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Anastassopoulou C, Ferous S, Medić S, Siafakas N, Boufidou F, Gioula G, Tsakris A. Vaccines for the Elderly and Vaccination Programs in Europe and the United States. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:566. [PMID: 38932295 PMCID: PMC11209271 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The share of the elderly population is growing worldwide as life expectancy increases. Immunosenescence and comorbidities increase infectious diseases' morbidity and mortality in older adults. Here, we aimed to summarize the latest findings on vaccines for the elderly against herpes zoster, influenza, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), COVID-19, and pneumococcal disease and to examine vaccine recommendation differences for this age group in Europe and the United States. PubMed was searched using the keywords "elders" and "vaccine" alongside the disease/pathogen in question and paraphrased or synonymous terms. Vaccine recommendations were also sought in the European and US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention databases. Improved vaccines, tailored for the elderly, mainly by using novel adjuvants or by increasing antigen concentration, are now available. Significant differences exist between immunization policies, especially between European countries, in terms of the recipient's age, number of doses, vaccination schedule, and implementation (mandatory or recommended). Understanding the factors that influence the immune response to vaccination in the elderly may help to design vaccines that offer long-term protection for this vulnerable age group. A consensus-based strategy in Europe could help to fill the gaps in immunization policy in the elderly, particularly regarding vaccination against RSV and pneumococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Anastassopoulou
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Stefanos Ferous
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
| | - Snežana Medić
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Institute of Public Health of Vojvodina, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nikolaos Siafakas
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Attikon General Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Fotini Boufidou
- Neurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece;
| | - Georgia Gioula
- Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (S.F.); (A.T.)
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Wu M, Liu J, Wang X, Zhang X, Liang T, Chen L, Huang T, Li Y, Zheng C, Yang Y, Wang J, Yu X, Guo L, Yang J, Ren L. Profiling of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody-associated antigenic peptides signature using proteome microarray. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e361. [PMID: 37667740 PMCID: PMC10475218 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The profile of antibodies against antigenic epitopes of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during neutralizing antibody (NAb) decay has not been clarified. Using a SARS-CoV-2 proteome microarray that contained viral antigenic peptides, we analyzed the characteristics of the humoral response in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) in a longitudinal study. A total of 89 patients were recruited, and 226 plasma samples were serially collected in 2020. In the antigenic peptide microarray, the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies against peptides within the S2 subunit (S-82) and a conserved gene region in variants of interest, open reading frame protein 10 (ORF10-3), were closely associated with the presence of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs. In an independent evaluation cohort of 232 plasma samples collected from 116 COVID-19 cases in 2020, S82-IgG titers were higher in NAbs-positive samples (p = 0.002) than in NAbs-negative samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We further collected 66 plasma samples from another cohort infected by Omicron BA.1 virus in 2022. Compared with the samples with lower S82-IgG titers, NAb titers were significantly higher in the samples with higher S82-IgG titers (p = 0.04). Our findings provide insights into the understanding of the decay-associated signatures of SARS-CoV-2 NAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Wu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiangfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xinming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Te Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Lan Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Tingxuan Huang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yanan Li
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Chang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Yehong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jianwei Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research CenterNational Center for Protein Sciences‐Beijing (PHOENIX Center)Beijing Institute of LifeomicsBeijingChina
| | - Li Guo
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Juntao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Lili Ren
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens and Christophe Mérieux LaboratoryInstitute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease PathogenomicsChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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Yoo J, Kim Y, Cha YM, Lee J, Jeong YJ, Kim SH, Maragakis LL, Lee S. Heterologous vaccination (ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2) induces a better immune response against the omicron variant than homologous vaccination. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1537-1543. [PMID: 37562081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has seen the emergence of numerous novel variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. In this study, we compared the efficacy of three different forms of immunization against the wild-type, delta, and omicron variants of the virus: two doses of the BNT or AZ vaccine (BNT/BNT or AZ/AZ) as homologous vaccination, three doses of AZ/AZ/BNT as heterologous vaccination, and naturally occurring immunization in severe COVID-19 cases. METHODS We collected serum samples from vaccine recipients (67 receiving BNT/BNT, 111 receiving AZ/AZ, and 18 receiving AZ/AZ/BNT) and 46 patients who were admitted to the hospital with severe COVID-19. Blood samples were taken one month after the last injection and the efficacy of the vaccination was determined using the surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT), with a positive result defined as an inhibition rate of over 30%. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients were taken at various points during their hospitalization and tested for inhibition rates. RESULTS Our results indicated that there was no notable difference in the levels of neutralizing antibodies (nAb) in vaccine recipients and patients against the wild-type and delta variants. However, when it came to the omicron variant, the vaccine recipients had significantly lower nAb titers. Among the vaccine recipients, those who received a booster dose of BNT after their first two doses of AZ (AZ/AZ/BNT) demonstrated the highest level of protection against the omicron variant at 44.4%, followed closely by the COVID-19 patients. In analyzing the serial samples taken from hospitalized COVID-19 patients, we observed that their inhibition rates against the wild-type and delta variants improved over time, while the inhibition rate against the omicron variant decreased. CONCLUSION In conclusion, our findings suggest that heterologous booster vaccination after primary vaccination produces higher nAb titers and provides a higher level of protection against the omicron variant compared to primary vaccination alone. This protective effect was similar to that observed in patients with severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Yoo
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Younjeong Kim
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yu Mi Cha
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaewoong Lee
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Jeong
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Si-Hyun Kim
- Division of Infectious diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lisa L Maragakis
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Seungok Lee
- Laboratory medicine, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea.
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Chen X, Hong J, Deng L, Weng H, Huang T, Wang L, Ou A, Li Y, Yu B, Guo J, Yang J. Association between levels of IgG antibodies from vaccines and Omicron symptomatic infection among children and adolescents in China. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1240340. [PMID: 37706028 PMCID: PMC10495586 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1240340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Measurements of IgG antibodies to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens can assess vaccine efficacy, but the absolute risk of Omicron symptomatic infection at different IgG levels for children and adolescents remains uncertain, as well as the minimum effective antibody level. We sought to determine the relationship between the tertiles of IgG antibodies to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens and children with symptomatic infection of the pandemic and duration to negative conversion in China for the first time. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including 168 participants under 18 years old from the No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, China, diagnosed with Omicron variant BA.2.38 between July 8, 2022, and August 2, 2022. We calculated odds ratios (OR) in univariate and multivariate regression to assess the association of symptomatic infection with the tertiles of IgG, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the relationship between IgG level and negative conversion time. Results The average age of the 168 children included in this study was 7.2 (4.7) years old, 133 (79.2%) were symptomatic patients, and the average negative conversion time was 12.2 (3.5) days. The participants with high IgG levels were less likely to become symptomatic, had a shorter turnaround time, and had higher values of IgM and nucleic acid CT. Compared to those with the lowest tertile of IgG, patients with the highest tertile had a 91% lower risk of developing a symptomatic infection after fully adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.02-0.36, p = 0.001). There's no robust relationship between IgG level and negative conversion time in multivariate Cox regression. Conclusion The risk of developing a symptomatic infection can be predicted independently by tertiles of IgG antibodies to wild-type SARS-CoV-2 antigens. High IgG levels can inhibit viral replication, vastly reduce the risk of symptomatic infections and promote a virus-negative conversion, especially when IgG quantitative detection was ≥3.44 S/CO, a potential threshold for protection and booster strategy in the future. More data and research are needed in the future to validate the predictive models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaorong Luo’s Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Hong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Deng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaorong Luo’s Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Teng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaorong Luo’s Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Lab, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aihua Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxia Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Surgery, The No.2 People's Hospital of Lanzhou, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianwen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Xiaorong Luo’s Renowned Expert Inheritance Studio, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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5
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Gonzales MLAM, Dans LF, Tan-Lim CSC, Uy E, Cutiongco-dela Paz E, Sulit MVV, Alejandria MM, Lansang MAD, Dans AL, Dator MA, Cordero CP, Pardilla GF. Durability and extent of protection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among patients with COVID-19 in Metro Manila, Philippines. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190093. [PMID: 37457735 PMCID: PMC10338854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Information on the magnitude and durability of humoral immunity against COVID-19 among specific populations can guide policies on vaccination, return from isolation and physical distancing measures. The study determined the durability of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after an initial infection among Filipinos in Metro Manila, Philippines, and the extent of protection SARS-CoV-2 antibodies confer against reinfection. Methods We conducted a cohort study to monitor the antibody levels of patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific antibodies were measured at Days 21, 90, 180, 270 and 360. Antibody levels were reported as geometric mean titers (GMT) with geometric standard deviation (GSD). Differences in GMT were tested using Friedman test and Kruskal Wallis test, with Bonferroni multiple comparisons procedure. Adjusted hazard ratios on the development of probable reinfection were estimated using Cox proportional models. Results There were 307 study participants included in the study, with 13 dropouts. Study participants received SARS-CoV-2 vaccines at varying times, with 278 participants (90.5%) fully vaccinated by the end of study. The GMT of the study cohort increased over time, from 19.7 U/mL (GSD 11) at Day 21; to 284.5 U/mL (GSD 9.6) at Day 90; 1,061 U/mL (GSD 5.3) at Day 180; 2,003 U/mL (GSD 6.7) at Day 270; and 8,403 U/mL (GSD 3.1) at Day 360. The increase was statistically significant from Day 21 to Day 90 (p<0.0001), Day 90 to Day 180 (p=0.0005), and Day 270 to Day 360 (p<0.0001). Participants with more severe initial infection demonstrated significantly higher antibody levels compared to those with milder infection at Day 21. Sixty-four patients had probable COVID-19 reinfection (incidence of 20.8%, 95% CI 16.4, 25.8%). The GMT of these 64 patients was 411.8 U/mL (GSD 6.9) prior to the occurrence of the probable reinfection. Majority (87.5%) were fully vaccinated. Antibody titers significantly affected the risk of developing reinfection, with adjusted hazard ratio of 0.994, 95% CI 0.992-0.996, p<0.001. Conclusion Antibody levels against SARS-CoV-2 increased over a one-year follow-up. Higher antibody levels were observed among those with more severe initial infection and those vaccinated. Higher antibody levels are associated with a lower risk of probable reinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leonila F. Dans
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Carol Stephanie C. Tan-Lim
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Elenore Uy
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare, Manila, Philippines
| | - Eva Cutiongco-dela Paz
- Institute of Human Genetics, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Maria Vanessa V. Sulit
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Marissa M. Alejandria
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Mary Ann D. Lansang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Antonio L. Dans
- College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Melissa A. Dator
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Cynthia P. Cordero
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Gina F. Pardilla
- Manila Health Department Delpan Evacuation Center Quarantine Facility, Manila, Philippines
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Piubelli C, Ruggiero A, Calciano L, Mazzi C, Castilletti C, Tiberti N, Caldrer S, Verzè M, Longoni SS, Accordini S, Bisoffi Z, Zipeto D. Subjects who developed SARS-CoV-2 specific IgM after vaccination show a longer humoral immunity and a lower frequency of infection. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104471. [PMID: 36796232 PMCID: PMC9925293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously shown that eliciting SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM after vaccination is associated with higher levels of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing IgG. This study aims to assess whether IgM development is also associated with longer-lasting immunity. METHODS We analysed anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein IgG and IgM (IgG-S, IgM-S), and anti-nucleocapsid IgG (IgG-N) in 1872 vaccinees at different time points: before the first dose (D1; w0), before the second dose (D2; w3) at three (w6) and 23 weeks (w29) after D2; moreover, 109 subjects were further tested at the booster dose (D3, w44), at 3 weeks (w47) and 6 months (w70) after D3. Two-level linear regression models were used to evaluate the differences in IgG-S levels. FINDINGS In subjects who had no evidence of a previous infection at D1 (non-infected, NI), IgM-S development after D1 and D2 was associated with higher IgG-S levels at short (w6, p < 0.0001) and long (w29, p < 0.001) follow-up. Similar IgG-S levels were observed after D3. The majority (28/33, 85%) of the NI subjects who had developed IgM-S in response to vaccination did not experience infection. INTERPRETATION The development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM-S following D1 and D2 is associated with higher IgG-S levels. Most individuals who developed IgM-S never became infected, suggesting that IgM elicitation may be associated with a lower risk of infection. FUNDING "Fondi Ricerca Corrente" and "Progetto Ricerca Finalizzata" COVID-2020 (Italian Ministry of Health); FUR 2020 Department of Excellence 2018-2022 (MIUR, Italy); the Brain Research Foundation Verona.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Piubelli
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Lucia Calciano
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Cristina Mazzi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Natalia Tiberti
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Sara Caldrer
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Matteo Verzè
- Health Department, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Silvia Stefania Longoni
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Simone Accordini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Zeno Bisoffi
- Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases and Microbiology, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar (Verona), Italy
| | - Donato Zipeto
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Kodde C, Tafelski S, Balamitsa E, Nachtigall I, Bonsignore M. Factors Influencing Antibody Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020451. [PMID: 36851326 PMCID: PMC9967627 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination plays a key role in tackling the ongoing SARS-CoV-2 pandemic but data regarding the individual's protective antibody level are still pending. Our aim is to identify factors that influence antibody response following vaccination in healthcare workers. This single-center study was conducted at Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, Germany. Healthcare workers were invited to answer a questionnaire about their vaccinations and adverse reactions. Subsequently, the level of anti-receptor binding domain (RBD) IgG antibody against SARS-CoV-2's spike protein through blood samples was measured. For statistics, we used a defined correlation of protection (CoP) and examined risk factors associated with being below the given CoP. A total of 645 employees were included and most were female (n = 481, 77.2%). A total of 94.2% participants had received two doses of vaccines (n = 587) and 12.4% (n = 720) had been infected at least once. Most common prime-boost regimen was BNT162b2 + BNT162b2 (57.9%, n = 361). Age (p < 0.001), days since vaccination (p = 0.007), and the homologous vaccination regimen with ChAdOx + ChAdOx (p = 0.004) were risk factors for the antibody level being below the CoP, whereas any previous COVID-19 infection (p < 0.001), the number of vaccines (p = 0.016), and physical complaints after vaccination (p = 0.01) were associated with an antibody level above the CoP. Thus, age, vaccination regimen, days since vaccination, and previous infection influence the antibody level. These risk factors should be considered for booster and vaccinations guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrin Kodde
- Department of Respiratory Diseases “Heckeshorn”, Helios Hospital Emil-von-Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Sascha Tafelski
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Efthimia Balamitsa
- Center for Hygiene, Evangelische Kliniken Gelsenkirchen, 45879 Gelsenkirchen, Germany
| | - Irit Nachtigall
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Helios Hospital Emil-von-Behring, 14165 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marzia Bonsignore
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Prevention, Helios Hospitals Duisburg, 47166 Duisburg, Germany
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Helios Universitätsklinikum Wuppertal, University of Witten/Herdecke, 42283 Wuppertal, Germany
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Performance Evaluation of RapiSure (EDGC) COVID-19 S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test for the Rapid Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13040643. [PMID: 36832131 PMCID: PMC9955181 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate detection of anti-neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies can aid in the understanding of the development of protective immunity against COVID-19. This study evaluated the diagnostic performance of the RapiSure (EDGC) COVID-19 S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test. Using the 90% plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT90) as a reference, 200 serum samples collected from 78 COVID-19-positive and 122 COVID-19-negative patients were divided into 76 PRNT90-positive and 124 PRNT90-negative groups. The ability of the RapiSure test to detect antibodies was compared to that of the STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus test and that of PRNT90. The positive, negative, and overall percent agreement between the RapiSure and STANDARD Q test was 95.7%, 89.3%, and 91.5%, respectively, with a Cohen's kappa of 0.82. The RapiSure neutralizing antibody test results revealed a sensitivity of 93.4% and a specificity of 100% compared to the PRNT results, with an overall percent agreement of 97.5% and Cohen's kappa of 0.95. The diagnostic performance of the RapiSure test was in good agreement with the STANDARD Q COVID-19 IgM/IgG Plus test and comparable to that of the PRNT. The RapiSure S1 RBD IgG/Neutralizing Ab Test was found to be convenient and reliable and, thus, can provide valuable information for rapid clinical decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Wen GP, Zhu M, Li LR, Li XJ, Ye HM, Zhou YL. Homologous booster immunization with an inactivated vaccine induced robust antibody response in healthcare workers: A retrospective study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1099629. [PMID: 36817474 PMCID: PMC9935570 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1099629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) severely impacted the health, society, and economy around the world. With declining protective efficacy of primary vaccination and the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, a Covid-19 booster vaccination is being fully implemented globally. Many people received three doses of BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine in China and other developing countries. However, the antibody response and immune persistence of the homologous BBIBP-CorV booster vaccination is yet to be thoroughly evaluated, as previous studies focused within one month after the third dose. In this study, 97 participants were enrolled to analyze the antibody response and immune persistence within 6 months as well as the safety within 7 days after the third-dose of homologous BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine. The seroconversion rate for total antibody against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein were both 100% at month 1 and month 6 after the third dose. The IgG against the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein seroconversion rate increased from 42.27% before the third dose to 100% 1 month after the third dose and then slightly decreased to 98.97% 5 months later. Positive IgM against the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein was rare and was observed in only one participant at month 1 after the third dose. The neutralizing antibody levels at month 1 and month 6 after the third dose increased 63.32-fold and 13.16-fold compared with those before the third dose, and the positive rate for neutralizing antibody was still 100% at month 6 after the third dose. Importantly, the antibody responses induced by the vaccine and immune persistence were not affected by sex or age. No serious adverse reactions were reported. Total antibody and IgG against the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein were highly correlated with neutralizing antibody, suggesting that total antibody and IgG against the RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein could be used as predictors for neutralizing antibody. In conclusion, the third dose of homologous BBIBP-CorV inactivated vaccine induced a robust antibody response and moderate immune persistence. These finding are of great significance for development future vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ping Wen
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Li-Rong Li
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu-Juan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Hui-Ming Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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10
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Xu QY, Zheng XQ, Jia ZJ, Wu MJ, Liu YY, Liu LL, Lin LR, Yang TC. Developing new COVID-19 vaccine against the variants is urgently needed rather than boosters: A longitudinal cohort study. J Infect 2023; 86:e55-e57. [PMID: 36108784 PMCID: PMC9468053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China,Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | | | - Yan-Yun Liu
- Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd, Xiamen, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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11
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Xu QY, Xie L, Zheng XQ, Liang XM, Jia ZJ, Liu YY, Liang XY, Liu LL, Yang TC, Lin LR. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM Secondary Response Was Suppressed by Preexisting Immunity in Vaccinees: A Prospective, Longitudinal Cohort Study over 456 Days. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11010188. [PMID: 36680032 PMCID: PMC9862995 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To obtain more insight into IgM in anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity a prospective cohort study was carried out in 32 volunteers to longitudinally profile the kinetics of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM response induced by administration of a three-dose inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine regimen at 19 serial time points over 456 days. The first and second doses were considered primary immunization, while the third dose was considered secondary immunization. IgM antibodies showed a low secondary response that was different from the other three antibodies (neutralizing, total, and IgG antibodies). There were 31.25% (10/32) (95% CI, 14.30-48.20%) of participants who never achieved a positive IgM antibody conversion over 456 days after vaccination. The seropositivity rate of IgM antibodies was 68.75% (22/32) (95% CI, 51.80-85.70%) after primary immunization. Unexpectedly, after secondary immunization the seropositivity response rate was only 9.38% (3/32) (95% CI, 1.30-20.10%), which was much lower than that after primary immunization (p = 0.000). Spearman's correlation analysis indicated a poor correlation of IgM antibodies with the other three antibodies. IgM response in vaccinees was completely different from the response patterns of neutralizing, total, and IgG antibodies following both the primary immunization and the secondary immunization and was suppressed by pre-existing immunity induced by primary immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yan Xu
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zheng
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Xian-Ming Liang
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Zhi-Juan Jia
- Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yan-Yun Liu
- Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liang
- Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Li-Li Liu
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
- Correspondence: (T.-C.Y.); (L.-R.L.)
| | - Li-Rong Lin
- Centre of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
- Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361004, China
- Correspondence: (T.-C.Y.); (L.-R.L.)
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12
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Magen H, Avigdor A, Nevo L, Fried S, Gibori A, Levin EG, Lustig Y, Shkury E, Rahav G. Anti-RBD IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibody levels after the second BNT162b2 dose in patients with plasma cell disorders. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284925. [PMID: 37126496 PMCID: PMC10150979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with plasma cell disorders (PCD) are at an increased risk for severe morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19. Recent data have suggested that patients with hematological malignancies, including those with PCD, have suboptimal antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination. We compared the antibody titers of 213 patients with PCD to those of 213 immunocompetent healthcare workers after the second vaccine dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Blood samples were taken 2-4 weeks after the second vaccination and analyzed for anti-receptor binding-domain immunoglobulin G (RBD-IgG) antibodies and neutralizing antibodies (NA). At a median of 20 days after the second vaccine dose, 172 patients (80.8%) developed anti-RBD-IgG antibodies with a geometric mean titer (GMT) of 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-3.1). In the control group 210 (98.9%) developed anti-RBD-IgG antibodies after a median of 21 days, with a GMT of 5.17 (95%CI, 4.8-5.6), p<0.0001. NA were observed in 151 patients with MM (70.9%) and in 210 controls (98.9%). The GMT of NA in patients with MM and controls was 84.4 (95% CI, 59.0-120.6), and 420.2 (95% CI, 341.4-517.1), respectively (p<0.0001). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that the number of prior therapy lines and age were significant predictors of poor humoral response among patients with MM. Injection site reaction, headache and fatigue were the most common adverse events after vaccination. Adverse events were less common in patients with MM than in controls. In conclusion, a significant percentage of patients with MM developed protecting NA to the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, which appears to be safe in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Magen
- Division of Hematology and Bone-Marrow Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Abraham Avigdor
- Division of Hematology and Bone-Marrow Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lee Nevo
- Division of Hematology and Bone-Marrow Transplantation, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shalev Fried
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amit Gibori
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Einav G Levin
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Infection Prevention and Control Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Yaniv Lustig
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Central Virology Laboratory, Israel Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Eden Shkury
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Infectious Disease Unit and Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
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13
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El-Ghitany EM, Hashish MH, Farghaly AG, Omran EA. Determining the SARS-CoV-2 Anti-Spike Cutoff Level Denoting Neutralizing Activity Using Two Commercial Kits. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1952. [PMID: 36423048 PMCID: PMC9699632 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The viral neutralization assay is the gold standard to estimate the level of immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This study analyzes the correlation between the quantitative Anti-SARS-CoV-2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) and the NeutraLISA neutralization assay. METHODS 650 serum samples were tested for both SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike (anti-S) immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) using kits by EUROIMMUN, Germany. RESULTS There was a significant correlation between levels of anti-S and nAbs (Spearman's rho = 0.913). Among the positive samples for anti-S, 77.0% (n = 345) were positive for nAbs. There was a substantial agreement between anti-S and nAbs (Cohen's kappa coefficient = 0.658; agreement of 83.38%). Considering NeutraLISA as a gold standard, anti-S had a sensitivity of 98.57%, specificity of 65.66%, NPV of 97.5%, and PPV of 77.0%. When the anti-S titer was greater than 18.1 RU/mL (57.9 BAU/mL), nAbs were positive, with a sensitivity of 90.0% and specificity of 91%. CONCLUSIONS A titer of SARS-CoV-2 anti-S IgG can be correlated with levels of nAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy Mohamed El-Ghitany
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Mona H. Hashish
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Azza Galal Farghaly
- Department of Tropical Health, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
| | - Eman A. Omran
- Department of Microbiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
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14
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Xie L, Xu QY, Zheng XQ, Xue JH, Niu JJ, Yang TC. Evaluation of the efficacy of four anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies after vaccination using kits from two manufacturers: A prospective, longitudinal, cohort study at 11 serial time points within 160 days. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109285. [PMID: 36182874 PMCID: PMC9515333 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The accuracy of level of anti- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies is a great concern. We aimed to compare the efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection kits from two manufacturers in evaluating the efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. METHODS The immune responses and consistency of four anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were evaluated using two manufacturers' antibody kits (A and B) in 61 subjects within 160 days after vaccination with the CoronaVac vaccine. RESULTS The total seropositivity rates of neutralizing antibodies and IgM antibodies detected by kit A were higher than those detected by kit B (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, the total seropositivity rates of total antibodies and IgG antibodies were higher in kit B than kit A (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The consistency rates showed less than 90% agreement between the kits for the detection of the four antibodies, and the κ score showed moderate or substantial consistency. The half-lives of neutralizing antibodies, total antibodies, and IgG antibodies within 160 days after vaccination, detected by kit A were 63.88 days, 80.50 days, and 63.70 days, respectively and by kit B were 97.06 days, 65.41 days, and 77.99 days, respectively. CONCLUSION The efficacy of antibody detection differed between the two commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody kits, although there was moderate consistency, which may affect the clinical application and formulation of the vaccine strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiu-Yan Xu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xin-Qi Zheng
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Hang Xue
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian-Jun Niu
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Tian-Ci Yang
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Institute of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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15
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Puerta-Guardo H, Parra-Cardeña M, Peña-Miranda F, Flores-Quintal F, Granja-Pérez P, Villanueva-Jorge S, González-Losa R, Conde-Ferraez L, Gómez-Carballo J, Vazquez-Prokopec G, Earnest JT, Manrique-Saide P, Ayora-Talavera G. Human IgG antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 viral antigens receptor-binding domain, spike, and nucleocapsid, in vaccinated adults from Merida, Mexico. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916241. [PMID: 35935758 PMCID: PMC9354829 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been approved for controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic worldwide. Antibody response is essential to understand the immune response to different viral targets after vaccination with different vaccine platforms. Thus, the main aim of this study was to describe how vaccination with two distinct SARS-CoV-2 vaccine preparations elicit IgG antibody specific responses against two antigenically relevant SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins: the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and the full-length spike (S). To do so, SARS-CoV-2 protein specific in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were standardized and tested against serum samples collected from 89 adults, recipients of either a single-dose of the Spike-encoding mRNA-based Pfizer/BioNTech (Pf-BNT) (70%, 62/89) or the Spike-encoding-Adenovirus-5-based CanSino Biologics Inc. (CSBIO) (30%, 27/89) in Merida, Mexico. Overall, we identified an IgG seroconversion rate of 88% (68/78) in all vaccinees after more than 25 days post-vaccination (dpv). Anti-RBD IgG-specific responses ranged from 90% (46/51) in the Pf-BNT vaccine at 25 dpv to 74% (20/27) in the CSBIO vaccine at 42 dpv. Compared to the S, the RBD IgG reactivity was significantly higher in both Pf-BNT (p < 0.004) and CSBIO (p < 0.003) vaccinees. Interestingly, in more than 50% of vaccine recipients, with no history of COVID-19 infection, antibodies against the nucleocapsid (N) protein were detected. Thus, participants were grouped either as naïve or pre-exposed vaccinees. Seroconversion rates after 25 and more dpv varies between 100% in Pf-BNT (22/22) and 75% (9/12) in CSBIO pre-exposed vaccinees, and 89% (26/29) and 73% (11/15) in Pf-BNT and CSBIO naïve vaccine recipients, respectively. In summary, observed seroconversion rates varied depending on the type of vaccine, previous infection with SARS-CoV-2, and the target viral antigen. Our results indicate that both vaccine preparations can induce detectable levels of IgG against the RBD or Spike in both naïve and SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposed vaccinees. Our study provides valuable and novel information about the serodiagnosis and the antibody response to vaccines in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Puerta-Guardo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Manuel Parra-Cardeña
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | | | - Pilar Granja-Pérez
- Laboratorio Estatal de Salud Pública, Servicios de Salud de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - Refugio González-Losa
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Laura Conde-Ferraez
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Jesus Gómez-Carballo
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | | | - James T. Earnest
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomológicos, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Ayora-Talavera
- Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Mexico
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