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Trevisano RG, Matias H, de Jesus Teani T, Silvino VO, Ferreira CP, Dos Santos MAP, Braga PLG, Almeida SS. The frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism in South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-023-04923-9. [PMID: 38310174 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04923-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a key component of the renin-angiotensin system and plays an important role in homeostasis and maintenance of blood pressure. However, little is known about allele and genotypic frequencies, as well as phenotypic characteristics associated with ACE polymorphism genotypes in South American populations. This study aimed to verify the allelic predominance and genotype frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism in South America and its association with the main diseases and related conditions. We conducted a systematic review considering studies published in the last 25 years available in PubMed, Scielo, LILACS, LIPECS, Coleciona SUS, CUMED, BINACIS, IBECS, and MEDLINE databases, resulting in the inclusion of 121 studies. Quality of the studies was assessed according to the Strengthening the Reporting of Genetic Association (STREGA) guidelines. We mapped the frequency of the ACE I/D polymorphism in South American populations. 8,856 (32.1%) subjects were DD, 13,050 were ID (47.4%), and 5,644 were II (20.5%) carriers. The main associated conditions included systemic arterial hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions, cardiorespiratory or respiratory characteristics, physical activity level, kidney conditions, aging-related diseases, as well as different types of cancers and metabolic conditions. 61.1% of the studies found no significant association between the respective conditions investigated and the ACE I/D polymorphism. Considering DD genotype or D allele, 21.5% of the studies observed negative and 4.9% positive outcomes. Regarding ID genotype, 4.1% of the studies identified negative and 0.8% positive outcomes, and for II genotype or I allele, 4.1% of the results had negative and 10.7% positive associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Gonçalves Trevisano
- Department of Obstetrician, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Helen Matias
- Department of Obstetrician, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Valmir Oliveira Silvino
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) post-graduation program, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Cirley Pinheiro Ferreira
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) post-graduation program, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antonio Pereira Dos Santos
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Nucleus of Study in Physiology Applied to Performance and Health (NEFADS), Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) post-graduation program, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Soares Almeida
- Department of Obstetrician, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Universidade Ibirapuera, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Faculdade Anhanguera de Guarulhos, Guarulhos, SP, Brazil.
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Tamburus NY, Verlengia R, Kunz VC, César MC, Silva E. Apolipoprotein B and angiotensin-converting enzyme polymorphisms and aerobic interval training: randomized controlled trial in coronary artery disease patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 51:e6944. [PMID: 29846435 PMCID: PMC5999065 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20186944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Physical training has been strongly recommended as a non-pharmacological treatment for coronary artery disease (CAD). Genetic polymorphisms have been studied to understand the biological variability in response to exercise among individuals. This study aimed to verify the possible influence of apolipoprotein B (ApoB: rs1042031 and rs693) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE-ID: rs1799752) genotypes on the lipid profile and functional aerobic capacity, respectively, after an aerobic interval training (AIT) program in patients with CAD and/or cardiovascular risk factors. Sixty-six men were randomized and assigned to trained group (n=32) or control group (n=34). Cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine the ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) from cardiorespiratory variables. The AIT program, at an intensity equivalent to %VAT (70-110%), was conducted three times a week for 16 weeks. ApoB gene polymorphisms (-12669C>T (rs1042031) and -7673G>A (rs693)) were identified by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). I/D polymorphism in the ACE gene (rs1799752) was identified through PCR and fragment size analysis. After 16 weeks, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels increased in the trained and control groups with the GA+AA genotype (-7673G>A) of the ApoB gene. Trained groups with ACE-II and ACE-ID genotypes presented an increase in oxygen consumption (VO2VAT) and power output after the AIT program. The presence of the ACE I-allele was associated with increased aerobic functional capacity after the AIT program. Increased LDL levels were observed over time in patients with the -7673G>A polymorphism of the ApoB gene. Trial Registration Information: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02313831.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Y Tamburus
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - R Verlengia
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - V C Kunz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
| | - M C César
- Laboratório de Performance Humana, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Metodista de Piracicaba, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil
| | - E Silva
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Exercício Físico, Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brasil
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The influence of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene ID polymorphism on human physical fitness performance in European and other populations. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0340-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Malhotra S, Preet K, Tomar A, Rawat S, Singh S, Singh I, Varte LR, Chatterjee T, Pal MS, Sarkar S. Polygenic study of endurance-associated genetic markers ACE I/D, ACTN3 Arg(R)577Ter(X), CKMM A/G NcoI and eNOS Glu(G)298Asp(T) in male Gorkha soldiers. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2017; 3:17. [PMID: 28444615 PMCID: PMC5405041 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Gorkhas, a sub-mountainous population of the Himalayan region, are known for strength and bravery. In the present study when “Gorkha” is used without brackets, we are mentioning Gorkhas of Tibeto-Burman origin. Physical capability, strength and endurance are important components of fitness associated with genetic traits. The aim of this study was to examine the endurance potential of male Gorkha soldiers, based on endurance-related genetic markers ACE I/D, ACTN3 Arg (R)577Ter(X), CKMM A/G NcoI and eNOS Glu(G)298Asp(T). Methods Genotypic and allelic frequencies were determined in 374 male Gorkha soldiers (Tibeto-Burman). These frequencies were compared with frequencies obtained from Gorkha (Indo-Aryan), high-altitude natives (Tibeto-Burman) and Indian lowlanders (Indo-Aryan). “Total genotype score” (TGS) was calculated from accumulated combination of polymorphisms with maximum value “100” for theoretically “optimal” polygenic score. Probability of occurrence of “optimal” endurance profile was also determined. Results ACE II genotypic frequency was highest in Tamangs followed by Gurungs, Rais, Limbus and Magars. No statistical difference in genotypic and allelic frequency of ACTN3 Arg(R)577Ter(X) was noted within the groups. Rais showed the highest CKMM A allele frequency (0.908) compared to other Gorkha (Tibeto-Burman) groups. Limbus and Tamangs showed the highest eNOS G allele frequency (0.938 and 0.915, respectively) compared to that of other groups. Probability of male Gorkha soldiers possessing a theoretically optimal polygenic endurance profile for four candidate polymorphisms was ~3.35% (1 in 30). Four percent of the population of male Gorkha soldiers (15 in 374) exhibited an optimal TGS 100, and 16% exhibited TGS 87 for endurance compared to male Indian soldiers belonging to the lowland (Indo-Aryan) and Gorkha (Indo-Aryan) populations suggesting an overall more “favourable” polygenic profile in the male Gorkha soldier (Tibeto-Burman) population. Conclusions This study presents evidence of higher frequency of endurance-associated genes in the Gorkhas implying thereby that such genetically endowed individuals from the population may be selected and trained for achieving excellence in endurance-related elite sports activities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40798-017-0085-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Malhotra
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Kiran Preet
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Arvind Tomar
- Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE). Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, 474002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shweta Rawat
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Sayar Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Inderjeet Singh
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - L Robert Varte
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Tirthankar Chatterjee
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M S Pal
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Soma Sarkar
- Defence Institute of Physiology and Allied Sciences (DIPAS), Ministry of Defence. Government of India, Lucknow Road, Delhi, 110054, India.
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