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Khaksari M, Pourali M, Rezaei Talabon S, Gholizadeh Navashenaq J, Bashiri H, Amiresmaili S. Protective effects of 17-β-estradiol on liver injury: The role of TLR4 signaling pathway and inflammatory response. Cytokine 2024; 181:156686. [PMID: 38991382 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Liver injury, a major global health issue, stems from various causes such as alcohol consumption, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hepatitis, and certain medications. The liver's unique susceptibility to ischemia and hypoxia, coupled with the critical role of the gut-liver axis in inflammation, underscores the need for effective therapeutic interventions. The study highlights E2's interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) and its modulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway as key mechanisms in mitigating liver injury. Activation of TLR4 leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, exacerbating liver inflammation and injury. E2 down-regulates TLR4 expression, reduces oxidative stress, and inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby protecting the liver. Both classic (ERα and ERβ) and non-classic [G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER)] receptors are influenced by E2. ERα is particularly crucial for liver regeneration, preventing liver failure by promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Furthermore, E2 exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects by inhibiting cytokines such as IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-17, and by reducing lipid peroxidation and free radical damage. The article calls for further clinical research to validate these findings and to develop estrogen-based treatments for liver injuries. Overall, the research emphasizes the significant potential of E2 as a therapeutic agent for liver injuries. It advocates for extensive clinical studies to validate E2 hepatoprotective properties and develop effective estrogen-based treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khaksari
- Neuroscince and Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Centers, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Hamideh Bashiri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Ira
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Ren J, Wang YM, Zhang SB, Lv YY, Zhai HC, Wei S, Ma PA, Hu YS. Terpinen-4-ol from tea tree oil prevents Aspergillus flavus growth in postharvest wheat grain. Int J Food Microbiol 2024; 418:110741. [PMID: 38733636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (PVOCs) have gained increasing attention for their role in preventing fungal spoilage and insect contamination in postharvest agro-products owing to their effectiveness and sustainability. In this study, the essential oil was extracted from fresh M. alternifolia (tea tree) leaves, and the fumigation vapor of tea tree oil (TTO) completely inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus on agar plates at a concentration of 1.714 μL/mL. Terpinen-4-ol was identified as the major component (40.76 %) of TTO volatiles analyzed using headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Terpinen-4-ol vapor completely inhibited the A. flavus growth on agar plates and 20 % moisture wheat grain at 0.556 and 1.579 μL/mL, respectively, indicating that terpinen-4-ol serves as the main antifungal constituent in TTO volatiles. The minimum inhibitory concentration of terpinen-4-ol in liquid-contact culture was 1.6 μL/mL. Terpinen-4-ol treatment caused depressed, wrinkled, and punctured mycelial morphology and destroyed the plasma membrane integrity of A. flavus. Metabolomics analysis identified significant alterations in 93 metabolites, with 79 upregulated and 14 downregulated in A. flavus mycelia exposed to 1.6 μL/mL terpinen-4-ol for 6 h, involved in multiple cellular processes including cell membrane permeability and integrity, the ABC transport system, pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Biochemical analysis and 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining showed that terpinen-4-ol induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in A. flavus mycelia. This study provides new insights into the antifungal effects of the main TTO volatile compounds terpinen-4-ol on the growth of A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ren
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ming Wang
- School of International Education, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai-Bing Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang-Yong Lv
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan-Chen Zhai
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Wei
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping-An Ma
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Sen Hu
- School of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, People's Republic of China
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Ioniuc I, Lupu A, Tarnita I, Mastaleru A, Trandafir LM, Lupu VV, Starcea IM, Alecsa M, Morariu ID, Salaru DL, Azoicai A. Insights into the Management of Chronic Hepatitis in Children-From Oxidative Stress to Antioxidant Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3908. [PMID: 38612717 PMCID: PMC11011982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has generated awareness of the existence of various pathophysiological pathways that contribute to the development of chronic diseases; thus, pro-oxidative factors have been accepted as significant contributors to the emergence of a wide range of diseases, from inflammatory to malignant. Redox homeostasis is especially crucial in liver pathology, as disturbances at this level have been linked to a variety of chronic diseases. Hepatitis is an umbrella term used to describe liver inflammation, which is the foundation of this disease regardless of its cause. Chronic hepatitis produces both oxidative stress generated by hepatocyte inflammation and viral inoculation. The majority of hepatitis in children is caused by a virus, and current studies reveal that 60-80% of cases become chronic, with many young patients still at risk of advancing liver damage. This review intends to emphasize the relevance of understanding these pathological redox pathways, as well as the need to update therapeutic strategies in chronic liver pathology, considering the beneficial effects of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Ioniuc
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Irina Tarnita
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandra Mastaleru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Iuliana Magdalena Starcea
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Mirabela Alecsa
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
| | - Ionela Daniela Morariu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Delia Lidia Salaru
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.M.); (D.L.S.)
| | - Alice Azoicai
- Department of Mother and Child, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.I.); (I.T.); (L.M.T.); (I.M.S.); (M.A.); (A.A.)
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Di Giacomo S, Di Sotto A, Percaccio E, Scuotto E, Battistelli C, Mazzanti G, Menniti-Ippolito F, Ippoliti I. Interaction of Garcinia cambogia (Gaertn.) Desr. and Drugs as a Possible Mechanism of Liver Injury: The Case of Montelukast. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1771. [PMID: 37760074 PMCID: PMC10525400 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12091771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity prevalence has increased worldwide. Apart from conventional approaches, people also resort to botanical supplements for reducing body weight, although several adverse events have been associated with these products. In this context, the present study aimed at evaluating the toxicity of Garcinia cambogia-based products and shedding light on the mechanisms involved. The suspected hepatotoxic reactions related to G. cambogia-containing products collected within the Italian Phytovigilance System (IPS) were examined. Then, an in vitro study was performed to evaluate the possible mechanisms responsible for the liver toxicity, focusing on the modulation of oxidative stress and Nrf2 expression. From March 2002 to March 2022, the IPS collected eight reports of hepatic adverse reactions related to G. cambogia, which exclusively involved women and were mostly severe. The causality assessment was probable in three cases, while it was possible in five. In the in vitro experiments, a low cytotoxicity of G. cambogia was observed. However, its combination with montelukast greatly reduced cell viability, increased the intracellular ROS levels, and affected the cytoplasmic Nrf2 expression, thus suggesting an impairment of the antioxidant and cytoprotective defenses. Overall, our results support the safety concerns about G. cambogia-containing supplements and shed light on the possible mechanisms underpinning its hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Erica Scuotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Cecilia Battistelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (E.P.); (E.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesca Menniti-Ippolito
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.-I.); (I.I.)
| | - Ilaria Ippoliti
- National Centre for Drug Research and Evaluation, National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.M.-I.); (I.I.)
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Yan R, Ren J, Wen J, Cao Z, Wu D, Qin M, Xu D, Castillo R, Li F, Wang F, Gan Z, Liu C, Wei P, Lu Y. Enzyme Therapeutic for Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury in Organ Transplantation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2105670. [PMID: 34617335 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) remains as a critical challenge for organ transplantation. Herein, an enzyme therapeutic based on superoxide dismutase and catalase for effective mitigation of IRI and pathogen-induced liver injury is reported, providing a therapeutic for organ transplantation and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Zheng Cao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Meng Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Duo Xu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Roxanne Castillo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Feifei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhihua Gan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chaoyong Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yunfeng Lu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Bezerra DLC, Mendes PMV, Melo SRDS, Dos Santos LR, Santos RDO, Vieira SC, Henriques GS, Freitas BDJESDA, Marreiro DDN. Hypomagnesemia and Its Relationship with Oxidative Stress Markers in Women with Breast Cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:4466-4474. [PMID: 33443661 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02579-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reduced serum magnesium concentrations in women with breast cancer compromises one of the antioxidant defense system involved in the carcinogenesis process. To evaluate parameters of magnesium, the enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, and its relation with oxidative stress markers in women with breast cancer. A case-control study was conducted, involving 60 women in the age range between 29 and 65 years, divided into two groups: women with breast cancer (n = 30) and women without breast cancer (n = 30). Plasma; ionized, erythrocytic, and urinary magnesium intake; plasma concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were evaluated. The mean value of the amount of dietary magnesium was below the recommended level in both groups studied, with no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Plasma, ionized, and erythrocyte magnesium concentrations of women with breast cancer were reduced in relation to the control group (p < 0.0001) and inadequate according to the reference values. Urinary excretion was high, with a significant difference between groups (p < 0.0001). The mean concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances was high in the study participants, with no significant statistical difference between the groups (p > 0.05). The mean values of superoxide dismutase enzyme activity were adequate, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p > 0.05). Women with breast cancer have impaired magnesium homeostasis, characterized by its reduction in diet, plasma, and erythrocytes and its increase in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sabas Carlos Vieira
- Department of Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Betania de Jesus E Silva de Almendra Freitas
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, CEP, Teresina, PI, 64048-320, Brazil
| | - Dilina do Nascimento Marreiro
- Department of Nutrition, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Piauí, Rua Hugo Napoleão, 665, Ed. Palazzo Reale, Apto 2001, Jockey, CEP, Teresina, PI, 64048-320, Brazil.
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Abdel-Hamid NM, Abd Allah SG, Hassan MK, Ahmed AAM, Anber NH, Adel Faried I. Possible Protective Potency of Argun Nut ( Medemia argun - An Ancient Egyptian Palm) against Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:527-538. [PMID: 33570439 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1883683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Medemia argun (MA) fruits have been found to possess proanthocyanidins (PACs), having antioxidant activity. Methods: Intraperitoneal (IP) diethyl nitrosamine (DENA; 200 mg/kg, once) and carbon tetra chloride (CCl4, 3 ml/kg/week, subcutaneously, for 6 weeks) induced HCC in rats. Animals groups: Group I; received vehicle (control). Group II; received MA seed extract, 100 mg/kg (twice/week) for 12 weeks, IP. Group III; received carcinogenic agents only. Group IV; received MA for two weeks before administration of DENA/CCl4 till the end of the experiment. The total period of the experiment was three months. Results: DENA and CCl4 induced HCC, elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), liver size, weight, tissue lymphocytic infiltration, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, collagen fiber and polysaccharide deposition, cellular proliferation, excessive pro-apoptotic caspase-3 accumulation, disrupted apoptosis. MA prior to DENA/CCl4, significantly protected liver against cancer progression, indicated by serum enzymes, antioxidant markers(glutathione, nitric oxide, and depressed malondialdehyde contents) in the MA-pretreated group, compared to the HCC one, without apparent useful action on superoxide dismutase activity, enhanced apoptosis in liver, through increased casapase-3 expression. The HCC group showed decreased antioxidant defense and BAX/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusions: This study assumes that MA has a chemo-preventive effect against hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Mohie Abdel-Hamid
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Sara Gamal Abd Allah
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K Hassan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Fuad, Egypt
| | - Amal A M Ahmed
- Department of Cytology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Nahla H Anber
- Fellow of Biochemistry in the Emergency Hospital, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Oxidative stress and ER stress may contribute to drug-induced hepatitis in tuberculous meningitis. J Neurol Sci 2020; 414:116825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Hepatoprotective effect of ultrasonicated ginseng berry extract on a rat mild bile duct ligation model. J Ginseng Res 2019; 43:606-617. [PMID: 31695567 PMCID: PMC6823758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Panax ginseng berry extract (GBE) is well known to have an antidiabetic effect. The aim of this study is to evaluate and investigate the protective effect of ultrasonication-processed P. ginseng berry extract (UGBE) compared with GBE on liver fibrosis induced by mild bile duct ligation (MBDL) model in rats. After ultrasonication process, the composition ratio of ginsenoside in GBE was changed. The component ratio of ginsenosides Rh1, Rh4, Rg2, Rg3, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 in the extract was elevated. Methods In this study, the protective effect of the newly developed UGBE was evaluated on hepatotoxicity and neuronal damage in MBDL model. Silymarin (150 mg/kg) was used for positive control. UGBE (100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg), GBE (250 mg/kg), and silymarin (150 mg/kg) were orally administered for 6 weeks after MBDL surgery. Results The MBDL surgery induced severe hepatotoxicity that leads to liver inflammation in rats. Also, the serum ammonia level was increased by MBDL surgery. However, the liver dysfunction of MBDL surgery–operated rats was attenuated by UGBE treatment via myeloid differentiation factor 88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathways. Conclusion UGBE has a protective effect on liver fibrosis induced by MBDL in rats through inhibition of the TLR4 signaling pathway in liver.
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Flaviviridae Viruses and Oxidative Stress: Implications for Viral Pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1409582. [PMID: 31531178 PMCID: PMC6720866 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1409582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is induced once the balance of generation and neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is broken in the cell, and it plays crucial roles in a variety of natural and diseased processes. Infections of Flaviviridae viruses trigger oxidative stress, which affects both the cellular metabolism and the life cycle of the viruses. Oxidative stress associated with specific viral proteins, experimental culture systems, and patient infections, as well as its correlations with the viral pathogenesis attracts much research attention. In this review, we primarily focus on hepatitis C virus (HCV), dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), and tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) as representatives of Flaviviridae viruses and we summarize the mechanisms involved in the relevance of oxidative stress for virus-associated pathogenesis. We discuss the current understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of oxidative stress induced by Flaviviridae viruses and highlight the relevance of autophagy and DNA damage in the life cycle of viruses. Understanding the crosstalk between viral infection and oxidative stress-induced molecular events may offer new avenues for antiviral therapeutics.
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Mi XJ, Hou JG, Jiang S, Liu Z, Tang S, Liu XX, Wang YP, Chen C, Wang Z, Li W. Maltol Mitigates Thioacetamide-induced Liver Fibrosis through TGF-β1-mediated Activation of PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:1392-1401. [PMID: 30644744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b05943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study has confirmed that maltol can attenuate alcohol-induced acute hepatic damage and prevent oxidative stress in mice. Therefore, maltol might have the capacity to improve thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The purpose of this work was to explore the antifibrotic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of maltol for TAA-treated mice. Progressive liver fibrosis was established with a dose-escalating protocol in which the mice received TAA intraperitoneal three times a week for a total duration of 9 weeks. The injection doses of TAA were 50 mg/kg for the first week, 100 mg/kg for the second and third weeks, and 150 mg/kg for the rest of the injections. Maltol with doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg was given by gavage after 4 weeks of intraperitoneal injection of TAA, respectively, once daily for 5 weeks. Results indicated that TAA intraperitoneal injection significantly increased serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (52.93 ± 13.21 U/L vs 10.22 ± 3.36 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (67.58 ± 25.84 U/L vs 39.34 ± 3.89 U/L); these elevations were significantly diminished by pretreatment with maltol. Additionally, maltol ameliorated TAA-induced oxidative stress with attenuation in MDA ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) content; evident elevation in the GSH levels, GSH/GSSG ratio ( p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) ( p < 0.01); and restored liver histology accompanied by a decrease of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Furthermore, maltol significantly suppressed the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression and the PI3K/Akt pathway. This study suggested that maltol alleviated experimental liver fibrosis by suppressing the activation of HSCs and inducing apoptosis of activated HSCs through TGF-β1-mediated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These findings further clearly suggested that maltol is a potent therapeutic candidate for the alleviation of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jie Mi
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Shuang Jiang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Zhi Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Shan Tang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Xiang-Xiang Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Ying-Ping Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland Brain Institute , The University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun 130118 , China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development , Changchun 130118 , China
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12
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Zahedi-Amiri Z, Taravati A, Hejazian LB. Protective Effect of Rosa damascena Against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Oxidative Stress. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 187:120-127. [PMID: 29704206 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1348-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aluminum is considered an essential element endowed with toxicity potentials in human and animal. Thus, intoxication with aluminum can lead to oxidative stress, which is associated with oxidative damage to various macromolecules. Moreover, antioxidants from natural sources can play an important role in human health. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of Rosa damascena extract against aluminum-induced oxidative stress. In this study, 60 male rats were randomly divided into six groups and then they were given daily aluminum chloride and Rosa damascena extract. After 8 weeks of treatment, the levels of total antioxidant and malondialdehyde, as well as antioxidant enzymes including catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and myeloperoxidase, were measured in all experimental groups in this study. A significant increase was found in the total antioxidant level in the rats treated with aluminum, Rosa damascena extract, and aluminum plus Rosa damascena extract compared with those in the control group. Also, malondialdehyde levels were not significantly different in all the studied groups. Glutathione S-transferase activity levels in rats receiving the Rosa damascena extract as well as rats taking aluminum with Rosa damascena extract increased significantly compared with the ones in the control group. Catalase activity in the aluminum-treated group also increased significantly compared with the rates in the control group (31.34 ± 4.50 U/gHb vs. 14.04 ± 6.17 U/gHb, p = 0.014). Furthermore, myeloperoxidase activity in the aluminum-treated group increased significantly compared with the control group (49.47 ± 5.12 U/L vs. 25.28 ± 2.18 U/L, p < 0.001). The Rosa damascena extract could improve antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative conditions in rats receiving aluminum chloride as evidenced by assays of the ferric reducing ability of plasma and activity of antioxidant enzymes. According to the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the Rosa damascena extract with its high antioxidant content is able to exert a protective effect against aluminum-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Zahedi-Amiri
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran
| | - Ali Taravati
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 47416-95447, Iran.
| | - Leila Beigom Hejazian
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Meng Z, Dong Y, Gao H, Yao D, Gong Y, Meng Q, Zheng T, Cui X, Su X, Tian Y. The effects of ω-3 fish oil emulsion-based parenteral nutrition plus combination treatment for acute paraquat poisoning. J Int Med Res 2018; 47:600-614. [PMID: 30392424 PMCID: PMC6381463 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518806110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of parenteral nutrition (PN) including ω-3 fish-oil emulsion on nutritional state, inflammatory response, and prognosis in patients with acute paraquat poisoning. Methods Patients randomized to receive medium chain triglycerides (MCT)/long chain triglycerides (LCT)-based PN (control group) or MCT/LCT-based PN containing ω-3 fish-oil emulsion (intervention group) were compared for 90-day survival and short-term treatment efficacy. Results Tumour necrosis factor-α levels were significantly lower in the intervention group (n = 101) versus controls (n = 73) on treatment days 4 and 7. Intervention group C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly increased on day 4, decreased to baseline (day 1) levels on day 7, and were significantly lower than baseline on day 10. Control group CRP levels were significantly increased on days 4 and 7 versus baseline, and returned to baseline levels on day 10. On day 7, retinol binding protein had recovered to baseline levels in the intervention group only. Intervention group mortality rate (36.6%) was significantly lower than controls (57.5%). ω-3 fish-oil PN was associated with reduced risk of death (hazard ratio 0.52; 95% confidence interval 0.33, 0.82). Conclusion In patients with acute paraquat poisoning, MCT/LCT with ω-3 fish-oil emulsion PN plus combination treatment advantageously attenuated the inflammatory response, modified the nutritional state, and was associated with significantly improved 90-day survival versus treatment without ω-3 fish oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Meng
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yanling Dong
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hengbo Gao
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Dongqi Yao
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Gong
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qingbing Meng
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Tuokang Zheng
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaolei Cui
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoyun Su
- 2 Division of Health Care, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yingping Tian
- 1 Emergency Department, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Xinhua District, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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Wang W, Zhang Y, Li H, Zhao Y, Cai E, Zhu H, Li P, Liu J. Protective Effects of Sesquiterpenoids from the Root of Panax ginseng on Fulminant Liver Injury Induced by Lipopolysaccharide/d-Galactosamine. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:7758-7763. [PMID: 29974747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is reported that sesquiterpenoids from Panax ginseng (SPG) possess various pharmacological activities, for example, antidepressant, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activities. The purpose of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective effects of SPG (2.5 and 10 mg/kg, i.g.) on fulminant liver injury induced by d-galactosamine (d-GalN) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and discuss its mechanisms of action. After 24 h of d-GalN (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and LPS (25 μg/kg, i.p.) exposure, the serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level, hepatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH), and hepatic tissue histology were measured. Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Moreover, the nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), sirtuin type 1 (Sirt 1), and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were determined by western blotting. The results indicated that SPG evidently restrained the increase of serum ALT and AST levels induced by d-GalN/LPS. SPG obviously downregulated TNF-α and IL-1β levels and their mRNA expression in liver. In addition, d-GalN/LPS injection induced severe oxidative stress in liver by boosting the MDA level as well as decreasing CAT, GSH, and SOD capacities, and SPG reversed these changes. Meanwhile, SPG inhibited NF-κB activation induced by d-GalN/LPS and upregulated Sirt 1, Nrf2, and HO-1 expression levels. Therefore, SPG might protect against the fulminant liver injury induced by d-GalN/LPS via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. The protective effect of SPG on fulminant liver injury induced by d-GalN/LPS might be mediated by the Sirt 1/Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway. All of these results implied that SPG might be a promising food additive and therapeutic agent for fulminant liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanguo Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology , Changchun Shuangyang District Hospital , Changchun , Jilin 130600 , People's Republic of China
| | - Haijun Li
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Enbo Cai
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials , Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun , Jilin 130118 , People's Republic of China
| | - Pingya Li
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Jilin University , Changchun , Jilin 130021 , People's Republic of China
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Azari A, Shokrzadeh M, Zamani E, Amani N, Shaki F. Cerium oxide nanoparticles protects against acrylamide induced toxicity in HepG2 cells through modulation of oxidative stress. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:54-59. [PMID: 29871546 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1477793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) is a toxic chemical compound found in cooked foods. Considerable evidences suggest that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are contributed to AA toxicity. Ceric oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (nano-ceria) have the potential to be developed as a therapeutic for oxidative stress insults due to their catalytic antioxidant properties. In this study we investigated, whether nano-ceria exerted a protective effect against AA-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage. HepG2 human cancer cell lines were exposed to nano-ceria (50, 100, and 200 µM) and after 30 min, AA in the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) concentration (200 µM) was added to the cells. Twenty four hours later, cellular viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation (LPO), and cellular levels of glutathione (GSH) were assayed. AA decreased cell viability and pretreatment with nano-ceria significantly decreased AA-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, nano-ceria alleviated AA-induced ROS generation and LPO and depressed GSH level. Our results suggested that nano-ceria prevented cellular and oxidative damage induced by AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aala Azari
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran.,b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran.,b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Ehsan Zamani
- c Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Guilan University of Medical Sciences , Rasht , Iran
| | - Nahid Amani
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran.,b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
| | - Fatemeh Shaki
- a Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran.,b Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences , Sari , Iran
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Antioxidant Activity of Zein Hydrolysates from Zea Species and Their Cytotoxic Effects in a Hepatic Cell Culture. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020312. [PMID: 29393865 PMCID: PMC6017744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, food proteins with bioactivity have been studied for cancer treatment. Zein peptides have shown an important set of bioactivities. This work compares the cytotoxic activity of zein hydrolyzed, extracted from four Zea species: teosinte, native, hybrid, and transgenic (Teo, Nat, Hyb, and HT) in a hepatic cell culture. Zein fraction was extracted, quantified, and hydrolyzed. Antioxidant capacity and cytotoxicity assays were performed on HepG2 cells. The levels of expression of caspase 3, 8, and 9 were evaluated in zein-treated cell cultures. Zea parviglumis showed the highest zein content (46.0 mg/g) and antioxidant activity (673.40 TE/g) out of all native zeins. Peptides from Hyb and HT showed high antioxidant activity compared to their native counterparts (1055.45 and 724.32 TE/g, respectively). Cytotoxic activity was observed in the cell culture using peptides of the four Zea species; Teo and Nat (IC50: 1781.63 and 1546.23 ng/mL) had no significant difference between them but showed more cytotoxic activity than Hyb and HT (IC50: 1252.25 and 1155.56 ng/mL). Increased expression of caspase 3 was observed in the peptide-treated HepG2 cells (at least two-fold more with respect to the control sample). These data indicate the potential for zein peptides to prevent or treat cancer, possibly by apoptosis induction.
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Alqasim AA, Noureldin EEM, Hammadi SH, Esheba GE. Effect of melatonin versus vitamin D as antioxidant and Hepatoprotective agents in STZ-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2017; 16:41. [PMID: 29021975 PMCID: PMC5622449 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0322-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious chronic disease, with multiple complications including hepatopathy associated with imbalance of the oxidative status. The purpose of this study is to observe possible protective effects of vitamin-D and melatonin on glucose profile, antioxidant-oxidant status, lipid peroxidation, and histopathological protection of the liver in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Eighty three male albino rats were divided into nine groups as follows: G1 (n = 10) Normal control rats; G2 (n = 8) were normal rats treated with melatonin only; G3 (n = 10) were normal rats treated with vitamin D only; G4 (n = 9) were diabetic rats, which received no medications; G5 (n = 8) were diabetic rat treated with insulin only; G6 (n = 10) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin only; G7 (n = 9) were diabetic rats treated with melatonin and insulin; G8 (n = 9) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D only; G9 (n = 10) were diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and insulin. Two months post treatment, blood was collected to measure: Fasting blood sugar (FBS), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fructosamine (FA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdahyde (MDA). livers were isolated for histopathological study. Results As compared to normal rats, our results demonstrate that glucose, fructosamine and HbA1c levels is increased in diabetic groups and declined to lesser levels in treated groups. TAC level of diabetic rats is not significantly changed. Vitamin D administration significantly increased TAC while it is not changed with melatonin either in treated or non-treated groups. The liver of diabetic rats shows only mild focal microvesicular fatty degeneration. The liver of diabetic rats treated with insulin shows degeneration of cell edema in the stroma. The liver of diabetic rats treated with melatonin with or without insulin, exhibited marked improvement. The liver of diabetic rats treated with vitamin D with or without insulin, shows degeneration of cells and edema in the stroma. Conclusion Our results demonstrated the beneficial antioxidant effect of vitamin D administration to normal and diabetic rats as compared to melatonin. Nevertheless, melatonin still shows more therapeutic effect on liver cell injury induced by induction of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmonim A Alqasim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam Eldin M Noureldin
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami H Hammadi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada E Esheba
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Umm Alqura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Protective effect of ultrasonication-processed ginseng berry extract on the D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury model in rats. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:540-548. [PMID: 30337815 PMCID: PMC6190499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hepatic failure is a life-threatening critical condition associated with rapid deterioration of liver function and liver transplantation. Several studies have shown that Panax ginseng Mayer has antidiabetic and hepatoprotective effects. However, the hepatoprotective effect of ginseng berry is still unveiled. In this study, we evaluated the hepatoprotective effects of ultrasonication-processed ginseng berry extract (UGBE) on acute hepatic failure model in rats. Methods Ginseng berry extract (GBE) was ultrasonically processed. The GBE, silymarin, and UGBE were orally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 wk. Twenty-four h after the last administration, rats were challenged with D-galactosamine (D-GalN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results After ultrasonication, the component ratio of ginsenosides Rg2, Rg3, Rh1, Rh4, Rk1, Rk3, and F4 in GBE had been elevated. Administration of UGBE significantly increased the survival rate of D-GalN/LPS-challenged rats. Pretreatment with UGBE significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and total bilirubin levels in D-GalN/LPS-challenged rats in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of enzymatic markers for oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione) were increased by UGBE treatment in a dose-dependent manner. Tumor necrosis factor alphalevel, inducible nitric oxide synthase activities, and nitric oxide productions were reduced by UGBE treatment. In addition, hemeoxygenase-1 levels in liver were also significantly increased in the UGBE-treated group. The protein expression of toll-like receptor 4 was decreased by UGBE administration. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results also supported the results of this study showing normal appearance of liver histopathology in the UGBE-treated group. Conclusion UGBE showed a great hepatoprotective effect on D-GalN/LPS-challenged rats via the toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway.
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Saidi Merzouk A, Hafida M, Medjdoub A, Loukidi B, Cherrak S, Merzouk SA, Elhabiri M. Alterations of hepatocyte function with free radical generators and reparation or prevention with coffee polyphenols. Free Radic Res 2017; 51:294-305. [PMID: 28301981 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1307979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases are linked in the majority of cases to oxidative stress that antioxidants could neutralize with reducing liver injury. Chlorogenic acid, a coffee polyphenol, possesses antioxidant prosperities. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro preventive and corrective effects of cholorogenic acid in hepatocyte toxicity induced by free radicals. Hepatocytes were isolated from adult male Wistar rats. To determine corrective effects and reparation, cells were first exposed to two free radical generators (hydrogen peroxide/iron sulfate for hydroxyl radical formation, and phenazine methosulfate/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide for superoxide anion formation) for 12H and thereafter treated by chlorogenic acid (1 and 10 μM final concentration) for another 12H. To show preventive effects, cells were pretreated by chlorogenic acid and thereafter exposed to free radical generators. Hepatocyte proliferation, glucose uptake, ATP contents, membrane fluidity and integrity, and intracellular redox status were investigated after 24H culture. The results showed that chlorogenic acid reversed the decrease in cell proliferation, glucose uptake and ATP levels, the increased LDH release and the reduced membrane fluidity and restored the oxidant/antioxidant status under oxidative stress. When pre-treated with chlorogenic acid, hepatocytes became very resistant to oxidative conditions and cellular homeostasis was maintained. In conclusion, chlorogenic acid displayed not only corrective but also preventive effects in hepatocytes exposed to oxidative stress and could be beneficial in patients with or at risk of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Saidi Merzouk
- a Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences , Earth and Universe, University ABOU-BEKR BELKAÏD , Tlemcen , Algeria
| | - Merzouk Hafida
- a Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences , Earth and Universe, University ABOU-BEKR BELKAÏD , Tlemcen , Algeria
| | - Amel Medjdoub
- a Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences , Earth and Universe, University ABOU-BEKR BELKAÏD , Tlemcen , Algeria
| | - Bouchra Loukidi
- a Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences , Earth and Universe, University ABOU-BEKR BELKAÏD , Tlemcen , Algeria
| | - Sabri Cherrak
- a Laboratory of Physiology, Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences , Earth and Universe, University ABOU-BEKR BELKAÏD , Tlemcen , Algeria
| | - Sid Ahmed Merzouk
- b Department of Technical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering , University ABOU-BEKR BELKAÏD , Tlemcen , Algeria
| | - Mourad Elhabiri
- c Laboratory of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry , UMR 7509 CNRS - University of Strasbourg, ECPM , Strasbourg , Cedex 2 , France
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Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis develops or progresses in 25 % of patients with autoimmune hepatitis despite corticosteroid therapy. Current management regimens lack reliable noninvasive methods to assess changes in hepatic fibrosis and interventions that disrupt fibrotic pathways. The goals of this review are to indicate promising noninvasive methods to monitor hepatic fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis and identify anti-fibrotic interventions that warrant evaluation. Laboratory methods can differentiate cirrhosis from non-cirrhosis, but their accuracy in distinguishing changes in histological stage is uncertain. Radiological methods include transient elastography, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, and magnetic resonance elastography. Methods based on ultrasonography are comparable in detecting advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis, but their performances may be compromised by hepatic inflammation and obesity. Magnetic resonance elastography has excellent performance parameters for all histological stages in diverse liver diseases, is uninfluenced by inflammatory activity or body habitus, has been superior to other radiological methods in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and may emerge as the preferred instrument to evaluate fibrosis in autoimmune hepatitis. Promising anti-fibrotic interventions are site- and organelle-specific agents, especially inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidases, transforming growth factor beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase, lysyl oxidases, and C-C chemokine receptors types 2 and 5. Autoimmune hepatitis has a pro-fibrotic propensity, and noninvasive radiological methods, especially magnetic resonance elastography, and site- and organelle-specific interventions, especially selective antioxidants and inhibitors of collagen cross-linkage, may emerge to strengthen current management strategies.
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Czaja AJ. Nature and Implications of Oxidative and Nitrosative Stresses in Autoimmune Hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2784-2803. [PMID: 27411555 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stresses can damage cellular membranes, disrupt mitochondrial function, alter gene expression, promote the apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes, and increase fibrosis in diverse acute and chronic liver diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis. The objectives of this review are to describe the mechanisms of oxidative and nitrosative stresses in inflammatory liver disease, indicate the pathogenic implications of these stresses in autoimmune hepatitis, and suggest investigational opportunities to develop interventions that counter them. The principal antioxidant defenses, including glutathione production, the activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the release of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, may be inadequate or suppressed by transforming growth factor beta. The generation of reactive oxygen species can intensify nitrosative stress, and this stress may not be adequately modulated by the thioredoxin-thioredoxin reductase system and induce post-translational modifications of proteins that further disrupt hepatocyte function. The unfolded protein response and autophagy may be unable to restore redox stability, meet metabolic demands, and maintain hepatocyte survival. Emerging interventions with highly selective site- and organelle-specific actions may improve outcomes, and they include inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, nitric oxide synthase, and transforming growth factor beta. Pharmacological manipulation of nuclear transcription factors may favor expression of antioxidant genes, and stimulation of chaperone proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum and modulation of autophagy may prevent hepatic fibrosis and enhance cell survival. These interventions constitute investigational opportunities to improve the management of autoimmune hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Czaja
- Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Gill KS, Fernandes P, O'Donovan TR, McKenna SL, Doddakula KK, Power DG, Soden DM, Forde PF. Glycolysis inhibition as a cancer treatment and its role in an anti-tumour immune response. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:87-105. [PMID: 27373814 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Increased glycolysis is the main source of energy supply in cancer cells that use this metabolic pathway for ATP generation. Altered energy metabolism is a biochemical fingerprint of cancer cells that represents one of the "hallmarks of cancer". The immune system can prevent tumour growth by eliminating cancer cells but this editing process ultimately results in poorly immunogenic cells remaining allowing for unchallenged tumour growth. In this review we look at the glycolysis pathway as a target for cancer treatments. We also examine the interplay between the glycolysis modulation and the immune response as an anti-cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kheshwant S Gill
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Philana Fernandes
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Tracey R O'Donovan
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sharon L McKenna
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Derek G Power
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, Mercy University Hospital, Grenville Place, Cork, Ireland
| | - Declan M Soden
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick F Forde
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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Zong DW, Guo CY, Cheng HT, Hu HT, Xiao JC, Li HL. Influence of lactulose on interventional therapy for HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:193-6. [PMID: 26919955 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of lactulose on immunity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after double-interventional therapies. METHODS A total of 40 HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism, hospitalized during January 2013 to June 2014, were enrolled and randomized into control group and observation group. Both groups received partial splenic embolization combined with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Besides, observation group orally took lactulose 30 mL/d. Four days before interventional therapies and at days 1, 3, 7 and 14 after therapies, fasting venous blood was collected to detect white blood cell count, red blood cell count (RBC), and platelet count (PLT). Four days before therapies and at days 7 and 14 after therapies, the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, total bilirubin, malondialdehyde, super-oxide dismutase (SOD), IFN-γ, and IL-4 as well as the distribution of T cell subsets in peripheral blood were tested. Complications were observed after interventional therapies. RESULTS Before interventional therapies the levels of white blood cell count, PLT and RBC in both groups showed no difference, while after interventional therapies the levels of PLT and RBC in both groups showed an increasing tendency (P < 0.05). At day 14 after interventional therapies, the level of blood cell as well as that of SOD, IFN-γ and IL-4 in serum were significantly higher than that before therapies; meanwhile, the levels of alanine aminotransferase and total bilirubin of observation group after therapies were significantly lower than before and control group (P < 0.05), the levels of CD4(+)/CD8(+), SOD and IFN-γ were all higher than before and control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Oral administration of lactulose could adjust the imbalance of oxidation system/antioxidant system in HCC patients with hepatocirrhosis and hypersplenism after interventional therapies, and improve the antitumor immunity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng-Wei Zong
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Chen-Yang Guo
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hong-Tao Cheng
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hong-Tao Hu
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Jin-Cheng Xiao
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Hai-Liang Li
- Department of Radiology Intervention, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China.
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Nicolson GL, de Mattos GF, Settineri R, Costa C, Ellithorpe R, Rosenblatt S, La Valle J, Jimenez A, Ohta S. Clinical Effects of Hydrogen Administration: From Animal and Human Diseases to Exercise Medicine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2016.71005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Li S, Tan HY, Wang N, Zhang ZJ, Lao L, Wong CW, Feng Y. The Role of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26087-124. [PMID: 26540040 PMCID: PMC4661801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 935] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A complex antioxidant system has been developed in mammals to relieve oxidative stress. However, excessive reactive species derived from oxygen and nitrogen may still lead to oxidative damage to tissue and organs. Oxidative stress has been considered as a conjoint pathological mechanism, and it contributes to initiation and progression of liver injury. A lot of risk factors, including alcohol, drugs, environmental pollutants and irradiation, may induce oxidative stress in liver, which in turn results in severe liver diseases, such as alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Application of antioxidants signifies a rational curative strategy to prevent and cure liver diseases involving oxidative stress. Although conclusions drawn from clinical studies remain uncertain, animal studies have revealed the promising in vivo therapeutic effect of antioxidants on liver diseases. Natural antioxidants contained in edible or medicinal plants often possess strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging abilities as well as anti-inflammatory action, which are also supposed to be the basis of other bioactivities and health benefits. In this review, PubMed was extensively searched for literature research. The keywords for searching oxidative stress were free radicals, reactive oxygen, nitrogen species, anti-oxidative therapy, Chinese medicines, natural products, antioxidants and liver diseases. The literature, including ours, with studies on oxidative stress and anti-oxidative therapy in liver diseases were the focus. Various factors that cause oxidative stress in liver and effects of antioxidants in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases were summarized, questioned, and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Li
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hor-Yue Tan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ning Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhang-Jin Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chi-Woon Wong
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yibin Feng
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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26
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Ayan M, Tas U, Sogut E, Caylı S, Kaya H, Esen M, Erdemir F, Uysal M. Protective effect of thymoquinone against testicular torsion induced oxidative injury. Andrologia 2015; 48:143-51. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ayan
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - U. Tas
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - E. Sogut
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine; Katip Celebi University; İzmir Turkey
| | - S. Caylı
- Department of Histology and Embryology; Faculty of Medicine; Yildirim Beyazit University; Ankara Turkey
| | - H. Kaya
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Harran University; Urfa Turkey
| | - M. Esen
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - F. Erdemir
- Department of Urology; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
| | - M. Uysal
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Medicine; Gaziosmanpasa University; Tokat Turkey
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27
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Weingarten MA, Sande AA. Acute liver failure in dogs and cats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2015; 25:455-73. [PMID: 25882813 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define acute liver failure (ALF), review the human and veterinary literature, and discuss the etiologies and current concepts in diagnostic and treatment options for ALF in veterinary and human medicine. ETIOLOGY In veterinary medicine ALF is most commonly caused by hepatotoxin exposure, infectious agents, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and hypoxic injury. DIAGNOSIS A patient may be deemed to be in ALF when there is a progression of acute liver injury with no known previous hepatic disease, the development of hepatic encephalopathy of any grade that occurs within 8 weeks after the onset of hyperbilirubinemia (defined as plasma bilirubin >50 μM/L [>2.9 mg/dL]), and the presence of a coagulopathy. Diagnostic testing to more specifically characterize liver dysfunction or pathology is usually required. THERAPY Supportive care to aid the failing liver and compensate for the lost functions of the liver remains the cornerstone of care of patients with ALF. Advanced therapeutic options such as extracorporeal liver assist devices and transplantation are currently available in human medicine. PROGNOSIS The prognosis for ALF depends upon the etiology, the degree of liver damage, and the response to therapy. In veterinary medicine, the prognosis is generally poor.
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28
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Abouzied MMM, Eltahir HM, Abdel Aziz MA, Ahmed NS, Abd El-Ghany AA, Abd El-Aziz EA, Abd El-Aziz HO. Curcumin ameliorate DENA-induced HCC via modulating TGF-β, AKT, and caspase-3 expression in experimental rat model. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:1763-71. [PMID: 25519685 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2778-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. In laboratory animal models, diethylnitrosamine (DENA) is a well-known agent that has a potent hepatocarcinogenic effect that is used to induce HCC. As curcumin has a potent anti-inflammatory effect with strong therapeutic potential against a variety of cancers, our present study aims to investigate its curative effects and the possible mechanisms of action against DENA-induced HCC in male rats. Investigation of biochemical and molecular parameters of HCC animal model liver showed an overexpression of TGF-β and Akt proteins accompanied with a significant reduction of the proapoptotic marker caspase-3. DENA-induced hepatic cellular injury resulted also in a significant increase in liver function marker enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lipid peroxides in this group. Curcumin treatment partially reversed DENA-induced damage as it reduced the overexpression of the angiogenic and anti-apoptotic factors TGF-β and Akt and improved caspase-3 expression. Also, it could partially normalize the serum values of liver marker enzymes and lipid peroxidation and improve liver architecture. Curcumin shows a unique chemotherapeutic effect in reversing DENA-induced HCC in rat model. This effect is possibly mediated through its proapoptotic, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, as well as antimitotic effects. It interferes and modulates cell signaling pathways and hence turns death signals and apoptosis on within tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mekky M M Abouzied
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, El- Madinah El-Munawarah, P.O. Box 30001, Saudi Arabia,
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Rajesh V, Kavitha KNVK, Vishali K, Raju C, Gayathri K, Sruthi A. Protective effect Courouptia guianensis flower extract against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced hepatic damage in wistar albino rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-014-0175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cao SS, Kaufman RJ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in cell fate decision and human disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 21:396-413. [PMID: 24702237 PMCID: PMC4076992 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 864] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a specialized organelle for the folding and trafficking of proteins, which is highly sensitive to changes in intracellular homeostasis and extracellular stimuli. Alterations in the protein-folding environment cause accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER that profoundly affect a variety of cellular signaling processes, including reduction-oxidation (redox) homeostasis, energy production, inflammation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a collection of adaptive signaling pathways that evolved to resolve protein misfolding and restore an efficient protein-folding environment. RECENT ADVANCES Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been linked to ER stress and the UPR. ROS play a critical role in many cellular processes and can be produced in the cytosol and several organelles, including the ER and mitochondria. Studies suggest that altered redox homeostasis in the ER is sufficient to cause ER stress, which could, in turn, induce the production of ROS in the ER and mitochondria. CRITICAL ISSUES Although ER stress and oxidative stress coexist in many pathologic states, whether and how these stresses interact is unknown. It is also unclear how changes in the protein-folding environment in the ER cause oxidative stress. In addition, how ROS production and protein misfolding commit the cell to an apoptotic death and contribute to various degenerative diseases is unknown. FUTURE DIRECTIONS A greater fundamental understanding of the mechanisms that preserve protein folding homeostasis and redox status will provide new information toward the development of novel therapeutics for many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stewart Siyan Cao
- 1 Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Medical Research Institute , La Jolla, California
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31
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Dysplastic hepatocytes develop nuclear inclusions in a mouse model of viral hepatitis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99872. [PMID: 24932583 PMCID: PMC4059674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis resulting in chronic liver disease is an important clinical challenge and insight into the cellular processes that drive pathogenesis will be critical in order to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic options. Nuclear inclusions in viral and non-viral hepatitis are well documented and have diagnostic significance in some disease contexts. However, the origins and functional consequences of these nuclear inclusions remain elusive. To date the clinical observation of nuclear inclusions in viral and non-viral hepatitis has not been explored at depth in murine models of liver disease. Herein, we report that in a transgenic model of hepatitis B surface antigen mediated hepatitis, murine hepatocytes exhibit nuclear inclusions. Cells bearing nuclear inclusions were more likely to express markers of cell proliferation. We also established a correlation between these inclusions and oxidative stress. N-acetyl cysteine treatment effectively reduced oxidative stress levels, relieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and the number of nuclear inclusions we observed in the transgenic mice. Our results suggest that the presence of nuclear inclusions in hepatocytes correlates with oxidative stress and cellular proliferation in a model of antigen mediated hepatitis.
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32
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Kim JH, Jeong YJ, Hong JM, Kim HR, Kang JS, Lee WJ, Hwang YI. Chronic vitamin C insufficiency aggravated thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in gulo-knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 67:81-90. [PMID: 24184603 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.10.813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Given the involvement of oxidative stress in liver-disease- or hepato-toxicant-induced hepatic damage and fibrosis, antioxidants are an effective preventive and therapeutic tool. The beneficial results of vitamin C, one of the physiological antioxidants, have been observed both in experimental animals and in humans. However, most of these studies have been concerned with supplementary vitamin C; the effects of under vitamin C insufficiency, which humans sometimes confront, have not been substantially investigated. In the present study, we established a vitamin C-insufficient animal model (half-to-normal serum vitamin C concentration) with gulo(-/-) mice that cannot synthesize vitamin C, and induced hepatotoxicity by means of thioacetamide (TAA) injections twice a week for 18 weeks. Additionally, we explored the direct effects of vitamin C both on immortalized human hepatic stellate LX-2 cells and on rat primary hepatic stellate cells. Vitamin C insufficiency resulted in a decreased survival rate and increased serum markers for hepatocyte damage, such as alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Concomitantly, the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxides in the liver were increased. Histological examinations of the vitamin C-insufficient liver revealed increases in collagen fiber deposition and activated-hepatic-stellate-cell number. Vitamin C, when directly applied to the LX-2 cells as well as the rat primary hepatic stellate cells, suppressed not only proliferation but hydrogen peroxide-induced collagen expression as well. In conclusion, vitamin C insufficiency exacerbated TAA-induced hepatotoxicity. These effects seem to be mainly from insufficient scavenging of ROS in the liver, and possibly in part, by directly affecting hepatic stellate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Young-Joo Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jun-Man Hong
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Hang-Rae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Wang Jae Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Young-Il Hwang
- Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-799, Korea.
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Role of oxidative stress in infectious diseases. A review. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2013; 58:503-13. [PMID: 23504625 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-013-0239-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a dual role in infections. Free radicals protect against invading microorganisms, and they can also cause tissue damage during the resulting inflammation. In the process of infection, there is generation of reactive species by myeloperoxidase, NADPH oxidase, and nitric oxide synthase. On the other hand, reactive species can be generated among others, by cytochrome P450, some metals, and xanthine oxidase. Some pathologies arising during infection can be attributed to oxidative stress and generation of reactive species in infection can even have fatal consequences. This article reviews the basic pathways in which reactive species can accumulate during infectious diseases and discusses the related health consequences.
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Prathibha P, Rejitha S, Harikrishnan R, Das SS, Abhilash PA, Indira M. Additive effect of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid in combating ethanol-induced hepatic fibrosis. Redox Rep 2013; 18:36-46. [PMID: 23394495 PMCID: PMC6837559 DOI: 10.1179/1351000212y.0000000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of combined administration of alpha-tocopherol (AT) and ascorbic acid (AA) in reducing ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. METHODS Rats were maintained for 90 days and grouped as follows: I-control rats, II-ethanol, III-alpha-tocopherol, IV-ethanol+alpha-tocopherol, V-AA, VI-ethanol+ascorbic acid, VII-alpha-tocopherol+ascorbic acid, VIII-ethanol+alpha-tocopherol+ascorbic acid. At the end of the experimental period, markers of hepatic function, oxidative stress, and the expression of markers of inflammation and fibrosis were assayed. RESULTS The markers of hepatic function, lipid peroxidation products, protein carbonyls, and the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta 1, cytochrome P4502E1, and collagen Type I were elevated after ethanol administration. All these parameters were reduced in the ethanol group administered AT and AA in combination. The activities of antioxidant enzymes which were reduced by ethanol administration were enhanced on combined administration of AT and AA. The reduction in hepatic fibrosis was almost 20% more in AT and AA co-administered group compared with AT and AA alone treated groups. DISCUSSION Combined administration of fat soluble AT and water soluble AA was beneficial against ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity. This may be due to their different subcellular localizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Prathibha
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - S Rejitha
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - R Harikrishnan
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - S Syam Das
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - P A Abhilash
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
| | - M Indira
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Kerala, Kariavattom, Thiruvananthapuram 695 581, Kerala, India
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