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KEMENANG MERVEILLE, ESSOMBA RENE, NANFACK AUBIN, ENDJA PAULFERNAND, NKENFOU CELINENGUEFEU. Protection level of anti-hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin in a pediatric Cameroonian population. J Public Health Afr 2023; 14:2247. [PMID: 38204806 PMCID: PMC10774847 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2023.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite the availability for nearly twenty years of an effective vaccine, hepatitis B remains one of the most frequent viral diseases throughout the world. Mother-to-child transmission is one of the primary routes of transmission in children. To assess the vaccine response in children born to HBV infected mothers. HBsAg-positive consenting mothers registered in the antenatal care (ANC) service database of Centre Hospitalier Dominicain St-Martin de Porres, Yaounde were enrolled with their children. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected using a tested questionnaire. The 5 markers of hepatitis B were tested and the quantification of anti-HBsAg antibodies was done by indirect ELISA method. The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft excel and Epi-info softwares. Out of 5,996 women registered, 143 were identified as HBsAg positive (2.38% prevalence) and none was HBeAg positive. Of these 143 HBsAg positive women, 50 were enrolled in the study. Of the 50 positive mothers, 78 children were included with a mean age ± standard deviation of 2.33±2.86 years. No child was infected with HBV, but all have been exposed to the virus (HBeAb-positive). Overall 64 (82.05%) received at birth both anti-HBs immunoglobulin (HBIG) and a dose of vaccine, while 14 (17.95%) received only the birth dose of vaccine. 72 (92.31%) children received all three recommended doses of vaccine. Vaccine responders were 62.82% (above 10 IU/ml), while 37.18% of children were non-responders; representing a higher risk group if not boosted. The coverage of the anti-HBV vaccine in children in this study was 92.31%. The protection level of 62.82% is below the 95% recommended rate by WHO. The factors sustaining this suboptimal protection should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- MERVEILLE KEMENANG
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde
| | - RENE ESSOMBA
- School of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Central Africa, Yaounde
- National Laboratory of Public Health, Medical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Yaounde
| | - AUBIN NANFACK
- ‘Chantal Biya’ International Reference Centre, Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Yaounde
| | | | - CELINE NGUEFEU NKENFOU
- ‘Chantal Biya’ International Reference Centre, Laboratory of Immunology and Microbiology, Yaounde
- Higher Teachers Training College, Department of Biological Sciences, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Transcriptome Classification Reveals Molecular Subgroups in Patients with Hepatitis B Virus. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5543747. [PMID: 33859718 PMCID: PMC8028738 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5543747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) specifically infects hepatocytes, which can cause progressive liver fibrosis and a significantly increased risk of liver cancer. Multiple studies indicated host genetic, virological, and immunological factors could affect the HBV infection. However, the underlying mechanism involved in HBV infection remained unclear. Based on the analysis of gene expression data of 124 HBV patients (GEO accession: GSE84044), molecular subgroups of patients infected with hepatitis B virus were identified in this study, including C1, C2, and C3 groups. The age, fiber, degree of chemical and inflammation, and gene expression difference were also compared among the three sampling groups. Furthermore, the liver index was calculated using 93 liver-specific genes. The liver-specific gene expression in different molecular subgroups of HBV patients was thoroughly analyzed and then was compared with fibrosis and inflammation levels. Results showed that the C2 group was the youngest and the C3 group had the highest degree of fibrosis and inflammation. Enrichment analysis showed that metabolism-related pathways were mainly expressed in the C1 and C2 groups, and inflammation-related pathways and proteoglycans in cancer were highly expressed in the C1 and C3 groups. The liver index was higher in the C2 group than in the C1 and C3 groups, and it was the lowest in the C3 group. Macrophage M1/M2 and neutrophils were significantly different in the three groups. M1 was mainly abundant in the C3 group, and M2 and neutrophils were mainly abundant in the C2 group. This study provides novel information to understand the mechanisms of HBV infection in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients.
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Salama II, Sami SM, Elserougy SM, Emam HM, Salama SI, Elhariri HM, Hemeda SA, Hassanain AI, Abdel Mohsen AM, Fouad WA, El Etreby LA, Said ZN. Humoral Immune Memory to Hepatitis B Vaccine after Primary Vaccination of Children and Adolescents in Assiut, Egypt. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e175. [PMID: 33083033 PMCID: PMC7538637 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) seroprotection among vaccinated children in the Assiut governorate, Egypt, and assess a booster dose immune memory response among non-seroprotected children. Methods Using a multistage cluster sample, 566 children were recruited from three clusters: one urban and two rural. Children were aged from nine months to 16 years old. All participants received the full three doses of the compulsory HBV vaccine during infancy. Serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), total anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc) antibodies, and quantitative detection of anti-HBs were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Repeatedly positive samples for HBsAg/anti-HBc were submitted for quantitative HBV DNA detection using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Non-seroprotective participants (anti-HBs < 10 IU/L) were given a booster dose of HBV vaccine. Two weeks later, a blood sample was taken from each child to assess an anamnestic response. Results The seroprotection rate was 53.2%, and only two children had HBV breakthrough infection (0.4%) with positive serum anti-HBc and HBV DNA. Age was the only significant predictor for non-seroprotection with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 3.2, 9.4, and 9.9 among children aged 5-10, 11-15, and > 15 years, respectively, compared to younger children (p < 0.001). About 85% of non-seroprotected children developed an anamnestic response after receiving the booster dose, and 84.3% of responders had a good response (3 100 IU/L). Undetectable pre-booster titer was found to be the only risk factor for non-response to booster with OR = 3.2 (p < 0.010). About 95.7% of children who were not responding to booster dose developed immune response after receiving the three doses of HBV vaccine. Conclusions Older age of children was the only significant predictor for HBV non-seroprotection. High anamnestic response rate signifies the presence of immune memory with long-term protection despite the waning of anti-HBs over time. However, some children with pre-booster undetectable anti-HBs titers may be unable to develop anamnestic response, and a second vaccination series might be necessary for HBV protection for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia M Sami
- Child Health Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Safaa M Elserougy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M Emam
- Dermatology and Venereology, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hazem M Elhariri
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samia A Hemeda
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Aida M Abdel Mohsen
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Walaa A Fouad
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Lobna A El Etreby
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zeinab N Said
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine (for Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hiva S, Negar K, Mohammad-Reza P, Gholam-Reza G, Mohsen A, Ali-Asghar NG, Mohammed-Jafar S. High level of vaccination and protection against hepatitis B with low rate of HCV infection markers among hospital health care personnel in north of Iran: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:920. [PMID: 32532228 PMCID: PMC7291184 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09032-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND hepatitis B virus (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are among the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Health care personnel (HCP) are subjected to increased risk of these infections. Therefore, HBV vaccination and post-vaccination serologic testing (PVST) are recommended for them. Our objectives in this study were investigate how well the vaccination guidelines for hospital HCPs were implemented. Moreover, the prevalence rates of HBV and HCV infections were calculated. To determine the presence of immunological memory, vaccinated personnel negative to antibody against HB surface antigen with one dose of HB vaccine were boosted. METHODS From 1 July to 30 November 2017, a cross-sectional study among HCPs working in public hospitals were conducted. All HCPs from various professional categories potentially at risk of exposure to contaminated sources were included. The information was gathered via interview and self-administered questionnaire. The questions were focused on the demographic characteristics, HB vaccination and immunity status and time elapsed since initial vaccination series, and frequency of needelstick injuries during the past 12 months of their work. Moreover, the prevalence rate of HBV and HCV infections were calculated. To determine the presence of immunological memory, subjects negative to HBV seromarkers received a booster dose of the vaccine. RESULTS A total of 186 out of 766 participants were male and nurses comprised 71% of personnel. Although all HCP were vaccinated, 84% of them completed the course and less than 5% of them received PVST. According to the results, 0.78, 4.6, and 83% were serologically positive to HBV surface antigen, antibodies against HBV core, and S antigens, respectively. Approximately, 91% of seronegative participants responded to a booster dose and only 0.91% of the personnel was anti-HCV positive. CONCLUSION Most HCP received full HBV vaccination course. Although a minority did PVST, the HBV vaccine-induced long-term protection and HB vaccine booster were not required. Therefore, policies should be made to increase the rate PVST after immunization. According to the results, the HCV infection rate was low and thus pre-recruitment screening was not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffar Hiva
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khoshayand Negar
- Resident of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Teheran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Aarabi Mohsen
- Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Nadi Ghara Ali-Asghar
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saffar Mohammed-Jafar
- Research Center for Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Bu-Ali Sina Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Bolv, Sari, Iran
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Expression and detection of anti-HBs antibodies after hepatitis B virus infection or vaccination in the context of protective immunity. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2645-2658. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hepatitis B s-Antigen Seroconversion Rate After Primary Immunization Series with Newly Introduced Pentavalent Vaccine: A Report of Regional Study in Alborz Province, Iran, 2016. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.83565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Jouneghani AS, Chaleshtori MH, Khoshdel A, Kheiri S, Farrokhi E, Khalafian P, Aliyari Z. Evaluation of response to hepatitis B vaccine in Iranian 6-18-year-old students. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 22:116. [PMID: 29184574 PMCID: PMC5680656 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_204_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B is a dangerous disease with high morbidity and mortality rates all around the world. Vaccination is the most important way to its prevention and control. This cross-sectional study was carried out to study the levels of immunogenicity to hepatitis B vaccine in students. Materials and Methods: Six hundred and forty-four students aged 6–18 years including 316 girls and 328 boys were selected from the Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. Selected students had been received three doses of recombinant vaccine (0, 1, and 6 months). Blood samples were taken and the titers of hepatitis B surface antigen were studied. Results: From a total of 644 students, 396 (61.5%) had a titer lesser than 10 mIu/ml and 248 (38.5%) had a titer higher than 10 mIu/ml. Therefore, the level of respond to vaccine with 95% confidence was 38.5% (34.7%–42.4%). Levels of respond to vaccine were related to age, body mass index (BMI), and educational level and were not related to sex and habit of students. Conclusion: Reverse significant relation was seen between the respond to vaccine and age and BMI in a way which the titers of antibody were lower in students with higher age and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alizamen Salehifard Jouneghani
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | | | - Abolfazl Khoshdel
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Soleiman Kheiri
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Effat Farrokhi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Pooran Khalafian
- Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province Health Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Aliyari
- Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province Health Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Among People Attending Medical Diagnostic Laboratories in Neyshabur, Northeast of Iran, During Years 2011 to 2015. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.61633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies among children and adolescents vaccinated in infancy and effect of booster dose administered within a pilot study. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2890-2895. [PMID: 28903797 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817002126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We determined the prevalence of anti-hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs) among children and adolescents vaccinated for hepatitis B virus in infancy as part of the routine vaccination programme. A representative serum sample of the Israeli population age 0-19 was tested. In a separate pilot study, a booster dose of hepatitis B vaccine was administered to 31 candidates for national service, who were fully vaccinated in infancy and tested negative for hepatitis B surface antibodies at age 17-19 years and anti-HBs antibodies were assessed 8 weeks later. Of the 1273 samples tested, 631 (49·6%) were positive to anti-HBs antibodies. Seropositivity rates were 89·5% among infants aged 6-12 months and declined significantly with age to 20·7% at age 19 years. No differences in seropositivity rates were observed between Jews and Arabs, males and females and those born in Israel and in other countries. Seroconversion rate among the 31 individuals who received a booster dose was 90·3% (95% CI: 75·1-96·6%). We recommend a booster dose for healthcare personnel before starting to work at the health care facility.
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Hepatitis Awareness Bus: A Model for Finding Unknown Hepatitis B and C Infections. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2017. [DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.11719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
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Allain JP, Opare-Sem O. Screening and diagnosis of HBV in low-income and middle-income countries. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 13:643-653. [PMID: 27625189 DOI: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HBV testing and diagnosis of HBV-related liver disease in low-income and middle-income countries differs substantially from that in developed countries in terms of access to resources and expensive technologies requiring highly specialized staff. For identification and classification of HBV infection, genomic amplification methods to detect and quantify HBV DNA are often nonexistent or available only in central laboratories of major cities. When samples from peripheral locations do arrive, delays in receiving results generate loss to follow-up. Testing is often limited to measurement of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), alanine aminotransferase levels, aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) to determine indications for antiviral therapy (AVT). Utilization of AVT is limited by cost and availability, particularly when patients are not covered by health insurance. The natural history of HBV infection is influenced by genotypes B and C in East Asia, where decades of immune tolerance have led to mostly vertical transmission; in sub-Saharan Africa, where genotypes A1 and E predominate, infection is transmitted horizontally between young children, followed by a nonreplicative phase. In both regions, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are common and would be considerably ameliorated by AVT. Implementation of the HBV vaccine since the 1990s in Asia and 2000s in Africa has decreased the incidence of HBV, but vaccine failure and insufficiently effective prevention remain concerning issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Allain
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Science Village, Chesterford Research Park, Little Chesterford CB10 1XL, UK
| | - Ohene Opare-Sem
- Department of Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University Post Office, Kumasi, Ghana
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Khairkhah T, Shamsa A, Roohi A, Khoshnoodi J, Vand-Rajabpour F, Tabrizi M, Zarei S, Golsaz-Shirazi F, Shokri F. Analysis of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C Seromarkers Among Barbers in Tehran. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2016; 16:e39416. [PMID: 27822265 PMCID: PMC5090804 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.39416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are major health problem in the world. Hairdressers (barbers) are in continuous contact with scissors and blades, and are considered a high-risk group for these infections. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections in barbers in Tehran and to evaluate their attitudes and knowledge about the occupational risk of these infections. METHODS Six hundred eleven barbers were included in this study. A group of 556 bakers were also selected from the same regions, as a low-risk control group. Serum levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), HBsAg-specific antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B core antigen-specific antibody (HBcAb), and hepatitis C virus-specific (anti-HCV) antibody markers were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Participants were interviewed using a questionnaire consisting of four sections: demographic information, awareness, behavior, and personal attitudes. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the frequency of HBsAg between the two groups. However, the frequency of HCV Ab in barbers was significantly higher than that in bakers (P < 0.005). In addition, the frequency of HBsAb marker in barbers was significantly correlated with increased awareness (P < 0.05) and number of tattoos (P < 0.001). HBcAb marker was significantly correlated with age (P < 0.001) and duration of professional career (P < 0.005). With age, barbers' attitudes improved significantly (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Being a barber alone is not a potential risk factor for HBV infection, while HCV infection is still an occupational health hazards for barbers. We suggest more extensive case-control studies with regard to rates of hepatitis B and C markers among barbers in other Iranian cities to assess the incidence of hepatitis B and C infections among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Khairkhah
- East Health Center, Deputy of Health Affairs, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ayat Shamsa
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Azam Roohi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Jalal Khoshnoodi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Mina Tabrizi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeed Zarei
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Forough Golsaz-Shirazi
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fazel Shokri
- Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Fazel Shokri, Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122432020, Fax: +98-2122432021, E-mail:
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Pinto FPD, Ferreira OC, Olmedo DB, Precioso PM, Barquette FRS, Castilho MC, Silva SGC, Pôrto LC. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C markers in a population of an urban university in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: a cross-sectional study. Ann Hepatol 2016; 14:815-25. [PMID: 26436353 DOI: 10.5604/16652681.1171756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE Epidemics of hepatitis B and C are a public health burden, and their prevalence in Brazil varies among regions. We determined the prevalence of hepatitis markers in an urban university population in order to support the development of a comprehensive program for HBV immunization and HBV/HCV diagnosis. Students, employees, and visitors (n = 2,936, 31 years IQR 24.5-50, female = 69.0% and 81.1% with at least 12 years of education) were enrolled from May to November 2013. Antibodies against hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs), against hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were detected with enzyme immunoassays and anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) antibodies with a chemiluminescence immunoassay. The results were confirmed with polymerase chain reaction for HCV and nucleic acid amplification test for hepatitis B virus (HBV). RESULTS The overall prevalence of markers among the participants was 0.136% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.003-0.270) for HBsAg, 6.44% (95% CI: 5.55-7.33%) for anti-HBc, 50.8% (95% CI: 48.9-52.7%) for anti-HBs > 10 mIU/mL, and 0.44% (95% CI: 0.20-0.68) for anti-HCV. Almost 30.4% had anti-HBs titers > 100 mIU/mL. Participants with a detectable HCV viral load (n = 9) were infected with genotype 1a. CONCLUSIONS In an urban university population, in which 80% of participants had > 11 years of education, prevalence increased with age, and self-declared ethnicity for anti-HBc and with age, marital status and professional activity for anti-HCV antibodies. A periodical offer of HCV rapid testing should be implemented, and HBsAg rapid testing should be offered to individuals above 20 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Félix P D Pinto
- Master Program in Health, Laboratory Medicine and Forensic Technology
| | - Orlando C Ferreira
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Biology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia M Precioso
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Magda C Castilho
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suely G C Silva
- Master Program in Health, Laboratory Medicine and Forensic Technology
| | - Luís Cristóvão Pôrto
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Haghighat A, Moafi M, Sharifian J, Salehi H, Taleban R, Kalbasi N, Salehi M, Salehi MM, Salehi M. Effect of Tetanus-diphtheria Vaccine on Immune Response to Hepatitis B Vaccine in Low-responder Individuals. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:94. [PMID: 27563430 PMCID: PMC4977968 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.186586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Conventional hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination fails to achieve efficient protection in about 5–10% of the world population. Hence, different strategies have been adopted to ameliorate HBV antibody titers. This study aimed to evaluate the concurrent application of tetanus-diphtheria (Td) and HBV vaccination on hepatitis B surface (HBs) antibody titer in low-responder healthy individuals. Methods: This was a randomized clinical trial, which was implemented among 140 of medical staff working as health-care workers assumed as low-responders. The subjects were randomly allocated to either control or interventional groups. The control and interventional groups received HBV recombinant vaccine while the latter group was also vaccinated through Td. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was applied to measure HBs antibody (HBsAb) titers just before and 6 months after the last vaccination. All data were entered into SPSS software. Independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-square or Fisher's exact test were applied for data comparison. Results: Antibody titers of the subjects in the intervention and control groups soared from 49.08 ± 20.08 IU/L to 917.78 ± 204.80 IU/L and from 46.95 ± 18.55 to 586.81 ± 351.77 IU/L, respectively (both P < 0.001); nevertheless, by comparison with control group, variation of antibody titer in the interventional group was significantly higher (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Concurrent application of Td and HBV vaccine could effectively enhance protective levels of HBsAb titers in low-responder individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Haghighat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moafi
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Research Centre, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Jalil Sharifian
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Taleban
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nader Kalbasi
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University (Khorasgan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Salehi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Salehi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Prevalence of Hepatitis B and C in Male Prisoners in Iranian Prisons in 2012. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TRAVEL MEDICINE AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2015. [DOI: 10.20286/ijtmgh-0304112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Saffar H, Saffar MJ, Ajami A, Khalilian AR, Shams-Esfandabad K, Mirabi AM. Long-term T-cell-mediated immunologic memory to hepatitis B vaccine in young adults following neonatal vaccination. HEPATITIS MONTHLY 2014; 14:e22223. [PMID: 25368659 PMCID: PMC4214124 DOI: 10.5812/hepatmon.22223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term duration of cell-mediated immunity induced by neonatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination is unknown. OBJECTIVES Study was designed to determine the cellular immunity memory status among young adults twenty years after infantile HB immunization. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study subjects were party selected from a recent seroepidemiologic study in young adults, who had been vaccinated against HBV twenty years earlier. Just before and ten to 14 days after one dose of HBV vaccine booster injection, blood samples were obtained and sera concentration of cytokines (interleukin 2 and interferon) was measured. More than twofold increase after boosting was considered positive immune response. With regard to the serum level of antibody against HBV surface antigen (HBsAb) before boosting, the subjects were divided into four groups as follow: GI, HBsAb titer < 2; GII, titer 2 to 9.9; GIII, titer 10 to 99; and GIV, titers ≥ 100 IU/L. Mean concentration level (MCL) of each cytokines for each group at preboosting and postboosting and the proportion of responders in each groups were determined. Paired descriptive statistical analysis method (t test) was used to compare the MCL of each cytokines in each and between groups and the frequency of responders in each group. RESULTS Before boosting, among 176 boosted individuals, 75 (42.6%) had HBsAb 10 IU/L and were considered seroprotected. Among 101 serosusceptible persons, more than 80% of boosted individuals showed more than twofold increase in cytokines concentration, which meant positive HBsAg-specific cell-mediated immunity. MCL of both cytokines after boosting in GIV were decreased more than twofold, possibly because of recent natural boosting. CONCLUSIONS Findings showed that neonatal HBV immunization was efficacious in inducing long-term immunity and cell-mediated immune memory for up to two decades, and booster vaccination are not required. Further monitoring of vaccinated subjects for HBV infections are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiva Saffar
- Department of Pathology, Shariaty Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Mohammed Jafar Saffar
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Ward, Boali-Sina Hospital and Antimicrobial Resistant Nosocomial Infection Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Abolghasem Ajami
- Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Ali Reza Khalilian
- Department of Biostatistics, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
| | - Kian Shams-Esfandabad
- Department of Pathology, Shariaty Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Araz Mohammad Mirabi
- Molecular and Cell-Biology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Araz Mohammad Mirabi, Department of Immunology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IR Iran. Tel: +98-1133344506, Fax: +98-1133344506, E-mail:
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