Effects of Egg Shell Membrane Hydrolysates on Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Wrinkle, Anti-Microbial Activity and Moisture-Protection

Dietary intake of micronized avian eggshell membrane in aged mice reduces circulating inflammatory markers, increases microbiota diversity, and attenuates skeletal muscle aging

Introduction

Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a complex extracellular matrix comprising collagens, glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid. We have previously demonstrated that ESM possesses anti-inflammatory properties in vitro and regulates wound healing processes in vivo. The present study aimed to investigate if oral intake of micronized ESM could attenuate skeletal muscle aging associated with beneficial alterations in gut microbiota profile and reduced inflammation.

Methods

Elderly male C57BL/6 mice were fed an AIN93G diet supplemented with 0, 0.1, 1, or 8% ESM. Young mice were used as reference. The digestibility of ESM was investigated using the static in vitro digestion model INFOGEST for older people and adults, and the gut microbiota profile was analyzed in mice. In addition, we performed a small-scale pre-clinical human study with healthy home-dwelling elderly (>70 years) who received capsules with a placebo or 500 mg ESM every day for 4 weeks and studied the effect on circulating inflammatory markers.

Results and discussion

Intake of ESM in elderly mice impacted and attenuated several well-known hallmarks of aging, such as a reduction in the number of skeletal muscle fibers, the appearance of centronucleated fibers, a decrease in type IIa/IIx fiber type proportion, reduced gene expression of satellite cell markers Sdc3 and Pax7 and increased gene expression of the muscle atrophy marker Fbxo32. Similarly, a transition toward the phenotypic characteristics of young mice was observed for several proteins involved in cellular processes and metabolism. The digestibility of ESM was poor, especially for the elderly condition. Furthermore, our experiments showed that mice fed with 8% ESM had increased gut microbiota diversity and altered microbiota composition compared with the other groups. ESM in the diet also lowered the expression of the inflammation marker TNFA in mice and in vitro in THP-1 macrophages. In the human study, intake of ESM capsules significantly reduced the inflammatory marker CRP. Altogether, our results suggest that ESM, a natural extracellular biomaterial, may be attractive as a nutraceutical candidate with a possible effect on skeletal muscle aging possibly through its immunomodulating effect or gut microbiota.

Exploring the Release of Elastin Peptides Generated from Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bovine Elastin via Peptide Mapping

To enhance the understanding of enzymatic hydrolysis and to accelerate the discovery of key bioactive peptides within enzymatic products, this research focused on elastin as the substrate and investigated the variations in peptide profiles and the production of key bioactive peptides (those exceeding 5% of the total) and their impacts on the biological activity of the hydrolysates. Through the application of advanced analytical techniques, such as stop-flow two-dimensional liquid chromatography and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, the research tracks the release and profiles of peptides within elastin hydrolysates (EHs). Despite uniform peptide compositions, significant disparities in peptide concentrations were detected across the hydrolysates, hinting at varying levels of bioactive efficacy. A comprehensive identification process pinpointed 403 peptides within the EHs, with 18 peptides surpassing 5% in theoretical maximum content, signaling their crucial role in the hydrolysate's bioactivity. Of particular interest, certain peptides containing sequences of alanine, valine, and glycine were released in higher quantities, suggesting Alcalase® 2.4L's preference for these residues. The analysis not only confirms the peptides' dose-responsive elastase inhibitory potential but also underscores the nuanced interplay between peptide content, biological function, and their collective synergy. The study sets the stage for future research aimed at refining enzymatic treatments to fully exploit the bioactive properties of elastin.

In Silico Strategies to Predict Anti-aging Features of Whey Peptides

We have analysed the in silico potential of bioactive peptides from cheese whey, the most relevant by-product from the dairy industry, to bind into the active site of collagenase and elastase. The peptides generated from the hydrolysis of bovine β-lactoglobulin with three proteases (trypsin, chymotrypsin, and subtilisin) were docked onto collagenase and elastase by molecular docking. The interaction models were ranked according to their free binding energy using molecular dynamics simulations, which showed that most complexes presented favourable interactions. Interactions with elastase had significantly lower binding energies than those with collagenase. Regarding the interaction site, it was found that four bioactive peptides were positioned in collagenase's active site, while six were found in elastase's active site. Among these, the most we have found one promising collagen-binding peptide produced by chymotrypsin and two for elastase, produced by subtilisin and chymotrypsin. These in silico results can be used as a tool for designing further experiments aiming at testing the in vitro potential of the peptides found in this work.

Fabrication and evaluation of herbal beads to slow cell ageing

Several therapies and cosmetics are available commercially to prevent or delay cell ageing, which manifests as premature cell death and skin dullness. Use of herbal products such as Aloe vera, curcumin, vitamin C-enriched natural antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory biomolecules are potential ways to prevent or delay ageing. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is also a rich source of collagen; glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) also play an essential role in healing and preventing ageing. It is important to use an extended therapeutic process to prolong the effectiveness of these products, despite the fact that they all have significant anti-ageing properties and the ability to regenerate healthy cells. Encapsulated herbal components are therefore designed to overcome the challenge of ensuring continued treatment over time to prolong the effects of a bioactive component after in situ administration. To study their synergistic effects on a cellular level, alginate, Aloe vera, and orange peel extract were encapsulated in bio-polymeric foaming beads and modified with eggshell membrane protein (ESMP) at various concentrations (1 gm, 2 gm, and 5 gm): (A-Av-OP, A-Av-OP-ESMP1, ESMP2, and ESMP3). Analysis of the structural and functional properties of foaming beads showed interconnected 3D porous structure, a surface-functionalized group for entrapment of ESMP, and a significant reduction in pore size (51-35 m) and porosity (80%-60%). By performing DPPH assays, HRBC stabilization assays, and antibacterial tests, the beads were assessed as a natural anti-ageing product with sustained release of molecules effective against inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and microbial contamination. MTT assays were conducted using in vitro cell cultures to demonstrate cytocompatibility (in mouse 3T3 fibroblast cells) and cytotoxicity (in human carcinoma HeLa cells). Our study demonstrates that bio-polymeric ESMP beads up to 2 g (A-Av-OP-ESMP2) are practical and feasible natural remedies for suspending defective cell pathways, preventing cell ageing, and promoting healthy cell growth, resulting in a viable and practical natural remedy or therapeutic system.

Anti-skin aging activity of eggshell membrane administration and its underlying mechanism

Background

There is active research on developing materials for improving skin function. Eggshell membrane (ESM) is one such raw material that is consumed as a functional food to support skin health. However, studies on the mechanism of improvement of skin function on ingestion of ESM are still lacking.

Objectives

To explore this mechanism of action, we conducted an ultraviolet (UV) irradiation study on a SKH-1 hairless mouse model. Feeding ESM was found to improve skin moisture and reduce wrinkles during 12 weeks of UVB irradiation.

Results

Oral administration of ESM restored moisture in the dorsal skin tissue of mice. In addition, oral ingestion of ESM also reversed the increased transepidermal water loss and reduction of mRNA expression of hyaluronic synthases induced by UVB irradiation. Furthermore, UVB irradiation-induced collagen degradation was inhibited, and the expression of the collagenase MMP was reduced in the ESM intake group compared to the control. These results confirmed that oral ingestion of the ESM has an anti-wrinkle effect. In addition, the mRNA expression of the antioxidant enzyme SOD1, which was reduced on UVB irradiation, was restored on ingestion of the ESM. Restoring the expression of antioxidant enzymes is a key strategy for improving skin function of the ESM.

Conclusion

Taken together, the findings from our study reveal the potential of ESM as a nutricosmetic material with anti-wrinkle and skin moisturizing properties.

High value applications and current commercial market for eggshell membranes and derived bioactives

Chicken eggshell membrane (ESM) is a highly insoluble structure that is greatly stabilized by extensive desmosine, isodesmosine, and disulfide cross-linkages. The ESM possesses numerous biological functions including anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, anti-wrinkle, and antioxidant activities. The ESM is mainly proteinaceous; proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of ESM has identified > 500 proteins, such as collagens, glycoproteins, avian beta-defensins, and lysozyme. ESM also contains significant amounts of carbohydrate, including hyaluronic acid (HA). In general, HA plays an important role in tissue hydration and cellular mechanisms such as growth, differentiation, and transport, and has diverse health and medical applications. Despite ESM being rich in important bioactive compounds, it is often considered as a waste product of the egg-breaking industry and is under-utilized. A major challenge for the successful commercial exploitation of ESM and bioactive constituents is its limited solubility and bioavailability due to cross-linkages of ESM fibers. Various processing and extraction methods are employed to overcome these limitations and improve the production of HA and collagen-based ESM formats. Moreover, we believe that there is a wide scope to exploit ESM for novel applications, leading to new intellectual property (IP) and patenting opportunities. This review presents an overview of scientific background, IP landscape and current commercial market for ESM and derived bioactives including collagens and HA. A detailed literature survey is provided for each area of interest. We analyze regulatory guidelines for ESM, contrasting quality control / microbial safety assessment in cosmetics and personal care products (hazard based) with that of the food industry (risk-based). New perspectives for upcycling of ESM waste to commercially viable high-value biomaterials as nutraceutical supplements and as cosmetics ingredients are discussed. This overview of ESM separation techniques and applications could form the basis for directed research and product development in order to exploit the unique bioactivities of ESM.

Natural Biomaterials from Biodiversity for Healthcare Applications

Natural biomaterials originating during the growth cycles of all living organisms have been used for many applications. They span from bioinert to bioactive materials including bioinspired ones. As they exhibit an increasing degree of sophistication, natural biomaterials have proven suitable to address the needs of the healthcare sector. Here the different natural healthcare biomaterials, their biodiversity sources, properties, and promising healthcare applications are reviewed. The variability of their properties as a result of considered species and their habitat is also discussed. Finally, some limitations of natural biomaterials are discussed and possible future developments are provided as more natural biomaterials are yet to be discovered and studied.

Preservatives from food-For food: Pea protein hydrolysate as a novel bio-preservative against Escherichia coli O157:H7 on a lettuce leaf

Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are becoming particularly popular as healthy fast-food options; however, they present challenges such as accelerated rates of decay and increased risk for contamination when compared to whole produce. Given that food safety must remain paramount for producers and manufacturers, research into novel, natural food preservation solutions which can help to ensure food safety and protect against spoilage is on the rise. In this work, we investigated the potential of using a novel protein hydrolysate, produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis of Pisum sativum (PSH), as a novel bio-preservative and its abilities to reduce populations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 after inoculation on a lettuce leaf. While unhydrolyzed P. sativum proteins show no antimicrobial activity, once digested, and purified, the enzymatically released peptides induced in vitro bactericidal effects on the foodborne pathogen at 8 mg/ml. When applied on an infected lettuce leaf, the PSH significantly reduced the number of bacteria recovered after 2 hr of treatment. PSH may be preferred over other preservation strategies based on its natural, inexpensive, sustainable source, environmentally friendly process, nontoxic nature, good batch to batch consistency, and ability to significantly reduce counts of E. coli both in vitro and in a lettuce leaf.

Avian Eggshell Membrane as a Novel Biomaterial: A Review

The eggshell membrane (ESM), mainly composed of collagen-like proteins, is readily available as a waste product of the egg industry. As a novel biomaterial, ESM is attractive for its applications in the nutraceutical, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical fields. This review provides the main information about the structure and chemical composition of the ESM as well as some approaches for its isolation and solubilization. In addition, the review focuses on the role and performance of bioactive ESM-derived products in various applications, while a detailed literature survey is provided. The evaluation of the safety of ESM is also summarized. Finally, new perspectives regarding the potential of ESM as a novel biomaterial in various engineering fields are discussed. This review provides promising future directions for comprehensive application of ESM.

A review on recent advances of egg byproducts: Preparation, functional properties, biological activities and food applications

The rapid development of egg industries produced vast byproducts that have not been effectively used. In this paper, the comprehensive utilization of egg byproducts was reviewed. Protein extraction and enzymatic hydrolysis were the main used ways for recycle of egg byproducts. The fact that eggshell membrane could accelerate would healing and improve facial skin of healthy people for 12 weeks was found. However, salted egg white had poor functional properties owing to high salt and ultrafiltration was an effective technology to remove 92.93% of salt. Moreover, Defatted yolk protein had the great potential to be used as food additives and functional foods. Other egg byproducts such as egg inhibitor and eggshells also were discussed. The novel applications of egg byproducts in the food field included food additives, feeds, food packaging materials and nutraceuticals based on current knowledge, but the proportion needed to be improved. This paper would provide a new insight for comprehensive utilization of egg byproducts.

State-of-the-Art of Eggshell Waste in Materials Science: Recent Advances in Catalysis, Pharmaceutical Applications, and Mechanochemistry

Eggshell waste is among the most abundant waste materials coming from food processing technologies. Despite the unique properties that both its components (eggshell, ES, and eggshell membrane, ESM) possess, it is very often discarded without further use. This review article aims to summarize the recent reports utilizing eggshell waste for very diverse purposes, stressing the need to use a mechanochemical approach to broaden its applications. The most studied field with regards to the potential use of eggshell waste is catalysis. Upon proper treatment, it can be used for turning waste oils into biodiesel and moreover, the catalytic effect of eggshell-based material in organic synthesis is also very beneficial. In inorganic chemistry, the eggshell membrane is very often used as a templating agent for nanoparticles production. Such composites are suitable for application in photocatalysis. These bionanocomposites are also capable of heavy metal ions reduction and can be also used for the ozonation process. The eggshell and its membrane are applicable in electrochemistry as well. Due to the high protein content and the presence of functional groups on the surface, ESM can be easily converted to a high-performance electrode material. Finally, both ES and ESM are suitable for medical applications, as the former can be used as an inexpensive Ca2+ source for the development of medications, particles for drug delivery, organic matrix/mineral nanocomposites as potential tissue scaffolds, food supplements and the latter for the treatment of joint diseases, in reparative medicine and vascular graft producing. For the majority of the above-mentioned applications, the pretreatment of the eggshell waste is necessary. Among other options, the mechanochemical pretreatment has found an inevitable place. Since the publication of the last review paper devoted to the mechanochemical treatment of eggshell waste, a few new works have appeared, which are reviewed here to underline the sustainable character of the proposed methodology. The mechanochemical treatment of eggshell is capable of producing the nanoscale material which can be further used for bioceramics synthesis, dehalogenation processes, wastewater treatment, preparation of hydrophobic filters, lithium-ion batteries, dental materials, and in the building industry as cement.

Cellular Function of Annexin A1 Protein Mimetic Peptide Ac2-26 in Human Skin Keratinocytes HaCaT and Fibroblast Detroit 551 Cells

Inflammation of the skin is the most common dermatological problem in human. The anti-inflammatory mediated responses of the skin cells provide a mechanism for combating these conditions. Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is one of the proteins that has been shown to have a potent anti-inflammatory effect. However, the effects and mechanisms of AnxA1 in skin keratinocyte and fibroblast have not been reported yet. In the current study, we hypothesized that Ac2-26, AnxA1 mimetic peptide, ameliorates inflammation and wrinkle formation in human skin cells. Therefore, we aimed to identify whether Ac2-26 has anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkle effects in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) and fibroblast (Detroit 551) cells, respectively. Human HaCaT cells were stimulated by TNF-α/IFN-γ with or without Ac2-26, to identify the anti-inflammatory effect. Human Detroit 551 cells were treated with Ac2-26 to verify the anti-wrinkle effect. Initially, cell cytotoxicity was carried out in each cell line treated using Ac2-26 by MTT assay. Human MDA, IL-8, and procollagen secretion were detected by ELISA assay. The inflammatory chemokines were measured by qRT-PCR analysis. To demonstrate the mechanism, MAPK, NF-κB, JAK/STAT, and MMPs were analyzed by Western blotting. As a result, we identified that Ac2-26 significantly decreased the expression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated pro-inflammatory chemokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, MDC, TARC, and TNF-α, by inhibiting the activation of MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT pathway in TNF-α/IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT human keratinocytes. In addition, we also identified that Ac2-26 significantly induced collagen synthesis by generating pro-collagen, and suppressed collagen degradation by inhibiting the collagenase MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression. Collectively, these results suggest that Ac2-26 shows anti-inflammatory and anti-wrinkling effect. These effects may lead to the development of preventive and therapeutic application for inflammation-related skin disease and wrinkle formation.

A novel eco-friendly green approach to produce particalized eggshell membrane (PEM) for skin health applications

The eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural bioactive material, which is increasingly utilized for various biomedical applications. However, the poor solubility of ESM limits the bioavailability of its constituents and reduces the expression of their potential bioactivity. In this study, we utilized an innovative green strategy to separate ESM from shell, and processed ESM for size reduction by cryo-grinding and homogenization to produce particalized eggshell membrane (PEM) approaching submicron dimensions, with enhanced anti-inflammatory activity and increased antimicrobial activity against skin associated pathogens. Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (log₁₀ reduction = 4.5 ± 0.3) was more sensitive to PEM as compared to Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (log₁₀ reduction = 2.1 ± 0.3). PEM elicited a dose-dependent reduction in NO accumulation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, suggesting an anti-inflammatory response to ESM particles. These findings suggest that processed PEM possesses great potential as a topical ingredient in skincare applications to maintain skin health by reducing bacterial infections and inflammation.

The effect of oral hydrolyzed eggshell membrane on the appearance of hair, skin, and nails in healthy middle-aged adults: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial

BACKGROUND

Many over the counter and consumer packaged goods are promoted to enhance the appearance of hair, skin, and nails for the consumer. Nutrition is a major factor in affecting the health and appearance of hair, skin, and nails. In addition to how one eats, dietary supplementation may play a role in overall health and in the physical appearance.

AIMS

It was the aim of this study to objectively and subjectively evaluate the impacts of a nutritional intervention as compared to placebo on the appearances of hair, skin, and nails in healthy middle-aged adults.

METHODS

Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study with 88 subjects randomized evenly to Study Product (BiovaBio™ 450 mg/d, n = 44) or Placebo (n = 44) for 12-weeks. Outcome tests included TrichoScan HD (hair), Canfield Visia^® -CR (skin), modified FACE-Q (skin), and anchored Likert Scales (nails).

RESULTS

Oral hydrolyzed eggshell membrane ingestion was associated with a significant improvement in facial skin appearance in crow's feet in 4 weeks and skin tone in 8 weeks, with significant impact on hair thickness, reduction in hair breakage and improvement in hair growth at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. There were no observed subjective improvements for nails (appearance, strength or growth).

CONCLUSIONS

Oral supplementation of 450 mg/d hydrolyzed eggshell membrane for 12 weeks is associated with improvement in the appearance of facial skin and hair.

Bioactive Egg Proteins

The nutritional excellence of chicken egg is derived from its task as a life-giving medium, supplying the necessary nutrients to the hen's embryo while protecting it from external threats. Additionally, egg proteins possess unique biological activities above and beyond their known functional and nutritional roles. In the last few decades, extensive research has been done to evaluate the various biological activities of egg proteins and protein-derived peptides. Egg proteins and protein-derived peptides have been attributed to diverse biological activities, the most well-known being their antimicrobial properties. However, egg proteins and peptides have been shown to have other biological activities, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and protease inhibitory activity. Egg-derived bioactive proteins have had a relevant scientific impact and exhibit promising applicability as an ingredient for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals. However, it is critical to understand the effects of these proteins in signaling pathways to delineate their molecular mechanisms of action. Further studies are required to fill the current knowledge gaps. Therefore, the purpose of the chapter is to illustrate the present knowledge of the bioactivity of different egg proteins and their physiological effects.

Beneficial Effects of Oral Supplementation With Ovoderm on Human Skin Physiology: Two Pilot Studies

Collagens and hyaluronic acid have long been used in pharmaceuticals and food supplements for the improvement of skin elasticity and hydration. These compounds provide the building blocks of the skin. Ovoderm is an oral supplement obtained from eggshells that contains naturally occurring collagen and glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid. We evaluated the efficacy of Ovoderm on skin biophysical parameters related to cutaneous aging such as elasticity, hydration, and pigmentation. Two pilot studies were run to assess the effect of daily oral supplementation with 300 mg Ovoderm on skin parameters. The first consisted of a self-assessment questionnaire intended to perform an assessment on skin, hair, and nail health after 50 days of treatment. The second measured the effect of 5-week treatment on hydration by corneometry, on elasticity with the cutometer, and on pigmentation with the mexameter. In the pilot study 1, participants were predominantly satisfied with the effects obtained on general face (100% volunteers satisfied) and body (94% volunteers satisfied) skin condition and skin properties (100% volunteers satisfied with facial skin softness, 94% with facial skin hydration, and 89% with body skin hydration) and partly with effects on hair (67% volunteers satisfied) and nail (50% volunteers satisfied) condition. The study 2 revealed a statistically significant improvement in skin elasticity (12% increase, p =.0136), a tendency to reduce skin pigmentation (5% decrease), and no significant change in skin hydration. Our study reflects that oral supplementation with Ovoderm is efficacious to reduce the gradual loss of skin elasticity characteristic of aged skin, which helps to improve the appearance of the skin.

The extracellular matrix of eggshell displays anti-inflammatory activities through NF-κB in LPS-triggered human immune cells

Avian eggshell membrane (ESM) is a natural biomaterial that has been used as an alternative natural bandage on burned and cut skin injuries for >400 years in Asian countries, and is available in large quantities from egg industries. Our aim was to characterize ESM that was separated and processed from egg waste, and to study whether this material possesses anti-inflammatory properties, making it suitable as an ingredient in industrial production of low cost wound healing products. Our results show that the processed ESM particles retain a fibrous structure similar to that observed for the native membrane, and contain collagen, and carbohydrate components such as hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycans, as well as N-glycans, mostly with uncharged structures. Furthermore, both processed ESM powder and the ESM-derived carbohydrate fraction had immunomodulation properties in monocytes and macrophage-like cells. Under inflammatory conditions induced by lipopolysaccharide, the ESM powder and the isolated carbohydrate fraction reduced the activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB. The expression of the immune regulating receptors toll-like receptor 4 and ICAM-1, as well as the cell surface glycoprotein CD44, all important during inflammation response, were down-regulated by these fractions. Interestingly, our experiments show that the two fractions regulated cytokine secretion differently: ESM depressed inflammation by increased secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 while the carbohydrate fraction reduced secretions of the pro inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Also, the phosphorylation of p65 and p50 subunits of nuclear factor-κB, as well as nuclear localization, differed between processed ESM powder and carbohydrate fraction, suggesting different down-stream regulation during inflammation. In conclusion, processed ESM powder and its soluble carbohydrate components possess anti-inflammatory properties, demonstrating the potential of ESM as a novel biological wound dressing for treatment of chronic inflammatory wounds.

Effects of Egg Shell Membrane Hydrolysates on UVB-radiation-induced Wrinkle Formation in SKH-1 Hairless Mice

This study was conducted to examine the effect of egg shell membrane hydrolysates (ESMH) on wrinkle, UV, and moisture protection for cosmetic use. ESMH were fragmented as whole ESMH (before fractioning), Fraction I (> 10 kDa), Fraction II (3-10 kDa), and Fraction III (< 3 kDa). In order to test whether fractionated ESMH can be used for functional cosmetic materials, we examined not only the level of hyaluronic acid and collagen production, but also the MMP-1 activity using a HaCaT and CCD-986Sk cell line. Our study treated each sample of fractionated ESMH with different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1 mg/mL). In our in vivo research, we used hairless mice that had been exposed to UV-B to induce wrinkles for 7 wk, then applied Fraction I to the treatment group for 5 wk and then tested skin thickness, minimum erythema dose and moisture content. In addition, Fraction I was high in collagen and HA biosynthesis and it was better than TGF-β in improving of the skin. When TNF-α caused MMP-1 activity in the CCD-986Sk cells, the whole ESMH and Fraction I proved to be effective in hindering the induction of collagenase depending on the concentration, and also showed outstanding effects in the suppression of skin aging. We found that the treatment group mice’s UV-B radiation-induced skin damage was largely mitigated compared to that of the non-treatment group mice. Thus, we have concluded that EMSH helps to mitigate UV-B radiation-induced wrinkles, collagen, HA, MMP-1 activity and can be used for functional cosmetic materials.