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Karimi FZ, Nazari N, Lotfi F, Mazloom SR, Yousefi M, Rakhshandeh H. Effects of Viola odorata syrup on sleep quality in menopausal women: a randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:1137-1144. [PMID: 38177831 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study aimed to assess the effects of Viola odorata syrup on the sleep quality of postmenopausal women. METHODS This triple-blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted on menopausal women presenting to the healthcare centers in Mashhad, Iran, in 2019. The participants were selected using simple random sampling. Participants received 5 ml syrup V. odorata or placebo twice a day for 1 month. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. RESULTS The 118 eligible women enrolled in the study were divided into two groups of V. odorata syrup and placebo (n = 59 each). The analysis was conducted on only 84 menopausal women (42 in each group) due to exclusions. Exclusions consisted of 12 participants who withdrew from the study due to unwillingness to cooperate, 8 who had irregular consumption of the therapeutic syrup, 6 with inaccurate completion of the questionnaire, and 8 due to lack of accessibility. The two study groups were homogenous in terms of demographic characteristics. Before the intervention, no significant difference was observed in the mean PSQI score between the two groups (9.2 ± 2.9 vs. 8.4 ± 2.5) (P = 0.18). However, a significant difference was seen in the mean PSQI score between the two groups (4.9 ± 1.9 vs. 8.1 ± 2.1, P < 0.001) after the intervention. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that V. odorata syrup may be a useful therapeutic agent to improve the sleep quality of menopausal women. REGISTRATION CODE IRCT20180514039660N1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zahra Karimi
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Nahid Nazari
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Lotfi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Reza Mazloom
- Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Yousefi
- Traditional Medicine School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Traditional Medicine School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicinal Plants Pharmacological Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tran KN, Kwon JH, Kim MK, Nguyen NPK, Yang IJ. Intranasal delivery of herbal medicine for disease treatment: A systematic review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 127:155484. [PMID: 38442431 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal administration has been adopted in traditional medicine to facilitate access to the bloodstream and central nervous system (CNS). In modern medicine, nasal drug delivery systems are valuable for disease treatment because of their noninvasiveness, good absorption, and fast-acting effects. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to systematically organize preclinical and clinical studies on intranasal herbal medicines to highlight their potential in drug development. METHODS A comprehensive search for literature until February 2023 was conducted on PubMed and the Web of Science. From the selected publications, we extracted key information, including the types of herbal materials, target diseases, intranasal conditions, methods of toxicity evaluation, main outcomes, and mechanisms of action, and performed quality assessments for each study. RESULTS Of the 45 studies, 13 were clinical and 32 were preclinical; 28 studies used herbal extracts, 9 used prescriptions, and 8 used natural compounds. The target diseases were rhinosinusitis, influenza, fever, stroke, migraine, insomnia, depression, memory disorders, and lung cancer. The common intranasal volumes were 8-50 µl in mice, 20-100 µl in rats, and 100-500 µl in rabbits. Peppermint oil, Ribes nigrum folium, Melia azedarach L., Elaeocarpus sylvestris, Radix Bupleuri, Da Chuan Xiong Fang, Xingnaojing microemulsion, and Ginsenoside Rb1 emerged as potential candidates for rapid intranasal therapy. The in vivo toxicity assessments were based on mortality, body weight, behavioral changes, mucociliary activity, histopathology, and blood tests. Most intranasal treatments were safe, except for Cyclamen europaeum, Jasminum sambac, Punica granatum L., and violet oil, which caused mild adverse effects. At lower doses, intranasal herbal treatments often show greater effects than oral administration. The actions of intranasal herbal medicine mainly involve regulating inflammation and neurotransmission, with the olfactory bulb and anterior cingulate cortex to be relevant brain regions. CONCLUSION Intranasal delivery of herbal materials holds promise for enhancing drug delivery efficacy and reducing treatment duration, offering a potential future perspective for developing intranasal therapies for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khoa Nguyen Tran
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Kwon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Nhi Phuc Khanh Nguyen
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jun Yang
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 38066, Republic of Korea.
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Hosseini A, Mobasheri L, Rakhshandeh H, Rahimi VB, Najafi Z, Askari VR. Edible Herbal Medicines as an Alternative to Common Medication for Sleep Disorders: A Review Article. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1205-1232. [PMID: 37345244 PMCID: PMC10964091 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230621143944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insomnia is repeated difficulty in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or experiencing lowquality sleep, resulting in some form of daytime disturbance. Sleeping disorders cause daytime fatigue, mental confusion, and over-sensitivity due to insufficient recovery from a sound sleep. There are some drugs, such as benzodiazepines and anti-histaminic agents, which help to sleep induction and insomnia cure. However, the prolonged administration is unsuitable because of tolerance and dependence. Therefore, the researchers attempt to find new medicines with lesser adverse effects. Natural products have always been good sources for developing new therapeutics for managing diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, insomnia, and liver and renal problems. Ample research has justified the acceptable reason and relevance of the use of these herbs in the treatment of insomnia. It is worth noting that in this study, we looked into various Persian herbs in a clinical trial and in vivo to treat insomnia, such as Artemisia annua, Salvia reuterana, Viola tricolor, Passiflora incarnata, lettuce, and Capparis spinose. According to research, herb extracts and fractions, particularly n-butanol fractions with non-polar agents, impact the benzodiazepine receptors and have hypnotic properties. Also, alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in practically every plant are mentioned making them the popular natural compounds to help with sleep disorders and promote calmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Hosseini
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
| | - Leila Mobasheri
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
| | - Hassan Rakhshandeh
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zohreh Najafi
- Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bjørklund G, Cruz-Martins N, Goh BH, Mykhailenko O, Lysiuk R, Shanaida M, Lenchyk L, Upyr T, Rusu ME, Pryshlyak A, Shanaida V, Chirumbolo S. Medicinal Plant-derived Phytochemicals in Detoxification. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:988-1015. [PMID: 37559241 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230809094242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The average worldwide human life expectancy is 70 years, with a significantly higher value in Western societies. Many modern diseases are not associated with premature mortality but with a decreased quality of life in aged patients and an excessive accumulation of various toxic compounds in the human body during life. Today, scientists are especially interested in finding compounds that can help increase a healthy lifespan by detoxifying the body. Phytotherapy with specific approaches is used in alternative medicine to remove toxins from the body. Worldwide, research is conducted to identify medicinal plant-derived molecules that, with few or no side effects, may protect the liver and other organs. This review provides updated information about the detoxification process, the traditional and modern use of the most effective medicinal plants, their active metabolites as detoxifying agents, and the mechanisms and pathways involved in the detoxification process. Among medicinal plants with substantial detoxifying properties, a major part belongs to the Asteraceae family (Silybum marianum, Cynara scolymus, Arctium lappa, Helichrysum species, Inula helenium, and Taraxacum officinale). The most widely used hepatoprotective phytocomponent is silymarin, a standardized extract from the Silybum marianum seeds containing a mixture of flavonolignans. Many polysaccharides, polyphenols, and terpenoids have a detoxifying effect. Overall, scientific data on medicinal plants used in phytotherapeutic practice worldwide provides an understanding and awareness of their efficacy in detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Department of Research, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Toften 24, Mo i Rana 8610, Norway
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernani Monteiro, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
- TOXRUN-Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bey Hing Goh
- Biofunctional Molecule Exploratory (BMEX) Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Victoria, Malaysia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Veterinary and Animal Science, Lahore, Pakistan
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Olha Mykhailenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Pharmacy of Ministry of Health of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Bromatology and Medicinal Chemistry Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Roman Lysiuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
- CONEM Ukraine Life Science Research Group, Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Mariia Shanaida
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medical Botany, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Larysa Lenchyk
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies and Quality of Medicines, Institute for Advanced Training of Pharmacy Specialists, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Taras Upyr
- CONEM Ukraine Pharmacognosy and Natural Product Chemistry Research Group, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Marius Emil Rusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Antonina Pryshlyak
- Department of Human Anatomy, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Shanaida
- Design of Machine Tools, Instruments and Machines Department, Ternopil Ivan Puluj National Technical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
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Batiha GES, Lukman HY, Shaheen HM, Wasef L, Hafiz AA, Conte-Junior CA, Al-Farga A, Chamba MVM, Lawal B. A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Nutritional Composition, and Pharmacologic Application of Species of the Genus Viola in Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:5406039. [PMID: 37941895 PMCID: PMC10630019 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5406039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Viola L. is the largest genus of the Violaceae family with more than 500 species across the globe. The present extensive literature survey revealed Viola species to be a group of important nutritional and medicinal plants used for the ethnomedicinal treatment of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, asthma, lung diseases, and fatigue. Many plant species of this genus have also received scientific validation of their pharmacological activities including neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, analgesic, antipyretic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, and antioxidant. Viola is highly rich in different natural products some of which have been isolated and identified in the past few decades; these include flavonoids terpenoids and phenylpropanoids of different pharmacological activities. The pharmacokinetics and clinical studies on this genus are lacking, and the present review is aimed at summarizing the current understanding of the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, nutritional composition, and pharmacological profile of medicinal plants from the Viola genus to reveal its therapeutic potentials, gaps, and subsequently open a new window for future pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Halimat Yusuf Lukman
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Summit University Offa, Offa PMB 4412, Nigeria
| | - Hazem M. Shaheen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Wasef
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Amin A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos Adam Conte-Junior
- Laboratory of Advanced Analysis in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (LAABBM), Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-909, Brazil
| | - Ammar Al-Farga
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21577, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moses V. M. Chamba
- Department of Physics and Biochemical Sciences, Malawi University of Business and Applied Sciences, Private Bag 303, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Bashir Lawal
- Faculty of Medical Science, New Gate University, Minna, Nigeria
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Huang S, Huang Q, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Zhan Y, Liang Z. The Efficacy of V. odorata Extract in the Treatment of Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:730311. [PMID: 35734476 PMCID: PMC9207380 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.730311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the effect of Viola odorata (V. odorata) extract in the treatment of insomnia. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases, as well as references of related articles, were searched. Finally, four articles with five clinical trials including 224 patients were included in the analysis. Results The obtained results indicated a greater improvement in total PSQI scores (MD,−4.67; P = 0.0002), subjective sleep quality score (MD,−0.91; P = 0.003), sleep duration score (MD,−0.77; P < 0.00001), and ISI score (MD,−6.30; P = 0.009) in the Viola extract group compared with the placebo group. However, the Viola extract group did not significantly differ in sleep latency (MD,−0.85; P = 0.08), habitual sleep efficiency (MD,−0.61; P = 0.21), sleep disturbances (MD,−0.36; P = 0.11), and daytime dysfunction (MD,−0.94; P = 0.12) from the placebo group. Conclusions Viola extract supplement led to a greater improvement in total PSQI scores, subjective sleep quality score, sleep duration score, and ISI score compared with the placebo group of patients with chronic insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfeng Huang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qianqian Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Jimo District, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongbao Zhou
- Beijing TianTan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, The Second Clinical Medical College of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
- Yan Zhan
| | - Zhigang Liang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhigang Liang
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Effectiveness of Viola Flower Syrup Compared with Polyethylene Glycol in Children with Functional Constipation: A Randomized, Active-Controlled Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9915289. [PMID: 34552657 PMCID: PMC8452406 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9915289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Functional constipation (FC) is a health concern that is prevalent in the pediatric population. It lowers the quality of life and increases the probability of comorbidities. As a complementary modality, herbal medicine has been considered useful in a variety of conditions. Persian medicine (PM) resources mention the Viola flower as an effective herb in treating constipation. The purpose of the current trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Viola flower syrup (VFS) compared with polyethylene glycol (PEG) in children with functional constipation. Methods This randomized, active-controlled, single-center trial was conducted on 140 children aged between 4 and 10 years with confirmed FC according to Rome III criteria. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either VFS or PEG for four weeks. Independent t-test and general linear model (GLM) repeated measures analysis of variance were used to determine the intergroup difference, and paired sample t-test was used to evaluate the intragroup difference. Results After four weeks of intervention, 133 individuals (66 in VFS and 67 in the PEG group) were analyzed. Results of both groups demonstrated significant improvement in all measured criteria at the end of the study compared to baseline (P < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between the two groups at baseline or at the end of the study (P > 0.05), except for fecal retention at baseline (P=0.028). Participants in the PEG group experienced more side effects compared to the VFS group. Conclusion The findings of this investigation indicated that VFS is an effective and relatively safe medication to be used in the treatment of pediatric FC.
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Borrás S, Martínez-Solís I, Ríos JL. Medicinal Plants for Insomnia Related to Anxiety: An Updated Review. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:738-753. [PMID: 34116572 DOI: 10.1055/a-1510-9826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common among the general population and can generate health problems such as insomnia and anxiety. In addition to standard drugs and psychological interventions, there are different complementary plant-based therapies used to treat insomnia and anxiety. This review aimed to find and examine the most recent research on the use of herbal medicines for treating anxiety and insomnia as compiled from clinical trials, as well as to assess the safety and efficacy of these medicines and to elucidate their possible mechanisms of action. The process entailed a search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library databases from 2010 to 2020. The search terms included "sleep disorder", "insomnia", "sedative", "hypnotic", "anxiety", "anxiolytic", and "clinical trial", combined with the search terms "herbs" and "medicinal plants", in addition to individual herbal medicines by both their common and scientific names. This updated review, which focuses mainly on clinical trials, includes research on 23 medicinal plants and their combinations. Essential oils and their associations have also been reviewed. The efficacy of medicinal plants depends on treatment duration, types of study subjects, administration route, and treatment method. More clinical trials with an adequate, standardized design are necessary, as are more preclinical studies to continue studying the mechanisms of action. As a result of our work, we can conclude that the 3 plants with the most potential are valerian, passionflower, and ashwagandha, with the combination of valerian with hops and passionflower giving the best results in the clinical tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Borrás
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Spain
| | - Isabel Martínez-Solís
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Spain
| | - José Luis Ríos
- Departament de Farmacologia, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de València, Spain
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Gattringer J, Ndogo OE, Retzl B, Ebermann C, Gruber CW, Hellinger R. Cyclotides Isolated From Violet Plants of Cameroon Are Inhibitors of Human Prolyl Oligopeptidase. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:707596. [PMID: 34322026 PMCID: PMC8311463 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.707596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine and the use of herbal remedies are well established in the African health care system. For instance, Violaceae plants are used for antimicrobial or anti-inflammatory applications in folk medicine. This study describes the phytochemical analysis and bioactivity screening of four species of the violet tribe Allexis found in Cameroon. Allexis cauliflora, Allexis obanensis, Allexis batangae and Allexis zygomorpha were evaluated for the expression of circular peptides (cyclotides) by mass spectrometry. The unique cyclic cystine-rich motif was identified in several peptides of all four species. Knowing that members of this peptide family are protease inhibitors, the plant extracts were evaluated for the inhibition of human prolyl oligopeptidase (POP). Since all four species inhibited POP activity, a bioactivity-guided fractionation approach was performed to isolate peptide inhibitors. These novel cyclotides, alca 1 and alca 2 exhibited IC50 values of 8.5 and 4.4 µM, respectively. To obtain their amino acid sequence information, combinatorial enzymatic proteolysis was performed. The proteolytic fragments were evaluated in MS/MS fragmentation experiments and the full-length amino acid sequences were obtained by de novo annotation of fragment ions. In summary, this study identified inhibitors of the human protease POP, which is a drug target for inflammatory or neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Gattringer
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Olivier Eteme Ndogo
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Retzl
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carina Ebermann
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Ayman U, Sofi G, Renuka BN. Understanding Humma-e-Wabai (epidemic fever) and Amraz-e-Wabai (epidemic disease) in the light of Unani medicine. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 18:469-476. [PMID: 33544515 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2020-0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of Humma-e-Wabai were described several years ago in the Unani System of Medicine close to the clinical manifestation associated with epidemic or pandemic situations. In the Unani System of Medicine, Humma-e-Wabai described under the legend of epidemic disease (Amraz-e-Wabai). Amraz-e-Wabai is an umbrella term which is applied for all types of epidemic or pandemic situation. Renowned Unani Scientists like; Zakariya Rhazi (865-925 AD), Ali Ibn Abbas Majusi (930-994 AD), Ibn Sina (980-1037 AD), Ismail Jorjani (1,042-1,137 AD), Ibn Rushd etc., explained that Humma-e-Waba is an extremely rigorous, lethal fever, that is caused due to morbid air (fasid hawa) and it frequently spreads among the larger population in the society. There are four etiological factors responsible for Amraz-e-Wabai viz; change in the quality of air, water, earth, and celestial bodies, which was described by Ibn Sina in Canon of Medicine. He also advised that movements should be limited during epidemic situations. Shelters should be fumigated with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), Kafoor (Cinnamomum camphora L.), Oodkham (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb.), Hing (Ferula foetida L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and sandalwood (Santalum album L.), etc. The use of vinegar (sirka) and rose water (arque gulab) has been advocated to prevent the infection by spray. Avoid consumption of flesh, oil, milk, sweets, alcohol. Food prepared with vinegar. Specific antidotes (e.g. Tiryaq-e-Wabai, Tiryaq-e-Farooque), should be used as prophylaxis. This review attempts to explain the concept, prevention, and management of epidemic or pandemic situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of Ilmul Advia, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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Taherzadeh Z, Khaluyan H, Iranshahy M, Rezaeitalab F, Eshaghi Ghalibaf MH, Javadi B. Evaluation of sedative effects of an intranasal dosage form containing saffron, lettuce seeds and sweet violet in primary chronic insomnia: A randomized, double-dummy, double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113116. [PMID: 32736046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) has been established as a valuable source of medicinal plants for the treatment of insomnia for thousands of years. Accordingly, oil extracts from plants' parts have been widely used to alleviate central nervous system (CNS) ailments including sleep disorders. A number of preparations have been recommended by TPM for the treatment of insomnia. Among them, an intranasal formulation containing oily macerates of Viola odorata L., Crocus sativus L. and Lactuca sativa L. stands out. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present double-dummy, double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a combination of violet oil, saffron oil, and lettuce seeds oil nasal drop compared with the placebo (sesame oil). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients with primary chronic insomnia were randomly assigned in TPM-treatment or placebo groups, received either two drops of the herbal oil or placebo into each nostril every noon and evening for 8 weeks. Before the study commencement and after 1, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires were completed by all patients. The primary outcome measure was considered as any changes in ISI scores between the first visit and after 8 weeks. Changes in PSQI scores during the study and possible side effects were also assessed. The multicompound herbal oil was standardized using HPLC analysis and contained 0.02 mg/mL crocin and 4 μg/mL isoquercitrin. RESULTS Our study revealed a significant reduction in the ISI and PSQI scores from baseline by the study endpoint (P ≤ 0.01). The mean ISI scores in week 8 decreased significantly for the intervention group (P = 0.001) and also the placebo group (P < 0.01) when compared with baseline. Moreover, the use of hypnotic drugs in the intervention group was significantly reduced (P < 0.001), while in the control group was maintained at baseline level. CONCLUSIONS It seems that intranasal use of the multi-herbal preparation can be used to improve chronic insomnia and to reduce the dose of conventional hypnotic medications in insomniac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhila Taherzadeh
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Khaluyan
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Milad Iranshahy
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariborz Rezaeitalab
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Fatima S, Haider N, Alam MA, Gani MA, Ahmad R. Herbal approach for the management of C0VID-19: an overview. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0150/dmdi-2020-0150.xml. [PMID: 33128525 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is the most recently discovered coronavirus infectious disease and leads to pandemic all over the world. The clinical continuum of COVID-19 varies from mild illness with non-specific signs and symptoms of acute respiratory disease to extreme respiratory pneumonia and septic shock. It can transmit from animal to human in the form of touch, through the air, water, utensils, fomite and feco-oral route blood. The pathogenesis and clinical features of COVID-19 be the same as the clinical manifestation associated epidemic Fever. In Unani medicine, various herbal drugs are described under the caption of epidemic disease. Great Unani scholar also Avicenna (980-1037 AD) recommended that during epidemic condition movement should be restricted, self-isolation, fumigation around the habitant with perfumed herbs (Ood, Kafoor, Sumbuluttib, Saad Kofi, Loban, etc.), and use of appropriate antidotes (Tiryaqe Wabai) and vinegar (Sirka) as prophylaxis. Herbal approach is based on single (Unnab-Ziziphus jujuba, Sapistan-Cordia myxa, Bahidana-Cydonia oblonga, Khatmi-Althea officinalis, Khubazi-Malva sylvestris, Zafran-Crocus sativus, Sibr-Aloe barbedensis, Murmuki-Commiphora myrrha, Darchini-Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Qaranfal-Syzygium aromaticum, Rihan-Oscimum sanctum, Habtus Sauda-Nigella sativa, Aslus Sus-Glycyrrhiza glabra, Maghze Amaltas-Cassia fistula and Adusa-Adhatoda vasica) and compound drugs (Habbe Bukhar, Sharbat Khaksi, Sharbat Zanjabeel, Naqu Nazla, Majoon Chobchini, Jawrish Jalinus and Khamira Marvareed) most of them are claimed for anti-viral, anti-pyretic, blood purifier, cardioprotective and expectorant activities. Traditionally most of the herbal practitioners are using it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Fatima
- Department of Unani Pharmacy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Nafis Haider
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Abdul Gani
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Rafeeque Ahmad
- The New York School of Medical and Dental Assistants, Long Island City, NY, USA
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13
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ayman U, Ansari S, Ahad M. Understanding COVID-19 in the light of epidemic disease described in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 35:dmpt-2020-0136. [PMID: 34704695 DOI: 10.1515/dmpt-2020-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Unani system of medicine is based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates, according to him the state of body health and disease are regulated by qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of four humours. Amraz-e-Waba is an umbrella term which is used in Unani medicine for all types of epidemics (smallpox, measles, plague, Hameer Saifi, influenza, Nipaha, Ebola, Zika, and 2019 novel coronavirus, etc.) mostly fatal in nature. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection, and the pathogenesis and clinical features resemble with those of Nazla-e-Wabaiya (influenza) and Zatul Riya (pneumonia) which were well described many years ago in Unani text such as high-grade fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, running nose, dry cough, respiratory distress, alternate and small pulse, asthenia, foul smell from breath, insomnia, frothy stool, syncope, coldness in both upper and lower extremities, etc. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global emergency pandemic. Unani scholars like Hippocrates (370-460 BC), Galen (130-200 AD), Rhazes (865-925 AD), and Avicenna (980-1037 AD) had described four etiological factors for Amraz-e-Waba viz., change in quality of air, water, Earth, and celestial bodies, accordingly mentioned various preventive measures to be adopted during epidemics such as restriction of movement, isolation or "quarantena", and fumigation with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), Zafran (Crocus sativus L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and roses (Rosa damascena Mill.) and use of vinegar (sirka) and antidotes (Tiryaq) as prophylaxis, and avoiding consumption of milk, oil, sweet, meat, and alcohol. This review focuses and elaborates on the concept, prevention, and probable management of COVID-19 in the light of Amraz-e-Waba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of IlmulAdvia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mariyam Ahad
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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14
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Alam MA, Quamri MA, Sofi G, Ayman U, Ansari S, Ahad M. Understanding COVID-19 in the light of epidemic disease described in Unani medicine. Drug Metab Pers Ther 2020; 0:/j/dmdi.ahead-of-print/dmdi-2020-0136/dmdi-2020-0136.xml. [PMID: 32966232 DOI: 10.1515/dmdi-2020-0136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Unani system of medicine is based on the humoral theory postulated by Hippocrates, according to him the state of body health and disease are regulated by qualitative and quantitative equilibrium of four humours. Amraz-e-Waba is an umbrella term which is used in Unani medicine for all types of epidemics (smallpox, measles, plague, Hameer Saifi, influenza, Nipaha, Ebola, Zika, and 2019 novel coronavirus, etc.) mostly fatal in nature. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a severe acute respiratory infection, and the pathogenesis and clinical features resemble with those of Nazla-e-Wabaiya (influenza) and Zatul Riya (pneumonia) which were well described many years ago in Unani text such as high-grade fever, headache, nausea and vomiting, running nose, dry cough, respiratory distress, alternate and small pulse, asthenia, foul smell from breath, insomnia, frothy stool, syncope, coldness in both upper and lower extremities, etc. The World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a global emergency pandemic. Unani scholars like Hippocrates (370-460 BC), Galen (130-200 AD), Rhazes (865-925 AD), and Avicenna (980-1037 AD) had described four etiological factors for Amraz-e-Waba viz., change in quality of air, water, Earth, and celestial bodies, accordingly mentioned various preventive measures to be adopted during epidemics such as restriction of movement, isolation or "quarantena", and fumigation with loban (Styrax benzoin W. G. Craib ex Hartwich.), sandalwood (Santalum album L.), Zafran (Crocus sativus L.), myrtle (Myrtus communis L.), and roses (Rosa damascena Mill.) and use of vinegar (sirka) and antidotes (Tiryaq) as prophylaxis, and avoiding consumption of milk, oil, sweet, meat, and alcohol. This review focuses and elaborates on the concept, prevention, and probable management of COVID-19 in the light of Amraz-e-Waba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Anzar Alam
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mohd Aleemuddin Quamri
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Ghulamuddin Sofi
- Department of IlmulAdvia (Pharmacology), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Umme Ayman
- Department of Regimenal Therapy, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Department of Biotechnology, Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia University, New Delhi, India
| | - Mariyam Ahad
- Department of Moalajat (Medicine), National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India
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15
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Yazdi N, Kardooni M, Namjuyan F, Vardanjani HM, Tafazoli V, Jaladat AM. Efficacy of Sweet Violet (Viola odorata) flower oil on the symptoms of adults with allergic rhinitis: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Med 2020; 51:102408. [PMID: 32507426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Yazdi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Kardooni
- Department of otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | - Vahid Tafazoli
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Jaladat
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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16
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Shayesteh M, Vaez-Mahdavi MR, Shams J, Kamalinejad M, Faghihzadeh S, Gholami-Fesharaki M, Gharebaghi R, Heidary F. Effects of Viola odorata as an Add-On Therapy on Insomnia in Patients with Obsession or Depression: A Pilot Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:398-408. [PMID: 32073874 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of Viola odorata extracted syrup on the quality and patterns of sleep in patients with depression or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as add-on therapy. Design: A pilot double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Settings/Location: Psychiatric Clinic of Imam Hossein Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Subjects: Participants were 16-15 years of age with mild and moderate depression or OCD having insomnia. Interventions: This pilot study was conducted on patients with insomnia divided into two groups with depression (40 patients) or OCD (43 patients). Each group randomly assigned into two arms with the same conditions at baseline. The intervention arm daily received 5 mL V. odorata syrup every 12 h for 4 weeks, and the control arm received 5 mL placebo syrup every 12 h for 4 weeks. None of the participants was deprived of their routine treatment for depression or OCD. Outcome measures: The scores of insomnia symptoms were evaluated using total score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the scores of its components, the depression score using the final Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) score, and OCD score using the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). Results: The total PSQI score was found to be improved significantly in the intervention arms with depression or OCD (p < 0.001) compared with the corresponding control arms. Significant improvements were also observed in the final mean difference of BDI-II (p = 0.009) and YBOCS (p = 0.001) scores in the intervention arms. Conclusions: V. odorata syrup significantly improved insomnia symptoms and the scores of depression and OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shayesteh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Jamal Shams
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soghrat Faghihzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Gharebaghi
- International Virtual Ophthalmic Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Heidary
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Moliner C, Barros L, Dias MI, Reigada I, Ferreira ICFR, López V, Langa E, Rincón CG. Viola cornuta and Viola x wittrockiana: Phenolic compounds, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities on Caenorhabditis elegans. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:849-859. [PMID: 31590756 PMCID: PMC9306981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Different Viola species are known for their traditional use as analgesic, antitussive, febrifuge, hipnotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicinal agents. Additionally, they are considered edible flowers in certain cultures. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the phenolic composition and to assess the neuroprotective properties of Viola cornuta and Viola x wittrockiana using in vitro and in vivo methodologies with Caenorhabditis elegans as model. The identification of the phenolic compounds was carried out with a LC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined in vitro using Folin-Ciocalteu, DPPH and FRAP assays and in vivo with a juglone-induced oxidative stress in C. elegans. The neuroprotective properties were evaluated measuring the ability to inhibit CNS enzymes (MAO A, AChE), and the capability to avoid paralyzing the C. elegans CL4176, an Alzheimer disease model. The phenolic content was higher in V. x wittrockiana, being quercetin-3-O-(6-O-rhamnosylglucoside)-7-O-rhamnoside the predominant compound in the extract, which also exhibited a stronger antioxidant capacity in vitro and a higher response to lethal oxidative stress on C. elegans than V. cornuta. Only V. x wittrockiana showed inhibitory effect on CNS enzymes, such as acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase A, but both had protective effect against the paralysis of C. elegans. These findings suggest that the studied V. cornuta and V. x wittrockiana could be interesting candidates for age related neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Moliner
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Maria Inês Dias
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Inés Reigada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Víctor López
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza), 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elisa Langa
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlota Gómez Rincón
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad San Jorge, 50830, Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain.
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18
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Comparative Effects of Orange Blossom, Violet, and Marjoram Extracts and Lorazepam on Sleep Deprivation-Induced Anxiety in Mice. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-019-09787-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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19
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Heydarirad G, Keyhanmehr AS, Mofid B, Nikfarjad H, Mosavat SH. Efficacy of aromatherapy with Rosa damascena in the improvement of sleep quality of cancer patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 35:57-61. [PMID: 31003687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Heydarirad
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armaghan Sadat Keyhanmehr
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mofid
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Nikfarjad
- ACECR (Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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20
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Mahboubi M, Taghizadeh Kashani LM. A Narrative study about the role of Viola odorata as traditional medicinal plant in management of respiratory problems. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Bahman M, Hajimehdipoor H, Afrakhteh M, Bioos S, Hashem-Dabaghian F, Tansaz M. The Importance of Sleep Hygiene in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome from the View of Iranian Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine. Int J Prev Med 2018; 9:87. [PMID: 30450170 PMCID: PMC6202781 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_352_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is known as the most common hormonal disorder in women at reproductive age. Recent studies have revealed a high prevalence of sleep disorders in PCOS, suggesting that it is an amendable factor for these patients; however, the sleep was not considered in their treatment plan. According to the Iranian traditional medicine (ITM), sleep is an important item in the lifestyle modification of all diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the importance of sleep hygiene in PCOS from the view of ITM and Modern Medicine. In this study, some keywords about “sleep and PCOS” were searched in medical databases and some ITM books. Lifestyle modification is one of the first steps in treatment of patients with PCOS in which the emphasis will be mainly on exercise and diet. Despite proof of the high prevalence of sleep disorders in these patients, modification of sleep is not considered in their lifestyle. ITM as a holistic medicine emphasizes on lifestyle modification under the title of “Settah-e-Zaruria” (In Persian), the six essential schemes for the prevention and treatment of all diseases. Management of sleep is one of these schemes. There are many advices about sleep hygiene in both ITM and modern medicine. It seems that lifestyle modification should be expanded in PCOS patients to include more options, and sleep hygiene should be considered in their lifestyle alongside food and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Bahman
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Hajimehdipoor
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Afrakhteh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Shohadaye Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Bioos
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian
- Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Tansaz
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Afrasiabian F, Mirabzadeh Ardakani M, Rahmani K, Azadi NA, Alemohammad ZB, Bidaki R, Karimi M, Emtiazy M, Hashempur MH. Aloysia citriodora Palau (lemon verbena) for insomnia patients: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Phytother Res 2018; 33:350-359. [PMID: 30450627 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aloysia citriodora (A. citriodora) has a long history of traditional use for sedation and treatment of insomnia in different societies. This study was carried out to assess the efficacy of A. citriodora in patients with insomnia. One hundred patients were randomly divided into two groups of A. citriodora (total essential oil 1.66 mg/10 ml and total amount of flavonoid in terms of quercetin 3.22 mg/10 ml of the syrup) and placebo. They were advised to use 10 cc of the syrups; an hour before the bedtime for a period of 4 weeks. Participants were assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) questionnaires at the baseline and then 2 and 4 weeks after the enrollment. Mean scores of global PSQI and its four components including sleep latency, habitual sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and subjective sleep quality and also ISI score in the A. citriodora group improved significantly after 4 weeks of treatment when compared with the placebo group (p < 0.001, for all of them). Also, improvement of global score of PSQI and ISI was observed in the intervention group as compared with the placebo group, 2 weeks after the enrollment (p < 0.001). The results of this study showed that oral intake of A. citriodora can be suggested as a complementary treatment for patients with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshid Afrasiabian
- Department of Persian Medicine, The School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehran Mirabzadeh Ardakani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khaled Rahmani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nammam Ali Azadi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Reza Bidaki
- Research Center of Addiction and Behavioral Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Diabetes Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Emtiazy
- Department of Persian Medicine, The School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran.,The Research Center of the Iranian Traditional Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
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Ranjbar M, Salehi A, Rezaeizadeh H, Zarshenas MM, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Mirabzadeh M, Firoozabadi A. Efficacy of a Combination of Melissa officinalis L. and Nepeta Menthoides Boiss. & Buhse on Insomnia: A Triple-Blind, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:1197-1203. [PMID: 29741926 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that has not been well managed thus far. There are numerous medicaments for treatment of insomnia, but they have undesirable side effects that make herbal medicine a more viable option. OBJECTIVES The effectiveness of a combination of Melissa officinalis L. (dry powder) and Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse (freeze-dried aqueous extract) on insomnia was evaluated. DESIGN AND SETTING Insomniacs who met the entry criteria participated in a triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial at the Persian Medicine (PM) clinic in Tehran. INTERVENTIONS The subjects received either 1000 mg of M. officinalis plus 400 mg N. menthoides or a placebo nightly for four weeks in accordance with prescriptions from the pharmaceutical manuscripts on PM and the results of previous studies. OUTCOME MEASURES The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep diary, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used for assessment of insomnia. RESULTS Comparison of the treatment and placebo groups showed a significant decrease in the mean difference of ISI (4.97 ± 4.69 vs. 1.60 ± 3.70; p =; 0.002) and total PSQI (4.14 ± 3.69 vs. 1.42 ± 2.81; p = 0.001) scores in the treatment group. A significant increase was also observed in total sleep time of treatment group (p < 0.001) based on the sleep diary. CONCLUSIONS A combination of M. officinalis and N. menthoides Boiss. & Buhse could be an alternative sleep improvement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ranjbar
- 1 Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
- 2 Research Centre for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Salehi
- 2 Research Centre for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hossein Rezaeizadeh
- 3 Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- 4 Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
- 5 Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
| | - Khosro Sadeghniiat-Haghighi
- 6 Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Mirabzadeh
- 7 Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Firoozabadi
- 2 Research Centre for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
- 8 Hafez Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Shiraz University Medical Sciences , Shiraz, Iran
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Kamali M, Seifadini R, Kamali H, Mehrabani M, Jahani Y, Tajadini H. Efficacy of combination of Viola odorata, Rosa damascena and Coriandrum sativum in prevention of migraine attacks: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Electron Physician 2018; 10:6430-6438. [PMID: 29765566 PMCID: PMC5942562 DOI: 10.19082/6430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Migraine is the second most common type of headache after tension headaches. In Iranian traditional medicine several herbal drugs are used for the treatment of headache. Including, a product of Iranian traditional medicine, a combination of Viola odorata L. flowers, Rosa damascena L. flowers and Coriandrum sativum L. fruits. Objective To determine the effectiveness of a combination of Viola odorata flowers, Rosa damascene flowers and Coriandrum sativum fruits on severity, duration and frequency of migraine headaches. Methods This randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 88 patients who had migraine and visited Besat Neurology Clinic No. 4 at Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran, from September 2016 to march 2017. Patients were randomly divided into the intervention (n=44) or placebo group (n=44). The intervention group received a product of Iranian traditional medicine, a combination of Viola odorata L. flowers, Rosa damascena L. flowers and Coriandrum sativum L. fruits in 500 mg capsules three times a day and propranolol 20mg tablet twice a day, and the control group received placebo capsules (500mg) three times a day and propranolol 20mg tablet twice a day for four weeks. Patients were asked to report the frequency, duration and severity of their headaches in designed forms at home. Then at the end of the 2nd and 4th weeks of treatment, patients were followed for clinical efficacy. Results In terms of duration, frequency and severity of headaches between the two groups of herbal medicine and placebo, the behavior of the two protocols was changed over time (p<0.001). During the 4 weeks, the time and drug interactions, were significant (p <0.001). In other words, the pattern of changes to the two protocols over time, was different. Also, at the end of the 4th week, there was a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001). Conclusion The study findings suggest that the Iranian traditional product combination of Viola odorata flowers, Rosa damascena flowers and Coriandrum sativum fruits may be effective in improving headaches in patients with migraine. Clinical trial registration The trial was registered at the Iranian registry of clinical trials (IRCT: www.irct.ir) with registered NO. IRCT 2016110830776N1. Funding The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadese Kamali
- MD, Persian Medicine Student, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Rostam Seifadini
- MD, Neurologist, Assistant Professor, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hoda Kamali
- MD, Neurologist, Assistant Professor, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Pharmacognosist, Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Yunes Jahani
- PhD of Biostatistics, Assistant Professor, Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Haleh Tajadini
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,MD, PhD of Persian Medicine, Assistant Professor, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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25
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Ahmed M, Azmat A. Decreased brain serotonin turnover rate following administration of Sharbat-e-Ahmed Shah produces antidepressant and anxiolytic effect in rats. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:1785-1790. [PMID: 28687902 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-017-0065-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sharbat-e-Ahmed Shah (SAS) has usually been used in Traditional Unani Medicine (TUM) for depression and insomnia but still not evaluated for its anti-depressant and Neuropharmacological activity. In the present study, a Human dose of SAS (0.6 ml/kg/d) was administered orally to the rats for 15 consecutive days. Antidepressant and anxiolytic were screened scientifically in rats by using Forced swim test and light and dark box test. At the end of study high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method with electrochemical (EC) detector was used for the measurement of blood and brain tryptophan and brain serotonin levels. The present reported results are according to what is known in TUM, where is prescribed as an antidepressant agent. After the administration, SAS (at a human dose for 15 days) reduced the immobility time in rats analogous to Imipramine (positive control) indicating the antidepressant effect of SAS. In the present study, Diazepam or SAS (0.6 ml/kg/day) treated rats stayed in the illuminated side of the light-dark box, as compare to control rats (Veh, 134.62 ± 4.430 s; SAS 0.6 ml/kg, 192.2 ± 8.11 s; DZP 1.0 mg/kg, 205.21.20 ± 10.26 s, p < 0.05). It was also observed that SAS increased the availability of tryptophan in blood and brain and hence increases 5-hydroxytryptamine (Serotonin: 5HT) in the brain. At the end, it was concluded that SAS contains some active principles which increase the availability of neurochemical (tryptophan and 5HT) and decrease the 5HT turnover rate thus causes antidepressant and anxiolytic effects in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aisha Azmat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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26
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Feyzabadi Z, Ghorbani F, Vazani Y, Zarshenas MM. A Critical Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacology of Viola odorata L. and Related Multipotential Products in Traditional Persian Medicine. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1669-1675. [PMID: 28948657 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Common violet (Viola odorata L., Violaceae) has shown various medical applications. Current study aimed to compile a review over chemical composition and medicinal properties of this plant in modern phytotherapy and its related multipotential products from traditional Persian medicine (TPM). Medicinal applications of V. odorata and respective products were derived from credible pharmaceutical textbooks of TPM (10th-18th century AD). In parallel, electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were explored for targeted purposes. Management of cough, fever, common cold, headache, insomnia, epilepsy, constipation, palpitation, dyspnea, dysuria, and skin diseases is of most applications of V. odorata, reported in TPM. On the other side, this herb plant has exerted antiinflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, diuretic, antihypertensive, and antibacterial activities in modern phytotherapy. Violet TPM therapeutic preparations are including violet oil in the form of nasal or topical application for neurologic and skin disorders as well as pill, decoction, sweet syrup, and confection or semisolid oral preparations for skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary ailments. Flavonoids, saponins, and alkaloids are responsible for pharmacological activities. Some medical applications of V. odorata in TPM have been proven by recent studies. However, more studies are needed to confirm these medicinal properties. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohre Feyzabadi
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fariba Ghorbani
- Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Vazani
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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27
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Abolhasanzadeh Z, Ashrafi H, Badr P, Azadi A. Traditional neurotherapeutics approach intended for direct nose to brain delivery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 209:116-123. [PMID: 28733193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nasal delivery systems have a significant role in Persian traditional medicine. Most of them were utilized for central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. In modern medicine, nasal drug delivery systems for brain delivery are highly regarded. AIM OF THE STUDY Despite recent advances in drug delivery to the (CNS), delivery of therapeutics to the brain remains a major challenge because of the blood brain barrier (BBB). There are several mechanisms which regulate the drug transfer across the BBB. Local administration methods of therapeutic agents are often associated with adverse events, while the intranasal pathway has been suggested as a non-invasive alternative route to deliver drugs to the brain. This route can bypass the BBB and deliver drug molecules directly to the CNS. There are different nasal formulations have been addressed in Persian traditional pharmacopeias. The present review attempt to explore the famous and practical Qarabadin to find ancient nasal dosage forms. MATERIALS AND METHODS With an explore on traditional herbs in google scholar, scopus and science direct, we have found some original and review articles which have demonstrated our findings on the use of traditional herbs for CNS disorders. Four encyclopedia of multi-component formulations, including Qarabadin Salehi (1766), Qarabadin kabir (1781),Qarabadin Ghaderi (18th century), and Qarabadin Azam (1853), were searched for nasal formulations having CNS-related indications. Formulations were categorized based on dosage forms, and also, diseases which they were suggested for. While the names of illnesses were in ancient terminology of Traditional Medicine, they were translated to modern medical terminology by comparing their definitions, signs, and symptoms from two medical systems. Typical samples of each dosage form have been mentioned with details like amount of ingredients, scientific names of plants, and considerations pertaining to preparation or usage. RESULTS Among all traditional nasal formulations, seven types were found that is used for sicknesses relating to CNS including Saoot, Nafookh, Atoos, Nashoogh, Shamoom, Lakhlakheh, and Bakhoor. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study reveal the physicochemical characteristics of each formulation, route of administration, and type of disease which they are suitable and also present some famous formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Abolhasanzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hajar Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Parmis Badr
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Phytopharmaceutical Technology and Traditional Medicine Incubator, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Azadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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28
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Fungal endophytes associated with Viola odorata Linn. as bioresource for pancreatic lipase inhibitors. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:385. [PMID: 28774309 PMCID: PMC5543550 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1893-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background As per the recent statistical reports of World Health Organisation (WHO), 13% of total global population is obese. Orlistat remains to be the only drug approved for the long term treatment of obesity. Recent findings highlighted severe adverse effects of orlistat that included hepatotoxicity, gall stones, kidney stones and acute pancreatitis. Therefore, search for new drug is required. The investigations based on endophytic natural products would prove pivotal in the global fight against this health issue. Methods Obesity is associated with lipid metabolism involving pancreatic lipase enzyme. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase is demonstrated by using the extracts of endophytes isolated from Viola odorata Linn. In addition, endophytes were identified using ITS based rDNA sequencing. Results Present study involves the isolation and identification of 27 endophytes from V. odorata. All the endophytes were evaluated for lipase inhibitory activities. The extracts of seven endophytes exhibited lipase inhibitory activity with IC50 < 10 μg/mL. The extract of VOLF4 (Aspergillus sp.) displayed promising lipase inhibitory activity (IC50 3.8 μg/mL). Conclusion The present study demonstrates that V. odorata harbors endophytic community with potent lipase inhibitory activity. VOLF4 is the potential endophyte. The extract of VOLF4 can be used to develop the potential drug to treat obesity.
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Qasemzadeh MJ, Sharifi H, Hamedanian M, Gharehbeglou M, Heydari M, Sardari M, Akhlaghdoust M, Minae MB. The Effect of Viola odorata Flower Syrup on the Cough of Children With Asthma: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med 2015; 20:287-91. [PMID: 25954025 DOI: 10.1177/2156587215584862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of violet syrup on cough alleviation in children with intermittent asthma. In a parallel, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 182 children aged 2 to 12 years with intermittent asthma were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive violet syrup or placebo along with the common standard treatments in both groups (short-acting β-agonist). Both groups were evaluated in terms of the duration until cough suppression was achieved. No significant difference was observed in basic characteristics. The duration lasting to yield more than 50% cough reduction and 100% cough suppression was significantly less in the violet syrup group compared to placebo (P = .001, P < .001, respectively). There was no significant difference in therapeutic effects between boys and girls. There was a significant inverse correlation between the age of children and rate of cough alleviation and suppression by violet syrup. This study showed that the adjuvant use of violet syrup with short-acting β-agonist can enhance the cough suppression in children with intermittent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hosein Sharifi
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Mojtaba Heydari
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sardari
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meisam Akhlaghdoust
- Minimally Invasive Techniques Research Center of Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Minae
- Persian Medicine & Pharmacy Research Center, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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