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Friebe D, Sieland J, Both H, Giesche F, Haser C, Hülsdünker T, Pfab F, Vogt L, Banzer W. Validity of a motor-cognitive dual-task agility test in elite youth football players. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:1056-1066. [PMID: 38874591 PMCID: PMC11295090 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Agility, as the ability to react rapidly to unforeseen events, is an essential component of football performance. However, existing agility diagnostics often do not reflect the complex motor-cognitive interaction required on the field. Therefore, this study evaluates the criterion and ecological validity of a newly developed motor-cognitive dual-task agility approach in elite youth football players and compare it to a traditional reactive agility test. Twenty-one male youth elite football players (age:17.4 ±0 .6; BMI:23.2 ± 1.8) performed two agility tests (reactive agility, reactive agility with integrated multiple-object-tracking (Dual-Task Agility)) on the SKILLCOURT system. Performance was correlated to motor (sprint, jump), cognitive (executive functions, attention, reaction speed) and football specific tests (Loughborough soccer passing test (LSPT)) as well as indirect game metrics (coaches' rating, playing time). Reactive agility performance showed moderate correlations to attention and choice reaction times (r = 0.48-0.63), as well as to the LSPT (r = 0.51). The dual-task agility test revealed moderate relationships with attention and reaction speed (r = 0.47-0.58), executive functions (r = 0.45-0.63), as well as the game metrics (r = 0.51-0.61). Finally, the dual-task agility test significantly differentiated players based on their coaches' rating and playing time using a median split (p < 0.05; d = 0.8-1.28). Motor-cognitive agility performance in elite youth football players seems to be primarily determined by cognitive functions. The integration of multiple object tracking into reactive agility testing seems to be an ecologically valid approach for performance diagnostics in youth football.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Friebe
- Division of Preventive and Sports MedicineInstitute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Johanna Sieland
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AGFrankfurtGermany
| | - Hendrik Both
- Division of Preventive and Sports MedicineInstitute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Florian Giesche
- Division of Preventive and Sports MedicineInstitute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Christian Haser
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AGFrankfurtGermany
| | - Thorben Hülsdünker
- Department of Exercise and Sport ScienceLUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and SportsDifferdangeLuxembourg
- Luxembourg Health and Sport Science Research Institute (LHSSRI)DifferdangeLuxembourg
| | - Florian Pfab
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AGFrankfurtGermany
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise PhysiologyGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
| | - Winfried Banzer
- Division of Preventive and Sports MedicineInstitute of OccupationalSocial and Environmental MedicineGoethe University FrankfurtFrankfurtGermany
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt Soccer AGFrankfurtGermany
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Selmi O, Jelleli H, Bouali S, Aydi B, Hindawi O, Muscella A, Bouassida A, Weiss K, Knechtle B. The impact of verbal encouragement during the repeated agility speed training on internal intensity, mood state, and physical enjoyment in youth soccer players. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1180985. [PMID: 37809286 PMCID: PMC10551439 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1180985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Verbal encouragement (VE) can be used by coaches to boost morale and commitment during training exercises. This investigation aimed to study the impacts of VE given by coaches on the physiological aspects, players' internal intensity, mood, and perceived enjoyment of youth soccer players during repeated agility speed training (RAS). Methods A total of 17 male youth soccer players (mean ± SD; age: 13.8 ± 0.4 years; body mass: 59.1 ± 6.7 kg; height: 170.0 ± 6.2 cm; training experience: 5.1 ± 0.7 years) participated, in a randomized order, in two experimental training sessions that consisted of a RAS (i.e., the Illinois course) either with VE (RAS-E) or without VE (RAS-NE), with a 7-day interval between the testing sessions. Heart rate (HR) was registered throughout the exercise. The rating of perceived exertion, blood lactate concentration [La], and perceived enjoyment were measured after each training session. The mood state was recorded before and after each protocol. Results HR mean (Cohen's coefficient d = 0.45, small), %HRmax (d = 0.37, small), HR peak (d = 0.66, moderate), [La] (d = 0.56, small), and the PACES score (d = 2.8, very large) were higher in RAS-E compared to RAS-NE (all, P < 0.001). Compared to the RAS-E trial, the RAS-NE trial showed higher fatigue (P < 0.01), tension (P < 0.05), anger (0.05), total mood score (P < 0.001), and lower vigor (P < 0.001). Conclusion Coaches may use VE during RAS to improve psychophysiological responses, mood state, and perceived enjoyment in youth soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okba Selmi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Sportive Sciences, Health and Movement, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Hilmi Jelleli
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Sportive Sciences, Health and Movement, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Souheir Bouali
- Laboratory of Analysis and Expertise of Sports Performance, Institute of Science and Technology of Physical and Sports Activities, Abdelhamid Mehri, University Constantine, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Bilel Aydi
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Sportive Sciences, Health and Movement, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Omar Hindawi
- Department of Sports Rehabilitation, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Antonella Muscella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anissa Bouassida
- High Institute of Sports and Physical Education of Kef, University of Jendouba, El Kef, Tunisia
- Research Unit: Sportive Sciences, Health and Movement, El Kef, Tunisia
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Effects of Verbal Interactions between Students on Skill Development, Game Performance and Game Involvement in Soccer Learning. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su13010160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of verbal interaction between students on skill development and soccer game performance within a socio-constructivist perspective and a cooperative learning model in team-sport teaching. In addition, the usefulness of open verbalization was manifested as follows: (1) a social tool for both actors (teachers and students) to collect and manage reports on their thought processes; (2) a tool to stimulate reflection and critical reflection on performance to induce transformation during game action projects. Participants were 18 boys and 12 girls aged (15 ± 0.4 years) from a Tunisian school (ninth grade). They were placed in either the experimental group (with verbal interaction) or the comparison group (without verbal interaction) and then were tested before and after a 12-lesson soccer unit (approximately two hours/week). Skill competence was assessed using three tests: a 15 m ball dribbling test, the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT) and a shooting accuracy test. Game performance was measured using the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI) in which the outcome variables assessed included (a) decision-making (DM), (b) skill execution (SE), (c) support (S), (d) game performance (GP), and (e) game involvement (GI). While both groups showed significant improvements in their short-passing ability, no such improvements were found in dribbling and shooting. In contrast, only the verbal interaction group produced significant improvements in overall game performance. In conclusion, if the objectives of the physical education curriculum are to promote team-sport teaching methods and quality game play, and create a reflexive learner, verbal interaction may be an effective tool for developing tactical understanding through cooperative learning.
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Petrigna L, Karsten B, Marcolin G, Paoli A, D’Antona G, Palma A, Bianco A. A Review of Countermovement and Squat Jump Testing Methods in the Context of Public Health Examination in Adolescence: Reliability and Feasibility of Current Testing Procedures. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1384. [PMID: 31787902 PMCID: PMC6853898 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of a public health physical fitness (PF) examination in adolescence, a countermovement jump (CMJ) and a squat jump (SJ) are two vertical jump (VJ) tests widely used to evaluate lower limb muscle strength and power, respectively. The main criticism of both the CMJ and SJ test is the lack of test standardization. Therefore, the objectives of this review are: (a) to gather information about both jumps; (b) to investigate whether it is possible to identify common procedures referred to in the CMJ and SJ technical execution, and (c) to design standard operating procedures (SOPs) to promote CMJ and SJ standardization in an adolescent population aged 12-18 years. METHODS The review partially adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement (PRISMA). Due to growing attention in monitoring physical health through field tests in recent years, articles were collected using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from January 2009 to July 2019. Original articles in which CMJ or SJ were used to assess the muscular strength in adolescents were eligible for further analysis. Articles written in English was imposed as a limit. RESULTS A total of 117 studies met the inclusion criteria. The description of the CMJ and SJ test procedures was different within the literature, with discrepancies in the jump technique, number of jumps, and measurement devices used. CONCLUSIONS A lack of method standardization for both the CMJ and the SJ test was identified. Based on the literature, SOPs for both VJs were proposed. These are useful in the context of public health PF examination in adolescents, as they facilitate an unbiased comparison of jump performance data between published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Petrigna
- Ph.D. Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Bettina Karsten
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, LUNEX International University of Health, Exercise and Sports, Differdange, Luxembourg
| | - Giuseppe Marcolin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Paoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Palma
- Ph.D. Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Regional Sport School of CONI Sicilia, Italian National Olympic Committee, Sicilia, Italy
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Ph.D. Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Regional Sport School of CONI Sicilia, Italian National Olympic Committee, Sicilia, Italy
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di Cagno A, Battaglia C, Fiorilli G, Piazza M, Giombini A, Fagnani F, Borrione P, Calcagno G, Pigozzi F. Motor Learning as Young Gymnast's Talent Indicator. J Sports Sci Med 2014; 13:767-773. [PMID: 25435768 PMCID: PMC4234945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Talent identification plans are designed to select young athletes with the ability to achieve future success in sports. The aim of the study was to verify the predictive value of coordination and precision in skill acquisition during motor learning, as indicators of talent. One hundred gymnasts, both cadets (aged 11.5 ± 0.5 yr.) and juniors (aged 13.3 ± 0.5 years), competing at the national level, were enrolled in the study. The assessment of motor coordination involved three tests of the validated Hirtz's battery (1985), and motor skill learning involved four technical tests, specific of rhythmic gymnastics. All the tests were correlated with ranking and performance scores reached by each gymnast in the 2011, 2012, and 2013 National Championships. Coordination tests were significantly correlated to 2013 Championships scores (p < 0.01) and ranking (p < 0.05) of elite cadet athletes. Precision, in skill acquisition test results, was positively and significantly associated with scores in 2013 (adj. R(2) = 0.26, p < 0.01). Gymnasts with the best results in coordination and motor learning tests went on to achieve better competition results in three- year time. Key pointsIn talent identification and selection procedures it is better to include the evaluation of coordination and motor learning ability.Motor learning assessment concerns performance improvement and the ability to develop it, rather than evaluating the athlete's current performance.In this manner talent identification processes should be focused on the future performance capabilities of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra di Cagno
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Battaglia
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fiorilli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Marina Piazza
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Forensic Medicine, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Arrigo Giombini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Federica Fagnani
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Calcagno
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Molise , Campobasso, Italy
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, Italian University of Sport and Movement of Rome "Foro Italico" , Rome, Italy
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