multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS Overall survival and CLAD-free survival following L-LTx were comparable to F-LTx. Given the ongoing donor organ shortage, cadaveric L-LTx remains as an important resource in LTx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhan Inci
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mace M Schuurmans
- Division of Pulmonology, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Caviezel
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sven Hillinger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Opitz
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Didier Schneiter
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Walter Weder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zurich University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sef D, Verzelloni Sef A, Mohite P, Stock U, Trkulja V, Raj B, Garcia Saez D, Mahesh B, De Robertis F, Simon A. Utilization of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in DCD and DBD lung transplants: a 2-year single-center experience. Transpl Int 2020; 33:1788-1798. [PMID: 32989785 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) has the potential to expand the lung donor pool. We aimed to assess whether DCD affected the need for perioperative extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and perioperative outcomes in lung transplantation (LTx) as compared to donation after brain death (DBD). All consecutive LTxs performed between April 2017 and March 2019 at our tertiary center were analyzed. Donor and recipient preoperative characteristics, utilization of ECMO, and perioperative clinical outcomes were compared between DCD and DBD LTx. Multivariate models (frequentist and Bayes) were fitted to evaluate an independent effect of DCD on the intra- and postoperative need for ECMO. Out of 105 enrolled patients, 25 (23.8%) were DCD LTx. Donors' and preoperative recipients' characteristics were comparable between the groups. Intraoperatively, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) was more common in DCD LTx (56.0% vs. 36.2%), but the adjusted difference was minor (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 0.64-2.12; P = 0.613). MCS duration, and first and second lung ischemia time were longer in the DCD group. Postoperatively, DCD recipients more commonly required ECMO (32.0% vs. 7.5%) and the difference remained considerable after adjustment for the pre- and intraoperative covariates: RR = 4.11 (95% CI 0.95-17.7), P = 0.058, Bayes RR = 4.15 (95% CrI 1.28-13.0). Sensitivity analyses (two DCD-DBD matching procedures) supported a higher risk of postoperative ECMO need in DCD patients. Incidence of delayed chest closure, postoperative chest drainage, and renal replacement therapy was higher in the DCD group. Early postoperative outcomes after DCD LTx appeared generally comparable to those after DBD LTx. DCD was associated with a higher need for postoperative ECMO which could influence clinical outcomes. However, as the DCD group had a significantly higher use of EVLP with more common ECMO preoperatively, this might have contributed to worse outcomes in the DCD group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davorin Sef
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessandra Verzelloni Sef
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Prashant Mohite
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ulrich Stock
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Vladimir Trkulja
- Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Binu Raj
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Diana Garcia Saez
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Balakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Fabio De Robertis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
| | - Andre Simon
- Department of Cardiothoracic Transplantation and Mechanical Circulatory Support, Royal Brompton & Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, Harefield Hospital, London, UK
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17
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The Comparable Efficacy of Lung Donation After Circulatory Death and Brain Death: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Transplantation 2019; 103:2624-2633. [DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Palleschi A, Rosso L, Musso V, Rimessi A, Bonitta G, Nosotti M. Lung transplantation from donation after controlled cardiocirculatory death. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2019; 34:100513. [PMID: 31718887 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2019.100513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interest in donation after cardiocirculatory death (DCD) donors for lung transplantation (LT) has been recently rekindled due to lung allograft shortage. Clinical outcomes following DCD have proved satisfactory. The aim of this systematic review is to provide a thorough analysis of published experience regarding outcomes of LT after controlled DCD compared with donation after brain death (DBD) donors. METHODS We performed a literature search in Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed and Web of Science using the items "lung transplantation" AND "donation after circulatory death" on November 1, 2018. The full text of relevant articles was evaluated by two authors independently. Quality assessment was performed using the NIH protocol for case-control and case series studies. A pooled Odds ratio (OR) and mean differences with inverse variance weighting using DerSimonian-Laird random effect models were computed to account for between-trial variance (τ2). RESULTS Of the 508 articles identified with our search, 9 regarding controlled donation after cardiac death (cDCD) were included in the systematic review, including 2973 patients (403 who received graft from DCD and 2570 who had DBD). Both 1-year survival and 2 and 3-grade primary graft dysfunction (PGD) were balanced between the two cohorts (OR = 1.00 and 1.03 respectively); OR for airway complications was 2.07 against cDCD. We also report an OR = 0.57 for chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) and an OR = 0.57 for 5-year survival against cDCD. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis shows no significant difference between recipients after cDCD or DBD regarding 1-year survival, PGD and 1-year freedom from CLAD. Airway complications and long-term survival were both related with transplantation after cDCD, but these statistical associations need further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Palleschi
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rosso
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Gianluca Bonitta
- Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Nosotti
- Thoracic Surgery and Lung Transplantation Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico of Milan, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia medico-chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Wilkey BJ, Abrams BA. Mitigation of Primary Graft Dysfunction in Lung Transplantation: Current Understanding and Hopes for the Future. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2019; 24:54-66. [DOI: 10.1177/1089253219881980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a form of acute lung injury that develops within the first 72 hours after lung transplantation. The overall incidence of PGD is estimated to be around 30%, and the 30-day mortality for grade 3 PGD around 36%. PGD is also associated with the development of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome, a specific form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. In this article, we will discuss perioperative strategies for PGD prevention as well as possible future avenues for prevention and treatment.
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Sulmasy DP. Whole-brain death and integration: realigning the ontological concept with clinical diagnostic tests. THEORETICAL MEDICINE AND BIOETHICS 2019; 40:455-481. [PMID: 31696418 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-019-09504-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For decades, physicians, philosophers, theologians, lawyers, and the public considered brain death a settled issue. However, a series of recent cases in which individuals were declared brain dead yet physiologically maintained for prolonged periods of time has challenged the status quo. This signals a need for deeper reflection and reexamination of the underlying philosophical, scientific, and clinical issues at stake in defining death. In this paper, I consider four levels of philosophical inquiry regarding death: the ontological basis, actual states of affairs, epistemological standards, and clinical criteria for brain death. I outline several candidates for the states of affairs that may constitute death, arguing that we should strive for a single, unified ontological definition of death as a loss of integrated functioning as a unified organism, while acknowledging that two states of affairs (cardiopulmonary death and whole-brain death) may satisfy this concept. I argue that the clinical criteria for determining whole-brain death should be bolstered to meet the epistemic demand of sufficient certainty in defining death by adding indicators of cerebro-somatic dis-integration to the traditional triad of loss of consciousness, loss of brainstem function, and absence of confounding explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Sulmasy
- Kennedy Institute of Ethics, Georgetown University, Healy 419, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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