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Ferguson EL, Thoma M, Buto PT, Wang J, Glymour MM, Hoffmann TJ, Choquet H, Andrews SJ, Yaffe K, Casaletto K, Brenowitz WD. Visual Impairment, Eye Conditions, and Diagnoses of Neurodegeneration and Dementia. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2424539. [PMID: 39078629 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.24539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Vision and eye conditions are associated with increased risk for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRDs), but the nature of the association and the underlying biological pathways remain unclear. If causal, vision would be an important modifiable risk factor with viable population-level interventions. Objective To evaluate potentially causal associations between visual acuity, eye conditions (specifically cataracts and myopia), neuroimaging outcomes, and ADRDs. Design, Setting, and Participants A cohort and 2-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted using UK Biobank participants and summary statistics from previously published genome-wide association studies on cataract, myopia, and AD. The participants included in the analysis were aged 55 to 70 years without dementia at baseline (calendar years 2006 to 2010), underwent genotyping, and reported on eye conditions; a subset completed visual acuity examinations (n = 69 852-71 429) or brain imaging (n = 36 591-36 855). Data were analyzed from August 15, 2022, through November 28, 2023. Exposure Self-reported cataracts, visual acuity, and myopia measured by refraction error. Main Outcomes and Measures ADRD, AD, and vascular dementia were identified from electronic medical records. Total and regional brain volumes were determined using magnetic resonance imaging. Results The sample included 304 953 participants (mean [SD] age, 62.1 (4.1) years; 163 825 women [53.72%]); 14 295 (4.69%) had cataracts and 2754 (3.86%) had worse than 20/40 vision. Cataracts (hazard ratio [HR], 1.18; 95% CI, 1.07-1.29) and myopia (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.06-1.70) were associated with a higher hazard of ADRD. In MR analyses to estimate potential causal effects, cataracts were associated with increased risk of vascular dementia (inverse variance-weighted odds ratio [OR], 1.92; 95% CI, 1.26-2.92) but were not associated with increased dementia (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 0.98-1.50). There were no associations between myopia and dementia. In MR for potential reverse causality, AD was not associated with cataracts (inverse variance-weighted OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.96-1.01). Genetic risk for cataracts was associated with smaller total brain (β = -597.43 mm3; 95% CI, -1077.87 to -117.00 mm3) and gray matter (β = -375.17 mm3; 95% CI, -680.10 to -70.24 mm3) volumes, but not other brain regions. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort and MR study of UK Biobank participants, cataracts were associated with increased risk of dementia, especially vascular dementia, and reduced total brain volumes. These findings lend further support to the hypothesis that cataract extraction may reduce the risk for dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Ferguson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Mary Thoma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Peter T Buto
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jingxuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - M Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research, Oakland
| | - Shea J Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kristine Yaffe
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Willa D Brenowitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon
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Appiah D, Chaudhury H, Chaudhury T, Iweh M, Shabaneh O, De La Cruz N. The Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Among Adults with Vision Impairment from Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-8. [PMID: 38833627 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2354695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) among adults with vision impairment (VI) has often been from developed countries using self-reported VI. This study evaluated the association of objectively-determined VI with the risk of CVD among adults from low-, middle-, and high-income countries. METHODS Data were from 32,268 adults aged 30-74 years without CVD or blindness from China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russian Federation, South Africa, and the United States during 2007-2010. VI and severe VI was defined as presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18, and 6/60, respectively. The Framingham risk algorithm was used to estimate the risk for incident CVD. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 46.4 years, with half of them being women (49.3%). The age-adjusted prevalence of VI ranged from 1.1% (United States) to 14.2% (South Africa) while severe VI ranged from 0.4% (United States) to 4.5% (Ghana). In models adjusting for country, sociodemographic factors, waist girth, healthcare use, activities of daily living and other health-related factors, VI was associated with CVD risk ≥ 10% (OR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.22-2.36). This observed association was largely consistent across countries (p = 0.119). The observed CVD risk was similar among adults with moderate or severe VI (OR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.50-1.83). CVD risk was higher among adults with VI who were <65 years old (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.36-2.63) or were employed (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.58-3.16). CONLUSIONS This cross-national study shows that individuals with VI are at high risk for future CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duke Appiah
- Department of Public Health, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Hannah Chaudhury
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Tristin Chaudhury
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Marvelyn Iweh
- School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA
| | - Obadeh Shabaneh
- School of Medicine, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada
| | - Noah De La Cruz
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, Texas, USA
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Kang H, Kim DH, Choi YH. Elevated levels of serum per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contact lens users of U.S. young adults. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 350:141134. [PMID: 38184077 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite evidence indicating the presence of per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in contact lenses (CL), it remains unclear whether CL use increases PFAS exposure in the general population. We aimed to determine whether CL users have higher serum concentrations of PFAS than non-users, using data of 1660 adults aged 20-39 years participating in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2000 and 2003-2008. We classified the individuals into CL users and non-users using the record of vision correction types during a vision test. Serum concentrations of six individual PFAS were measured, and the overall PFAS burden was calculated by item response theory scoring. Survey-weighted linear models were used to compare serum PFAS levels between CL users and non-users after adjusting for covariates. Distributions of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) concentrations were compared with reference values (e.g., human biomonitoring [HBM]-II values) indicating potential for adverse health effects. Survey-weighted linear models revealed that covariate-adjusted serum PFOA concentration was higher in CL users (geometric mean [GM]: 3.68 ng/mL; 95% CI: 3.00, 4.50) than in non-users (GM: 3.27 ng/mL; 95% CI: 2.81, 3.80; p = 0.02). Similarly, CL users had a significantly higher serum PFHxS concentration (GM: 1.58 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.20) than non-users (GM: 1.30 ng/mL; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.66; p = 0.03). CL users also had a significantly higher overall burden of PFAS than non-users. The differences in PFAS concentrations between CL users and non-users were more pronounced in females than in males. Moreover, a larger proportion of lens users (4.5%), compared to non-users (3.9%), had PFOA concentrations above the HBM-II, where adverse health effects are expected from PFOA exposure. This study suggests that CL use in general U.S. young adults may contribute significantly to PFAS body burden, which can potentially lead to public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habyeong Kang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Yoon-Hyeong Choi
- Institute of Health Sciences, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health and Environmental Science, Korea University College of Health Science, Seoul, South Korea.
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Owsley C, Swain TA, McGwin G, Nghiem VTH, Register S, Asif IM, Fazio M, Antwi-Adjei EK, Girkin CA, Rhodes LA. Alabama Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (AL-SIGHT): Baseline Results. Am J Ophthalmol 2024; 257:66-75. [PMID: 37683821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe baseline results of the Alabama Screening and Intervention for Glaucoma and Eye Health through Telemedicine (AL-SIGHT) for patients at federally qualified health centers (FQHCs). Candidates were persons at risk for glaucoma-associated diseases (GAD) based on age, race/ethnicity, current diagnosis of GAD, family history, and diabetes. DESIGN Baseline screening visit followed by remote diagnosis and referral for follow-up examinations. METHODS Patients presenting to FQHCs who were at least 18 years of age were enrolled and underwent screening for acuity, autorefraction, intraocular pressure, visual field testing, and fundus imaging. Results were transmitted to an ophthalmologist at University of Alabama at Birmingham for diagnosis who made referrals for follow-up; follow-up attendance was noted. Questionnaires assessed participants' perspectives on screening. Primary outcomes were rates of disease detection, referral for follow-up, follow-up attendance, and participant satisfaction. RESULTS Of the 500 participants enrolled (mean age 58 years), 45.6% were African American and 51.6% White. Remote diagnostic evaluation of ocular screening by ophthalmologist revealed 30% GAD, 6.8% diabetic retinopathy, 37.6% cataract, 68.4% refractive error, 9.2% other eye conditions. In all, 47.2% of the participants were referred for follow-up examination and for acuity 20/40 or worse or IOP ≥23 mm Hg in one or both eyes. Follow-up examination attendance was 76.7% for those referred. Participants reported being very satisfied with screening (85.8%) and with the convenience of screening in their primary care clinic (92.2%). CONCLUSIONS The high percentage of patients diagnosed with treatable eye conditions at telemedicine screening suggest these programs in FQHCs can be effective and scalable nationwide. Attendance when referred for follow-up examination was high. Participants welcomed screenings in their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Owsley
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.
| | - Thomas A Swain
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Epidemiology (T.A.S., G.M.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gerald McGwin
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; Department of Epidemiology (T.A.S., G.M.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Van Thi Ha Nghiem
- Department of Health Policy and Organization (V.T.H.N.), School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Shilpa Register
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Irfan M Asif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine (I.M.A.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Massimo Fazio
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ellen K Antwi-Adjei
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA; School of Optometry (E.K.A.-A.), University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Christopher A Girkin
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lindsay A Rhodes
- From the Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences (C.O., T.A.S., G.M., S.R.M.F., E.K.A.-A., C.A.G., L.A.R.), Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Xiong K, Mao H, Zhang Q, Lei C, Liang Y. Associations between vision impairment and multimorbidity among older Chinese adults: results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:688. [PMID: 37875816 PMCID: PMC10594768 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04393-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although several studies have reported the relationship between vision impairment (VI) and multimorbidity in high-income countries, this relationship has not been reported in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to explore the relationship between VI with multimorbidity and chronic conditions among the elderly Chinese population. METHODS The cross-sectional analysis was applied to data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) in 2018. A total of 8,108 participants ≥ 60 years old were included, and 15 chronic conditions were used in this study. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationship between VI with multimorbidity and chronic conditions. RESULTS The prevalence of 15 chronic conditions and multimorbidity was higher among the elderly with VI than those without VI. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic confounders, 10 chronic conditions were associated with VI (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, positive association was observed between VI and one (odds ratio [OR]: 1.52; 95% confidence intervals [95%CI]: 1.16-2.00; P = 0.002), two (OR: 2.09; 95%CI: 1.61-2.71; P < 0.001), three (OR: 2.87; 95%CI: 2.22-3.72; P < 0.001), four (OR: 3.60; 95%CI: 2.77-4.69; P < 0.001), and five or more (OR: 5.53; 95%CI: 4.32-7.09; P < 0.001) chronic conditions, and the association increased as the number of chronic conditions (P for trend < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis stratified by gender, education, smoking status, and annual per capita household expenditure still found VI to be positively associated with multimorbidity. CONCLUSIONS For patients older than 60 years, VI was independently associated with multimorbidity and various chronic conditions. This result has important implications for healthcare resource plans and clinical practice, for example, increased diabetes and kidney function screening for patients with VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xiong
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huiyan Mao
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi'ao Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changrong Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanbo Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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Rajput A, Sharma P, Singh D, Singh S, Kaur P, Attri S, Mohana P, Kaur H, Rashid F, Bhatia A, Jankowski J, Arora V, Tuli HS, Arora S. Role of polyphenolic compounds and their nanoformulations: a comprehensive review on cross-talk between chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:901-924. [PMID: 36826494 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a huge portion of the world's population and frequently leads to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). It might be because of common risk factors between chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. Renal dysfunction caused by chronic kidney disease creates oxidative stress which in turn leads to cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in heart which results in atherosclerosis. It ends in clogging of veins and arteries that causes cardiac stroke and myocardial infarction. To develop an innovative therapeutic approach and new drugs to treat these diseases, it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanism behind the CKD and CVDs and their interrelationship. Natural phytoconstituents of plants such as polyphenolic compounds are well known for their medicinal value. Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites with immense antioxidant properties, which can protect from free radical damage. Nowadays, polyphenols are generating a lot of buzz in the scientific community because of their potential health benefits especially in the case of heart and kidney diseases. This review provides a detailed account of the pathophysiological link between CKD and CVDs and the pharmacological potential of polyphenols and their nanoformulations in promoting cardiovascular and renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Rajput
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Palvi Sharma
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Sharabjit Singh
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Shivani Attri
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Pallvi Mohana
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Harneetpal Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Farhana Rashid
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Astha Bhatia
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Vanita Arora
- Sri Sukhmani Dental College & Hospital, Derabassi, Punjab, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Saroj Arora
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Coronado F, Melvin SC, Bell RA, Zhao G. Global Responses to Prevent, Manage, and Control Cardiovascular Diseases. Prev Chronic Dis 2022; 19:E84. [PMID: 36480801 DOI: 10.5888/pcd19.220347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Coronado
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.,Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS S107-1, Atlanta GA 30341
| | - Sandra Carr Melvin
- Institute for the Advancement of Minority Health, Ridgeland, Mississippi
| | - Ronny A Bell
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Guixiang Zhao
- National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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